An algal astaxanthin feeding trial was carried out to investigate the ef fects of natural astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis as feed additives on growth, pigmenting efficacy and antioxidant capacity in blood par...An algal astaxanthin feeding trial was carried out to investigate the ef fects of natural astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis as feed additives on growth, pigmenting efficacy and antioxidant capacity in blood parrot(C ichlasoma citrinellum × C ichlasoma. synspilum). Tissue total antioxidant capacity(TAC), superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and maleic dialdehyde(MDA) were chosen as measures of its antioxidant capacity. All fish which received an astaxanthin(from micro-algal H. pluvialis) supplemented diet with 400 mg/kg of astaxanthin, after 50 days of feeding, the astaxanthin-fed fish displayed a pinkcolored skin and the control-fed fish displayed a grayish skin. For the growth, the weight gains of controlfed fish and astaxanthin-fed fish were 200% and 300%, respectively. Samples of skin and scales were used for analysis of total carotenoids and astaxanthin content, and fish feeding astaxanthin showed significantly( P <0.05) higher concentrations than the control group, indicating that the pigmentation of this fish had been significantly improved by dietary astaxanthin. Compared with the control fish, pigmented fish had lower SOD, CAT and MDA and higher TAC. It can be concluded that supplementation with dietary astaxanthin could eff ectively enhance growth, skin coloration and the antioxidant capacity of this fish. This study will provide a reference for application of natural astaxanthin from H. pluvialis as feed additives in blood parrot artificial breeding. Our data is also useful in ornamental fish farming, especially when the retentivity of astaxanthin in the skin and scales are involved. It is leading to the possibility of increasing the pigmentation of farmed-fish by adding the powdered form of H. pluvialis to the diet as an ef fective pigment.展开更多
Carotenoids accumulation in red halophilic archaea cells is considered apotential biotechnological product possessing a number of biological functions. Anarchaeal strain was isolated from brine water in a saltern crys...Carotenoids accumulation in red halophilic archaea cells is considered apotential biotechnological product possessing a number of biological functions. Anarchaeal strain was isolated from brine water in a saltern crystallizer pond ofHanguSaltworks, China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that it wasHaloarcula belonged to extremely halophilic archaea genus Halobacteriaceae. Todeterminethe effect of carbon source on the growth in Haloarcula cells, sucrose,lactose, glucose and soluble starch were supplemented into the culturemediumcontainingdissolved yeast extract and casein hydrolysate （10 g/L, 4：3 w/w） at alevel of 10 g/L, respectively, and sucrose was found to be a suitable one. To determinethe optimal supplementing levels of sucrose, three levels of sucrose （5, 10, 15 g/L）were added to the modified complete medium, and 10 g/L of sucrose supplementationwas optimal. The analysis of TLC and column gel chromatograph on pigment extractshowed five major pigments accumulated in Haloarcula cells, which werepreliminary detected as lycopene, bacterioruberin and its derivatives according to their absorptionpeak features.展开更多
Pigmentation traits expressed in animals are visual characteristics that allow us to distinguish between breeds and between strains within breed. The objective of this study was to map quantitative trait loci （QTLs）...Pigmentation traits expressed in animals are visual characteristics that allow us to distinguish between breeds and between strains within breed. The objective of this study was to map quantitative trait loci （QTLs） affecting the pigmentation traits in approximately 800 F2 grand daughter dairy cattle from a Holstein-Friesian and Jersey cross breed cattle. Traits analyzed included pigmentation phenotypes on the body, teat and hoop. The phenoypes were collected from digital photos or visual inspection of live animals. QTL mapping was implemented using half-sib and line-of-descent inheritance models. Our analysis initially detected a number of significant QTLs on chromosomes： 2, 6, 13, 15, 18 and 22. The significant QTLs were divided into two groups： one group influencing the pigmentation color and the other group affecting the absence or level of pigmentation. The most significant QTL peaks were observed on Bovine taurus autosome 18 （BTA18） close to melanocortin 1 receptor （MC1R） for the color traits, on BTA6 close to the receptor tyrosine kinase （K/T） and BTA22 close to microphthalmia-associated transcription factor （M/TF） gene for the spotting traits. Association studies were conducted for candidate regions or genes known to affect pigmentation in dairy cattle.展开更多
Photorhabdus luminescens is a Gram-negative, bioluminescent, pigment producing enteric bacterium, which is pathogenic to insects and has the capability to undergo phase variation. The phase I variant of P. luminescens...Photorhabdus luminescens is a Gram-negative, bioluminescent, pigment producing enteric bacterium, which is pathogenic to insects and has the capability to undergo phase variation. The phase I variant of P. luminescens exists as a mutualistic symbiont where it plays a critical role in the life-cycle of the soil-dwelling nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Both the bacterium and the nematode receive their nutritional requirements from the bioconversion of the insect host which is rich in many macromolecules such as the disaccharide, trehalose. Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide of glucose that is formed by an a-1,1-glycosidic bond and is associated with the physiology of many bacteria, insects and nematodes. Trehalose has been shown to be the most abundant storage sugar found within insect hemolymph （1%-2%）. The physicochemical properties of trehalose allow this carbohydrate to act as a stress protectant where it has been implicated with thermal stress, dehydration, and osmotic protection of many microorganisms. Due to these properties, trehalose may allow culture stability of the phase I variant in vitro and in vivo. Traits of the phase I variant that were studied in this work include bioluminescence and the production of the red anthroquinone-derived pigment. The carbohydrates that were utilized in this study were glucose and trehalose; where shake flask cultures of the phase I variant were cultured at room temperature for up to six days in carbohydrate supplemented basal media with increasing carbohydrate concentrations of 0. 1%, 0.5% and 1.0% （v/v）. Relative luminosity, pigmentation and pH were graphed as a function of time, carbohydrate used, and carbohydrate concentration. Data obtained from this study suggests that the supplementation of 1.0% trehalose, when culturing the phase I variant ofP. luminescens, can maintain bioluminosity and pigmentation over extended periods of time （five days） as compared to basal media and basal media supplemented with 1.0% glucose.展开更多
Juvenile turbot （Scophthalmus maximus） the initial stock densities at 0.28, 0.87, 1.12, 1.16, 2.75 were reared in five different experiment groups in kg/m^2 respectively for the study of the density effect on growth...Juvenile turbot （Scophthalmus maximus） the initial stock densities at 0.28, 0.87, 1.12, 1.16, 2.75 were reared in five different experiment groups in kg/m^2 respectively for the study of the density effect on growth, pigmentation and feed coefficient rate. The experiment lasted for 60 days with final stock densities at 1.91, 6.31, 8.86, 11.97, 17.67 kg/m^2 respectively. Result showed that, in the same experiment condition, the stocking density has a positive effect on growth in low density and negative in high density. The SGR （special growth rate） was 3.189, 3.304, 3.447, 3.341, and 3.087 respectively. The uniformity of weight distributing among experiment groups decreased with increasing density. The stocking density had positive effect on feed coefficient rate. Group 1 had the least feed coefficient rate 0.96, and highest at 1.25 in Group 5, the highest density group. High stocking density inhibited the growth and increased the feed coefficient rate. The stocking density had negative relationship to pigmentation improvement for whitened fish.展开更多
