Plant pigments have a vital role in plant pollination,aesthetic appeal,and quality of the fruit.Naturally occurring major plant pigments include anthocyanins,carotenoids,and chlorophyll.In addition to their coloration...Plant pigments have a vital role in plant pollination,aesthetic appeal,and quality of the fruit.Naturally occurring major plant pigments include anthocyanins,carotenoids,and chlorophyll.In addition to their coloration,these pigments possess additional beneficial properties,which is why they are often referred to as bioactive compounds.Moreover,they exhibit strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.The pigments,particularly beta-carotene(a precursor to vitamin A),a type of carotenoid,are crucial for maintaining good vision.They can help reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration and improve overall eye health.The antioxidants found in fruit pigments may improve cognitive function and reduce neurodegeneration.This review article explores the processes involved in the biosynthesis of essential pigments in fruits,emphasizing their biological significance and various applications,including effects on human health and economic value.Understanding these mechanisms can improve the color and quality of fruits,resulting in high consumer acceptance and higher market demand.The numerous benefits of plant pigments have sparked growing interest in incorporating them into our food.However,in-depth research is required to explore the biological significance of fruit pigments,as well as their role in human food and nutrition.Studies have shown that these bioactive compounds can help prevent and manage chronic degenerative diseases.Further research is necessary in both fundamental and applied areas to enhance pigment levels in fruit to a degree sufficient for disease prevention.Comprehensive research into the genetic regulation of pigment biosynthesis could illuminate pathways for enhancing pigmentation through genetic engineering or traditional breeding methods.Genome editing technologies like CRISPR could be employed to improve specific pathways related to pigment biosynthesis in fruits.Further promising opportunities for the application of these pigments beyond the food industry should be investigated,focusing on their potential contributions in cosmetics,textiles,medicine,agriculture,and other sectors.展开更多
The emission wavelength of current near-infrared phosphors activated by Cr^(3+)is generally smaller than 900 nm in near-infrared(NIR)Ⅰ region,and it is extremely challenging and is of great practical significance to ...The emission wavelength of current near-infrared phosphors activated by Cr^(3+)is generally smaller than 900 nm in near-infrared(NIR)Ⅰ region,and it is extremely challenging and is of great practical significance to realize emission towards NIR-Ⅱ region.In this study,a novel Cr^(3+)excited KSrScSi_(2)O_(7)silicate broad-band phosphor was prepared using the traditional solid-state method.Cr^(3+)resides in a weak crystal field in the KSrScSi_(2)O_(7)lattice and exhibits broad-band near-infrared emission at 984 nm,longer than those of most Cr^(3+)activated phosphors,under 493 nm blue light excitation.This is due to the stro ng charge polarization caused by the unique local coordination environment of the silicate matrix,which leads to a reduction in the crystal field splitting energy of the[ScO_(6)]octahedron where Cr^(3+)is located and the downward shift of the^(4)T_(2)energy level.The optimal doping concentration of Cr^(3+)is found to be 2 mol%,and the quenching mechanism is dipole-dipole interaction.Compared to the phosphors with similar emission wavelengths(λ_(em)>900 nm),KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):Cr^(3+)demonstrates outstanding advantages in various aspects of luminescent performance.The fabricated phosphor-converted light-emitting diode(pc-LED)is shown to have the potential for night vision and non-invasive imaging.Novel application of KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):xCr^(3+)as stable green ceramic pigments is also explored.The KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):xCr^(3+)powders show a bright yellowish green appearance,and the KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):0.02Cr^(3+)typical composition has chromaticity values of L^(*)=82.73,a^(*)=-8.53,b^(*)=7.97.Remarkably,the glazing samples using KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):xCr^(3+)as pigments well retain the bright color after 1200℃sintering in different atmospheres.Therefore,multifunctional applications of KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):xCr^(3+)for near-infrared spectroscopy and as ceramic pigments are achieved in this work.展开更多
The giant triton snail Charonia tritonis is a marine large carnivorous gastropoda inhabiting in the Indo-Pacific Ocean.Their splendid and highly organized Charonia tritonis shells are attractive;however few studies ha...The giant triton snail Charonia tritonis is a marine large carnivorous gastropoda inhabiting in the Indo-Pacific Ocean.Their splendid and highly organized Charonia tritonis shells are attractive;however few studies have been conducted on shell ultra-structure and pigmentation.The arrangements of crossed-lamellar structures were distinctive for the giant triton snail shell,showing three layers of mineral structures in the cross-section.The 1st-order and 2nd-order lamellae of the shell were around 10-20μm and the crystals in outer layers intersected at right angles in this species.They were identified as aragonite crystals by Raman scattering,and granular organic matrix were attached to the aragonite mineral phase closely.Furthermore,the dominant Raman spectra from polyene pigments in the shell were characterized at wavenumbers of 1123 cm^(-1)and 1504 cm^(-1),assigned to stretching vibrations of carbon-carbon single(C-C)and double(C=C)bonds,and the polyene chain was confirmed with 11-12 C-C bonds and 12-13 conju-gated C=C bonds.The research will lay a foundation for exploring the relationship between the calcareous shell and the formation of shell color in the giant triton snail.展开更多
Four kinds of iron oxide pigments were added into wood-fiber/high-density-polyethylene composites （WF/HDPE） at three different concentrations, to determine the effects of pigments on the changes in the color and mec...Four kinds of iron oxide pigments were added into wood-fiber/high-density-polyethylene composites （WF/HDPE） at three different concentrations, to determine the effects of pigments on the changes in the color and mechanical properties of the composites before and after UV accelerated weathering. HDPE, wood fibers, pigments and other processing additives were dry-mixed in a high-speed mixer. The mixtures were extruded by two-step extrusion process with a self-designed twin-screw/single-screw extruder system. Color of the samples was determined according to CIE 1976 L^＊a^＊b^＊ system by a spec- trophotometer and the bending properties were tested to evaluate the mechanical properties before and after accelerated UV weathering. The result shows that the modulus of elasticity of WF/HDPE did not obvi- ously changed after incorporating with the pigments, but the bending strength increased. After accelerated aging for 2000 h, both color and mechanical properties significantly changed. Iron oxide red and black performed better than the other two pigments, and the pigments dosage of 2.28% in the composites is favourable.展开更多
