The number of newborns born with diseases is increasing recently.Thyroid hormones(THs)are closely related to the growth and development of the newborn in the mother's womb and to the carriage of related diseases a...The number of newborns born with diseases is increasing recently.Thyroid hormones(THs)are closely related to the growth and development of the newborn in the mother's womb and to the carriage of related diseases after birth.Environmental endocrine-disrupting compounds(EDCs)have been proven to harm THs in newborns.Phthalates(PAEs),a typical class of EDCs,are commonly used in toys,childcare materials,and food contact materials,which have been closely connected with neonatal thyroid dysfunction and thyroid-related diseases.As restrictions on PAEs becomemore stringent in neonatal field,numerous PAE alternatives are emerging.Associations between exposure to PAEs and their alternatives and dysfunctions in THs have been explored.Hence,we summarized the body burdens and regional characteristics of PAEs and their alternatives in neonatal urine,cord blood,and meconium.Subsequently,the influences of PAEs and their alternatives on thyroid dysfunction,prematurity,low birth weight,fetal growth restriction,respiratory dysfunction,immune disorders,neurological disorders,and reproductive disorders in newborns were evaluated.Furthermore,we scrutinized the effects of PAEs and their alternatives on the neonatal thyroid from signaling,substance transport,and hormone production to explore the underlying mechanisms of action on neonatal thyroid and thyroid-related disorders.As the declining global trends of healthy newborns and the potential impacts of PAEs and their alternatives on thyroid function,a more comprehensive study is needed to discuss their effects on newborns and their underlying mechanisms.This review facilitates attention to the effects of PAEs and their alternatives on thyroid and thyroid-related disorders in newborns.展开更多
Phthalate esters(PAEs),recognized as endocrine disruptors,are released into the environment during usage,thereby exerting adverse ecological effects.This study investigates the occurrence,sources,and risk assessment o...Phthalate esters(PAEs),recognized as endocrine disruptors,are released into the environment during usage,thereby exerting adverse ecological effects.This study investigates the occurrence,sources,and risk assessment of PAEs in surface water obtained from 36 sampling points within the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins.The total concentration of PAEs in the Yellow River spans from124.5 to 836.5 ng/L,with Dimethyl phthalate(DMP)(75.4±102.7 ng/L)and Diisobutyl phthalate(DiBP)(263.4±103.1 ng/L)emerging as the predominant types.Concentrations exhibit a pattern of upstream(512.9±202.1 ng/L)>midstream(344.5±135.3 ng/L)>downstream(177.8±46.7 ng/L).In the Yangtze River,the total concentration ranges from 81.9 to 441.6 ng/L,with DMP(46.1±23.4 ng/L),Diethyl phthalate(DEP)(93.3±45.2 ng/L),and DiBP(174.2±67.6 ng/L)as the primary components.Concentration levels follow a midstream(324.8±107.3 ng/L)>upstream(200.8±51.8 ng/L)>downstream(165.8±71.6 ng/L)pattern.Attention should be directed towards the moderate ecological risks of DiBP in the upstream of HH,and both the upstream and midstream of CJ need consideration for the moderate ecological risks associated with Di-n-octyl phthalate(DNOP).Conversely,in other regions,the associated risk with PAEs is either low or negligible.The main source of PAEs in Yellow River is attributed to the release of construction land,while in the Yangtze River Basin,it stems from the accumulation of pollutants in lakes and forests discharged into the river.These findings are instrumental for pinpointing sources of PAEs pollution and formulating control strategies in the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers,providing valuable insights for global PAEs research in other major rivers.展开更多
Obesity,a chronic,complex disease characterized by excess fat deposits,has become a major public health issue worldwide.Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that obesity can result in a greater risk of several ha...Obesity,a chronic,complex disease characterized by excess fat deposits,has become a major public health issue worldwide.Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that obesity can result in a greater risk of several harmful outcomes,such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases[1].展开更多