Purpose Skin pigmentation disorders,such as vitiligo and melasma,are difficult to diagnose in the early stages,but abnor-mal tyrosinase levels and tyrosinase activity are potential indicators.Some resorufin-based fluo...Purpose Skin pigmentation disorders,such as vitiligo and melasma,are difficult to diagnose in the early stages,but abnor-mal tyrosinase levels and tyrosinase activity are potential indicators.Some resorufin-based fluorescence probes(RBFPs)have been designed to detect tyrosinase in tumors,but they have not been used in skin pigmentation disorders.In this study,one of these RBFPs(synthesized by resorufin salt coupled with 3-(bromomethyl)phenol)was evaluated comprehensively.Methods The RBFP was tested in different kinds of mouse and human skin cells,as well as in in vivo models,including zebrafish,guinea pigs,and Sprague-Dawley rats.In addition,small interfering RNAs(siRNAs),kojic acid,and 1-phenyl-2-thiourea(PTU)were used to inhibit tyrosinase levels or tyrosinase activity.Results This probe successfully detected tyrosinase and emitted red fluorescence in melanoma cells and melanocytes.Fluorescence was also observable in zebrafish and on the skin of guinea pigs when using the RBFP.In mouse and human cells,the RBFP showed good selectivity to tyrosinase.Moreover,in the case of decreased tyrosinase levels or activity caused by siRNAs,kojic acid,or PTU,the probe was sensitive to these changes.Further,the RBFP showed no toxic effects at concentrations of<20μmol/L,both in vitro and in vivo.Conclusions Our findings indicate the value and limitations of the RBFP in tyrosinase detection,but suggest the need for further improvement of fluorescent probes in the diagnosis of skin pigmentation disorders.展开更多
Beetles in the family Coccinellidae, commonly known as ladybugs, lady beetles, or ladybirds, are easily identifiable and popular beneficial insects. Current research aims to support conservation efforts of beneficial ...Beetles in the family Coccinellidae, commonly known as ladybugs, lady beetles, or ladybirds, are easily identifiable and popular beneficial insects. Current research aims to support conservation efforts of beneficial insects in agroecosystems by exploring genetic processes related to nutrition. As a part of this research, colonies of Coleomegilla maculata have been maintained in culture and inbred over many generations since 2009. One result of this inbreeding has been the discovery of novel morphological phenotypes unique to laboratory strains or present in wild populations at such low levels that they have not yet been described. One such phenotype is described here. The strain described here, ye (yellow elytra and eyes) was characterized with classical Mendelian breeding and digital image analysis. This phenotype differs from wild populations by possessing yellow pigment in the elytra and pale grey to white eyes. In contrast, wild populations of C. maculata possess pink or red pigmented elytra with black spots, and black eyes. C. maculata is not known to exhibit polymorphism in the field. Inheritance is autosomal and recessive. This species was not previously known to exhibit the dramatic variation of color described here. The strain is stable in the homozygous recessive form, and retains laboratory rearing characteristics similar to the wild type laboratory strain.展开更多
We report the case of a 10-year-old girl with congenital complete heterochromia iridis and segmental pigmentation disorder in its hyperpigmented form. We have found no publication that mentions the combination of thes...We report the case of a 10-year-old girl with congenital complete heterochromia iridis and segmental pigmentation disorder in its hyperpigmented form. We have found no publication that mentions the combination of these 2 disorders.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to develop a formulated feed for improving skin pigmentation and growth performance of koi carp juveniles. Two experiments were conducted for determination of an optimal dietary astaxa...The aim of the present study was to develop a formulated feed for improving skin pigmentation and growth performance of koi carp juveniles. Two experiments were conducted for determination of an optimal dietary astaxanthin and FM （fish meal） ration for koi carp juveniles. In the first experiment, three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic dietary treatments were designed with three different levels of astaxanthin consisted of 60, 80 and 100 mg/kg and a commercial feed served as a control. For the second experiment, four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic dietary treatments were formulated with graded inclusions of dietary FM replaced from 0% to 60% at 20% increments by SM （soybean meal）, PBM （poultry by-product meal）, and a CD （control diet）. Obtained results demonstrated that skin pigmentation of koi carp juveniles fed the diet containing 80 mg/kg astaxanthin, 36.02% protein, 7.78% lipid, 4.20 Kcal/g GE （gross energy） were more better than those at the diet with lower estaxanthin content and commercial diet. Moreover, the highest growth and feed utilization of fish were observed at this diet with WG （weight gain）, SGR （specific growth rate） and FCR （feed conversion ratio） were 121.80%, 0.95 （%/day） and 1.6, respectively.展开更多
Pigmentation of the oral mucosa is relatively common and has a wide variety of etiologies. Although most pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa are associated with deposition of melanin and accidental displacement of a ...Pigmentation of the oral mucosa is relatively common and has a wide variety of etiologies. Although most pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa are associated with deposition of melanin and accidental displacement of a dental alloy, accurate differential diagnosis of a pigmented lesion is important, especially in the case of malignant melanoma. We report two cases of oral mucosal pigmentation associated with accidental displacement of a dental alloy in which malignant melanoma was suspected. Excisional biopsy was carried out in these cases with the incision line set at approximately 5 mm from the lesions. Histopathologically, brownish foreign substances were observed in the lamina propria. Metal quantitative analyses of the extracted specimens were carried out by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The metal components and the mass concentration revealed that the metals were derived from a dental casting silver alloy in Case 1 and from a gold-silver palladium alloy in Case 2. Although exogenous pigmentation originating from a dental alloy is not rare, differential diagnosis of oral pigmented lesions is sometimes very difficult. In such cases, histopathological examination may be necessary for the diagnosis to exclude melanocytic lesions and EPMA may be effective to identify the causative dental alloy.展开更多
