Considering the economic importance in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and lack of baseline information, we evaluated the proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles, trace element content and C:N rati...Considering the economic importance in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and lack of baseline information, we evaluated the proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles, trace element content and C:N ratio in the alligator pipefish, Syngnathoides biaculeatus. Amongst proximate principals, a crude protein formed the major biochemical component((58.9±2.2)% dry weight). Mean percent concentrations(dry weight) of other components such as a total lipid(TL), ash and nitrogen-free extract measured were,(1.8±0.2)%,(19.2±2.2)% and(20.1±0.45)%, respectively. The fatty acid profile revealed the presence of 27 saturated fatty acids(SFA) with 13 straight-chained and 14 branched-chained, 28 unsaturated fatty acids(UFA) with 14 monounsaturated and 14 polyunsaturated and nine other minor fatty acids. Mean percent contributions of total SFAs and UFAs to TL were found to be(55.41±0.24)% and(44.05±0.25)%, respectively. Altogether, 16 dif ferent amino acids with an equal number of essential(EAA) and non-essential(NAA) ones were identified. Percent contributions by EAA and NAA to the total amino acid content were 38.11% and 61.89%, respectively. Trace metal concentrations in S. biaculeatus were generally low and their distribution followed the order, Mg>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Hg>Co. The C:N ratio was(4.37±0.04)%. The profile of major biochemical constituents in alligator pipefish, S. biaculeatus revealed its potential use in TCM as well as a nutritional diet for human consumption. The results of the study would also form the basis for formulation and optimization of diets for the culture of S. biaculeatus.展开更多
Objective:To screen antimicrobial potence of some pipefish species collected from Tuticorin coastal environment.Methods:Antimicrobial activity of pipefishes in methanol extract was investigated against 10 bacterial an...Objective:To screen antimicrobial potence of some pipefish species collected from Tuticorin coastal environment.Methods:Antimicrobial activity of pipefishes in methanol extract was investigated against 10 bacterial and 10 fungal human pathogenic strains.Results:Among the tested strains,in Centriscus scutatus,pipefish showed maximum zone of inhibition against Vibrio cholerae(8 mm)and minimum in the sample of Hippichthys cyanospilos against Klebseilla pneumoniae(2 mm).In positive control,maximum zone of inhibition was recorded in Vibrio cholerae(9 mm)and minimum in Klebseilla pneumoniae,and Salmonella paratyphi(5 mm).Chemical investigation indicated the presence of peptides as evidenced by ninhydrin positive spots on thin layer chromatography and presence of peptide.In SDS PAGE,in Centriscus scutatus,four bands were detected in the gel that represented the presence of proteins in the range nearly 25.8-75 kDa.In Hippichthys cyanospilos,five bands were detected in the gel that represented the presence of proteins in the range nearly 20.5-78 kDa.The result of FT-IR spectrum revealed that the pipe fishes extracts compriseed to have peptide derivatives as their predominant chemical groups.Conclusions:It can be conclude that this present investigation suggests the tested pipe fishes will be a potential source of natural bioactive compounds.展开更多
A Syngnathus species widely distributed in Chinese seas was permanently identified as Syngnathus acus by native ichthyologists, but the taxonomic description about this species was inadequate and lacking conclusively ...A Syngnathus species widely distributed in Chinese seas was permanently identified as Syngnathus acus by native ichthyologists, but the taxonomic description about this species was inadequate and lacking conclusively molecular evidence. To identify this species, 357 individuals of this species from the coastal waters of Dandong, Yantai, Qingdao and Zhoushan were collected and measured. Morphological results showed that these slender specimens were mainly brownish, usually mottled with pale. Standard length ranged from 117 mm to 213 mm with an average length of 180.3 mm. The above characters were consistent with S. schlegeli distributed in Japan but colored differently from and much smaller than typical S. acus reported in Europe. Thus, morphological studies revealed that this species was previously misidentified as S. acus and might be S. schlegeli in reality. In addition, a fragment of cytochrome oxidase subunit I （CO1） gene of mitochondrial DNA was also sequenced for species identification, and 15 COl sequences belonging to different Syngnathus species were also used for the molecular identification. CO1 sequences of our specimens had the minimum genetic distance from recognized S. schlegeli from Japan and clustered with it firstly. The phylogenetic analysis similarly suggested that the species previously identified as S. acus in the coastal waters of China was S. schlegeli actually.展开更多