Objective:To investigate the potential of ascorbic acid in mitigating reproductive toxicity induced by di-(2-ethyl hexyl)phthalate(DEHP)in female Wistar rats,focusing on oxidative stress,hormone levels,and gonadotropi...Objective:To investigate the potential of ascorbic acid in mitigating reproductive toxicity induced by di-(2-ethyl hexyl)phthalate(DEHP)in female Wistar rats,focusing on oxidative stress,hormone levels,and gonadotropin receptors expression.Methods:Forty female Wistar rats[30 days old,weighing(60±10)g]were randomly divided into five groups(n=8 per group).Group 1 received corn oil(control).Groups 2 and 3 were administered DEHP at 10 and 100 mg/kg body weight(b.wt.),respectively.Groups 4 and 5 received DEHP at 10 and 100 mg/kg b.wt.,respectively,plus ascorbic acid 100 mg/kg b.wt..All treatments were given orally for 30 days.Blood and ovarian tissues were collected to assess serum reproductive hormones,gonadotropin receptor gene expression,oxidative stress markers,and apoptosis.Results:DEHP,particularly at the higher dose,significantly decreased hormone levels(follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,estradiol)and gonadotropin receptor gene expression(FSHR,LHR),while increasing oxidative stress and apoptosis.Co-treatment with ascorbic acid significantly improved these parameters,reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis,and restoring hormone levels and gonadotropin receptor expression.Histopathology revealed fewer atretic follicles and less disruption in ovarian structure in DEHP and ascorbic acid-treated groups compared to those treated with DEHP alone.Conclusions:Ascorbic acid demonstrates protective effects against DEHP-induced reproductive toxicity in female rats,likely through mitigating oxidative stress and normalizing hormone levels and ovarian function.展开更多
To explore the mechanism of sperm dysfunction caused by dibutyl phthalate(DBP),the effects of DBP on intracellular[Ca^(2+)]and[pH],reactive oxygen species(ROS),lipid peroxidation(LPO),mitochondrial permeability transi...To explore the mechanism of sperm dysfunction caused by dibutyl phthalate(DBP),the effects of DBP on intracellular[Ca^(2+)]and[pH],reactive oxygen species(ROS),lipid peroxidation(LPO),mitochondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP)opening,mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),adenosine triphosphate(ATP)levels,phosphorylation of protein kinase A(PKA)substrate proteins and phosphotyrosine(p-Tyr)proteins,sperm motility,spontaneous acrosome reaction,and tail bending were examined in mouse spermatozoa.At 100μg/mL,DBP significantly increased tail bending and[Ca^(2+)]i.Interestingly,DBP showed biphasic effects on[pH]i.DBP at 10–100μg/mL significantly decreased sperm motility.Similarly,Ca^(2+)ionophore A23187 decreased[pH]_(i)sperm motility,suggesting that DBP-induced excessive[Ca^(2+)]_(i)decreased sperm motility.DBP significantly increased ROS and LPO.DBP at 100μg/mL significantly decreased mPTP closing,MMP,and ATP levels in spermatozoa,as did H2O2,indicative of ROS-mediatedmitochondrial dysfunction caused by DBP.DBP as well as H2O2 increased p-Tyr sperm proteins and phosphorylated PKA substrate sperm proteins.DBP at 1–10μg/mL significantly increased the spontaneous acrosome reaction,suggesting that DBP can activate sperm capacitation.Altogether,DBP showed a biphasic effect on intracellular signaling in spermatozoa.At concentrations relevant to seminal ortho-phthalate levels,DBP activates[pH]i,protein tyrosine kinases and PKA via physiological levels of ROS generation,potentiating sperm capacitation.DBP at high doses excessively raises[Ca^(2+)]_(i)and ROS and disrupts[pH]i,impairing the mitochondrial function,tail structural integrity,and sperm motility.展开更多
Phthalate(PAEs)and Bisphenols(BPs)are plasticizers or additives in consumer products.They are typical endocrine disruptors,and potential health hazards may occur when people are exposed to them through inhalation,inge...Phthalate(PAEs)and Bisphenols(BPs)are plasticizers or additives in consumer products.They are typical endocrine disruptors,and potential health hazards may occur when people are exposed to them through inhalation,ingestion,and dermal contact.The current research on inhalation exposure pays limited attention to the particle distribution of PAEs and BPs in air,although particulate-bound pollutants are usually size-dependent.In this study,we discussed the size resolution of PAEs and BPs in air particles from city waste recycling plants.With paired urine samples of the workers,we also compared the internal and external exposure of PAEs and BPs and related potential health risks.The particulatebound PAEs and BPs concentrated mainly on coarse particles(Dp>2.1μm),with a bimodal distribution,and the peak particle size ranged from 9–10 to 4.7–5.85μm,respectively.Model calculation revealed that the deposition fluxes of PAEs in different respiratory regions followed the sequence of head airways(167±92.8 ng/h)>alveolar region(18.9±9.96 ng/h)>tracheobronchial region(9.20±5.22 ng/h),and the similar trends went for BPs.The daily intakes of PAEs and BPs via dust ingestion were higher than those fromrespiratory inhalation and dermal contact,with mean value of 96 and 0.88 ng/(kg-bw day),respectively.For internal exposure,the estimated daily intakes of PAEs for waste recycling workers were higher than those in e-waste dismantling workers,while the exposure levels of bisphenols were comparable.Overall,the potential health risks from inhalation exposure to particulate-bound PAEs and BPs were low.展开更多