Background: Most data on laser resurfacing have come from studies of people with Fitzpatrick skin types 1 - 3;however, the world’s population is comprised mostly of Fitzpatrick skin types 4 - 6, which are more suscep...Background: Most data on laser resurfacing have come from studies of people with Fitzpatrick skin types 1 - 3;however, the world’s population is comprised mostly of Fitzpatrick skin types 4 - 6, which are more susceptible to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Objective: For the purpose of expanding the expertise of plastic surgeons treating patients with darker skin types, this study examined the incidence of PIH in Asians who underwent laser resurfacing, including a histologic arm on fractional ablative resurfacing. Methods & Materials: The clinical study included six subjects of Vietnamese origin who underwent single-depth fractionated CO2 laser resurfacing. The histologic study involved a seventh subject. The MiXto SX®laser with a new scanning handpiece was used, along with magnifying loupes to assess ablative depth after each of three laser passes performed. Photographs were taken at various postoperative intervals. Results: All six clinical subjects showed cosmetic improvement in skin texture and tone with no post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. In the histologic study, H&E stained sections revealed uniform diathermy. Conclusion: It is possible to significantly reduce PIH in darker skinned subjects through use of a new scanning handpiece and a technique using loupes to assess the depth of ablative resurfacing. The histologic study confirms these findings.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of light intensity and enhanced nitrogen supply on the growth and photosynthesis of the green-tide macroalga, Ulvaprolifera. Thalli of U. prolifera were grown in na...The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of light intensity and enhanced nitrogen supply on the growth and photosynthesis of the green-tide macroalga, Ulvaprolifera. Thalli of U. prolifera were grown in natural or NH^-enriched seawater under two different light intensities for 7 days, and then the growth rate, pigmentation, and photosynthetic performance of the thalli were evaluated. The results show that the relative growth rate （RGR） was markedly higher under the high light level than under the low light level. Enrichment with NH~ enhanced the RGR under high light intensity, but did not affect RGR under low light intensity. In low light conditions, NH;-enrichment resulted in a marked decrease in the maximal photosynthetic rate （Pro） and the maximum carbon fixation rate （Vmax）, but it did not affect the half saturation constant for carbon （K0.5） or the ratio of Vmax to K0.5, which reflects the carbon acquisition efficiency. In high light conditions, Pm, K05, and the dark respiration rate （Rd） increased under NHI enrichment, but Vmax and the Vmax/Ko5 ratio decreased. Regardless of the light intensity, NH^＋4-enrichment did not affect the apparent photosynthetic efficiency （a）, which reflects the ability of the alga to use light energy at low light levels. Under both low and high light intensities, the chlorophyll a （Chl a）, chlorophyll b （Chl b）, and carotenoids （Car） contents in thalli were higher in NH1-enriched than in natural seawater, except that there was a decrease in the Chl b content of thalli in NH1-enriched seawater under low light intensity. Therefore, NH^＋4 enrichment improved the growth and photosynthetic performance of U. prolifera under high light intensity, but not under low light intensity. We discuss the possible mechanisms underlying these physiological responses.展开更多
A laboratory colony of Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), ye, selected for a pigmentation deficiency, was restored to near wild type cuticle coloration by adding crushed heads and wings of the red colored parental strain...A laboratory colony of Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), ye, selected for a pigmentation deficiency, was restored to near wild type cuticle coloration by adding crushed heads and wings of the red colored parental strain to the diet. While the wings and other colored portions of the cuticle re-gained the red color, the eyes of the pigmentation deficient insects were not changed from the pale mutant form. Plant derived carotenes lycopene and beta-carotene did not restore the mutant beetles to a visibly distinguishable red color. An additional pigmentation deficient mutant strain, gold, partially recovered red cuticle color when provided with diet containing pigmented insect particles. This work represents the first rescue of a color phenotype in a lady beetle.展开更多
The pigmentation in the liver of Chinese fire-bellied newt(Cynops orientalis) was described during two periods of the annual cycle(summer activity and winter hibernation). A large number of melanin granules were gathe...The pigmentation in the liver of Chinese fire-bellied newt(Cynops orientalis) was described during two periods of the annual cycle(summer activity and winter hibernation). A large number of melanin granules were gathered into clusters and distributed unevenly inside the pigment cells. Liver pigmentation(melanin content) was found unstable,varying during the annual cycle. During the hibernation period,pigmentation accumulation was shown to increase in the liver of the Chinese fire-bellied newt. Hepatocytes during the active period are approximately 14.64% larger than those in the hibernation period,while the nucleus is approximately 7.43% bigger during the active period when compared with that during the hibernation period. These findings indicate that variation in pigment distribution and hepatocyte morphology in Chinese fire-bellied newt liver may be an ecologically adaptive strategy to the adverse physiological conditions during hibernation.展开更多
A laboratory colony of <i>Coleomegilla maculata</i> (DeGeer), ye, selected for a pigmentation deficiency, was restored to near wild type cuticle coloration by adding crushed heads and wings of the red colo...A laboratory colony of <i>Coleomegilla maculata</i> (DeGeer), ye, selected for a pigmentation deficiency, was restored to near wild type cuticle coloration by adding crushed heads and wings of the red colored parental strain to the diet. While the wings and other colored portions of the cuticle re-gained the red color, the eyes of the pigmentation deficient insects were not changed from the pale mutant form. Plant derived carotenes lycopene and beta-carotene did not restore the mutant beetles to a visibly distinguishable red color. An additional pigmentation deficient mutant strain, gold, partially recovered red cuticle color when provided with diet containing pigmented insect particles. This work represents the first rescue of a color phenotype in a lady beetle.展开更多
Fruit pigmentation is a major signal that attracts frugivores to enable seed dispersal.In mostfleshy fruit,green chlorophyll typically accumulates early in development and is replaced by a range of pigments during rip...Fruit pigmentation is a major signal that attracts frugivores to enable seed dispersal.In mostfleshy fruit,green chlorophyll typically accumulates early in development and is replaced by a range of pigments during ripening.In species such as grape and strawberry,chlorophyll is replaced by red anthocyanins produced by theflavonoid biosynthetic pathway.Eggplant(Solanum melongena)is unique,as its fruit accumulates an-thocyanins beginning from fruit set,and these are later replaced by the yellowflavonoid-pathway interme-diate naringenin chalcone.To decipher the genetic regulation of this extraordinary pigmentation shift,we integrated mRNA and microRNA(miRNA)profiling data obtained from developing eggplant fruit.We discovered that SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING-LIKE(i.e.,SPL6a,SPL10,and SPL15),MYB1,and MYB2 transcription factors(TFs)regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in early fruit development,whereas the MYB12 TF controls later accumulation of naringenin chalcone.We further show that miRNA157 and miRNA858 negatively regulate the expression of SPLs and MYB12,respectively.Taken together,ourfind-ings suggest that opposing and complementary expression of miRNAs and TFs controls the pigmentation switch in eggplant fruit skin.Intriguingly,despite the distinctive pigmentation pattern in eggplant,fruit development in other species makes use of homologous regulatory factors to control the temporal and spatial production of different pigment classes.展开更多