Seagrass ecosystems worldwide have been declining, leading to a decrease in associated fish populations, especially those with low mobility such as syngnathids （pipefish and seahorses）. This two-year pilot study inv...Seagrass ecosystems worldwide have been declining, leading to a decrease in associated fish populations, especially those with low mobility such as syngnathids （pipefish and seahorses）. This two-year pilot study investigated seasonal patterns in density, growth, site fidelity, and population dynamics of Tampa Bay （FL） syngnathid fishes at a site adjacent to two marinas under construction. Using a modified mark-recapture technique, fish were collected periodically from three closely located sites that varied in seagrass species （Thalassia spp., Syringodium spp., and mixed-grass sites） and their distance from open water, but had consistent physical/chemical environmental characteristics. Fish were marked, photographed for body size and gender measurements, and released the same day at the capture site. Of the 5695 individuals surveyed, 49 individuals were recaptured, indicating a large, flexible population. Population density peaks were observed in July of both years, with low densities in late winter and late summer. Spatially, syngnathid densities were highest closest to the mouth of the bay and lowest near the shoreline. Seven species of syngnathid fishes were observed, and species-specific patterns of seagrass use emerged during the study. However, only two species, Syngnathus scovelli and Hippoeampus zosterae, were observed at high frequencies. For these two species, body size decreased across the study period, but while S. scovelli＇s population density decreased, H. zosterae＇s increased. Across six of the seven species, population size declined over the course of this preliminary study; however, seasonal shifts were impossible to distinguish from potential anthropogenic effects of construction [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 118-133, 2010].展开更多
文摘Considering the economic importance in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and lack of baseline information, we evaluated the proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles, trace element content and C:N ratio in the alligator pipefish, Syngnathoides biaculeatus. Amongst proximate principals, a crude protein formed the major biochemical component((58.9±2.2)% dry weight). Mean percent concentrations(dry weight) of other components such as a total lipid(TL), ash and nitrogen-free extract measured were,(1.8±0.2)%,(19.2±2.2)% and(20.1±0.45)%, respectively. The fatty acid profile revealed the presence of 27 saturated fatty acids(SFA) with 13 straight-chained and 14 branched-chained, 28 unsaturated fatty acids(UFA) with 14 monounsaturated and 14 polyunsaturated and nine other minor fatty acids. Mean percent contributions of total SFAs and UFAs to TL were found to be(55.41±0.24)% and(44.05±0.25)%, respectively. Altogether, 16 dif ferent amino acids with an equal number of essential(EAA) and non-essential(NAA) ones were identified. Percent contributions by EAA and NAA to the total amino acid content were 38.11% and 61.89%, respectively. Trace metal concentrations in S. biaculeatus were generally low and their distribution followed the order, Mg>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Hg>Co. The C:N ratio was(4.37±0.04)%. The profile of major biochemical constituents in alligator pipefish, S. biaculeatus revealed its potential use in TCM as well as a nutritional diet for human consumption. The results of the study would also form the basis for formulation and optimization of diets for the culture of S. biaculeatus.
基金Supported by the University Grants Commission,Government of India,New Delhi[Grant F.37-36/2009(SR)].
