The excessive reliance on chemical inputs for managing soil nutrients and pathogens has raised concerns about their long-term sustainability and environmental impact.In contrast,the use of soil microbes offers an eco-...The excessive reliance on chemical inputs for managing soil nutrients and pathogens has raised concerns about their long-term sustainability and environmental impact.In contrast,the use of soil microbes offers an eco-friendly and efficient alternative for improving soil fertility and plant growth.Beneficial microorganisms,including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR),mycorrhizal fungi,and other soil organisms,play pivotal roles in nutrient cycling,organic matter decomposition,and nutrient availability improvement.This review explores the potential of leveraging microbial resources for sustainable soil nutrient management and resilient crop production.It delves into the intricate interactions between host plants and PGPR,particularly under nutrient-limited and fluctuating environmental conditions,with a focus on the molecular signaling pathways and mechanisms regulating these relationships.Furthermore,it emphasizes the role of advanced techniques and PGPR-responsive microRNAs to uncover the functional capabilities of microbial communities and their dynamic interactions with plants.These approaches pave the way for developing innovative,microbe-based strategies to optimize nutrient use efficiency,reduce dependency on synthetic fertilizers,and support sustainable agricultural practices.展开更多
This study,integrating both domestic and international literatures as well as field research findings,presents a comprehensive review of the geographical distribution,ecological and physiological characteristics of Ac...This study,integrating both domestic and international literatures as well as field research findings,presents a comprehensive review of the geographical distribution,ecological and physiological characteristics of Acanthus ebracteatus.It further delves into the factors leading to its endangered status and proposes corresponding protection strategies.The mian reasons for the endangered of A.ebracteatus are as follows:illegal harvesting of whole plants,habitat destruction,reproductive obstacles,and competition or interference from invasive or noxious plant species.To address these threats,a series of conservation strategies are proposed.Firstly,in-depth research on the artificial propagation techniques of A.ebracteatus should be conducted to surmount reproductive barriers.Secondly,habitat restoration initiatives need to be carried out to create a suitable ecological setting.Thirdly,in-situ protections should be enhanced while the implementing ex-situ conservation measures.Meanwhile,continuous monitoring of A.ebracteatus seedlings should be conducted to strengthen subsequent management and conservation efforts.Finally,it is recommended to rationally explore and utilize the medicinal properties of A.ebracteatus.展开更多
Plants constitute nearly 80%of the planet’s total biomass(Bar-On et al.,2018);however,this vital group is experiencing severe threats,and recent evaluations indicate that approximately 45%of the world's described...Plants constitute nearly 80%of the planet’s total biomass(Bar-On et al.,2018);however,this vital group is experiencing severe threats,and recent evaluations indicate that approximately 45%of the world's described plant species are at risk of extinction(Bachman et al.,2024).The number of plant extinctions has increased by 60%in the last 100 years(Di Marco et al.,2017).Over the past 250 years,571 plant species have gone extinct—more than twice the combined total of extinct birds,mammals,and amphibians(217 species)(Briggs,2019).展开更多
[Objectives]To assess the effects of endophytic bacteria on the growth,antioxidant responses,and the production of key secondary metabolites in Emilia prenanthoidea DC.[Methods]Three endophytic strains(H1,H2,L1)were i...[Objectives]To assess the effects of endophytic bacteria on the growth,antioxidant responses,and the production of key secondary metabolites in Emilia prenanthoidea DC.[Methods]Three endophytic strains(H1,H2,L1)were inoculated onto tissue-cultured seedlings and cultivated for 20 d under greenhouse conditions.Growth traits,reactive oxygen species(ROS)indicators,antioxidant enzyme activities,and the content of chlorogenic acid and quercetin were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey s test.[Results]Bacterial inoculation significantly enhanced plant performance.Treatment H2 increased plant height by 27%,chlorophyll content by 73%,and fresh weight by 31%.Levels of ROS(O^(-)_(2),H_(2)O_(2))and MDA decreased markedly,whereas the activities of POD and CAT increased.Additionally,the content of chlorogenic acid and quercetin increased by up to 67%and 64%,respectively,with both H2 and L1 treatments showing the most pronounced effects.[Conclusions]Endophytic bacteria markedly improve growth,redox balance,and phenolic accumulation in E.prenanthoidea.Strain H2 represents a promising bioinoculant for improving the medicinal quality of this species.展开更多
Prohibitin(PHB)plays critical roles in plant growth and development.In this study,we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to generate homozygous OsPHB2 knockout transgenic plants,designated cr-osphb2.The cr-os...Prohibitin(PHB)plays critical roles in plant growth and development.In this study,we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to generate homozygous OsPHB2 knockout transgenic plants,designated cr-osphb2.The cr-osphb2 line exhibited wider leaves,dwarfism,and shorter panicles.Subcellular localization results indicated that OsPHB2 localizes to mitochondria.Under salt stress conditions,cr-osphb2 exhibited enhanced tolerance.Haplotype(Hap)analysis identified three major Haps(Hap1,Hap2,and Hap3)of OsPHB2,among which Hap2 was associated with a greater number of effective panicles and higher yield,indicating its potential value for breeding applications.Collectively,our findings demonstrate that OsPHB2 plays an important role in regulating growth,development,and salt stress responses in rice.展开更多
Despite Morocco's reliance on sunflower as an oilseed crop,little is known about its agronomic performance when sown in autumn or early winter.This knowledge gap is critical,as spring-sown varieties have shown dec...Despite Morocco's reliance on sunflower as an oilseed crop,little is known about its agronomic performance when sown in autumn or early winter.This knowledge gap is critical,as spring-sown varieties have shown declining performance in recent years under intensifying climate stress.Therefore,targeted breeding strategies could discover genotypes suitable for autumn or early winter sowing,with cold tolerance as a key selection criterion.Currently,‘Ichraq'is the only autumn-planted sunflower variety officially registered in Morocco,although efforts to release additional tolerant varieties are underway.This study evaluated 31 genotypes(MGB1to MGB31)selected from various environments under autumn planting conditions and conserved in the Moroccan Gene Bank.These genotypes were planted in early winter at a mountainous site known for its pronounced winter cold.Eighteen Morphological,physiological and agronomic parameters including initial vigor,leaf area,seed yield,oil content etc.,were assessed using both univariate and multivariate statistical approaches.Analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences across most traits,indicating substantial genetic variation.Notably,seed oil content ranged from 23.28%(MGB26)to 43.88%(MGB5),and seed yield from1400 kg/ha(MGB7)to 5400 kg/ha(MGB8).Principal component analysis(PCA)identified that the first principal component,accounting for over 24%of the total phenotypic variance,exhibits a strong positive loading of yield-related traits and chlorophyll content,while displaying a pronounced negative loading for oil content variables.This opposing gradient indicates a clear trade-off between vegetative productivity and oil accumulation across the evaluated genotypes.Hierarchical cluster analysis resolved the germplasm into two principal clusters with high within-group similarity,each further partitioned into relatively homogeneous subgroups.Notably,several genotypes outperformed the control variety Ichraq,underscoring their potential for autumn or early winter cultivation.Nonetheless,essential multi-environment trials remain to validate their phenotypic stability and to ascertain their value as genetic resources for sunflower breeding programs in Morocco and other Mediterranean agro-ecosystems.展开更多