Objective:In clinical practice,black-brown-gray pigment granules are common under dermoscopy.However,little is known about their clinical significance.We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between de...Objective:In clinical practice,black-brown-gray pigment granules are common under dermoscopy.However,little is known about their clinical significance.We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between dermoscopy features and their representative pathological features.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted by searching clinical database in Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,from August 2017 to August 2022.Patients with full information on pigment granules and demographic and pathological findings were entered.Cases were reviewed for information regarding pathological and dermoscopic patterns.Fisher exact test was used to examine the correlation between individual histologic variables and established diagnoses.The depth of pigment granules showed a nonnormal distribution and was analyzed using a nonparametric test.Results:In total,data from 83 patients were included in this analysis.The presence of pigment granules under dermoscopy significantly indicated destruction of basal cells or pigment incontinence(91.5%,76/83).The pigment granules within lesions were divided into uniform and nonuniform patterns with respect to their size,color,and distribution.Uniform granular pigmentation was more likely to be associated with eosinophils(numerous or in aggregates,P<0.001)or perifollicular inflammatory infiltration in the dermis(P=0.008).Notably,brown pigment granules(P=0.024)and uniform granular pigmentation(P<0.001)were more likely to be induced by medications.Conclusion:Uniform granular pigmentation under dermoscopy is a novel indicator of a drug reaction and necessitates a detailed inquiry.展开更多
The most important quality parameter of salmonids is the red color of their skin and muscles.In this contribution,the effects of astaxanthin and dietary lipid content on the pigmentation of Arctic charr(Salvelinus alp...The most important quality parameter of salmonids is the red color of their skin and muscles.In this contribution,the effects of astaxanthin and dietary lipid content on the pigmentation of Arctic charr(Salvelinus alpinus)were studied.Charrs were fed on diets containing 40,60,and 80 ppm synthetic astaxanthin together with 10,18,and 26%dietary lipids for 24 weeks.Results indicated that the astaxanthin concentration in the belly skin and flesh of fish was strongly correlated with both carotenoid and dietary lipid contents,suggesting a significant interaction between diets and the total carotenoid concentration in the belly skin and flesh.The Hunter color L^(*)values of the fillet and the belly skin were inversely related to their carotenoid levels,whereas their a^(*)and b^(*)values were strongly correlated with the total carotenoid concentration.The apparent digestibility coefficient of carotenoids was directly correlated with the level of dietary lipid but inversely correlated with carotenoid contents.A strong correlation between the content of carotenoids retained in the flesh and their digestibility was observed.Thus,the pigmentation of Arctic charr could improve the overall consumer acceptability as well as nutritional and potential market values of Arctic charr.展开更多
BACKGROUND Complications arising from the polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJS)have historically been addressed through surgical treatment.Enteroscopic poly-pectomy is hypothesized to reduce the risk of surgery in PJS...BACKGROUND Complications arising from the polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJS)have historically been addressed through surgical treatment.Enteroscopic poly-pectomy is hypothesized to reduce the risk of surgery in PJS.However,the optimal timing for polyp screening and preventive intervention using entero-scopic polypectomy remains uncertain.This is primarily due to the extremely low incidence of the condition and the paucity of data regarding the natural risk of requiring surgery and its age distribution in PJS patients.In order to develop recommendations on the appropriate timing of polyp screening and preventive intervention in PJS,a comprehensive understanding of the natural surgical risks AIM To investigate the natural surgical risks associated with polyps in PJS and to clarify their age distribution.METHODS A web-based open survey was launched to collect information from Chinese individuals suspected of having PJS.The questionnaire was distributed to the PJS instant messaging groups using a quick response code method.The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods,and the cumulative incidence of surgery was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS Of the 442 patients enrolled,301(68.10%)had undergone 506 surgical procedures prior to enteroscopy or the survey deadline.Among the 506 surgical procedures,388(76.68%)were performed on patients aged between 6 and 25 years.The cumulative incidence rates of the first surgical procedure at 5,10,15,20,25,and 30 years of age were 5.0%(95%confidence interval[CI]:2.9%-7.0%),20.6%(95%CI:16.6%-24.4%),40.5%(95%CI:35.5%-45.1%),58.0%(95%CI:52.7%-62.7%),72.6%(95%CI:67.3%-77.0%),and 82.4%(95%CI:77.0%-86.5%),respectively.The primary indications for the first surgical procedures were intussusception(81.40%),obstruction(13.95%),and gas-trointestinal bleeding(4.65%).The cumulative incidence rates of requiring a second surgical procedure within 1,3,5,10 and 15 years following the first surgical procedure were 3.7%(95%CI:1.5%-5.8%),12.5%(95%CI:8.6%-16.2%),20.3%(95%CI:15.6%-24.8%),37.0%(95%CI:33.1%-45.3%),54.2%(95%CI:46.8%-60.5%),respectively.Patients who underwent their first surgical procedure at the age of nine years or younger presented an elevated risk of requiring a second surgical procedure(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Chinese patients with PJS have a high natural risk of undergoing surgery.Without preventive intervention,these procedures may become necessary at an early age and may be repeated.Early screening and regular surveillance,with preventive intervention if necessary,should commence at six years of age.展开更多
Skin and hair pigmentation in animals involve intricate regulatory processes.Circular RNA-microRNA(circRNA-miRNA)networks play vital roles in various biological processes,although their involvement in pigmentation has...Skin and hair pigmentation in animals involve intricate regulatory processes.Circular RNA-microRNA(circRNA-miRNA)networks play vital roles in various biological processes,although their involvement in pigmentation has been underexplored.This study focused on circKIF27 expression,which differs significantly in melanocytes isolated from white and brown Boer coat-colored skin,yet its function remains unclear.Here,we investigated the roles of circKIF27 in melanocytes.In situ hybridization assays demonstrated that circKIF27 is expressed in the cytoplasm of melanocytes.qRT-PCR results revealed differential expression levels of circKIF27 in various tissues of male and female goats.Functional analysis showed that circKIF27 overexpression in melanocytes significantly reduces melanin production(P<0.01)and inhibits cell proliferation(P<0.0001).Bioinformatics analysis identified a putative miR-129-5p binding site on circKIF27,and luciferase reporter assays confirmed their interaction.Overexpression of miR-129-5p in melanocytes enhances melanin production(P<0.01)and promotes cell proliferation(P<0.05).Further analysis revealed that TGIF2 possesses two potential miR-129-5p binding sites,and miR-129-5p overexpression in melanocytes significantly inhibits TGIF2 expression(P<0.0001),suggesting a targeted regulatory relationship between these two molecules.Silencing TGIF2 expression via siRNA-TGIF2 transfection leads to increased melanocyte proliferation(P<0.0001)and increased melanin production(P<0.01).These findings highlight the involvement of the circRNA-miRNA network in pigmentation,offering new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying pigmentation and guiding animal hair color breeding strategies.展开更多