A kind of environmental friendly anodizing routine for AZ91D magnesium alloy,based on an alkaline borate-potassium acid phthalate（KAP） electrolyte,was studied.The effect of KAP on the properties of the anodized film...A kind of environmental friendly anodizing routine for AZ91D magnesium alloy,based on an alkaline borate-potassium acid phthalate（KAP） electrolyte,was studied.The effect of KAP on the properties of the anodized film was investigated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,energy dispersive spectrometry（EDS）,potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）,respectively.The results showed that the anodizing process,surface morphology,thickness,phase structure and corrosion resistance of the anodized film were strongly dependent on the concentration of KAP.In the presence of adequate KAP,a compact and smooth anodized film with excellent corrosion resistance was obtained.展开更多
A new method for simultaneous determination of four phthalate esters （ PAEs） in commercial fat-containing foods was developed by the combination of a packed nanofibers column based on solid-phase extraction with gas...A new method for simultaneous determination of four phthalate esters （ PAEs） in commercial fat-containing foods was developed by the combination of a packed nanofibers column based on solid-phase extraction with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector （ GC-FID ）. Conditions for obtaining optimum extraction efficiency such as extraction solvents, morphologies of adsorbent, ion strength and pH were investigated and optimized in detail. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection （LODs） found for dibutyl phthalate （DBP） , butyl benzyl phthalate （BBP）, diethyl hexyl phthalate （DEHP） and di-n-octyl phthalate （DNOP） were 50, 25, 50 and 25 ng/g, respectively. Good linearity of four PAEs was achieved in the range of 50 to 4 000 ng/g. The proposed method was applied for analyzing different kinds of fat-containing samples. PAEs in commercial fat-containing samples can be highly extracted by a packed solid-phase extraction column of 5 mg polystyrene （ PS） nanofibers. The satisfactory average recoveries were obtained in the range of 96. 7% to 102. 3% , and the relative standard deviations （RSDs） below 5% were achieved. The proposed method reduces the organic solvent consumption, the complex and tedious procedures for sample pretreatment, and achieves high sensitivity and reproducibility for the investigated PAEs.展开更多
Pharmaceutical companies that produce gastrointestinal(GI)medications often utilize phthalates for their ability to localize medication release.Commonly prescribed GI medications that may utilize phthalates are 5-Amin...Pharmaceutical companies that produce gastrointestinal(GI)medications often utilize phthalates for their ability to localize medication release.Commonly prescribed GI medications that may utilize phthalates are 5-Aminosalicylates,proton pump inhibitors,and pancreatic enzymes.Our understanding of the cumulative health effects of phthalates from medications remains unclear,and there is increasing evidence that phthalates are not harmless.Experimental studies in animals have shown that phthalates,specifically dibutyl phthalate and Di-(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate,have the potential to alter and/or inhibit reproductive biology and in utero development.Despite the lack of definitive human data,many cohort and cross-sectional studies demonstrate concerning associations between phthalates and poor health status,specifically developmental problems.Longitudinal studies and studies with larger sample sizes are required to determine whether phthalates actually cause negative health consequences.It is also important that physicians regularly review and discuss with patients the medicinal ingredients in their medications and supplements,specifically in pregnant woman with inflammatory bowel disease.展开更多