Auxin is a phytohormone that is critical for plant growth and development.The molecular mechanisms underlying auxin biosynthesis,transport,and signaling are well understood.However,the complex mechanism by which auxin...Auxin is a phytohormone that is critical for plant growth and development.The molecular mechanisms underlying auxin biosynthesis,transport,and signaling are well understood.However,the complex mechanism by which auxin regulates plant volatile biosynthesis has seldom been studied.A growing array of unique auxin-related plant volatiles have recently been discovered.This study comprehensively reviews recent findings on auxin and auxin-related genes and their roles in the formation of plant volatiles.This study highlights the implications of exogenous auxin application,genes involved in auxin signaling transduction,and hormonal crosstalk during volatile compound biosynthesis in plants.Plant hormones facilitate the integration of multiple volatile signals to enable specific and appropriate responses to environmental changes.This will improve our overall understanding of the role of auxins in plant volatile compound metabolic pathways.Recent studies have delineated the considerable advancements in elucidating the intricate methods by which plants employ auxin regulatory pathways to modulate the release of volatile chemicals during development and growth,along with prospective research paths.展开更多
Urban green spaces have positive effects on both physical and mental wellbeing.However,few studies have focused on the trends and thresholds of the effects of different influences on restorative benefits when viewing ...Urban green spaces have positive effects on both physical and mental wellbeing.However,few studies have focused on the trends and thresholds of the effects of different influences on restorative benefits when viewing scenes differfeaturing plant communities.We measured subjective evaluations and objective physiological data from 44 participants who viewed images of plant communities in the yellow to green hue range to compare differences in restorative benefits among plant communities at different visual distances,as well as quantifying the influencing factors involved.The following results were found:(1)Coniferous and multi-layered plant communities were found to provide greater restorative benefits,and the restorative benefits grew with increasing visual distance.(2)Shape and color characteristics were significantly correlated with restorative benefits,but the relationship is not simply linear.(3)The restorative benefits were found to be greatest when crown proportion was 61.23%,trunk proportion ranged from 4.11%to 13.70%,and the value of color index value ranged from 25.44%to 35.56%;the restorative benefits gradually increased when sky proportion exceeded 12.95%-13.19%,the fractal dimension exceeded 1.62-1.67,and hue index exceeded 91.64°-95.67°;additionally,the restorative benefits decreased when the saturation index increased.This study provides a scientific basis for the construction and improvement of plant landscapes in urban green spaces.展开更多
N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification,the most abundant internal modification in messenger RNA(mRNA)and long non-coding RNA(lncRNA),has emerged as a critical epitranscriptomic regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes.While...N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification,the most abundant internal modification in messenger RNA(mRNA)and long non-coding RNA(lncRNA),has emerged as a critical epitranscriptomic regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes.While the importance of m^(6)A modification in various biological processes has been recognized,a comprehensive understanding of its diverse roles in plant biology and agricultural applications remains fragmented.This review analyzes recent advances inm^(6)A modification's biological functions in plants.m^(6)A modification plays crucial roles in multiple aspects of plant life,including seed germination,organ development,and reproductive structure formation.Furthermore,m^(6)A has been found to significantly influence plant responses to environmental stresses,including salt,drought,temperature,and heavy metal exposure.We also uncover m^(6)A involvement in important agricultural traits.This review provides insights into the mechanistic understanding of m^(6)A modification in plants and highlights its applications in agricultural improvement,offering a foundation for future research in crop enhancement and stress resistance.展开更多
Aconitum heterophyllum Wall.ex Royle,an endangered Ayurvedic medicinal plant,is predominantly found in the alpine and subalpine zones of the Himalayas.This study aimed to enhance seed germination under various soil co...Aconitum heterophyllum Wall.ex Royle,an endangered Ayurvedic medicinal plant,is predominantly found in the alpine and subalpine zones of the Himalayas.This study aimed to enhance seed germination under various soil conditions,to facilitate conservation and provide opportunities for income generation through large-scale cultivation.The selection of soil treatments was based on their contrasting physicochemical properties and known influence on seed germination in related high altitude species.The study was conducted in a mist chamber at the Deoban nursery in Dehradun,India,using five soil conditions:normal forest soil(NS),vermiculite(Vc),vermiculite+normal forest soil(Vc+NS),normal forest soil+sand(NS+S),and a mixture of soil,sand,vermiculite,and vermicompost(NS+S+Vc+VCo).All the soil treatments were replicated ten times under the controlled environmental conditions.These substrates were selected to represent a gradient of water retention,aeration,nutrient content,and organic matter composition,which are known to affect seed germination and early seedling development.Results showed significant different among treatments in terms of physical and chemical soil properties in sand,silt,clay,pH,organic carbon,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,as well as growth parameters such as,seed vigor index,root length,plant length,and leaf number across soil conditions.Among all treatments,vermiculite alone showed the highest germination rate(73.33%),peak germination value(0.719),and seed vigor index(24.02),along with superior growth parameters and the lowest seed mortality index(2.45).These findings in addition to its low seed mortality underscore vermiculite's potential as a suitable growth medium for the ex-situ cultivation of A.heterophyllum offering a promising alternative to wild harvesting while supporting conservation and sustainable use of this valuable Himalayan species.展开更多
For decades,Xu has been committed to fulfilling the duty and mission of a scientist and educator—diving into the laws of nature,caring deeply for the nation,and earnestly cultivating younger generations.