基金Supported by the Xiamen Scientific and Technologic Projects(XSTP)(Nos.3052Z20031086,3052Z20123004)the project of Xiamen Southern Ocean Technology Center of China(No.14CZP035HJ09)+2 种基金partly funded by the Marine Science Base Scientific Research Training and Scientific Research Ability Enhancement Project of Xiamen University(No.J1210050)the National Marine Commonweal Research Program,China(No.201205020-2)the XMU Training Program of Innovation and Enterpreneurship for Undergraduates(No.2016X0619)
文摘An algal astaxanthin feeding trial was carried out to investigate the ef fects of natural astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis as feed additives on growth, pigmenting efficacy and antioxidant capacity in blood parrot(C ichlasoma citrinellum × C ichlasoma. synspilum). Tissue total antioxidant capacity(TAC), superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and maleic dialdehyde(MDA) were chosen as measures of its antioxidant capacity. All fish which received an astaxanthin(from micro-algal H. pluvialis) supplemented diet with 400 mg/kg of astaxanthin, after 50 days of feeding, the astaxanthin-fed fish displayed a pinkcolored skin and the control-fed fish displayed a grayish skin. For the growth, the weight gains of controlfed fish and astaxanthin-fed fish were 200% and 300%, respectively. Samples of skin and scales were used for analysis of total carotenoids and astaxanthin content, and fish feeding astaxanthin showed significantly( P <0.05) higher concentrations than the control group, indicating that the pigmentation of this fish had been significantly improved by dietary astaxanthin. Compared with the control fish, pigmented fish had lower SOD, CAT and MDA and higher TAC. It can be concluded that supplementation with dietary astaxanthin could eff ectively enhance growth, skin coloration and the antioxidant capacity of this fish. This study will provide a reference for application of natural astaxanthin from H. pluvialis as feed additives in blood parrot artificial breeding. Our data is also useful in ornamental fish farming, especially when the retentivity of astaxanthin in the skin and scales are involved. It is leading to the possibility of increasing the pigmentation of farmed-fish by adding the powdered form of H. pluvialis to the diet as an ef fective pigment.
基金supported by Young Scholar Foundation of Tianijn University of Science and Technology(2015LG05)National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(201510057048)
文摘Carotenoids accumulation in red halophilic archaea cells is considered apotential biotechnological product possessing a number of biological functions. Anarchaeal strain was isolated from brine water in a saltern crystallizer pond ofHanguSaltworks, China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that it wasHaloarcula belonged to extremely halophilic archaea genus Halobacteriaceae. Todeterminethe effect of carbon source on the growth in Haloarcula cells, sucrose,lactose, glucose and soluble starch were supplemented into the culturemediumcontainingdissolved yeast extract and casein hydrolysate （10 g/L, 4：3 w/w） at alevel of 10 g/L, respectively, and sucrose was found to be a suitable one. To determinethe optimal supplementing levels of sucrose, three levels of sucrose （5, 10, 15 g/L）were added to the modified complete medium, and 10 g/L of sucrose supplementationwas optimal. The analysis of TLC and column gel chromatograph on pigment extractshowed five major pigments accumulated in Haloarcula cells, which werepreliminary detected as lycopene, bacterioruberin and its derivatives according to their absorptionpeak features.
基金supported by grants from Livestock Improvement Corporation (LIC) as part of the Boviquest project
文摘Pigmentation traits expressed in animals are visual characteristics that allow us to distinguish between breeds and between strains within breed. The objective of this study was to map quantitative trait loci （QTLs） affecting the pigmentation traits in approximately 800 F2 grand daughter dairy cattle from a Holstein-Friesian and Jersey cross breed cattle. Traits analyzed included pigmentation phenotypes on the body, teat and hoop. The phenoypes were collected from digital photos or visual inspection of live animals. QTL mapping was implemented using half-sib and line-of-descent inheritance models. Our analysis initially detected a number of significant QTLs on chromosomes： 2, 6, 13, 15, 18 and 22. The significant QTLs were divided into two groups： one group influencing the pigmentation color and the other group affecting the absence or level of pigmentation. The most significant QTL peaks were observed on Bovine taurus autosome 18 （BTA18） close to melanocortin 1 receptor （MC1R） for the color traits, on BTA6 close to the receptor tyrosine kinase （K/T） and BTA22 close to microphthalmia-associated transcription factor （M/TF） gene for the spotting traits. Association studies were conducted for candidate regions or genes known to affect pigmentation in dairy cattle.
文摘Photorhabdus luminescens is a Gram-negative, bioluminescent, pigment producing enteric bacterium, which is pathogenic to insects and has the capability to undergo phase variation. The phase I variant of P. luminescens exists as a mutualistic symbiont where it plays a critical role in the life-cycle of the soil-dwelling nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Both the bacterium and the nematode receive their nutritional requirements from the bioconversion of the insect host which is rich in many macromolecules such as the disaccharide, trehalose. Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide of glucose that is formed by an a-1,1-glycosidic bond and is associated with the physiology of many bacteria, insects and nematodes. Trehalose has been shown to be the most abundant storage sugar found within insect hemolymph （1%-2%）. The physicochemical properties of trehalose allow this carbohydrate to act as a stress protectant where it has been implicated with thermal stress, dehydration, and osmotic protection of many microorganisms. Due to these properties, trehalose may allow culture stability of the phase I variant in vitro and in vivo. Traits of the phase I variant that were studied in this work include bioluminescence and the production of the red anthroquinone-derived pigment. The carbohydrates that were utilized in this study were glucose and trehalose; where shake flask cultures of the phase I variant were cultured at room temperature for up to six days in carbohydrate supplemented basal media with increasing carbohydrate concentrations of 0. 1%, 0.5% and 1.0% （v/v）. Relative luminosity, pigmentation and pH were graphed as a function of time, carbohydrate used, and carbohydrate concentration. Data obtained from this study suggests that the supplementation of 1.0% trehalose, when culturing the phase I variant ofP. luminescens, can maintain bioluminosity and pigmentation over extended periods of time （five days） as compared to basal media and basal media supplemented with 1.0% glucose.