By using plate screening techniques with five phthalate esters （DMP, DEP, DBP, DEHP and DOP） as energy and carbon sources, an active strain was isolated from the sediments of Chaohu Lake, which was identified as Bur...By using plate screening techniques with five phthalate esters （DMP, DEP, DBP, DEHP and DOP） as energy and carbon sources, an active strain was isolated from the sediments of Chaohu Lake, which was identified as Burkholderia pickettil and named B. pickettii.z-1. The biodegradation of five phthalate esters by B. pick- ettii.z-1 strain was in accordance with the pseudo first-order kinetic equation： Ct = C0.e-kt. As the concentration of phthalate esters increased, the degradation rate of phthalate esters was reduced. B. pickettii.z-1 strain exhibited remarkably different degradation effects on various PAEs. Specifically, short-side-chain DMP and DEP were degraded rapidly, while long-side-chain DBP and DEHP were degraded slowly.展开更多
Vanadium pentoxide（V2O5）/molybdenum trioxide（MoO 3） composites with different molar ratios of vanadium（V） to molybdenum（Mo） were synthesized via a simple electrospinning technique. The photocatalytic activity ...Vanadium pentoxide（V2O5）/molybdenum trioxide（MoO 3） composites with different molar ratios of vanadium（V） to molybdenum（Mo） were synthesized via a simple electrospinning technique. The photocatalytic activity of the composites were evaluated by their ability to photodegrade methylene blue and dimethyl phthalate（DMP） under visible-light irradiation. Compared with pure V2O5 and MoO 3,the V2O5/MoO 3 composites showed enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity because of a V 3d impurity energy level and the formation of heterostructures at the interface between V2O5 and MoO 3. The optimal molar ratio of V to Mo in the V2O5/MoO 3 composites was found to be around 1/2. Furthermore,high-performance liquid chromatographic monitoring revealed that phthalic acid was the main intermediate in the photocatalytic degradation process of DMP.展开更多
As primary degradation products of phthalate esters,phthalate monoesters(MPEs)have been widely detected in various aquatic environments and drawn growing toxicological concerns.Hydrolysis kinetics that is of importanc...As primary degradation products of phthalate esters,phthalate monoesters(MPEs)have been widely detected in various aquatic environments and drawn growing toxicological concerns.Hydrolysis kinetics that is of importance for assessing environmental persistence of chemicals remain elusive for MPEs.Herein,kinetics of base-catalyzed and neutral hydrolysis for 18 MPEs with different leaving groups was investigated by density functional theory calculation.Results indicate that MPEs with leaving groups having p Kaof<10 prefer dissociative transition states.MPEs are more persistent than their parents,and their hydrolysis half-lives were calculated to vary from 3.4 min to 79.2 years(p H=7–9).A quantitative structure-activity relationship model was developed for predicting the hydrolysis kinetics parameters.It was found that p Kaof the leaving groups and electronegativity of the MPEs are key factors determining the hydrolysis kinetics.This work may lay a theoretical foundation for better understanding the chemical process that governs MPE persistence in aquatic environments.展开更多
In this paper the measured values of the vapor pressures by ebulliometer method of two important maleic anhydride recovery solvents, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-iso-butyl hexahydrophthalate (DIBE), between 0.63...In this paper the measured values of the vapor pressures by ebulliometer method of two important maleic anhydride recovery solvents, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-iso-butyl hexahydrophthalate (DIBE), between 0.63—17.79 kPa and 0.49—30.95 kPa,are reported respectively.A comparison of the data of DBP with the published data has been made, which shows good consistency. For the convenient use of these vapor pressures, Cragoe equation, Antoine equation and Kirchhoff equation are selected to correlate them. The correlating results show that Antoine equation is the best one of the three equations to fit for the vapor pressures of the two solvents. According to Clausius-Clapeyron equation, the linear relationship between natural logarithm of pressure and reciprocal of temperature is used to calculate the molar latent heats of evaporation of the two organic solvents. The molar latent heats of evaporation of DBP and DIBE are 75.1 kJ/mol and 67.7 kJ/mol, respectively.展开更多
