In the present study,we report the first complete mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of the Painted Jezebel,Delias hyparete.The mitogenome of Delias hyparete is 15186 bp in length,and has typical sets of 37 genes:13 prot...In the present study,we report the first complete mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of the Painted Jezebel,Delias hyparete.The mitogenome of Delias hyparete is 15186 bp in length,and has typical sets of 37 genes:13 protein-coding genes(PCGs),2 ribosomal RNAs,22 transfer RNAs and a non-coding A+T-rich region.All protein-coding genes are initiated by ATN codons,except for COI,which is tentatively designated by the CGA codon,as observed in other butterfly species.A total of 10 PCGs harbored the complete termination codon TAA or TAG,while the COI,COII and ND5 genes ended at a single T residue.All 22 tRNA genes show typical clover structures,with the exception of the tRNASer(AGN)which lacks the dihydrouridine(DHU)stem and is instead replaced by a simple loop.Thirteen intergenic spacers totaling 153 bp,and 13 overlapping regions totaling 46 bp are scattered throughout the whole genome.The 377 bp long of D.hyparete A+T-rich region is not comprised of large repetitive sequences,but harbors several features characteristic of the lepidopteran insects,including the motif ATAGA followed by an 18 bp poly-T stretch,a microsatellite-like(AT)5 element preceded by the ATTTA motif,an 10 bp polyA-like stretch(AAAAATAAAA)present immediately upstream tRNAMet.展开更多
In the present study, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome （mitogenome） of the Painted Jezebel, Delias hyparete. The mitogenome ofDelias hyparete is 15 186 bp in length, and has typical sets of 37 genes...In the present study, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome （mitogenome） of the Painted Jezebel, Delias hyparete. The mitogenome ofDelias hyparete is 15 186 bp in length, and has typical sets of 37 genes： 13 protein-coding genes （PCGs）, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs and a non-coding A＋T-rich region. All protein-coding genes are initiated by ATN codons, except for C01, which is tentatively designated by the CGA codon, as observed in other butterfly species. A total of 10 PCGs harbored the complete termination codon TAA or TAG; while the C01, C011and ND5 genes ended at a single T residue. All 22 tRNA genes show typical clover structures, with the exception of the tRNAser（AGn） which lacks the dihydrouridine （DHU） stem and is instead replaced by a simple loop. Thirteen intergenic spacers totaling 153 bp, and 13 overlapping regions totaling 46 bp are scattered throughout the whole genome. The 377 bp long olD. hyparete A＋T-rich region is not comprised of large repetitive sequences, but harbors several features characteristic of the lepidopteran insects, including the motif ATAGA followed by an 18 bp poly-T stretch, a microsatellite-like （AT）s element preceded by the ATTTA motif, an 10 bp polyA-like stretch （AAAAATAAAA） present immediately upstream tRNAMet.展开更多
In this study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of four pierid butterfly species, namely Batltia butleri, Talbotia naganum, Pontia callidice and P. daplidice, were newly sequenced and characterized. Meanwhile the ph...In this study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of four pierid butterfly species, namely Batltia butleri, Talbotia naganum, Pontia callidice and P. daplidice, were newly sequenced and characterized. Meanwhile the phylogenetic relationships of the main Pieridae lineages covering 22 pierid butterfly species, were reconstructed with Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods based on different mitogenomic datasets, including the concatenated 13 PCGs, 13 PCGs ＋ 2 rRNAs, 2 rRNAs, 2 rRNAs ＋ 22 tRNAs and 22 tRNAs sequences, respectively. Our results of mitogenomic analysis showed that the four mitogenomes were 15,124, 15,155, 15,109, 15,124 bp in size, with the gene orders and arangements identical