Atrazine,a persistent triazine herbicide,poses environmental and health risks.This study examines the synergis-tic remediation of atrazine-contaminated soil using green manure plant(GMP)hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth,...Atrazine,a persistent triazine herbicide,poses environmental and health risks.This study examines the synergis-tic remediation of atrazine-contaminated soil using green manure plant(GMP)hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth,VV)and the exogenous atrazine-degrading bacterium Arthrobacter sp.ATR1.Soil samples contaminated with atrazine at 5 and 20 mg/kg were treated with control(CK),ATR1(CKatr),hairy vetch(VV),and combined hairy vetch and ATR1 remediation(VVatr).The results indicated that the VVatr treatment exhibited the most effective atrazine removal,achieving enhancements of 56.12%at 5 mg/kg and 54.51%at 20 mg/kg compared to CK after 28 days.Soil enzyme activities,including urease,sucrase,and alkaline phosphatase,were significantly elevated in the VV and VVatr treatments,contributing to improved soil quality.Additionally,the CKatr,VV,and VVatr treat-ments enhanced bacterial diversity and richness while altering the microbial community structure.The VV and VVatr treatments notably enriched indigenous atrazine-degrading bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere.This microbial enrichment upregulated the Atrazine degradation and Nitrogen metabolism pathways,facilitating both atrazine removal and nitrogen cycling in the soil.And VVatr treatment promoted the stability of the microbial network and enhanced the cooperative relationship between key indigenous atrazine-degrading and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.These findings explain the mechanism of plantmicrobe combined remediation of atrazine-contaminated soil from the perspective of rhizosphere microorganisms and offer a theoretical basis for the practical application of this method.展开更多
Tajikistan represents a core region of the biodiversity hotspot in Central Asian mountains and has exceptional vascular plant diversity.However,the species diversity of the country faces urgent conservation challenges...Tajikistan represents a core region of the biodiversity hotspot in Central Asian mountains and has exceptional vascular plant diversity.However,the species diversity of the country faces urgent conservation challenges.There has been a lack of a comprehensive and multidimensional assessment to inform strategic conservation planning.Therefore,this study integrated 4 key biodiversity indices including species richness(SR),phylogenetic diversity(PD),threatened species richness(TSR),and endemic species richness(ESR)to map species diversity distribution patterns,identify conservation gaps,and elucidate their effects of climatic factors.This study revealed that species diversity shows a clear trend of decreasing from the western region to the eastern region of Tajikistan.The central–western mountains(specifically the Gissar-Darvasian and Zeravshanian regions)emerge as irreplaceable biodiversity hotspots.However,we found a severe spatial mismatch between these priority areas and the existing protected areas(PAs).Protection coverage for all hotspots was alarmingly low,ranging from 31.00%to 38.00%.Consequently,a critical 64.80%of integrated priority areas fall outside of the current PAs,representing a major conservation gap.This study identified precipitation seasonality and isothermality as the principal drivers,collectively explaining over 50.00%of the diversity variation and suggesting high vulnerability to hydrological shifts.Furthermore,we detected significant geographic sampling bias in the public biodiversity databases,with the most critical hotspot being systematically under-sampled.This study provides a robust scientific basis for conservation action,highlighting the urgent need to strategically expand PAs in the under-protected southwestern region and to mitigate critical sampling gaps through targeted data digitization and field surveys.These measures are indispensable for securing Tajikistan’s unique biodiversity and achieving the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Target 3(“30×30 Protection”).展开更多
Maintaining optimal crop nutritional levels is crucial for maximizing yield and enhancing stress resistance.In addition to the 17 essential nutrients,there are many plant-beneficial elements:silicon,aluminum,selenium,...Maintaining optimal crop nutritional levels is crucial for maximizing yield and enhancing stress resistance.In addition to the 17 essential nutrients,there are many plant-beneficial elements:silicon,aluminum,selenium,titanium,iodine,vanadium,cobalt,sodium,and rare earth elements.They are not essential for all plants,but some are crucial for specific plant species.However,the mechanisms of action of many beneficial elements are still unclear,and products containing beneficial elements have not been widely accepted and used by the public.This review systematically summarizes the current knowledge of plant-beneficial elements.Most importantly,we offer suggestions for future research on beneficial elements,which include integrating cross-disciplinary and innovative technologies,expanding the scope of application and elemental spies,broadening the spatial and temporal scales of research,incorporating beneficial elements into the soil health evaluation system,and shifting from single to multi-element applications.In the future,research on beneficial elements should be closely centered around“mechanism+application”to meet the ever-increasing demands driven by population growth,improve human health,tackle environmental challenges,and promote rural economic development.展开更多
Livestock farming is a critical pillar of Tajikistan’s national economy and livelihood security.However,significant economic challenges in the country have led to the degradation of grassland ecosystems.This degradat...Livestock farming is a critical pillar of Tajikistan’s national economy and livelihood security.However,significant economic challenges in the country have led to the degradation of grassland ecosystems.This degradation has not only reduced the productivity of grassland ecosystems but also severely impacted their ecological functions.A particularly concerning consequence is the threat to biodiversity,as the survival and persistence of endemic,rare,and endangered plant species are at serious risk,thereby diminishing the value of species’genetic resources.Based on the data from multiple sources such as literature reviews,field observations,and national statistics,this study employed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to investigate the current status,causes of degradation,and restoration measures for grassland ecosystems in Tajikistan.The results revealed that Tajikistan’s grassland ecosystems support exceptionally high plant species diversity,comprising over 4500 vascular plant species,including nearly 1500 endemic and sub-endemic taxa that constitute a unique genetic reservoir.These ecosystems are experiencing severe degradation,characterized by significantly reduced vegetation cover and declining species richness.Palatable forage species are increasingly being displaced by unpalatable,thorny,and poisonous species.The primary drivers of degradation include excessive grazing pressure,which disrupts plant reproductive cycles and regeneration capacity,habitat fragmentation due to urbanization and infrastructure development,and uncontrolled exploitation of medicinal and edible plants.Climate change,particularly rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns,further exacerbates these anthropogenic pressures.Ecological restoration experiments suggested that both ecosystem productivity and plant species diversity are significantly enhanced by systematic reseeding trials using altitude-adapted native species.These findings underscore the necessity of establishing scientifically grounded approaches for ecological restoration.展开更多
