Objective:Plant hormones act as chemical messengers in the regulation of plant development and metabolism.The production of ginsenosides in Panax hybrid is promoted by auxins that are transported and accumulated by PI...Objective:Plant hormones act as chemical messengers in the regulation of plant development and metabolism.The production of ginsenosides in Panax hybrid is promoted by auxins that are transported and accumulated by PIN-FORMED(PIN)and PIN-LIKES(PILS)auxin transporters.However,genome-wide studies of PIN/PILS of ginseng are still scarce.In current study,identification and transcriptional profiling of PIN/PILS gene families,as well as their potential relationship with ginsenoside biosynthesis in Panax ginseng were investigated.Methods:PIN/PILS genes in P.ginseng was identified via in silico genome-wide analysis,followed by phylogenetic relationships,gene structure,and protein profiles investigation.Moreover,previously reported RNA-sequence data from various tissues and roots after infection were utilized for PIN/PILS genes expression pattern analysis.The Pearson’s correlation analysis of specific PIN/PILS genes expression level and main ginsenoside contents were taken to reveal the potential relationship between auxin transports and ginsenoside biosynthesis in P.ginseng.Results:A genome-wide search of P.ginseng genome for homologous auxin transporter genes identified a total of 17 PIN and 11 PILS genes.Sequence alignment,putative motif organization,and sub-cellular localization indicated redundant and complementary biological functions of these PIN/PILS genes.Most PIN/PILS genes were differentially expressed in a tissue-specific manner,and showed significant correlations with ginsenoside content correspondingly.Eight auxin transporter genes,including both PIN and PILS subfamily members,were positively correlated with ginsenoside content(cor>0.60;P-value<0.05).The expression levels of eleven auxin transporter genes were increased dramatically in the early stage(0–0.5 DPI)after Cylindrocarpon destructans infection,accompanied with various overall expression patterns,implying the dynamic auxin transport in response to biotic stress.Conclusion:Based on the results,we speculate that the accumulation or depletion in temporal or spatial manner of auxin by PIN/PILS transporters involved in the regulation of HMGR activity and subsequent ginsenoside biosynthesis.展开更多
Singapore leverages its strategic location as a logistics and financial hub serving Southeast Asia to help companies enhance regional operations and build resilient supply chains,according to Teo Siong Seng,Chairman o...Singapore leverages its strategic location as a logistics and financial hub serving Southeast Asia to help companies enhance regional operations and build resilient supply chains,according to Teo Siong Seng,Chairman of the Singapore Business Federation and Executive Chairman of Pacific International Lines(PIL),at the“Singapore Night”event held on the sidelines of the 21st China-ASEAN Expo.He also expressed hopes to work hand in hand with Chinese enterprises to explore emerging areas of cooperation and realize a vision of mutual benefits.展开更多
基于自主设计的TTP/C(时间触发协议)总线控制器,提出了开放式DEEC(发动机数字式电子控制器)的冗余架构,将其划分为输入、核心计算及输出3种智能节点,并制定了各个智能节点的任务调度规划图.设计了基于DSP(digital signal processor)+FPG...基于自主设计的TTP/C(时间触发协议)总线控制器,提出了开放式DEEC(发动机数字式电子控制器)的冗余架构,将其划分为输入、核心计算及输出3种智能节点,并制定了各个智能节点的任务调度规划图.设计了基于DSP(digital signal processor)+FPGA(field-programmable gate array)的智能节点硬件平台,在此基础上完成各智能节点的软件设计.最后构建了开放式DEEC的PIL(process in the loop)仿真测试平台,以发动机模型为控制对象,展开了状态调节试验和总线故障注入试验.试验结果证明该开放式DEEC是可行的,并具有良好的重构特性.展开更多
Poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, membranes have attracted considerable attention as polymer electrolytes for fuel cells. This study explores the effect of solvent on the spherulite size and the crystallinity of the po...Poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, membranes have attracted considerable attention as polymer electrolytes for fuel cells. This study explores the effect of solvent on the spherulite size and the crystallinity of the polymeric membranes. Based on Hansen solubility parameters theory, the mixture of DMC and DMSO was selected among a dozen of solvents for the preparation of PVDF membranes by thermally induced phase separation. The addition of two protic ionic liquids(PILs), bis(2-ethyl hexyl) ammonium hydrogen phosphate [EHNH_2][H_2PO_4], and imidazolium hexanoate [Im][Hex] to PVDF membranes at concentrations(10% < wP IL< 50%) has been investigated by SEM, FTIR, DSC, TGA, EIS, and DMA. The inclusion of ionic liquids into the polymer matrix influences structural parameters(degree of crystallinity and electroactive phases), thermal stability, proton conductivity and mechanical properties of the membranes. The