Linear dichroism (LD) spectroscopy is an important technique in the study of the orientation and organization of pigments in the photosynthetic membrane complexes in vivo and in vitro . In this work, the orient...Linear dichroism (LD) spectroscopy is an important technique in the study of the orientation and organization of pigments in the photosynthetic membrane complexes in vivo and in vitro . In this work, the orientation of the pigments in the isolated photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) sub_core reaction center complexes was analyzed and characterized by means of low temperature absorption and LD spectroscopy. The preparations containing different amounts of CP47 isolated from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplast were used in order to investigate the orientation of pigments in the PSⅡ sub_core CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 (CP47/D1/D2) complexes. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) absorbing at 680 nm in CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 complex showed an orientation of the Q y transition parallel to the membrane plane. It is proposed that there are two forms of β_carotene (β_Car) in CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 complex, denoted as β_Car (Ⅰ) and β_Car (Ⅱ), with different orientations, β_Car (Ⅰ) at 470 and 505 nm is roughly parallel to the membrane plane, and β_Car (Ⅱ) at 460 and 490 nm seems to be perpendicular orientation. Upon the photoinhibitory experiment β_Car (Ⅱ) was found to be photosensitive and easily photodamaged. It also showed that the positive LD signal observed at 680 nm was quite complicated. This signal is tentatively attributed to P680 and some Chl a of antenna in CP47 protein based upon our measurements.展开更多
The performance of local clay-titanium dioxide core-shell extender pigments in alkyd paints has been studied. The physico-mechanical properties of the prepared alkyd paints were evaluated according to ASTM measurement...The performance of local clay-titanium dioxide core-shell extender pigments in alkyd paints has been studied. The physico-mechanical properties of the prepared alkyd paints were evaluated according to ASTM measurements. The effects of various environmental and corrosive factors on the paints were also studied. The study showed that the alkyd paint samples formulated using the core-shell pigments generally had low specific gravity (1.30 – 1.38), an indication that more of the core-shell pigments can be incorporated into the alkyd paints with considerable cost savings. The dry film thicknesses of the paint samples falls within 0.24 - 0.39 mm, suggesting that the samples will perform well as anticorrosive coatings and their adhesion properties are generally good, showing that they can withstand abrasive and corrosive agents. The core-shell extender pigments formulated paint samples were observed to exhibit the best dust-free, tack-free, and through dry times compared to TiO<sub>2</sub> paint formulation. The formulated paint samples generally performed well on exposure to rain and sunlight as well as in distilled water, 2% Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, and 2% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> with only TiO<sub>2</sub> paint formulation exhibiting rust. The good paint performance characteristics obtainable with the core-shell extender pigments are enough evidence to justify their utilization in the surface coatings industry. The performances of these core-shell extender pigments in alkyd paints have shown that they combine the properties of both the clays and titanium dioxide, and have the potential to overcome their disadvantages.展开更多
In order to reduce greenhouse gas emission and urban heat island mitigation, pure and titanium（Ti）-doped Cr2O3 cool pigments were prepared via the thermal decomposition of CrOOH. The result reveals that the pure Cr2...In order to reduce greenhouse gas emission and urban heat island mitigation, pure and titanium（Ti）-doped Cr2O3 cool pigments were prepared via the thermal decomposition of CrOOH. The result reveals that the pure Cr2O3 pigment presents both a high near-infrared reflectance and excellent yellowish-green color. Meanwhile, titanium was doped to improve the NIR reflectance and strengthen the color. The color of the designed pigments was brighter, and most importantly, the NIR reflectance increased from 84.04% to 91.25% with increasing Ti content from 0 to 0.006% （mole fraction）. However, excessive doping of Ti4＋ for Cr3＋ in Cr2O3 （x（Ti）≥0.008%） decreased the NIR reflectance. One possible reason is that the conductivity type of the Cr2？xTixO3＋δ changed from p-type conduction to n-type conduction with increasing Ti content, accompanied by the change of the electrical resistivity and the NIR reflectance. The prepared yellowish-green Cr2O3 pigments have a great potential for extensive applications in construction and military.展开更多
Effect of fertilizer source （mineral fertilizer or organic manure） on photosynthetic pigments leaves content of four brassica vegetables （Pak choi, Kohlrabi, Cauliflower and Cabbage） was tested. Among treatments, ...Effect of fertilizer source （mineral fertilizer or organic manure） on photosynthetic pigments leaves content of four brassica vegetables （Pak choi, Kohlrabi, Cauliflower and Cabbage） was tested. Among treatments, cauliflower fertilized with chicken manure had the highest content of chlorophyll a and b （10.08 and 9.37 μm·g^-1）, while, pak choi had the lowest values （2.00 and 2.44 μm·g^-1） in non-fertilized plants. These differences in chlorophyll a and b content may have a great impact on photosynthetic rate and activity. Total carotenoids and total xanthophylls （lutein, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin and violaxanthin） were the highest in cauliflower while the lowest was in pakchoi, β-carotene, on the other hand, was the highest percentage of total carotenoids （65.7%） in pak choi while Kohlrabi had the lowest percent （57.4%）. This high percentage offl-carotene of total carotenoids may compensate for lower content of chlorophylls and assist for efficient light harvesting process. Lutein showed to be the major components of xanthophyll pigments brassica vegetables and ranged from 0.462μm·g^-1 in cabbage to 0.626μm·g^-1 in kohlrabi but not differed significantly which may refer to genetically controlled. However, lutein, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin content were increased significantly by the application of chicken manure regardless ofbrassica vegetable type. Violaxanthin was only detected in pak choi and not affected by fertilizer source. It can be concluding from the increasing contents of total xanthophylls pigments that may increase photosynthetic efficiency through non-photochemical quenching process.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed at investigating the influence of enhanced UV-B radiation on photosynthesis of grapevine.[Method] The seedlings of Cabernet sauvignon were treated with different intensities of UV-B radiati...[Objective] The study aimed at investigating the influence of enhanced UV-B radiation on photosynthesis of grapevine.[Method] The seedlings of Cabernet sauvignon were treated with different intensities of UV-B radiation under outdoor conditions,and then the contents of photosynthetic pigments and flavonoids in leaves were determined by measuring the absorbance of leaves extracts at 663,645,470 and 300 nm,respectively.[Result] The content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of grapevine obviously increased with time under the treatments of different enhanced UV-B radiation.Compared with the control,the chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll and carotenoid were obviously increased by 5%,2%,4% and 3% in the enhanced UV-B radiation treatment of 10.8 μW/cm2（T1）,and in the treatment of 25.6 μW/cm2（T2） the corresponding levels were subsequently increased by 11%,9%,10% and 7% with a significant increase in the content of chlorophyll a.On the other hand,the flavonoids content in the leaves of grapevine were obviously increased by 13%,9% in T1 and T2.[Conclusion] The grapevine has strong adaptability to UV-B radiation,and appropriate enhanced UV-B radiation couldn＇t decrease the photosynthesis of grapevine leaves.展开更多