Phthalates have been used in a wide variety of consumer goods. Their versatility as plasticizers has translated into worldwide use in a vast array of consumer products. These compounds can leach into matrices, such as...Phthalates have been used in a wide variety of consumer goods. Their versatility as plasticizers has translated into worldwide use in a vast array of consumer products. These compounds can leach into matrices, such as food and liquids that can be routed for human exposure. One of the most used phthalates is Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Diethylhexyl phthalate and its metabolite 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2-EH) have demonstrated biological effects which merit further evaluation. In this work, we expand on our previous work with DEHP and screen the 2-EH metabolite for different cell death endpoints such as growth inhibition, apoptosis, autophagy, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and cell cycle arrest using fluorophores and the NC3000 instrument. Significant results (p 0.05) revealed higher toxicity for the 2-EH metabolite when compared to DEHP. Also, 2-EH presented apoptosis induction with characteristic hallmarks, such as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest at the S phase. In addition, the presence of autophagosome was detected through L3CB protein staining. We conclude that 2-EH presents differences in cell death endpoints that interestingly differ from the DEHP parent compound. Further studies are needed to establish the molecular pathways responsible for the observed effects.展开更多
A method based on cloud point extraction was developed to determine phthalate esters including di-ethyl-phthalate （DEP）, di- （2-ethylhexyl）-phthalate （DEHP） and di-cyclohexyl-phthalate （DCP） in environmental w...A method based on cloud point extraction was developed to determine phthalate esters including di-ethyl-phthalate （DEP）, di- （2-ethylhexyl）-phthalate （DEHP） and di-cyclohexyl-phthalate （DCP） in environmental water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography separation and ultraviolet detection （HPLC-UV）. The non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 was chosen as extraction solvent. The parameters affecting extraction efficiency, such as concentrations of Triton X-114 and Na2SO4, equilibration temperature, equilibration time and centrifugation time were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the method can achieve preconcentration factors of 35, 88, 111 and detection of limits of 2.0, 3.8, 1.0 ng/ml for DEP, DEHP and DCP in 10-ml water sample, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of phathalate esters in effluent water of the wastewater treatment plant and the lixivium of plastic fragments.展开更多
Objective To investigate the associations of hormone circulation with phthalate exposure in adult men. Methods Semen and serum samples were collected from 118 men who were suspected of infertility. Phthalate diesters ...Objective To investigate the associations of hormone circulation with phthalate exposure in adult men. Methods Semen and serum samples were collected from 118 men who were suspected of infertility. Phthalate diesters including dibutyl phthalate （DBP） and diethylhexyl phthalate （DEHP） in both semen and serum samples were measured, along with serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）, luteinizing hormone （LH）, testosterone （T）, estradiol （E 2 ） and prolactin （PRL）. Results Serum PRL was positively associated with serum DBP and DEHP and semen DEHP in all models of Spearman correlation, linear regression and binary logistic regression. In linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders and excluding subjects with undetectable phthalates, a 10‐fold increase in semen DEHP was associated with a 23% increase in serum PRL, as well as a 26% increase in serum DBP and a 20% increase in serum DEHP. In logistic regression models all subjects demonstrated a dose‐response relationship between above reference value PRL and semen DEHP （odds ratio per tertile adjusted for potential confounders = 1.0, 1.70, 3.50; P for trend = 0.01）, and serum DBP （1.0, 1.10, 2.62; P for trend = 0.04）, and serum DEHP （1.0, 1.46, 4.69; P for trend 0.01）. A positive correlation between serum estradiol and semen DEHP （linear regression）, and an inverse correlation between semen DBP and serum testosterone and T：E 2 ratio （Spearman correlation） were also established. Conclusions Serum PRL is suggested to be positively associated with both DBP and DEHP exposure in adult men.展开更多