The alpine grassland vegetation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is composed of plant patches in varied sizes.It remains uncertain whether vegetation recovery following grazing exclusion(GE)in degraded grasslands is drive...The alpine grassland vegetation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is composed of plant patches in varied sizes.It remains uncertain whether vegetation recovery following grazing exclusion(GE)in degraded grasslands is driven by increases in patches number(NP),patch size(PS),or both.We based our predictions on two hypotheses:GE intensifies plant competition,and facilitation prevails near patches while competition prevails in interpatch spaces.We predicted that the NP would remain stable or decrease and PS would increase under GE treatment.To evaluate these predictions,we conducted a study in six lightly degraded alpine grasslands under free grazing(FG)conditions in Bangor County,Xizang Autonomous Region,China,with corresponding GE treatments using transects in 2017 and 2018.Results revealed that four sites in 2017 and five sites in 2018 had reduced NP and increased PS,with probabilities of 0.033(2017)and 0.004(2018),respectively,and a joint probability of 0.0001 under the null hypothesis that GE does not affect NP or PS.The NP reduction was solely due to the decrease in small patch sizes.An increase in PS was common across species,and a predominant tendency for NP reduction was observed among species across the sites.The overall changes in NP and PS were primarily driven by the three most abundant species(contributing more than 60%in both years),rather than by shifts in floristic composition.Our findings highlight that vegetation recovery in Bangor alpine steppes following GE relies solely on the expansion of existing patches rather than the recruitment of new ones in interpatch gaps.We recommend prioritizing growth-promoting measures,such as nutrient or water management,over seed addition when assisting with GE for restoring lightly degraded grasslands.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the effects of different planting densities and nitrogen application rates on the yield and quality of the tobacco cultivar Chuxue 80.[Methods]A field experiment was conducted in Hubei Provi...[Objectives]To investigate the effects of different planting densities and nitrogen application rates on the yield and quality of the tobacco cultivar Chuxue 80.[Methods]A field experiment was conducted in Hubei Province,evaluating various combinations of planting density and nitrogen rate for Chuxue 80.[Results]At the maturity stage,the TN1 treatment(5 kg N per 667 m^(2) with a density of 1900 plants per 667 m^(2))demonstrated the most favorable agronomic performance.The TN9 treatment(11 kg N per 667 m^(2) with a density of 1110 plants per 667 m^(2))achieved the highest wrapper tobacco yield and output value.Meanwhile,the TN5 treatment(8 kg N per 667 m^(2) with a density of 1515 plants per 667 m^(2))resulted in the best smoking quality.[Conclusions]The TN9 treatment,with a planting density of 1110 plants per 667 m^(2) and a nitrogen application rate of 11 kg per 667 m^(2),is recommended as the optimal cultivation practice for Chuxue 80 in Hubei Province.展开更多
Toxic heavy metal and metalloid(THMM)contamination poses a major global challenge,threatening human health and sustainable agriculture.The crucial role of the Cytochrome P450(CYP)gene family in plant tolerance to THMM...Toxic heavy metal and metalloid(THMM)contamination poses a major global challenge,threatening human health and sustainable agriculture.The crucial role of the Cytochrome P450(CYP)gene family in plant tolerance to THMMs has been recently highlighted,but there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding,especially in relation to metabolites.This study delved into the identification of CYP genes that are linked to the tolerance mechanisms of plants in response to heavy metal stress.The findings highlight the significant metabolic pathways that contribute to this resilience,using rice and Arabidopsis as exemplars.THMM exposure changed CYP gene expression in plants,and THMM antidotes mitigated its downregulation and that of flavonoid biosynthesis genes.CYP genes involved in THMM responses were predominantly enriched in the pathways associated with flavonoid synthesis,indicating functional adaptations to distinct stresses.Notably,anthocyanin(Ant)accumulation,a type of flavonoid,affected the uptake of various heavy metals in Brassica rapa,with flavonoid biosynthesis-associated genes correlating with Cd or As tolerance and Ant content.These findings highlight the critical importance of flavonoid metabolism and the intricate network of biosynthesis genes in bolstering plant resilience against heavy metal stress.This enhanced understanding paves the way for significant advancements in phytoremediation technologies,offering innovative solutions for soil and water decontamination.展开更多
基金supported by project OLP116.CSIR-NBRI allotted the manuscript number CSIR-NBRI_MS/2025/06/15。
文摘The excessive reliance on chemical inputs for managing soil nutrients and pathogens has raised concerns about their long-term sustainability and environmental impact.In contrast,the use of soil microbes offers an eco-friendly and efficient alternative for improving soil fertility and plant growth.Beneficial microorganisms,including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR),mycorrhizal fungi,and other soil organisms,play pivotal roles in nutrient cycling,organic matter decomposition,and nutrient availability improvement.This review explores the potential of leveraging microbial resources for sustainable soil nutrient management and resilient crop production.It delves into the intricate interactions between host plants and PGPR,particularly under nutrient-limited and fluctuating environmental conditions,with a focus on the molecular signaling pathways and mechanisms regulating these relationships.Furthermore,it emphasizes the role of advanced techniques and PGPR-responsive microRNAs to uncover the functional capabilities of microbial communities and their dynamic interactions with plants.These approaches pave the way for developing innovative,microbe-based strategies to optimize nutrient use efficiency,reduce dependency on synthetic fertilizers,and support sustainable agricultural practices.