The effects of different cadmium(Cd)concentrations(0,20,60,and 100μmol/L)on hydroponically grown Artemisia annua L.were investigated.Cd treatments applied for 0,4,12,24,72,144,216,and 336 hr were assessed by measurin...The effects of different cadmium(Cd)concentrations(0,20,60,and 100μmol/L)on hydroponically grown Artemisia annua L.were investigated.Cd treatments applied for 0,4,12,24,72,144,216,and 336 hr were assessed by measuring the changes in photosynthetic pigments,electrolyte leakage,malondialdehyde(MDA)and antioxidants(ascorbic acid and glutathione),while the artemisinin content was tested after 0,12,144,216,and 336 hr.A significant decrease was observed in photosynthetic pigment levels over time with increasing Cd concentration.Chlorophyll b levels were more affected by Cd than were chlorophyll a or carotenoid levels.The cell membrane was sensitive to Cd stress,as MDA content in all treatment groups showed insignificant differences from the control group,except at 12 hr treatment time.Ascorbic acid(AsA)content changed slightly over time,while glutathione(GSH)content took less time to reach a maximum as Cd concentration increased.Cd was found to promote synthesis and accumulation of artemisinin,especially at concentrations of 20 and 100~tmol/L.In conclusion,Cd stress can damage to photosynthetic pigments,and vigorously growing A.annua showed a strong tolerance for Cd stress.Appropriate amounts of added Cd aided synthesis and accumulation of artemisinin.展开更多
Understanding the feeding selectivity on phytoplankton by shellfi sh is currently a big challenge. In order to investigate the feeding behavior of bay scallop ( Argopecten irradians ) on phytoplankton, we compared its...Understanding the feeding selectivity on phytoplankton by shellfi sh is currently a big challenge. In order to investigate the feeding behavior of bay scallop ( Argopecten irradians ) on phytoplankton, we compared its compositions of phytopigments in digestive glands with those in the surrounding seawater, and conducted fi ve consecutive investigations between July and November 2016 in a bay scallop culture area along coast of Qinghuangdao City, northwest of the Bohai Sea, China. Phytopigments in four-size fractionated phytoplankton of seawater (micro-(20-200 μm);nano(L)-[10-20 μm];nano(S)-[2.7-10 μm], and pico-[<2.7 μm]) and digestive glands of A . irradians were examined to investigate the selective feeding of A . irradians . Results show that fucoxanthin and peridinin constituted the major part of taxonomically diagnostic carotenoids (TDCs) in the micro- and nano(L)-phytoplankton in seawater. Compared with total phytoplankton biomass of seawater (TPB, sum of the four sizes), a substantial decrease of fucoxanthin proportion to total DCs in digestive glands was observed while that of peridinin, 19′-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, alloxanthin and 19′-hexanoyloxy-fucoxanthin showed an obvious increase when those pigments were mainly confi ned to micro-sized phytoplankton (20-200 μm). However, zeaxanthin and prasinoxanthin were mainly confi ned to nano(s)- and pico-phytoplankton, of which the proportions in digestive glands were usually lower in TPB. The contribution of lutein to total DCs in digestive glands (with an average of 7.23%) increased compared with TPB of seawater (with an average of 0.63%) during all fi ve sampling times.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to isolate a prodigiosin producing strain and study its pigment fractions.[Method] Red pigment-producing bacteria was identified by physiological and biochemical characteristics after isolation...[Objective] The aim was to isolate a prodigiosin producing strain and study its pigment fractions.[Method] Red pigment-producing bacteria was identified by physiological and biochemical characteristics after isolation in plate.By using column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography,pigment fractions were separated and purified from the extractives of the strain after fermentation in flask,and then pigment fractions were analyzed via UV-Vis and LC/MS.[Result] A red pigment-producing Serratia marcescens strain NS-17 sampled from soil of Nanchang was isolated and identified.2 pigment fractions showing similar UV-Vis and LC/MS characters were separated and purified,the characters of fraction 1 were identical to those of prodigiosin,while fraction 2 showed a special UV-Vis absorption spectrum that had not been reported.[Conclusion] A prodigiosin-producing Serratia marcescens strain NS-17 and its 2 pigment fractions were isolated.展开更多
Seasonal meltwater input creates a thin freshen layer in surface seawater under ice, which largely shifts the algae assemblages. Our recent observation of photosynthetic pigments in the high Arctic showed that ice bot...Seasonal meltwater input creates a thin freshen layer in surface seawater under ice, which largely shifts the algae assemblages. Our recent observation of photosynthetic pigments in the high Arctic showed that ice bottom and 5 m of seawater under ice contained relatively high concentration of fucoxanthin, while chlorophyll b and lutein were the major diagnostic pigments in ice-water interface and 0 m of seawater under ice. Additionally, a notable change of dominant phytoplankton occurred in the top 5 m of seawater under ice, from chlorophytes-dominated at surface to diatoms-dominated at 5 m depth, which might attribute to the sharp salinity gradient （salinity from 12.5 to 28.1） in the surface seawater under ice. Our results imply that phytoplankton community in surface layer under ice would become more chlorophytes in the future warming Arctic Ocean.展开更多
Nowadays 80%of scandium in China is obtained from titanium pigments production waste through a complex purification process.The study mainly focused on the purification of Sc from its concentrate generated from titani...Nowadays 80%of scandium in China is obtained from titanium pigments production waste through a complex purification process.The study mainly focused on the purification of Sc from its concentrate generated from titanium pigments production waste by solvent extraction.Several extractants have been tried and 10%D_(2)EHPA-5%TBP-85%sulfonated kerosene exhibited the best extraction performance towards Sc in 7 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)solution,so it was selected as the oil phase.0.5%of H_(2)O_(2)was added into the concentrated solution which can effectively inhibit the extraction of Ti.Both the extraction and back extraction parameters are optimized.The preferred extraction conditions were obtained,i.e.,acidity:7 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4),the phase ratio A/O:10,room temperature,mixed contact time:30 min,Sc concentrate:10 g/L,that the extraction rate of Sc in the above conditions was nearly 100%.NaOH was used for back extraction with the stripping rate 99%on the following conditions:5 mol/L NaOH stripping for 30 min at a phase ratio A/O:1 at 90℃.Finally,H_(2)C_(2)O_(4)was used to further purify the back extraction product and Sc_(2)(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)precipitant fo rmed.The final product Sc_(2)O_(3)with a purity over 99.5%was obtained by calcining Sc_(2)(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)at 1000℃for 2 h.A conceptual process for Sc purification was put forward and proved.The total recovery yield of Sc in the whole process is 95%.展开更多
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of photosynthetic pigments in samples from Western Xiamen Bay and the Jiulong River Estuary showed that their major carotenoids were fucoxanthin, peridinin, zeaxa...High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of photosynthetic pigments in samples from Western Xiamen Bay and the Jiulong River Estuary showed that their major carotenoids were fucoxanthin, peridinin, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin, and diadinoxanthin. Diatoms dominated in the spring bloom, dinoflagellates in summer. Violaxanthin and chlorophyll b indicated the appearance of chrysophytes and green algae, most of which were freshwater species. The high phytoplankton biomass region was located at the inner part of the bay. Diatoms and dinoflagellates dominated phytoplankton communities, contributing to over 50% of total biomass. All the main diagnostic carotenoids were significantly (P<0.01) correlated negatively to dissolved inorganic phosphorus, suggesting that they were limited by phosphorus. The high negative linear relationship (P<0.0001) between dissolved inorganic phosphorus and peridinin (dinoflagellates indicator) implied the potential of dissolved inorganic phosphorus for triggering red tide events in this region.展开更多