membranes become transparent regardless type of ionic liquid employed. A small amount of ionic liquids increases the degree of crystallinity and facilitates the production of polar β and γ crystals. The proton conductivity mechanism(Grotthuss) is dependent on the ionic liquid structure(due to its selforganization in water) and the content in the PVDF membrane, as well as the membrane water uptake.Different behavior has been observed for the two ionic liquids, which stresses the challenge on selecting an appropriate cation and anion combination. The obtained composite membranes exhibited excellent mechanical performance and reduced elastic modulus, with respect to the pure polymer matrix. These results indicate that PVDF/IL composite membranes have a high potential for PEMFC applications.展开更多
An efficient extraction-free oxidative desulfurization(ODS)process using a series of cross-linked polyionic liquid phosphotungstate(CLPIL-PW)catalysts is reported.The cross-linked PILs were prepared with DVB and 1-n-a...An efficient extraction-free oxidative desulfurization(ODS)process using a series of cross-linked polyionic liquid phosphotungstate(CLPIL-PW)catalysts is reported.The cross-linked PILs were prepared with DVB and 1-n-alkyl-3-vinyl imidazole hydrobromide(alkyl=ethyl,butyl,octyl,dodecyl),and were then assembled with phosphotungstic acid(H_(3)PW_(12)O_(40))to form the catalysts.The CLPIL-PWs have been applied to the oxidative removal of dibenzothiophene(DBT)from model oil with H_(2)O_(2) as an oxidant.The effects of ionic liquid(IL)cationic species,varying the DVB/IL molar ratio in the polymerization process,and varying operating conditions were investigated.The CLPIL-PWs were characterized by inductively coupled plasma(ICP)mass spectrometry,elemental analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infra-red(FTIR)spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD),^(13)C and^(31)P nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy.The polydivinylbenzene-co-1-n-octyl-3-vinyl imidazole phosphotungstate(P(DVB-OVIm)PW)exhibited the highest DBT removal efficiency(99.9%)and remarkable recyclability,and could be reused eight times without reducing its activity.Finally,an extraction-free ODS mechanism is proposed.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Science and Technology Major Project (No.2018ZX09201-011,2017ZX09301060-012)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes (ZXKT17027,ZXKT19027)+1 种基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(81803672)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC1702100)
文摘Objective:Plant hormones act as chemical messengers in the regulation of plant development and metabolism.The production of ginsenosides in Panax hybrid is promoted by auxins that are transported and accumulated by PIN-FORMED(PIN)and PIN-LIKES(PILS)auxin transporters.However,genome-wide studies of PIN/PILS of ginseng are still scarce.In current study,identification and transcriptional profiling of PIN/PILS gene families,as well as their potential relationship with ginsenoside biosynthesis in Panax ginseng were investigated.Methods:PIN/PILS genes in P.ginseng was identified via in silico genome-wide analysis,followed by phylogenetic relationships,gene structure,and protein profiles investigation.Moreover,previously reported RNA-sequence data from various tissues and roots after infection were utilized for PIN/PILS genes expression pattern analysis.The Pearson’s correlation analysis of specific PIN/PILS genes expression level and main ginsenoside contents were taken to reveal the potential relationship between auxin transports and ginsenoside biosynthesis in P.ginseng.Results:A genome-wide search of P.ginseng genome for homologous auxin transporter genes identified a total of 17 PIN and 11 PILS genes.Sequence alignment,putative motif organization,and sub-cellular localization indicated redundant and complementary biological functions of these PIN/PILS genes.Most PIN/PILS genes were differentially expressed in a tissue-specific manner,and showed significant correlations with ginsenoside content correspondingly.Eight auxin transporter genes,including both PIN and PILS subfamily members,were positively correlated with ginsenoside content(cor>0.60;P-value<0.05).The expression levels of eleven auxin transporter genes were increased dramatically in the early stage(0–0.5 DPI)after Cylindrocarpon destructans infection,accompanied with various overall expression patterns,implying the dynamic auxin transport in response to biotic stress.Conclusion:Based on the results,we speculate that the accumulation or depletion in temporal or spatial manner of auxin by PIN/PILS transporters involved in the regulation of HMGR activity and subsequent ginsenoside biosynthesis.