基金Supported by the Key Technology Research Program of Ministry of Agriculture (No. 04-11-01B) and the National High-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2004AA603320 and 2004AA603330)
文摘Juvenile turbot （Scophthalmus maximus） the initial stock densities at 0.28, 0.87, 1.12, 1.16, 2.75 were reared in five different experiment groups in kg/m^2 respectively for the study of the density effect on growth, pigmentation and feed coefficient rate. The experiment lasted for 60 days with final stock densities at 1.91, 6.31, 8.86, 11.97, 17.67 kg/m^2 respectively. Result showed that, in the same experiment condition, the stocking density has a positive effect on growth in low density and negative in high density. The SGR （special growth rate） was 3.189, 3.304, 3.447, 3.341, and 3.087 respectively. The uniformity of weight distributing among experiment groups decreased with increasing density. The stocking density had positive effect on feed coefficient rate. Group 1 had the least feed coefficient rate 0.96, and highest at 1.25 in Group 5, the highest density group. High stocking density inhibited the growth and increased the feed coefficient rate. The stocking density had negative relationship to pigmentation improvement for whitened fish.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82073420)the Project of Health and Family Planning Commission of Hunan Province(No.C2019173)+2 种基金the Wisdom Accumulation and Talent Cultivation Project of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University(No.YX202007)the New Xiangya Talent Project of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University(No.20170301)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(No.2020zzts294),China.
文摘Purpose Skin pigmentation disorders,such as vitiligo and melasma,are difficult to diagnose in the early stages,but abnor-mal tyrosinase levels and tyrosinase activity are potential indicators.Some resorufin-based fluorescence probes(RBFPs)have been designed to detect tyrosinase in tumors,but they have not been used in skin pigmentation disorders.In this study,one of these RBFPs(synthesized by resorufin salt coupled with 3-(bromomethyl)phenol)was evaluated comprehensively.Methods The RBFP was tested in different kinds of mouse and human skin cells,as well as in in vivo models,including zebrafish,guinea pigs,and Sprague-Dawley rats.In addition,small interfering RNAs(siRNAs),kojic acid,and 1-phenyl-2-thiourea(PTU)were used to inhibit tyrosinase levels or tyrosinase activity.Results This probe successfully detected tyrosinase and emitted red fluorescence in melanoma cells and melanocytes.Fluorescence was also observable in zebrafish and on the skin of guinea pigs when using the RBFP.In mouse and human cells,the RBFP showed good selectivity to tyrosinase.Moreover,in the case of decreased tyrosinase levels or activity caused by siRNAs,kojic acid,or PTU,the probe was sensitive to these changes.Further,the RBFP showed no toxic effects at concentrations of<20μmol/L,both in vitro and in vivo.Conclusions Our findings indicate the value and limitations of the RBFP in tyrosinase detection,but suggest the need for further improvement of fluorescent probes in the diagnosis of skin pigmentation disorders.
文摘Beetles in the family Coccinellidae, commonly known as ladybugs, lady beetles, or ladybirds, are easily identifiable and popular beneficial insects. Current research aims to support conservation efforts of beneficial insects in agroecosystems by exploring genetic processes related to nutrition. As a part of this research, colonies of Coleomegilla maculata have been maintained in culture and inbred over many generations since 2009. One result of this inbreeding has been the discovery of novel morphological phenotypes unique to laboratory strains or present in wild populations at such low levels that they have not yet been described. One such phenotype is described here. The strain described here, ye (yellow elytra and eyes) was characterized with classical Mendelian breeding and digital image analysis. This phenotype differs from wild populations by possessing yellow pigment in the elytra and pale grey to white eyes. In contrast, wild populations of C. maculata possess pink or red pigmented elytra with black spots, and black eyes. C. maculata is not known to exhibit polymorphism in the field. Inheritance is autosomal and recessive. This species was not previously known to exhibit the dramatic variation of color described here. The strain is stable in the homozygous recessive form, and retains laboratory rearing characteristics similar to the wild type laboratory strain.
文摘We report the case of a 10-year-old girl with congenital complete heterochromia iridis and segmental pigmentation disorder in its hyperpigmented form. We have found no publication that mentions the combination of these 2 disorders.
文摘The aim of the present study was to develop a formulated feed for improving skin pigmentation and growth performance of koi carp juveniles. Two experiments were conducted for determination of an optimal dietary astaxanthin and FM （fish meal） ration for koi carp juveniles. In the first experiment, three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic dietary treatments were designed with three different levels of astaxanthin consisted of 60, 80 and 100 mg/kg and a commercial feed served as a control. For the second experiment, four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic dietary treatments were formulated with graded inclusions of dietary FM replaced from 0% to 60% at 20% increments by SM （soybean meal）, PBM （poultry by-product meal）, and a CD （control diet）. Obtained results demonstrated that skin pigmentation of koi carp juveniles fed the diet containing 80 mg/kg astaxanthin, 36.02% protein, 7.78% lipid, 4.20 Kcal/g GE （gross energy） were more better than those at the diet with lower estaxanthin content and commercial diet. Moreover, the highest growth and feed utilization of fish were observed at this diet with WG （weight gain）, SGR （specific growth rate） and FCR （feed conversion ratio） were 121.80%, 0.95 （%/day） and 1.6, respectively.
文摘Pigmentation of the oral mucosa is relatively common and has a wide variety of etiologies. Although most pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa are associated with deposition of melanin and accidental displacement of a dental alloy, accurate differential diagnosis of a pigmented lesion is important, especially in the case of malignant melanoma. We report two cases of oral mucosal pigmentation associated with accidental displacement of a dental alloy in which malignant melanoma was suspected. Excisional biopsy was carried out in these cases with the incision line set at approximately 5 mm from the lesions. Histopathologically, brownish foreign substances were observed in the lamina propria. Metal quantitative analyses of the extracted specimens were carried out by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The metal components and the mass concentration revealed that the metals were derived from a dental casting silver alloy in Case 1 and from a gold-silver palladium alloy in Case 2. Although exogenous pigmentation originating from a dental alloy is not rare, differential diagnosis of oral pigmented lesions is sometimes very difficult. In such cases, histopathological examination may be necessary for the diagnosis to exclude melanocytic lesions and EPMA may be effective to identify the causative dental alloy.