Light is an important parameter in algal culturing.In this work,the effects of different light qualities on growth of the marine diatom Chaetoceros gracilis are evaluated.The cells were cultured under light quantum fl...Light is an important parameter in algal culturing.In this work,the effects of different light qualities on growth of the marine diatom Chaetoceros gracilis are evaluated.The cells were cultured under light quantum flux density of 60μmol photons/(m2·s)with nine light qualities:LED red light(LR),LED blue light(LB),LED red plus LED blue light(LR+LB),LED white light(LW),fluorescent white light(FW),and combinations of LW and FW lights with increased proportions of red or blue light(FW+LR,FW+LB,LW+LR,and LW+LB).Blue light promoted the growth of C.gracilis largely.Three light qualities,FW+LR,LW+LR,and LR,resulted in the lowest growth rate.Both chlorophyll and carotenoids reached the highest level under LB and the lowest level under LR among monochromatic light sources;however,increasing of the proportion of blue or red light in the white light induced an increase of the chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations.Light absorption ability of microalgae was critical for the growth of these organisms,as we observed a positive correlation between the extinction coefficient at different wavelengths and the specific growth rate.These findings are of importance to improve the culturing of this alga in bioreactors.展开更多
In this paper,the photocatalytic activity of industrial titanium dioxide(TiO2)based nacreous pigments was researched as functional building materials for photocatalytic NO remove.Three industrial TiO2 based nacreous p...In this paper,the photocatalytic activity of industrial titanium dioxide(TiO2)based nacreous pigments was researched as functional building materials for photocatalytic NO remove.Three industrial TiO2 based nacreous pigments were selected to estimate the photocatalytic activity for NO remove.This study is a good proof that pearlescent pigments can eliminate NO,and its performance is positively correlated with its titanium dioxide content.And this research will widen the application of nacreous pigments in functional building materials,and provide a new way to eliminate in door nitric oxide pollution.展开更多
This paper aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of cadmium on growth rates, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic performance, biochemical parameters and structure of chloroplasts in G. domingen...This paper aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of cadmium on growth rates, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic performance, biochemical parameters and structure of chloroplasts in G. domingensis. To accomplish this, apical segments of G. domingensis were cultivated with different concentrations of cadmium, ranging from 100 to 300 μM, over a period of 16 days, and were processed for transmission electron microscopy analysis. The plants exposed to cadmium showed chloroplast alteration, especially degeneration of thylakoids and a decrease in the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a and phycobiliproteins. However, the volume of plastoglobuli increased. As a defense mechanism, the plants treated with cadmium showed an increase in glutathione reductase activity. These results agree with the decreased photosynthetic performance and relative electron transport rate observed after exposure of algae to cadmium. Taken together, these findings strongly indicate that cadmium negatively affects the ultrastructure and metabolism of the agarophyte G. domingensis, thus posing a threat to the economic vitality of this red macroalga.展开更多
Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is an important source of edible vegetable oil and feed protein;however,seed pigments affect the quality of rapeseed oil and the feed value of the residue from oil pressing.Here,we used a po...Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is an important source of edible vegetable oil and feed protein;however,seed pigments affect the quality of rapeseed oil and the feed value of the residue from oil pressing.Here,we used a population of rapeseed recombinant inbred lines(RILs)derived from the black-seeded male parent cultivar Zhongyou 821 and the yellow-seeded female parent line GH06 to map candidate genes controlling seed pigments in embryos and the seed coat.We detected 94 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for seed pigments(44 for embryos and 50 for seed coat),distributed over 15 of the 19 rapeseed chromosomes.These included 28 QTLs for anthocyanidin content,explaining 2.41–44.66% of phenotypic variation;24 QTLs for flavonoid content,explaining 2.41–20.26% of phenotypic variation;16 QTLs for total phenol content,accounting for 2.74–23.68% of phenotypic variation;and 26 QTLs for melanin content,accounting for 2.37–24.82% of phenotypic variation,indicating that these traits are under multigenic control.Consensus regions on chromosomes A06,A09 and C08 were associated with multiple seed pigment traits,including 15,19 and 10 QTLs,respectively,most of which were major QTLs explaining>10% of the phenotypic variation.Based on the annotation of the B.napus"Darmor-bzh"reference genome,67 candidate genes were predicted from these consensus QTLs regions,and 12 candidate genes were identified as potentially involved in pigment accumulation by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis.These preliminary results provide insight into the genetic architecture of pigment biosynthesis and lay a foundation for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying seed coat color in B.napus.展开更多
The Hansen solubility parameters(HSP)are frequently used for solvent selection and characterization of polymers,and are directly related to the suspension behavior of pigments in solvent mixtures.The performance of cu...The Hansen solubility parameters(HSP)are frequently used for solvent selection and characterization of polymers,and are directly related to the suspension behavior of pigments in solvent mixtures.The performance of currently available group contribution(GC)methods for HSP were evaluated and found to be insufficient for computer-aided product design(CAPD)of paints and coatings.A revised and,for this purpose,improved GC method is presented for estimating HSP of organic compounds,intended for organic pigments.Due to the significant limitations of GC methods,an uncertainty analysis and parameter confidence intervals are provided in order to better quantify the estimation accuracy of the proposed approach.Compared to other applicable GC methods,the prediction error is reduced significantly with average absolute errors of 0.45 MPa^(1/2),1.35 MPa^(1/2),and 1.09 MPa^(1/2) for the partial dispersion(δD),polar(δP)and hydrogen-bonding(δH)solubility parameters respectively for a database of 1106 compounds.The performance for organic pigments is comparable to the overall method performance,with higher average errors forδD and lower average errors forδP andδH.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD2200600)Hebei Province Key R&D Program(21326304D)+2 种基金Hebei Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(HBCT2024190201)Hebei Provincial Program(HBCT2024190201)China Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-30-2-53007).