to all other butterflies determined. Our results of phylogenetic analyses upon protein coding genes, rRNA genes or their sequence combinations indicated that the three pierid subfamilies of this study were all monophyletic, with their relationships of being（Dismorphiinae,（Pierinae, Coliadinae））; the phylogenetic relationship of Pierini of this study was（Pieris,（Baltia,（Talbotia, Pontia））） ＋（Prioneris,（Delias, Aporia））. Additionally, our analyses suggested that only mitogenomic t RNA sequence datasets were not ready to be utilized in resolving the deeper phylogeny, whereas somewhat suitable to be applied in clarifying the phylogenies of closely related species, of the pierid butterflies.展开更多
The butterflies are beautiful creature of nature with great economic importance as pollinator as well as bio-indicator of environments. The present survey was conducted to determine the biology and distribution of but...The butterflies are beautiful creature of nature with great economic importance as pollinator as well as bio-indicator of environments. The present survey was conducted to determine the biology and distribution of butterfly fauna of Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, Pakistan during March-June 2012. The study area was divided into 3 quadrates, i.e., residential area, administration area and main campus. A total of 170 specimens were collected, 10 species were identified belonging to 3 different families and falling in 8 genera. The species were identified. The painted lady, Cynthia cardui (Linnaeus);blue pansy, Junonia orithya Linnaeus;and plain tiger, Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus) were belonging to family Nymphalidae. The lime butterfly, Papilio demoleus Linnaeus and com-mon mormon, P. polytes Linnaeus were belonging to family Papilionidae. The dark clouded yellow, Colias croceus (Geoffroy);common grass yellow, Eumera hecab (Linnaeus);Murree green-veined white, Pieris ajaka Moore;green-veined white, P. napi (Linnaeus) and Bath white, Pontia daplidice (Linnaeus) were belonging to family Pieridae. The body sizes of E. hecabe and J. orithya were minimum, i.e., 1.4 cm (n = 4 - 13), however, D. chrysippus was maximum, i.e., 2.5 cm (n = 1). The wingspan of E. hecabe was minimum, i.e., 3.7 cm (n = 4), however, P. polytes was maximum, i.e., 7.5 cm (n = 1). Proper preventive measures should be taken into consideration in order to minimize the natural habitat loss, as butterfly fauna is dependent upon proper environmental conditions.展开更多
基金the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41172004)the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX22YW2JC104)the Opening Funds from the State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.104143)。
文摘In the present study,we report the first complete mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of the Painted Jezebel,Delias hyparete.The mitogenome of Delias hyparete is 15186 bp in length,and has typical sets of 37 genes:13 protein-coding genes(PCGs),2 ribosomal RNAs,22 transfer RNAs and a non-coding A+T-rich region.All protein-coding genes are initiated by ATN codons,except for COI,which is tentatively designated by the CGA codon,as observed in other butterfly species.A total of 10 PCGs harbored the complete termination codon TAA or TAG,while the COI,COII and ND5 genes ended at a single T residue.All 22 tRNA genes show typical clover structures,with the exception of the tRNASer(AGN)which lacks the dihydrouridine(DHU)stem and is instead replaced by a simple loop.Thirteen intergenic spacers totaling 153 bp,and 13 overlapping regions totaling 46 bp are scattered throughout the whole genome.The 377 bp long of D.hyparete A+T-rich region is not comprised of large repetitive sequences,but harbors several features characteristic of the lepidopteran insects,including the motif ATAGA followed by an 18 bp poly-T stretch,a microsatellite-like(AT)5 element preceded by the ATTTA motif,an 10 bp polyA-like stretch(AAAAATAAAA)present immediately upstream tRNAMet.