文摘Background: Most data on laser resurfacing have come from studies of people with Fitzpatrick skin types 1 - 3;however, the world’s population is comprised mostly of Fitzpatrick skin types 4 - 6, which are more susceptible to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Objective: For the purpose of expanding the expertise of plastic surgeons treating patients with darker skin types, this study examined the incidence of PIH in Asians who underwent laser resurfacing, including a histologic arm on fractional ablative resurfacing. Methods & Materials: The clinical study included six subjects of Vietnamese origin who underwent single-depth fractionated CO2 laser resurfacing. The histologic study involved a seventh subject. The MiXto SX®laser with a new scanning handpiece was used, along with magnifying loupes to assess ablative depth after each of three laser passes performed. Photographs were taken at various postoperative intervals. Results: All six clinical subjects showed cosmetic improvement in skin texture and tone with no post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. In the histologic study, H&E stained sections revealed uniform diathermy. Conclusion: It is possible to significantly reduce PIH in darker skinned subjects through use of a new scanning handpiece and a technique using loupes to assess the depth of ablative resurfacing. The histologic study confirms these findings.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41376129)the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean(Nos.201305005,201305021,201105008-2)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2011400)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA11020404-1)
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of light intensity and enhanced nitrogen supply on the growth and photosynthesis of the green-tide macroalga, Ulvaprolifera. Thalli of U. prolifera were grown in natural or NH^-enriched seawater under two different light intensities for 7 days, and then the growth rate, pigmentation, and photosynthetic performance of the thalli were evaluated. The results show that the relative growth rate （RGR） was markedly higher under the high light level than under the low light level. Enrichment with NH~ enhanced the RGR under high light intensity, but did not affect RGR under low light intensity. In low light conditions, NH;-enrichment resulted in a marked decrease in the maximal photosynthetic rate （Pro） and the maximum carbon fixation rate （Vmax）, but it did not affect the half saturation constant for carbon （K0.5） or the ratio of Vmax to K0.5, which reflects the carbon acquisition efficiency. In high light conditions, Pm, K05, and the dark respiration rate （Rd） increased under NHI enrichment, but Vmax and the Vmax/Ko5 ratio decreased. Regardless of the light intensity, NH^＋4-enrichment did not affect the apparent photosynthetic efficiency （a）, which reflects the ability of the alga to use light energy at low light levels. Under both low and high light intensities, the chlorophyll a （Chl a）, chlorophyll b （Chl b）, and carotenoids （Car） contents in thalli were higher in NH1-enriched than in natural seawater, except that there was a decrease in the Chl b content of thalli in NH1-enriched seawater under low light intensity. Therefore, NH^＋4 enrichment improved the growth and photosynthetic performance of U. prolifera under high light intensity, but not under low light intensity. We discuss the possible mechanisms underlying these physiological responses.
文摘A laboratory colony of Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), ye, selected for a pigmentation deficiency, was restored to near wild type cuticle coloration by adding crushed heads and wings of the red colored parental strain to the diet. While the wings and other colored portions of the cuticle re-gained the red color, the eyes of the pigmentation deficient insects were not changed from the pale mutant form. Plant derived carotenes lycopene and beta-carotene did not restore the mutant beetles to a visibly distinguishable red color. An additional pigmentation deficient mutant strain, gold, partially recovered red cuticle color when provided with diet containing pigmented insect particles. This work represents the first rescue of a color phenotype in a lady beetle.
基金supported by the initial funding from Henan University of Urban Construction and a grant from the Foundational and Advanced Techniques Foundation of Henan, China (122300410356).
文摘The pigmentation in the liver of Chinese fire-bellied newt(Cynops orientalis) was described during two periods of the annual cycle(summer activity and winter hibernation). A large number of melanin granules were gathered into clusters and distributed unevenly inside the pigment cells. Liver pigmentation(melanin content) was found unstable,varying during the annual cycle. During the hibernation period,pigmentation accumulation was shown to increase in the liver of the Chinese fire-bellied newt. Hepatocytes during the active period are approximately 14.64% larger than those in the hibernation period,while the nucleus is approximately 7.43% bigger during the active period when compared with that during the hibernation period. These findings indicate that variation in pigment distribution and hepatocyte morphology in Chinese fire-bellied newt liver may be an ecologically adaptive strategy to the adverse physiological conditions during hibernation.
文摘A laboratory colony of <i>Coleomegilla maculata</i> (DeGeer), ye, selected for a pigmentation deficiency, was restored to near wild type cuticle coloration by adding crushed heads and wings of the red colored parental strain to the diet. While the wings and other colored portions of the cuticle re-gained the red color, the eyes of the pigmentation deficient insects were not changed from the pale mutant form. Plant derived carotenes lycopene and beta-carotene did not restore the mutant beetles to a visibly distinguishable red color. An additional pigmentation deficient mutant strain, gold, partially recovered red cuticle color when provided with diet containing pigmented insect particles. This work represents the first rescue of a color phenotype in a lady beetle.
基金the Abney Foundation,Leona M.and Harry B.Helmsley Charitable TrustJeanne and Joseph Nissim Foundation for Life Sciences+1 种基金Tom and Sondra Rykoff Family Foundation Researchthe Raymond Burton Plant Genome Research Fund for supporting the AA lab activity.
文摘Fruit pigmentation is a major signal that attracts frugivores to enable seed dispersal.In mostfleshy fruit,green chlorophyll typically accumulates early in development and is replaced by a range of pigments during ripening.In species such as grape and strawberry,chlorophyll is replaced by red anthocyanins produced by theflavonoid biosynthetic pathway.Eggplant(Solanum melongena)is unique,as its fruit accumulates an-thocyanins beginning from fruit set,and these are later replaced by the yellowflavonoid-pathway interme-diate naringenin chalcone.To decipher the genetic regulation of this extraordinary pigmentation shift,we integrated mRNA and microRNA(miRNA)profiling data obtained from developing eggplant fruit.We discovered that SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING-LIKE(i.e.,SPL6a,SPL10,and SPL15),MYB1,and MYB2 transcription factors(TFs)regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in early fruit development,whereas the MYB12 TF controls later accumulation of naringenin chalcone.We further show that miRNA157 and miRNA858 negatively regulate the expression of SPLs and MYB12,respectively.Taken together,ourfind-ings suggest that opposing and complementary expression of miRNAs and TFs controls the pigmentation switch in eggplant fruit skin.Intriguingly,despite the distinctive pigmentation pattern in eggplant,fruit development in other species makes use of homologous regulatory factors to control the temporal and spatial production of different pigment classes.