文摘Plant pigments have a vital role in plant pollination,aesthetic appeal,and quality of the fruit.Naturally occurring major plant pigments include anthocyanins,carotenoids,and chlorophyll.In addition to their coloration,these pigments possess additional beneficial properties,which is why they are often referred to as bioactive compounds.Moreover,they exhibit strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.The pigments,particularly beta-carotene(a precursor to vitamin A),a type of carotenoid,are crucial for maintaining good vision.They can help reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration and improve overall eye health.The antioxidants found in fruit pigments may improve cognitive function and reduce neurodegeneration.This review article explores the processes involved in the biosynthesis of essential pigments in fruits,emphasizing their biological significance and various applications,including effects on human health and economic value.Understanding these mechanisms can improve the color and quality of fruits,resulting in high consumer acceptance and higher market demand.The numerous benefits of plant pigments have sparked growing interest in incorporating them into our food.However,in-depth research is required to explore the biological significance of fruit pigments,as well as their role in human food and nutrition.Studies have shown that these bioactive compounds can help prevent and manage chronic degenerative diseases.Further research is necessary in both fundamental and applied areas to enhance pigment levels in fruit to a degree sufficient for disease prevention.Comprehensive research into the genetic regulation of pigment biosynthesis could illuminate pathways for enhancing pigmentation through genetic engineering or traditional breeding methods.Genome editing technologies like CRISPR could be employed to improve specific pathways related to pigment biosynthesis in fruits.Further promising opportunities for the application of these pigments beyond the food industry should be investigated,focusing on their potential contributions in cosmetics,textiles,medicine,agriculture,and other sectors.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of The Educational Department of Liaoning Province(JYTMS20231627)。
文摘The emission wavelength of current near-infrared phosphors activated by Cr^(3+)is generally smaller than 900 nm in near-infrared(NIR)Ⅰ region,and it is extremely challenging and is of great practical significance to realize emission towards NIR-Ⅱ region.In this study,a novel Cr^(3+)excited KSrScSi_(2)O_(7)silicate broad-band phosphor was prepared using the traditional solid-state method.Cr^(3+)resides in a weak crystal field in the KSrScSi_(2)O_(7)lattice and exhibits broad-band near-infrared emission at 984 nm,longer than those of most Cr^(3+)activated phosphors,under 493 nm blue light excitation.This is due to the stro ng charge polarization caused by the unique local coordination environment of the silicate matrix,which leads to a reduction in the crystal field splitting energy of the[ScO_(6)]octahedron where Cr^(3+)is located and the downward shift of the^(4)T_(2)energy level.The optimal doping concentration of Cr^(3+)is found to be 2 mol%,and the quenching mechanism is dipole-dipole interaction.Compared to the phosphors with similar emission wavelengths(λ_(em)>900 nm),KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):Cr^(3+)demonstrates outstanding advantages in various aspects of luminescent performance.The fabricated phosphor-converted light-emitting diode(pc-LED)is shown to have the potential for night vision and non-invasive imaging.Novel application of KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):xCr^(3+)as stable green ceramic pigments is also explored.The KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):xCr^(3+)powders show a bright yellowish green appearance,and the KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):0.02Cr^(3+)typical composition has chromaticity values of L^(*)=82.73,a^(*)=-8.53,b^(*)=7.97.Remarkably,the glazing samples using KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):xCr^(3+)as pigments well retain the bright color after 1200℃sintering in different atmospheres.Therefore,multifunctional applications of KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):xCr^(3+)for near-infrared spectroscopy and as ceramic pigments are achieved in this work.
基金funded by the Guangzhou Sci-ence and Technology Project(No.201803020017).
文摘The giant triton snail Charonia tritonis is a marine large carnivorous gastropoda inhabiting in the Indo-Pacific Ocean.Their splendid and highly organized Charonia tritonis shells are attractive;however few studies have been conducted on shell ultra-structure and pigmentation.The arrangements of crossed-lamellar structures were distinctive for the giant triton snail shell,showing three layers of mineral structures in the cross-section.The 1st-order and 2nd-order lamellae of the shell were around 10-20μm and the crystals in outer layers intersected at right angles in this species.They were identified as aragonite crystals by Raman scattering,and granular organic matrix were attached to the aragonite mineral phase closely.Furthermore,the dominant Raman spectra from polyene pigments in the shell were characterized at wavenumbers of 1123 cm^(-1)and 1504 cm^(-1),assigned to stretching vibrations of carbon-carbon single(C-C)and double(C=C)bonds,and the polyene chain was confirmed with 11-12 C-C bonds and 12-13 conju-gated C=C bonds.The research will lay a foundation for exploring the relationship between the calcareous shell and the formation of shell color in the giant triton snail.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30671644, 30771680)
文摘Four kinds of iron oxide pigments were added into wood-fiber/high-density-polyethylene composites （WF/HDPE） at three different concentrations, to determine the effects of pigments on the changes in the color and mechanical properties of the composites before and after UV accelerated weathering. HDPE, wood fibers, pigments and other processing additives were dry-mixed in a high-speed mixer. The mixtures were extruded by two-step extrusion process with a self-designed twin-screw/single-screw extruder system. Color of the samples was determined according to CIE 1976 L^＊a^＊b^＊ system by a spec- trophotometer and the bending properties were tested to evaluate the mechanical properties before and after accelerated UV weathering. The result shows that the modulus of elasticity of WF/HDPE did not obvi- ously changed after incorporating with the pigments, but the bending strength increased. After accelerated aging for 2000 h, both color and mechanical properties significantly changed. Iron oxide red and black performed better than the other two pigments, and the pigments dosage of 2.28% in the composites is favourable.
