许多脊椎动物外观虽然对称,但内部器官存在左右(left and right,L-R)不对称。内脏器官模式复杂且始终保持高度准确,一般认为这是由胚胎发育过程中纤毛定向摆动产生的结流体流动引起的[1]。L-R不对称可导致完全位反转或位模糊,也称异位...许多脊椎动物外观虽然对称,但内部器官存在左右(left and right,L-R)不对称。内脏器官模式复杂且始终保持高度准确,一般认为这是由胚胎发育过程中纤毛定向摆动产生的结流体流动引起的[1]。L-R不对称可导致完全位反转或位模糊,也称异位综合征(heterotaxy syndrome,HS),即至少有一个器官的正常位置被干扰[2-3]。HS是非常罕见的先天性疾病,该疾病的特征是沿着L-R轴的胸腔和腹部器官的正常排列紊乱,并常与复杂的先天性心脏病有关。展开更多
Situs inversus totalis(SIT)is a rare homozygous recessive disease caused by the mutation in PKD1L1,which is required for normal interaction with PKD2 and leads to different complications such as respiratory disorders,...Situs inversus totalis(SIT)is a rare homozygous recessive disease caused by the mutation in PKD1L1,which is required for normal interaction with PKD2 and leads to different complications such as respiratory disorders,brain disorders and even obesity.The present study was designed to find out the mutational effect on the binding of PKD2 with mutated PKD1L1,which leads to SIT.The three-dimensional(3D)structure of wild type and mutated PKD1L1 was predicted with>90%confidence using different online tools.The different online tools that were employed were SWISS-MODEL,Phyre2(normal&intensive)and i-TASSER.To compute the physiochemical properties of PKD1L1(wild&mutated)and PKD2 in silico approaches were employed using the ExPASy ProtParam tool.Physicochemical properties such as molecular weight,isoelectric point,the total number of negatively and positively charged residues,extinction coefficient,half-life,instability and aliphatic index,grand average of hydropathicity,and amino acid percentage were calculated.A lot of variability was observed in these parameters among PKD1L1 and PKD2,which accounted for diversification in their functional properties.The theoretical pI points showed that PKD1L1(whole)is more basic with 6.64 pI compared to its first chain TOPO_DOM(amino acids from 1–1748)has a pI of 5.62 which means it is basic while PKD2 have the lowest pI point of 5.34.Docking was performed using the PatchDock and ClusPro online tools.展开更多
文摘许多脊椎动物外观虽然对称,但内部器官存在左右(left and right,L-R)不对称。内脏器官模式复杂且始终保持高度准确,一般认为这是由胚胎发育过程中纤毛定向摆动产生的结流体流动引起的[1]。L-R不对称可导致完全位反转或位模糊,也称异位综合征(heterotaxy syndrome,HS),即至少有一个器官的正常位置被干扰[2-3]。HS是非常罕见的先天性疾病,该疾病的特征是沿着L-R轴的胸腔和腹部器官的正常排列紊乱,并常与复杂的先天性心脏病有关。
文摘Situs inversus totalis(SIT)is a rare homozygous recessive disease caused by the mutation in PKD1L1,which is required for normal interaction with PKD2 and leads to different complications such as respiratory disorders,brain disorders and even obesity.The present study was designed to find out the mutational effect on the binding of PKD2 with mutated PKD1L1,which leads to SIT.The three-dimensional(3D)structure of wild type and mutated PKD1L1 was predicted with>90%confidence using different online tools.The different online tools that were employed were SWISS-MODEL,Phyre2(normal&intensive)and i-TASSER.To compute the physiochemical properties of PKD1L1(wild&mutated)and PKD2 in silico approaches were employed using the ExPASy ProtParam tool.Physicochemical properties such as molecular weight,isoelectric point,the total number of negatively and positively charged residues,extinction coefficient,half-life,instability and aliphatic index,grand average of hydropathicity,and amino acid percentage were calculated.A lot of variability was observed in these parameters among PKD1L1 and PKD2,which accounted for diversification in their functional properties.The theoretical pI points showed that PKD1L1(whole)is more basic with 6.64 pI compared to its first chain TOPO_DOM(amino acids from 1–1748)has a pI of 5.62 which means it is basic while PKD2 have the lowest pI point of 5.34.Docking was performed using the PatchDock and ClusPro online tools.
文摘触脑脊液神经元（cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons,CSF-cNs）是一种分布于脑室、中央管、脑室周器及脑实质等处与脑脊液接触的特殊神经元。根据分布位置不同可将CSF-cNs分为室管膜上、室管膜下和远位CSF-cNs三类,不同部位的CSF-cNs分泌不同的神经递质。以往研究CSF-cNs多采用脑室注射辣根过氧化物酶标记的霍乱毒素B亚单位（cholera toxin subunit B labeled with horseradish peroxidase,CB-HRP）进行逆行追踪.