文摘Singapore leverages its strategic location as a logistics and financial hub serving Southeast Asia to help companies enhance regional operations and build resilient supply chains,according to Teo Siong Seng,Chairman of the Singapore Business Federation and Executive Chairman of Pacific International Lines(PIL),at the“Singapore Night”event held on the sidelines of the 21st China-ASEAN Expo.He also expressed hopes to work hand in hand with Chinese enterprises to explore emerging areas of cooperation and realize a vision of mutual benefits.
文摘基于自主设计的TTP/C(时间触发协议)总线控制器,提出了开放式DEEC(发动机数字式电子控制器)的冗余架构,将其划分为输入、核心计算及输出3种智能节点,并制定了各个智能节点的任务调度规划图.设计了基于DSP(digital signal processor)+FPGA(field-programmable gate array)的智能节点硬件平台,在此基础上完成各智能节点的软件设计.最后构建了开放式DEEC的PIL(process in the loop)仿真测试平台,以发动机模型为控制对象,展开了状态调节试验和总线故障注入试验.试验结果证明该开放式DEEC是可行的,并具有良好的重构特性.
基金“La region Centre Val de Loire” for financial support to the researchers involved in this study under “Lavoisier II” regional program。
文摘Poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, membranes have attracted considerable attention as polymer electrolytes for fuel cells. This study explores the effect of solvent on the spherulite size and the crystallinity of the polymeric membranes. Based on Hansen solubility parameters theory, the mixture of DMC and DMSO was selected among a dozen of solvents for the preparation of PVDF membranes by thermally induced phase separation. The addition of two protic ionic liquids(PILs), bis(2-ethyl hexyl) ammonium hydrogen phosphate [EHNH_2][H_2PO_4], and imidazolium hexanoate [Im][Hex] to PVDF membranes at concentrations(10% < wP IL< 50%) has been investigated by SEM, FTIR, DSC, TGA, EIS, and DMA. The inclusion of ionic liquids into the polymer matrix influences structural parameters(degree of crystallinity and electroactive phases), thermal stability, proton conductivity and mechanical properties of the membranes. The membranes become transparent regardless type of ionic liquid employed. A small amount of ionic liquids increases the degree of crystallinity and facilitates the production of polar β and γ crystals. The proton conductivity mechanism(Grotthuss) is dependent on the ionic liquid structure(due to its selforganization in water) and the content in the PVDF membrane, as well as the membrane water uptake.Different behavior has been observed for the two ionic liquids, which stresses the challenge on selecting an appropriate cation and anion combination. The obtained composite membranes exhibited excellent mechanical performance and reduced elastic modulus, with respect to the pure polymer matrix. These results indicate that PVDF/IL composite membranes have a high potential for PEMFC applications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China (Grant No. LH2019B025)
文摘An efficient extraction-free oxidative desulfurization(ODS)process using a series of cross-linked polyionic liquid phosphotungstate(CLPIL-PW)catalysts is reported.The cross-linked PILs were prepared with DVB and 1-n-alkyl-3-vinyl imidazole hydrobromide(alkyl=ethyl,butyl,octyl,dodecyl),and were then assembled with phosphotungstic acid(H_(3)PW_(12)O_(40))to form the catalysts.The CLPIL-PWs have been applied to the oxidative removal of dibenzothiophene(DBT)from model oil with H_(2)O_(2) as an oxidant.The effects of ionic liquid(IL)cationic species,varying the DVB/IL molar ratio in the polymerization process,and varying operating conditions were investigated.The CLPIL-PWs were characterized by inductively coupled plasma(ICP)mass spectrometry,elemental analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infra-red(FTIR)spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD),^(13)C and^(31)P nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy.The polydivinylbenzene-co-1-n-octyl-3-vinyl imidazole phosphotungstate(P(DVB-OVIm)PW)exhibited the highest DBT removal efficiency(99.9%)and remarkable recyclability,and could be reused eight times without reducing its activity.Finally,an extraction-free ODS mechanism is proposed.