基金Commissaire Energie de Atomique de Francethe 9th Five-Year Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(39890390)+1 种基金the State Key Basic Research Development Plan of China(973)(G1998010100)Innovation of Laboratory of Photosynthests Basic Research,Institute of Botany,The Chinese Acadeny of Sciences
文摘Linear dichroism (LD) spectroscopy is an important technique in the study of the orientation and organization of pigments in the photosynthetic membrane complexes in vivo and in vitro . In this work, the orientation of the pigments in the isolated photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) sub_core reaction center complexes was analyzed and characterized by means of low temperature absorption and LD spectroscopy. The preparations containing different amounts of CP47 isolated from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplast were used in order to investigate the orientation of pigments in the PSⅡ sub_core CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 (CP47/D1/D2) complexes. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) absorbing at 680 nm in CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 complex showed an orientation of the Q y transition parallel to the membrane plane. It is proposed that there are two forms of β_carotene (β_Car) in CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 complex, denoted as β_Car (Ⅰ) and β_Car (Ⅱ), with different orientations, β_Car (Ⅰ) at 470 and 505 nm is roughly parallel to the membrane plane, and β_Car (Ⅱ) at 460 and 490 nm seems to be perpendicular orientation. Upon the photoinhibitory experiment β_Car (Ⅱ) was found to be photosensitive and easily photodamaged. It also showed that the positive LD signal observed at 680 nm was quite complicated. This signal is tentatively attributed to P680 and some Chl a of antenna in CP47 protein based upon our measurements.
文摘The performance of local clay-titanium dioxide core-shell extender pigments in alkyd paints has been studied. The physico-mechanical properties of the prepared alkyd paints were evaluated according to ASTM measurements. The effects of various environmental and corrosive factors on the paints were also studied. The study showed that the alkyd paint samples formulated using the core-shell pigments generally had low specific gravity (1.30 – 1.38), an indication that more of the core-shell pigments can be incorporated into the alkyd paints with considerable cost savings. The dry film thicknesses of the paint samples falls within 0.24 - 0.39 mm, suggesting that the samples will perform well as anticorrosive coatings and their adhesion properties are generally good, showing that they can withstand abrasive and corrosive agents. The core-shell extender pigments formulated paint samples were observed to exhibit the best dust-free, tack-free, and through dry times compared to TiO<sub>2</sub> paint formulation. The formulated paint samples generally performed well on exposure to rain and sunlight as well as in distilled water, 2% Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, and 2% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> with only TiO<sub>2</sub> paint formulation exhibiting rust. The good paint performance characteristics obtainable with the core-shell extender pigments are enough evidence to justify their utilization in the surface coatings industry. The performances of these core-shell extender pigments in alkyd paints have shown that they combine the properties of both the clays and titanium dioxide, and have the potential to overcome their disadvantages.
基金Project(11204304)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013CB632600)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(2011AA060702)supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘In order to reduce greenhouse gas emission and urban heat island mitigation, pure and titanium（Ti）-doped Cr2O3 cool pigments were prepared via the thermal decomposition of CrOOH. The result reveals that the pure Cr2O3 pigment presents both a high near-infrared reflectance and excellent yellowish-green color. Meanwhile, titanium was doped to improve the NIR reflectance and strengthen the color. The color of the designed pigments was brighter, and most importantly, the NIR reflectance increased from 84.04% to 91.25% with increasing Ti content from 0 to 0.006% （mole fraction）. However, excessive doping of Ti4＋ for Cr3＋ in Cr2O3 （x（Ti）≥0.008%） decreased the NIR reflectance. One possible reason is that the conductivity type of the Cr2？xTixO3＋δ changed from p-type conduction to n-type conduction with increasing Ti content, accompanied by the change of the electrical resistivity and the NIR reflectance. The prepared yellowish-green Cr2O3 pigments have a great potential for extensive applications in construction and military.
文摘Effect of fertilizer source （mineral fertilizer or organic manure） on photosynthetic pigments leaves content of four brassica vegetables （Pak choi, Kohlrabi, Cauliflower and Cabbage） was tested. Among treatments, cauliflower fertilized with chicken manure had the highest content of chlorophyll a and b （10.08 and 9.37 μm·g^-1）, while, pak choi had the lowest values （2.00 and 2.44 μm·g^-1） in non-fertilized plants. These differences in chlorophyll a and b content may have a great impact on photosynthetic rate and activity. Total carotenoids and total xanthophylls （lutein, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin and violaxanthin） were the highest in cauliflower while the lowest was in pakchoi, β-carotene, on the other hand, was the highest percentage of total carotenoids （65.7%） in pak choi while Kohlrabi had the lowest percent （57.4%）. This high percentage offl-carotene of total carotenoids may compensate for lower content of chlorophylls and assist for efficient light harvesting process. Lutein showed to be the major components of xanthophyll pigments brassica vegetables and ranged from 0.462μm·g^-1 in cabbage to 0.626μm·g^-1 in kohlrabi but not differed significantly which may refer to genetically controlled. However, lutein, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin content were increased significantly by the application of chicken manure regardless ofbrassica vegetable type. Violaxanthin was only detected in pak choi and not affected by fertilizer source. It can be concluding from the increasing contents of total xanthophylls pigments that may increase photosynthetic efficiency through non-photochemical quenching process.