基金Supported by Special Innovation Projects for Regular Institutions of Higher Education in Guangdong Province(2023KTSCX071)Zhanjiang Science and Technology Bureau Project(2023A01018)Colonel-level Project(LY2207).
文摘This study,integrating both domestic and international literatures as well as field research findings,presents a comprehensive review of the geographical distribution,ecological and physiological characteristics of Acanthus ebracteatus.It further delves into the factors leading to its endangered status and proposes corresponding protection strategies.The mian reasons for the endangered of A.ebracteatus are as follows:illegal harvesting of whole plants,habitat destruction,reproductive obstacles,and competition or interference from invasive or noxious plant species.To address these threats,a series of conservation strategies are proposed.Firstly,in-depth research on the artificial propagation techniques of A.ebracteatus should be conducted to surmount reproductive barriers.Secondly,habitat restoration initiatives need to be carried out to create a suitable ecological setting.Thirdly,in-situ protections should be enhanced while the implementing ex-situ conservation measures.Meanwhile,continuous monitoring of A.ebracteatus seedlings should be conducted to strengthen subsequent management and conservation efforts.Finally,it is recommended to rationally explore and utilize the medicinal properties of A.ebracteatus.
基金support of the ORG.one project of Oxford Nanopore Technologies(ONT),the Rufford Grants(45249-1)the Idea Wild Grants(Project ID-KJOSINDI0125-00)the Mohamed Bin Zyed Species Conservation(MBZ)(GEF Grant no-240535253)Funds in our efforts to conserve threatened trees in the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot Forest regions.
文摘Plants constitute nearly 80%of the planet’s total biomass(Bar-On et al.,2018);however,this vital group is experiencing severe threats,and recent evaluations indicate that approximately 45%of the world's described plant species are at risk of extinction(Bachman et al.,2024).The number of plant extinctions has increased by 60%in the last 100 years(Di Marco et al.,2017).Over the past 250 years,571 plant species have gone extinct—more than twice the combined total of extinct birds,mammals,and amphibians(217 species)(Briggs,2019).
文摘[Objectives]To assess the effects of endophytic bacteria on the growth,antioxidant responses,and the production of key secondary metabolites in Emilia prenanthoidea DC.[Methods]Three endophytic strains(H1,H2,L1)were inoculated onto tissue-cultured seedlings and cultivated for 20 d under greenhouse conditions.Growth traits,reactive oxygen species(ROS)indicators,antioxidant enzyme activities,and the content of chlorogenic acid and quercetin were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey s test.[Results]Bacterial inoculation significantly enhanced plant performance.Treatment H2 increased plant height by 27%,chlorophyll content by 73%,and fresh weight by 31%.Levels of ROS(O^(-)_(2),H_(2)O_(2))and MDA decreased markedly,whereas the activities of POD and CAT increased.Additionally,the content of chlorogenic acid and quercetin increased by up to 67%and 64%,respectively,with both H2 and L1 treatments showing the most pronounced effects.[Conclusions]Endophytic bacteria markedly improve growth,redox balance,and phenolic accumulation in E.prenanthoidea.Strain H2 represents a promising bioinoculant for improving the medicinal quality of this species.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Outstanding Youth Fund Continuation Project,China(Grant No.LRG25C130002)the Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.CAAS-CSCB-202402)+3 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.LD24C130001)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Projects of China(Grant No.2023ZD04066)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Grant No.Y2025YC96)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-2021-CNRRI).
文摘Prohibitin(PHB)plays critical roles in plant growth and development.In this study,we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to generate homozygous OsPHB2 knockout transgenic plants,designated cr-osphb2.The cr-osphb2 line exhibited wider leaves,dwarfism,and shorter panicles.Subcellular localization results indicated that OsPHB2 localizes to mitochondria.Under salt stress conditions,cr-osphb2 exhibited enhanced tolerance.Haplotype(Hap)analysis identified three major Haps(Hap1,Hap2,and Hap3)of OsPHB2,among which Hap2 was associated with a greater number of effective panicles and higher yield,indicating its potential value for breeding applications.Collectively,our findings demonstrate that OsPHB2 plays an important role in regulating growth,development,and salt stress responses in rice.