文摘Objective:To screen antimicrobial potence of some pipefish species collected from Tuticorin coastal environment.Methods:Antimicrobial activity of pipefishes in methanol extract was investigated against 10 bacterial and 10 fungal human pathogenic strains.Results:Among the tested strains,in Centriscus scutatus,pipefish showed maximum zone of inhibition against Vibrio cholerae(8 mm)and minimum in the sample of Hippichthys cyanospilos against Klebseilla pneumoniae(2 mm).In positive control,maximum zone of inhibition was recorded in Vibrio cholerae(9 mm)and minimum in Klebseilla pneumoniae,and Salmonella paratyphi(5 mm).Chemical investigation indicated the presence of peptides as evidenced by ninhydrin positive spots on thin layer chromatography and presence of peptide.In SDS PAGE,in Centriscus scutatus,four bands were detected in the gel that represented the presence of proteins in the range nearly 25.8-75 kDa.In Hippichthys cyanospilos,five bands were detected in the gel that represented the presence of proteins in the range nearly 20.5-78 kDa.The result of FT-IR spectrum revealed that the pipe fishes extracts compriseed to have peptide derivatives as their predominant chemical groups.Conclusions:It can be conclude that this present investigation suggests the tested pipe fishes will be a potential source of natural bioactive compounds.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41176117)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20120132110009)
文摘A Syngnathus species widely distributed in Chinese seas was permanently identified as Syngnathus acus by native ichthyologists, but the taxonomic description about this species was inadequate and lacking conclusively molecular evidence. To identify this species, 357 individuals of this species from the coastal waters of Dandong, Yantai, Qingdao and Zhoushan were collected and measured. Morphological results showed that these slender specimens were mainly brownish, usually mottled with pale. Standard length ranged from 117 mm to 213 mm with an average length of 180.3 mm. The above characters were consistent with S. schlegeli distributed in Japan but colored differently from and much smaller than typical S. acus reported in Europe. Thus, morphological studies revealed that this species was previously misidentified as S. acus and might be S. schlegeli in reality. In addition, a fragment of cytochrome oxidase subunit I （CO1） gene of mitochondrial DNA was also sequenced for species identification, and 15 COl sequences belonging to different Syngnathus species were also used for the molecular identification. CO1 sequences of our specimens had the minimum genetic distance from recognized S. schlegeli from Japan and clustered with it firstly. The phylogenetic analysis similarly suggested that the species previously identified as S. acus in the coastal waters of China was S. schlegeli actually.
基金Field work for this project was conducted under State of Florida Special Activities License Number 05SR-902provided in part by the Tampa Bay Estuary Program+2 种基金Delo Research Professor Grant (University of Tampa)the Dana Award Program (University of Tampa)the Biology Department (University of Tampa)
文摘Seagrass ecosystems worldwide have been declining, leading to a decrease in associated fish populations, especially those with low mobility such as syngnathids （pipefish and seahorses）. This two-year pilot study investigated seasonal patterns in density, growth, site fidelity, and population dynamics of Tampa Bay （FL） syngnathid fishes at a site adjacent to two marinas under construction. Using a modified mark-recapture technique, fish were collected periodically from three closely located sites that varied in seagrass species （Thalassia spp., Syringodium spp., and mixed-grass sites） and their distance from open water, but had consistent physical/chemical environmental characteristics. Fish were marked, photographed for body size and gender measurements, and released the same day at the capture site. Of the 5695 individuals surveyed, 49 individuals were recaptured, indicating a large, flexible population. Population density peaks were observed in July of both years, with low densities in late winter and late summer. Spatially, syngnathid densities were highest closest to the mouth of the bay and lowest near the shoreline. Seven species of syngnathid fishes were observed, and species-specific patterns of seagrass use emerged during the study. However, only two species, Syngnathus scovelli and Hippoeampus zosterae, were observed at high frequencies. For these two species, body size decreased across the study period, but while S. scovelli＇s population density decreased, H. zosterae＇s increased. Across six of the seven species, population size declined over the course of this preliminary study; however, seasonal shifts were impossible to distinguish from potential anthropogenic effects of construction [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 118-133, 2010].