文摘[Objective] The study aimed at investigating the influence of enhanced UV-B radiation on photosynthesis of grapevine.[Method] The seedlings of Cabernet sauvignon were treated with different intensities of UV-B radiation under outdoor conditions,and then the contents of photosynthetic pigments and flavonoids in leaves were determined by measuring the absorbance of leaves extracts at 663,645,470 and 300 nm,respectively.[Result] The content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of grapevine obviously increased with time under the treatments of different enhanced UV-B radiation.Compared with the control,the chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll and carotenoid were obviously increased by 5%,2%,4% and 3% in the enhanced UV-B radiation treatment of 10.8 μW/cm2（T1）,and in the treatment of 25.6 μW/cm2（T2） the corresponding levels were subsequently increased by 11%,9%,10% and 7% with a significant increase in the content of chlorophyll a.On the other hand,the flavonoids content in the leaves of grapevine were obviously increased by 13%,9% in T1 and T2.[Conclusion] The grapevine has strong adaptability to UV-B radiation,and appropriate enhanced UV-B radiation couldn＇t decrease the photosynthesis of grapevine leaves.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81130070,81072989)the Research Projects of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China(No.201107009)+1 种基金the Important National Science&Technology Specific Projects(No.2009ZX09502-026,2009ZX09301-005)the Research Projects of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.ZZ20090302)
文摘The effects of different cadmium(Cd)concentrations(0,20,60,and 100μmol/L)on hydroponically grown Artemisia annua L.were investigated.Cd treatments applied for 0,4,12,24,72,144,216,and 336 hr were assessed by measuring the changes in photosynthetic pigments,electrolyte leakage,malondialdehyde(MDA)and antioxidants(ascorbic acid and glutathione),while the artemisinin content was tested after 0,12,144,216,and 336 hr.A significant decrease was observed in photosynthetic pigment levels over time with increasing Cd concentration.Chlorophyll b levels were more affected by Cd than were chlorophyll a or carotenoid levels.The cell membrane was sensitive to Cd stress,as MDA content in all treatment groups showed insignificant differences from the control group,except at 12 hr treatment time.Ascorbic acid(AsA)content changed slightly over time,while glutathione(GSH)content took less time to reach a maximum as Cd concentration increased.Cd was found to promote synthesis and accumulation of artemisinin,especially at concentrations of 20 and 100~tmol/L.In conclusion,Cd stress can damage to photosynthetic pigments,and vigorously growing A.annua showed a strong tolerance for Cd stress.Appropriate amounts of added Cd aided synthesis and accumulation of artemisinin.
基金Supported by the Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Program(No.2016ASKJ02)the Central Publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,YSFRI,CAFS(No.20603022018002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41676103,41476098)
文摘Understanding the feeding selectivity on phytoplankton by shellfi sh is currently a big challenge. In order to investigate the feeding behavior of bay scallop ( Argopecten irradians ) on phytoplankton, we compared its compositions of phytopigments in digestive glands with those in the surrounding seawater, and conducted fi ve consecutive investigations between July and November 2016 in a bay scallop culture area along coast of Qinghuangdao City, northwest of the Bohai Sea, China. Phytopigments in four-size fractionated phytoplankton of seawater (micro-(20-200 μm);nano(L)-[10-20 μm];nano(S)-[2.7-10 μm], and pico-[<2.7 μm]) and digestive glands of A . irradians were examined to investigate the selective feeding of A . irradians . Results show that fucoxanthin and peridinin constituted the major part of taxonomically diagnostic carotenoids (TDCs) in the micro- and nano(L)-phytoplankton in seawater. Compared with total phytoplankton biomass of seawater (TPB, sum of the four sizes), a substantial decrease of fucoxanthin proportion to total DCs in digestive glands was observed while that of peridinin, 19′-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, alloxanthin and 19′-hexanoyloxy-fucoxanthin showed an obvious increase when those pigments were mainly confi ned to micro-sized phytoplankton (20-200 μm). However, zeaxanthin and prasinoxanthin were mainly confi ned to nano(s)- and pico-phytoplankton, of which the proportions in digestive glands were usually lower in TPB. The contribution of lutein to total DCs in digestive glands (with an average of 7.23%) increased compared with TPB of seawater (with an average of 0.63%) during all fi ve sampling times.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to isolate a prodigiosin producing strain and study its pigment fractions.[Method] Red pigment-producing bacteria was identified by physiological and biochemical characteristics after isolation in plate.By using column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography,pigment fractions were separated and purified from the extractives of the strain after fermentation in flask,and then pigment fractions were analyzed via UV-Vis and LC/MS.[Result] A red pigment-producing Serratia marcescens strain NS-17 sampled from soil of Nanchang was isolated and identified.2 pigment fractions showing similar UV-Vis and LC/MS characters were separated and purified,the characters of fraction 1 were identical to those of prodigiosin,while fraction 2 showed a special UV-Vis absorption spectrum that had not been reported.[Conclusion] A prodigiosin-producing Serratia marcescens strain NS-17 and its 2 pigment fractions were isolated.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41276198 and 41506222Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation&Assessment Programs under contract Nos Chinare-03-04 and Chinare-04-03Scientific Research Fund of Second Institute of Oceanography,SOA under contract No.JG1323
文摘Seasonal meltwater input creates a thin freshen layer in surface seawater under ice, which largely shifts the algae assemblages. Our recent observation of photosynthetic pigments in the high Arctic showed that ice bottom and 5 m of seawater under ice contained relatively high concentration of fucoxanthin, while chlorophyll b and lutein were the major diagnostic pigments in ice-water interface and 0 m of seawater under ice. Additionally, a notable change of dominant phytoplankton occurred in the top 5 m of seawater under ice, from chlorophytes-dominated at surface to diatoms-dominated at 5 m depth, which might attribute to the sharp salinity gradient （salinity from 12.5 to 28.1） in the surface seawater under ice. Our results imply that phytoplankton community in surface layer under ice would become more chlorophytes in the future warming Arctic Ocean.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11705032,11675102)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(2017GXNSFBA198175)Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi Province(AA17204100)。
文摘Nowadays 80%of scandium in China is obtained from titanium pigments production waste through a complex purification process.The study mainly focused on the purification of Sc from its concentrate generated from titanium pigments production waste by solvent extraction.Several extractants have been tried and 10%D_(2)EHPA-5%TBP-85%sulfonated kerosene exhibited the best extraction performance towards Sc in 7 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)solution,so it was selected as the oil phase.0.5%of H_(2)O_(2)was added into the concentrated solution which can effectively inhibit the extraction of Ti.Both the extraction and back extraction parameters are optimized.The preferred extraction conditions were obtained,i.e.,acidity:7 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4),the phase ratio A/O:10,room temperature,mixed contact time:30 min,Sc concentrate:10 g/L,that the extraction rate of Sc in the above conditions was nearly 100%.NaOH was used for back extraction with the stripping rate 99%on the following conditions:5 mol/L NaOH stripping for 30 min at a phase ratio A/O:1 at 90℃.Finally,H_(2)C_(2)O_(4)was used to further purify the back extraction product and Sc_(2)(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)precipitant fo rmed.The final product Sc_(2)O_(3)with a purity over 99.5%was obtained by calcining Sc_(2)(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)at 1000℃for 2 h.A conceptual process for Sc purification was put forward and proved.The total recovery yield of Sc in the whole process is 95%.