基金Foundation items： This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China （Grant No.41172004）, the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams, Chinese Academy of Sciences （Grant No. KZCX22YW2JC104）, and the Opening Funds from the State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences （Grant No. 104143）
文摘In the present study, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome （mitogenome） of the Painted Jezebel, Delias hyparete. The mitogenome ofDelias hyparete is 15 186 bp in length, and has typical sets of 37 genes： 13 protein-coding genes （PCGs）, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs and a non-coding A＋T-rich region. All protein-coding genes are initiated by ATN codons, except for C01, which is tentatively designated by the CGA codon, as observed in other butterfly species. A total of 10 PCGs harbored the complete termination codon TAA or TAG; while the C01, C011and ND5 genes ended at a single T residue. All 22 tRNA genes show typical clover structures, with the exception of the tRNAser（AGn） which lacks the dihydrouridine （DHU） stem and is instead replaced by a simple loop. Thirteen intergenic spacers totaling 153 bp, and 13 overlapping regions totaling 46 bp are scattered throughout the whole genome. The 377 bp long olD. hyparete A＋T-rich region is not comprised of large repetitive sequences, but harbors several features characteristic of the lepidopteran insects, including the motif ATAGA followed by an 18 bp poly-T stretch, a microsatellite-like （AT）s element preceded by the ATTTA motif, an 10 bp polyA-like stretch （AAAAATAAAA） present immediately upstream tRNAMet.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41172004,41472028)the funds from the State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy(Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,CAS)(Y626040108)
文摘In this study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of four pierid butterfly species, namely Batltia butleri, Talbotia naganum, Pontia callidice and P. daplidice, were newly sequenced and characterized. Meanwhile the phylogenetic relationships of the main Pieridae lineages covering 22 pierid butterfly species, were reconstructed with Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods based on different mitogenomic datasets, including the concatenated 13 PCGs, 13 PCGs ＋ 2 rRNAs, 2 rRNAs, 2 rRNAs ＋ 22 tRNAs and 22 tRNAs sequences, respectively. Our results of mitogenomic analysis showed that the four mitogenomes were 15,124, 15,155, 15,109, 15,124 bp in size, with the gene orders and arangements identical to all other butterflies determined. Our results of phylogenetic analyses upon protein coding genes, rRNA genes or their sequence combinations indicated that the three pierid subfamilies of this study were all monophyletic, with their relationships of being（Dismorphiinae,（Pierinae, Coliadinae））; the phylogenetic relationship of Pierini of this study was（Pieris,（Baltia,（Talbotia, Pontia））） ＋（Prioneris,（Delias, Aporia））. Additionally, our analyses suggested that only mitogenomic t RNA sequence datasets were not ready to be utilized in resolving the deeper phylogeny, whereas somewhat suitable to be applied in clarifying the phylogenies of closely related species, of the pierid butterflies.
文摘The butterflies are beautiful creature of nature with great economic importance as pollinator as well as bio-indicator of environments. The present survey was conducted to determine the biology and distribution of butterfly fauna of Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, Pakistan during March-June 2012. The study area was divided into 3 quadrates, i.e., residential area, administration area and main campus. A total of 170 specimens were collected, 10 species were identified belonging to 3 different families and falling in 8 genera. The species were identified. The painted lady, Cynthia cardui (Linnaeus);blue pansy, Junonia orithya Linnaeus;and plain tiger, Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus) were belonging to family Nymphalidae. The lime butterfly, Papilio demoleus Linnaeus and com-mon mormon, P. polytes Linnaeus were belonging to family Papilionidae. The dark clouded yellow, Colias croceus (Geoffroy);common grass yellow, Eumera hecab (Linnaeus);Murree green-veined white, Pieris ajaka Moore;green-veined white, P. napi (Linnaeus) and Bath white, Pontia daplidice (Linnaeus) were belonging to family Pieridae. The body sizes of E. hecabe and J. orithya were minimum, i.e., 1.4 cm (n = 4 - 13), however, D. chrysippus was maximum, i.e., 2.5 cm (n = 1). The wingspan of E. hecabe was minimum, i.e., 3.7 cm (n = 4), however, P. polytes was maximum, i.e., 7.5 cm (n = 1). Proper preventive measures should be taken into consideration in order to minimize the natural habitat loss, as butterfly fauna is dependent upon proper environmental conditions.