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82403284 and 8217114246)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2023JJ40973 and 2023JJ40921).
文摘Objective:In clinical practice,black-brown-gray pigment granules are common under dermoscopy.However,little is known about their clinical significance.We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between dermoscopy features and their representative pathological features.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted by searching clinical database in Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,from August 2017 to August 2022.Patients with full information on pigment granules and demographic and pathological findings were entered.Cases were reviewed for information regarding pathological and dermoscopic patterns.Fisher exact test was used to examine the correlation between individual histologic variables and established diagnoses.The depth of pigment granules showed a nonnormal distribution and was analyzed using a nonparametric test.Results:In total,data from 83 patients were included in this analysis.The presence of pigment granules under dermoscopy significantly indicated destruction of basal cells or pigment incontinence(91.5%,76/83).The pigment granules within lesions were divided into uniform and nonuniform patterns with respect to their size,color,and distribution.Uniform granular pigmentation was more likely to be associated with eosinophils(numerous or in aggregates,P<0.001)or perifollicular inflammatory infiltration in the dermis(P=0.008).Notably,brown pigment granules(P=0.024)and uniform granular pigmentation(P<0.001)were more likely to be induced by medications.Conclusion:Uniform granular pigmentation under dermoscopy is a novel indicator of a drug reaction and necessitates a detailed inquiry.
基金the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada for financial support.
文摘The most important quality parameter of salmonids is the red color of their skin and muscles.In this contribution,the effects of astaxanthin and dietary lipid content on the pigmentation of Arctic charr(Salvelinus alpinus)were studied.Charrs were fed on diets containing 40,60,and 80 ppm synthetic astaxanthin together with 10,18,and 26%dietary lipids for 24 weeks.Results indicated that the astaxanthin concentration in the belly skin and flesh of fish was strongly correlated with both carotenoid and dietary lipid contents,suggesting a significant interaction between diets and the total carotenoid concentration in the belly skin and flesh.The Hunter color L^(*)values of the fillet and the belly skin were inversely related to their carotenoid levels,whereas their a^(*)and b^(*)values were strongly correlated with the total carotenoid concentration.The apparent digestibility coefficient of carotenoids was directly correlated with the level of dietary lipid but inversely correlated with carotenoid contents.A strong correlation between the content of carotenoids retained in the flesh and their digestibility was observed.Thus,the pigmentation of Arctic charr could improve the overall consumer acceptability as well as nutritional and potential market values of Arctic charr.
文摘BACKGROUND Complications arising from the polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJS)have historically been addressed through surgical treatment.Enteroscopic poly-pectomy is hypothesized to reduce the risk of surgery in PJS.However,the optimal timing for polyp screening and preventive intervention using entero-scopic polypectomy remains uncertain.This is primarily due to the extremely low incidence of the condition and the paucity of data regarding the natural risk of requiring surgery and its age distribution in PJS patients.In order to develop recommendations on the appropriate timing of polyp screening and preventive intervention in PJS,a comprehensive understanding of the natural surgical risks AIM To investigate the natural surgical risks associated with polyps in PJS and to clarify their age distribution.METHODS A web-based open survey was launched to collect information from Chinese individuals suspected of having PJS.The questionnaire was distributed to the PJS instant messaging groups using a quick response code method.The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods,and the cumulative incidence of surgery was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS Of the 442 patients enrolled,301(68.10%)had undergone 506 surgical procedures prior to enteroscopy or the survey deadline.Among the 506 surgical procedures,388(76.68%)were performed on patients aged between 6 and 25 years.The cumulative incidence rates of the first surgical procedure at 5,10,15,20,25,and 30 years of age were 5.0%(95%confidence interval[CI]:2.9%-7.0%),20.6%(95%CI:16.6%-24.4%),40.5%(95%CI:35.5%-45.1%),58.0%(95%CI:52.7%-62.7%),72.6%(95%CI:67.3%-77.0%),and 82.4%(95%CI:77.0%-86.5%),respectively.The primary indications for the first surgical procedures were intussusception(81.40%),obstruction(13.95%),and gas-trointestinal bleeding(4.65%).The cumulative incidence rates of requiring a second surgical procedure within 1,3,5,10 and 15 years following the first surgical procedure were 3.7%(95%CI:1.5%-5.8%),12.5%(95%CI:8.6%-16.2%),20.3%(95%CI:15.6%-24.8%),37.0%(95%CI:33.1%-45.3%),54.2%(95%CI:46.8%-60.5%),respectively.Patients who underwent their first surgical procedure at the age of nine years or younger presented an elevated risk of requiring a second surgical procedure(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Chinese patients with PJS have a high natural risk of undergoing surgery.Without preventive intervention,these procedures may become necessary at an early age and may be repeated.Early screening and regular surveillance,with preventive intervention if necessary,should commence at six years of age.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(2008085QC158)the Anhui Key Research and Development Program,China(2023z04020003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172695 and 32372832).
文摘Skin and hair pigmentation in animals involve intricate regulatory processes.Circular RNA-microRNA(circRNA-miRNA)networks play vital roles in various biological processes,although their involvement in pigmentation has been underexplored.This study focused on circKIF27 expression,which differs significantly in melanocytes isolated from white and brown Boer coat-colored skin,yet its function remains unclear.Here,we investigated the roles of circKIF27 in melanocytes.In situ hybridization assays demonstrated that circKIF27 is expressed in the cytoplasm of melanocytes.qRT-PCR results revealed differential expression levels of circKIF27 in various tissues of male and female goats.Functional analysis showed that circKIF27 overexpression in melanocytes significantly reduces melanin production(P<0.01)and inhibits cell proliferation(P<0.0001).Bioinformatics analysis identified a putative miR-129-5p binding site on circKIF27,and luciferase reporter assays confirmed their interaction.Overexpression of miR-129-5p in melanocytes enhances melanin production(P<0.01)and promotes cell proliferation(P<0.05).Further analysis revealed that TGIF2 possesses two potential miR-129-5p binding sites,and miR-129-5p overexpression in melanocytes significantly inhibits TGIF2 expression(P<0.0001),suggesting a targeted regulatory relationship between these two molecules.Silencing TGIF2 expression via siRNA-TGIF2 transfection leads to increased melanocyte proliferation(P<0.0001)and increased melanin production(P<0.01).These findings highlight the involvement of the circRNA-miRNA network in pigmentation,offering new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying pigmentation and guiding animal hair color breeding strategies.