文摘Despite Morocco's reliance on sunflower as an oilseed crop,little is known about its agronomic performance when sown in autumn or early winter.This knowledge gap is critical,as spring-sown varieties have shown declining performance in recent years under intensifying climate stress.Therefore,targeted breeding strategies could discover genotypes suitable for autumn or early winter sowing,with cold tolerance as a key selection criterion.Currently,‘Ichraq'is the only autumn-planted sunflower variety officially registered in Morocco,although efforts to release additional tolerant varieties are underway.This study evaluated 31 genotypes(MGB1to MGB31)selected from various environments under autumn planting conditions and conserved in the Moroccan Gene Bank.These genotypes were planted in early winter at a mountainous site known for its pronounced winter cold.Eighteen Morphological,physiological and agronomic parameters including initial vigor,leaf area,seed yield,oil content etc.,were assessed using both univariate and multivariate statistical approaches.Analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences across most traits,indicating substantial genetic variation.Notably,seed oil content ranged from 23.28%(MGB26)to 43.88%(MGB5),and seed yield from1400 kg/ha(MGB7)to 5400 kg/ha(MGB8).Principal component analysis(PCA)identified that the first principal component,accounting for over 24%of the total phenotypic variance,exhibits a strong positive loading of yield-related traits and chlorophyll content,while displaying a pronounced negative loading for oil content variables.This opposing gradient indicates a clear trade-off between vegetative productivity and oil accumulation across the evaluated genotypes.Hierarchical cluster analysis resolved the germplasm into two principal clusters with high within-group similarity,each further partitioned into relatively homogeneous subgroups.Notably,several genotypes outperformed the control variety Ichraq,underscoring their potential for autumn or early winter cultivation.Nonetheless,essential multi-environment trials remain to validate their phenotypic stability and to ascertain their value as genetic resources for sunflower breeding programs in Morocco and other Mediterranean agro-ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.W2433051,32272663,32302520,and 32060655)National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2023YFD2300800)+3 种基金the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(Grant No.202206010023)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department Local Universities Joint Project(Grant No.202101BA070001-166)China Litchi and Longan Industry Technology Research System(CARS-32-08),Talent Introduction Project of Kunming University(Grant No.XJ20220003)Yunnan Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Fund General Program(Grant No.202501AT070058).
文摘Auxin is a phytohormone that is critical for plant growth and development.The molecular mechanisms underlying auxin biosynthesis,transport,and signaling are well understood.However,the complex mechanism by which auxin regulates plant volatile biosynthesis has seldom been studied.A growing array of unique auxin-related plant volatiles have recently been discovered.This study comprehensively reviews recent findings on auxin and auxin-related genes and their roles in the formation of plant volatiles.This study highlights the implications of exogenous auxin application,genes involved in auxin signaling transduction,and hormonal crosstalk during volatile compound biosynthesis in plants.Plant hormones facilitate the integration of multiple volatile signals to enable specific and appropriate responses to environmental changes.This will improve our overall understanding of the role of auxins in plant volatile compound metabolic pathways.Recent studies have delineated the considerable advancements in elucidating the intricate methods by which plants employ auxin regulatory pathways to modulate the release of volatile chemicals during development and growth,along with prospective research paths.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471953)the Educational Department of Liaoning Province Key Research Project(LJ212410153073).
文摘Urban green spaces have positive effects on both physical and mental wellbeing.However,few studies have focused on the trends and thresholds of the effects of different influences on restorative benefits when viewing scenes differfeaturing plant communities.We measured subjective evaluations and objective physiological data from 44 participants who viewed images of plant communities in the yellow to green hue range to compare differences in restorative benefits among plant communities at different visual distances,as well as quantifying the influencing factors involved.The following results were found:(1)Coniferous and multi-layered plant communities were found to provide greater restorative benefits,and the restorative benefits grew with increasing visual distance.(2)Shape and color characteristics were significantly correlated with restorative benefits,but the relationship is not simply linear.(3)The restorative benefits were found to be greatest when crown proportion was 61.23%,trunk proportion ranged from 4.11%to 13.70%,and the value of color index value ranged from 25.44%to 35.56%;the restorative benefits gradually increased when sky proportion exceeded 12.95%-13.19%,the fractal dimension exceeded 1.62-1.67,and hue index exceeded 91.64°-95.67°;additionally,the restorative benefits decreased when the saturation index increased.This study provides a scientific basis for the construction and improvement of plant landscapes in urban green spaces.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31660568)Guangxi Science and Technology major project(Grant No.GuikeAA22068088)+2 种基金start-up funding for introduced talents in Guangxi University,the Guangxi Colleges and Universities Young and Middle-aged Teachers'Basic Scientific Research Ability Improvement Project(Grant No.2024KY0010)Guangxi Graduate Education Innovation Program(Grant No.YCSW2024093)the Guangxi University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Funding Project(Grant Nos.202310593704,202310593714,202410953044S).
文摘N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification,the most abundant internal modification in messenger RNA(mRNA)and long non-coding RNA(lncRNA),has emerged as a critical epitranscriptomic regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes.While the importance of m^(6)A modification in various biological processes has been recognized,a comprehensive understanding of its diverse roles in plant biology and agricultural applications remains fragmented.This review analyzes recent advances inm^(6)A modification's biological functions in plants.m^(6)A modification plays crucial roles in multiple aspects of plant life,including seed germination,organ development,and reproductive structure formation.Furthermore,m^(6)A has been found to significantly influence plant responses to environmental stresses,including salt,drought,temperature,and heavy metal exposure.We also uncover m^(6)A involvement in important agricultural traits.This review provides insights into the mechanistic understanding of m^(6)A modification in plants and highlights its applications in agricultural improvement,offering a foundation for future research in crop enhancement and stress resistance.