Plastics such as polyvinyl chlorides （PVC） are widely used in many indoor constructed environments; however, their unbound chemicals, such as di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalates （DEHP）, can leach into the surrounding e...Plastics such as polyvinyl chlorides （PVC） are widely used in many indoor constructed environments; however, their unbound chemicals, such as di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalates （DEHP）, can leach into the surrounding environment. This study focused on DEHP＇s effect on the central nervous system by determining the precise DEHP content in mice brain tissue after exposure to the chemical, to evaluate the specific exposure range. Primary neuronal-astrocyte co-culture systems were used as in vitro models for chemical hazard identification of DEHP. Oxidative stress was hypothesized as a probable mechanism involved, and therefore the total reactive oxygen species （ROS） concentration was determined as a biomarker of oxidative stress. In addition, NeuriteTracer, a neurite tracing plugin with ImageJ, was used to develop an assay for neurotoxicity to provide quantitative measurements of neurological parameters, such as neuronal number, neuron count and neurite length, all of which could indicate neurotoxic effects. The results showed that with 1 nmol/L DEHP exposure, there was a significant increase in ROS concentrations, indicating that the neuronal-astrocyte cultures were injured due to exposure to DEHP. In response, astrocyte proliferation （gliosis） was initiated, serving as a mechanism to maintain a homeostatic environment for neurons and protect neurons from toxic chemicals. There is a need to assess the cumulative effects of DEHP in animals to evaluate the possible uotake and effects on the human neuronal system from exoosure to DEHP in the indoor environment.展开更多
Phthalate esters （PAEs） are extensively applied in industry, and they migrate to environment during the process of production, employ, and treatment and axe difficult to be degraded in nature. However, some microorg...Phthalate esters （PAEs） are extensively applied in industry, and they migrate to environment during the process of production, employ, and treatment and axe difficult to be degraded in nature. However, some microorganisms could use them as the carbon source to growth. In this study, an Acinetobacter sp. strain LMB-5, capable of utilizing PAEs, was isolated from a vegetable greenhouse soil. The degradation capability of strain LMB-5 was also investigated by incubation in mineral salt medium containing different PAEs, dimethyl phthalate （DMP）, diethyl phthalate （DEP）, di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP）, and di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）. The strain could grow well with DMP, DEP, DBP, and DEHP. When the concentration of DBP increased from 100 to 400 mg L-1, the half-life extended from 9.5 to 15.5 h. In the concentration range of DBP, the degradation ability of strain LMB-5 could be described by first-order kinetics. During the biodegradation of DBP, three intermediates, 1,2-benzenedicaxboxylic acid,butyl methyl ester, DMP, and phthalic acid （PA） were detected, and the proposed pathway of DBP was identified. By analysis of bioinformatics, one esterase was cloned from the genome of LMB-5 and expressed in Escherichia coll. It displayed an ability to break the ester bonds of DBP. The enzyme exhibited maximal activity at pH 7.0 and 40 ℃ with DBP as the substrate. It was activated by Cu2＋ and Fe3＋ and had a high activity in the presence of low concentrations of methanol or dimethylsulfoxide （each 10%, volume：volume）. The Acinetobacter sp. strain LMB-5 may make a contribution to the remediation of soils polluted by PAEs in the future.展开更多
Phthalate esters(PAEs),typical pollutants widely used as plasticizers,are ubiquitous in various indoor and outdoor environments.PAEs exist in both gas and particle phases,posing risks to human health.In the present st...Phthalate esters(PAEs),typical pollutants widely used as plasticizers,are ubiquitous in various indoor and outdoor environments.PAEs exist in both gas and particle phases,posing risks to human health.In the present study,we chose four typical kinds of indoor and outdoor environments with the longest average human residence times to assess the human exposure in Hangzhou,including newly decorated residences,ordinary residences,offices and outdoor air.In order to analyze the pollution levels and characteristics of 15 gasand particle-phase PAEs in indoor and outdoor environments,air and particulate samples were collected simultaneously.The total PAEs concentrations in the four types of environments were 25,396,25,466.8,15,388.8 and 3616.2 ng/m^3,respectively.DEHP and DEP were the most abundant,and DMPP was at the lowest level.Distinct variations in the distributions of indoor/outdoor,gas/particle-phase and different molecular weights of PAEs were observed,showing that indoor environments were the main sources of PAEs pollution.While most PAEs tended to exsit in indoor sites and gas-phase,the high-molecular-weight chemicals tended to exist in the particle-phase and were mainly found in PM2.5.PAEs were more likely adsorbed by small particles,especially for the indoor environments.There existed a good correlation between the particle matter concentrations and the PAEs levels.In addition,neither temperature nor humidity had obvious effects on the distributions of the PAEs concentrations.展开更多