文摘High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of photosynthetic pigments in samples from Western Xiamen Bay and the Jiulong River Estuary showed that their major carotenoids were fucoxanthin, peridinin, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin, and diadinoxanthin. Diatoms dominated in the spring bloom, dinoflagellates in summer. Violaxanthin and chlorophyll b indicated the appearance of chrysophytes and green algae, most of which were freshwater species. The high phytoplankton biomass region was located at the inner part of the bay. Diatoms and dinoflagellates dominated phytoplankton communities, contributing to over 50% of total biomass. All the main diagnostic carotenoids were significantly (P<0.01) correlated negatively to dissolved inorganic phosphorus, suggesting that they were limited by phosphorus. The high negative linear relationship (P<0.0001) between dissolved inorganic phosphorus and peridinin (dinoflagellates indicator) implied the potential of dissolved inorganic phosphorus for triggering red tide events in this region.
基金Supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.ZR2017QC008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1706209)。
文摘Light is an important parameter in algal culturing.In this work,the effects of different light qualities on growth of the marine diatom Chaetoceros gracilis are evaluated.The cells were cultured under light quantum flux density of 60μmol photons/(m2·s)with nine light qualities:LED red light(LR),LED blue light(LB),LED red plus LED blue light(LR+LB),LED white light(LW),fluorescent white light(FW),and combinations of LW and FW lights with increased proportions of red or blue light(FW+LR,FW+LB,LW+LR,and LW+LB).Blue light promoted the growth of C.gracilis largely.Three light qualities,FW+LR,LW+LR,and LR,resulted in the lowest growth rate.Both chlorophyll and carotenoids reached the highest level under LB and the lowest level under LR among monochromatic light sources;however,increasing of the proportion of blue or red light in the white light induced an increase of the chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations.Light absorption ability of microalgae was critical for the growth of these organisms,as we observed a positive correlation between the extinction coefficient at different wavelengths and the specific growth rate.These findings are of importance to improve the culturing of this alga in bioreactors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51872147)the 111 Project(D20015)the Program for Innovative Research Team of Science and Technology in the Universities of Henan Province(19IRTSTHN025)。
文摘In this paper,the photocatalytic activity of industrial titanium dioxide(TiO2)based nacreous pigments was researched as functional building materials for photocatalytic NO remove.Three industrial TiO2 based nacreous pigments were selected to estimate the photocatalytic activity for NO remove.This study is a good proof that pearlescent pigments can eliminate NO,and its performance is positively correlated with its titanium dioxide content.And this research will widen the application of nacreous pigments in functional building materials,and provide a new way to eliminate in door nitric oxide pollution.
文摘This paper aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of cadmium on growth rates, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic performance, biochemical parameters and structure of chloroplasts in G. domingensis. To accomplish this, apical segments of G. domingensis were cultivated with different concentrations of cadmium, ranging from 100 to 300 μM, over a period of 16 days, and were processed for transmission electron microscopy analysis. The plants exposed to cadmium showed chloroplast alteration, especially degeneration of thylakoids and a decrease in the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a and phycobiliproteins. However, the volume of plastoglobuli increased. As a defense mechanism, the plants treated with cadmium showed an increase in glutathione reductase activity. These results agree with the decreased photosynthetic performance and relative electron transport rate observed after exposure of algae to cadmium. Taken together, these findings strongly indicate that cadmium negatively affects the ultrastructure and metabolism of the agarophyte G. domingensis, thus posing a threat to the economic vitality of this red macroalga.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830067)the Major S&T Projects on the Cultivation of New Varieties of Genetically Modified Organisms,China(2018ZX08020001)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(XDJK2020B030)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-12)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2017jcyjAX0321)the Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project,China(B12006)。
文摘Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is an important source of edible vegetable oil and feed protein;however,seed pigments affect the quality of rapeseed oil and the feed value of the residue from oil pressing.Here,we used a population of rapeseed recombinant inbred lines(RILs)derived from the black-seeded male parent cultivar Zhongyou 821 and the yellow-seeded female parent line GH06 to map candidate genes controlling seed pigments in embryos and the seed coat.We detected 94 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for seed pigments(44 for embryos and 50 for seed coat),distributed over 15 of the 19 rapeseed chromosomes.These included 28 QTLs for anthocyanidin content,explaining 2.41–44.66% of phenotypic variation;24 QTLs for flavonoid content,explaining 2.41–20.26% of phenotypic variation;16 QTLs for total phenol content,accounting for 2.74–23.68% of phenotypic variation;and 26 QTLs for melanin content,accounting for 2.37–24.82% of phenotypic variation,indicating that these traits are under multigenic control.Consensus regions on chromosomes A06,A09 and C08 were associated with multiple seed pigment traits,including 15,19 and 10 QTLs,respectively,most of which were major QTLs explaining>10% of the phenotypic variation.Based on the annotation of the B.napus"Darmor-bzh"reference genome,67 candidate genes were predicted from these consensus QTLs regions,and 12 candidate genes were identified as potentially involved in pigment accumulation by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis.These preliminary results provide insight into the genetic architecture of pigment biosynthesis and lay a foundation for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying seed coat color in B.napus.
基金Financial support from the Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research(SDC)the Hempel Foundation to CoaST(The Hempel Foundation Coatings Science and Technology Centre)Hempel A/S。
文摘The Hansen solubility parameters(HSP)are frequently used for solvent selection and characterization of polymers,and are directly related to the suspension behavior of pigments in solvent mixtures.The performance of currently available group contribution(GC)methods for HSP were evaluated and found to be insufficient for computer-aided product design(CAPD)of paints and coatings.A revised and,for this purpose,improved GC method is presented for estimating HSP of organic compounds,intended for organic pigments.Due to the significant limitations of GC methods,an uncertainty analysis and parameter confidence intervals are provided in order to better quantify the estimation accuracy of the proposed approach.Compared to other applicable GC methods,the prediction error is reduced significantly with average absolute errors of 0.45 MPa^(1/2),1.35 MPa^(1/2),and 1.09 MPa^(1/2) for the partial dispersion(δD),polar(δP)and hydrogen-bonding(δH)solubility parameters respectively for a database of 1106 compounds.The performance for organic pigments is comparable to the overall method performance,with higher average errors forδD and lower average errors forδP andδH.