文摘Aconitum heterophyllum Wall.ex Royle,an endangered Ayurvedic medicinal plant,is predominantly found in the alpine and subalpine zones of the Himalayas.This study aimed to enhance seed germination under various soil conditions,to facilitate conservation and provide opportunities for income generation through large-scale cultivation.The selection of soil treatments was based on their contrasting physicochemical properties and known influence on seed germination in related high altitude species.The study was conducted in a mist chamber at the Deoban nursery in Dehradun,India,using five soil conditions:normal forest soil(NS),vermiculite(Vc),vermiculite+normal forest soil(Vc+NS),normal forest soil+sand(NS+S),and a mixture of soil,sand,vermiculite,and vermicompost(NS+S+Vc+VCo).All the soil treatments were replicated ten times under the controlled environmental conditions.These substrates were selected to represent a gradient of water retention,aeration,nutrient content,and organic matter composition,which are known to affect seed germination and early seedling development.Results showed significant different among treatments in terms of physical and chemical soil properties in sand,silt,clay,pH,organic carbon,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,as well as growth parameters such as,seed vigor index,root length,plant length,and leaf number across soil conditions.Among all treatments,vermiculite alone showed the highest germination rate(73.33%),peak germination value(0.719),and seed vigor index(24.02),along with superior growth parameters and the lowest seed mortality index(2.45).These findings in addition to its low seed mortality underscore vermiculite's potential as a suitable growth medium for the ex-situ cultivation of A.heterophyllum offering a promising alternative to wild harvesting while supporting conservation and sustainable use of this valuable Himalayan species.
文摘For decades,Xu has been committed to fulfilling the duty and mission of a scientist and educator—diving into the laws of nature,caring deeply for the nation,and earnestly cultivating younger generations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFD1701101)the Fund for Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA28010503)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31971515)the Fund for National Key Research and Development Plan of China(No.2019YFC1804100)the Fund for Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.CAAS-ZDRW202110).
文摘Atrazine,a persistent triazine herbicide,poses environmental and health risks.This study examines the synergis-tic remediation of atrazine-contaminated soil using green manure plant(GMP)hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth,VV)and the exogenous atrazine-degrading bacterium Arthrobacter sp.ATR1.Soil samples contaminated with atrazine at 5 and 20 mg/kg were treated with control(CK),ATR1(CKatr),hairy vetch(VV),and combined hairy vetch and ATR1 remediation(VVatr).The results indicated that the VVatr treatment exhibited the most effective atrazine removal,achieving enhancements of 56.12%at 5 mg/kg and 54.51%at 20 mg/kg compared to CK after 28 days.Soil enzyme activities,including urease,sucrase,and alkaline phosphatase,were significantly elevated in the VV and VVatr treatments,contributing to improved soil quality.Additionally,the CKatr,VV,and VVatr treat-ments enhanced bacterial diversity and richness while altering the microbial community structure.The VV and VVatr treatments notably enriched indigenous atrazine-degrading bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere.This microbial enrichment upregulated the Atrazine degradation and Nitrogen metabolism pathways,facilitating both atrazine removal and nitrogen cycling in the soil.And VVatr treatment promoted the stability of the microbial network and enhanced the cooperative relationship between key indigenous atrazine-degrading and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.These findings explain the mechanism of plantmicrobe combined remediation of atrazine-contaminated soil from the perspective of rhizosphere microorganisms and offer a theoretical basis for the practical application of this method.
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia(RCEECA),the construction and joint research for the China-Tajikistan“Belt and Road”Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use(2024YFE0214200)the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Partnership and International Technology Cooperation Plan of Science and Technology Projects(2023E01018,2025E01056)the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)(2024VBC0006).
文摘Tajikistan represents a core region of the biodiversity hotspot in Central Asian mountains and has exceptional vascular plant diversity.However,the species diversity of the country faces urgent conservation challenges.There has been a lack of a comprehensive and multidimensional assessment to inform strategic conservation planning.Therefore,this study integrated 4 key biodiversity indices including species richness(SR),phylogenetic diversity(PD),threatened species richness(TSR),and endemic species richness(ESR)to map species diversity distribution patterns,identify conservation gaps,and elucidate their effects of climatic factors.This study revealed that species diversity shows a clear trend of decreasing from the western region to the eastern region of Tajikistan.The central–western mountains(specifically the Gissar-Darvasian and Zeravshanian regions)emerge as irreplaceable biodiversity hotspots.However,we found a severe spatial mismatch between these priority areas and the existing protected areas(PAs).Protection coverage for all hotspots was alarmingly low,ranging from 31.00%to 38.00%.Consequently,a critical 64.80%of integrated priority areas fall outside of the current PAs,representing a major conservation gap.This study identified precipitation seasonality and isothermality as the principal drivers,collectively explaining over 50.00%of the diversity variation and suggesting high vulnerability to hydrological shifts.Furthermore,we detected significant geographic sampling bias in the public biodiversity databases,with the most critical hotspot being systematically under-sampled.This study provides a robust scientific basis for conservation action,highlighting the urgent need to strategically expand PAs in the under-protected southwestern region and to mitigate critical sampling gaps through targeted data digitization and field surveys.These measures are indispensable for securing Tajikistan’s unique biodiversity and achieving the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Target 3(“30×30 Protection”).
基金jointly supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(324B2064 and 32272799)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(226-2024-00052)。
文摘Maintaining optimal crop nutritional levels is crucial for maximizing yield and enhancing stress resistance.In addition to the 17 essential nutrients,there are many plant-beneficial elements:silicon,aluminum,selenium,titanium,iodine,vanadium,cobalt,sodium,and rare earth elements.They are not essential for all plants,but some are crucial for specific plant species.However,the mechanisms of action of many beneficial elements are still unclear,and products containing beneficial elements have not been widely accepted and used by the public.This review systematically summarizes the current knowledge of plant-beneficial elements.Most importantly,we offer suggestions for future research on beneficial elements,which include integrating cross-disciplinary and innovative technologies,expanding the scope of application and elemental spies,broadening the spatial and temporal scales of research,incorporating beneficial elements into the soil health evaluation system,and shifting from single to multi-element applications.In the future,research on beneficial elements should be closely centered around“mechanism+application”to meet the ever-increasing demands driven by population growth,improve human health,tackle environmental challenges,and promote rural economic development.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2025YFE0103800,2023YFE0102600,2024YFE0214200).
文摘Livestock farming is a critical pillar of Tajikistan’s national economy and livelihood security.However,significant economic challenges in the country have led to the degradation of grassland ecosystems.This degradation has not only reduced the productivity of grassland ecosystems but also severely impacted their ecological functions.A particularly concerning consequence is the threat to biodiversity,as the survival and persistence of endemic,rare,and endangered plant species are at serious risk,thereby diminishing the value of species’genetic resources.Based on the data from multiple sources such as literature reviews,field observations,and national statistics,this study employed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to investigate the current status,causes of degradation,and restoration measures for grassland ecosystems in Tajikistan.The results revealed that Tajikistan’s grassland ecosystems support exceptionally high plant species diversity,comprising over 4500 vascular plant species,including nearly 1500 endemic and sub-endemic taxa that constitute a unique genetic reservoir.These ecosystems are experiencing severe degradation,characterized by significantly reduced vegetation cover and declining species richness.Palatable forage species are increasingly being displaced by unpalatable,thorny,and poisonous species.The primary drivers of degradation include excessive grazing pressure,which disrupts plant reproductive cycles and regeneration capacity,habitat fragmentation due to urbanization and infrastructure development,and uncontrolled exploitation of medicinal and edible plants.Climate change,particularly rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns,further exacerbates these anthropogenic pressures.Ecological restoration experiments suggested that both ecosystem productivity and plant species diversity are significantly enhanced by systematic reseeding trials using altitude-adapted native species.These findings underscore the necessity of establishing scientifically grounded approaches for ecological restoration.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Bureau of Ali Prefecture,project named“Assessing the Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Sink Enhancement Potential of Natural Ecosystems in Ali Region(QYXTZX-AL2022-05)”。
文摘The alpine grassland vegetation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is composed of plant patches in varied sizes.It remains uncertain whether vegetation recovery following grazing exclusion(GE)in degraded grasslands is driven by increases in patches number(NP),patch size(PS),or both.We based our predictions on two hypotheses:GE intensifies plant competition,and facilitation prevails near patches while competition prevails in interpatch spaces.We predicted that the NP would remain stable or decrease and PS would increase under GE treatment.To evaluate these predictions,we conducted a study in six lightly degraded alpine grasslands under free grazing(FG)conditions in Bangor County,Xizang Autonomous Region,China,with corresponding GE treatments using transects in 2017 and 2018.Results revealed that four sites in 2017 and five sites in 2018 had reduced NP and increased PS,with probabilities of 0.033(2017)and 0.004(2018),respectively,and a joint probability of 0.0001 under the null hypothesis that GE does not affect NP or PS.The NP reduction was solely due to the decrease in small patch sizes.An increase in PS was common across species,and a predominant tendency for NP reduction was observed among species across the sites.The overall changes in NP and PS were primarily driven by the three most abundant species(contributing more than 60%in both years),rather than by shifts in floristic composition.Our findings highlight that vegetation recovery in Bangor alpine steppes following GE relies solely on the expansion of existing patches rather than the recruitment of new ones in interpatch gaps.We recommend prioritizing growth-promoting measures,such as nutrient or water management,over seed addition when assisting with GE for restoring lightly degraded grasslands.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.,Ltd.(2023330000340093).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the effects of different planting densities and nitrogen application rates on the yield and quality of the tobacco cultivar Chuxue 80.[Methods]A field experiment was conducted in Hubei Province,evaluating various combinations of planting density and nitrogen rate for Chuxue 80.[Results]At the maturity stage,the TN1 treatment(5 kg N per 667 m^(2) with a density of 1900 plants per 667 m^(2))demonstrated the most favorable agronomic performance.The TN9 treatment(11 kg N per 667 m^(2) with a density of 1110 plants per 667 m^(2))achieved the highest wrapper tobacco yield and output value.Meanwhile,the TN5 treatment(8 kg N per 667 m^(2) with a density of 1515 plants per 667 m^(2))resulted in the best smoking quality.[Conclusions]The TN9 treatment,with a planting density of 1110 plants per 667 m^(2) and a nitrogen application rate of 11 kg per 667 m^(2),is recommended as the optimal cultivation practice for Chuxue 80 in Hubei Province.
基金supported by the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Project(Grant No.[2022]091).
文摘Toxic heavy metal and metalloid(THMM)contamination poses a major global challenge,threatening human health and sustainable agriculture.The crucial role of the Cytochrome P450(CYP)gene family in plant tolerance to THMMs has been recently highlighted,but there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding,especially in relation to metabolites.This study delved into the identification of CYP genes that are linked to the tolerance mechanisms of plants in response to heavy metal stress.The findings highlight the significant metabolic pathways that contribute to this resilience,using rice and Arabidopsis as exemplars.THMM exposure changed CYP gene expression in plants,and THMM antidotes mitigated its downregulation and that of flavonoid biosynthesis genes.CYP genes involved in THMM responses were predominantly enriched in the pathways associated with flavonoid synthesis,indicating functional adaptations to distinct stresses.Notably,anthocyanin(Ant)accumulation,a type of flavonoid,affected the uptake of various heavy metals in Brassica rapa,with flavonoid biosynthesis-associated genes correlating with Cd or As tolerance and Ant content.These findings highlight the critical importance of flavonoid metabolism and the intricate network of biosynthesis genes in bolstering plant resilience against heavy metal stress.This enhanced understanding paves the way for significant advancements in phytoremediation technologies,offering innovative solutions for soil and water decontamination.