Excitation of metal-free graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4) under visible light can successfully achieve efficient activation of peroxymonosulfate(PMS). Synergistic effects and involved mechanism were systematically inv...Excitation of metal-free graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4) under visible light can successfully achieve efficient activation of peroxymonosulfate(PMS). Synergistic effects and involved mechanism were systematically investigated using a light-inert endocrine disrupting compound, dimethyl phthalate(DMP), as the target pollutant. Under visible light irradiation, DMP could not be degraded by direct g-C3 N4-mediated photocatalysis, while in the presence of PMS, the dominant radicals were converted from ·O2 to SO4·– and ·OH, resulting in effective DMP degradation and mineralization. Results showed that higher dosage of PMS or g-C3 N4 could increase the activation amount of PMS and corresponding DMP degradation efficiency, but the latter approach was more productive in terms of making the most of PMS. High DMP concentration hindered effective contact between PMS and g-C3 N4, but could provide efficient use of PMS. Higher DMP degradation efficiency was achieved at p H lower than the point of zero charge(5.4). Based on intermediates identification, the DMP degradation was found mainly through radical attack(·OH and SO4·–) of the benzene ring and oxidation of the aliphatic chains.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22225605)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3706600)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750200).
文摘The number of newborns born with diseases is increasing recently.Thyroid hormones(THs)are closely related to the growth and development of the newborn in the mother's womb and to the carriage of related diseases after birth.Environmental endocrine-disrupting compounds(EDCs)have been proven to harm THs in newborns.Phthalates(PAEs),a typical class of EDCs,are commonly used in toys,childcare materials,and food contact materials,which have been closely connected with neonatal thyroid dysfunction and thyroid-related diseases.As restrictions on PAEs becomemore stringent in neonatal field,numerous PAE alternatives are emerging.Associations between exposure to PAEs and their alternatives and dysfunctions in THs have been explored.Hence,we summarized the body burdens and regional characteristics of PAEs and their alternatives in neonatal urine,cord blood,and meconium.Subsequently,the influences of PAEs and their alternatives on thyroid dysfunction,prematurity,low birth weight,fetal growth restriction,respiratory dysfunction,immune disorders,neurological disorders,and reproductive disorders in newborns were evaluated.Furthermore,we scrutinized the effects of PAEs and their alternatives on the neonatal thyroid from signaling,substance transport,and hormone production to explore the underlying mechanisms of action on neonatal thyroid and thyroid-related disorders.As the declining global trends of healthy newborns and the potential impacts of PAEs and their alternatives on thyroid function,a more comprehensive study is needed to discuss their effects on newborns and their underlying mechanisms.This review facilitates attention to the effects of PAEs and their alternatives on thyroid and thyroid-related disorders in newborns.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Nos.2021YFC3200904 and 2022YFC3203705)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52270012 and 52070184).
文摘Phthalate esters(PAEs),recognized as endocrine disruptors,are released into the environment during usage,thereby exerting adverse ecological effects.This study investigates the occurrence,sources,and risk assessment of PAEs in surface water obtained from 36 sampling points within the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins.The total concentration of PAEs in the Yellow River spans from124.5 to 836.5 ng/L,with Dimethyl phthalate(DMP)(75.4±102.7 ng/L)and Diisobutyl phthalate(DiBP)(263.4±103.1 ng/L)emerging as the predominant types.Concentrations exhibit a pattern of upstream(512.9±202.1 ng/L)>midstream(344.5±135.3 ng/L)>downstream(177.8±46.7 ng/L).In the Yangtze River,the total concentration ranges from 81.9 to 441.6 ng/L,with DMP(46.1±23.4 ng/L),Diethyl phthalate(DEP)(93.3±45.2 ng/L),and DiBP(174.2±67.6 ng/L)as the primary components.Concentration levels follow a midstream(324.8±107.3 ng/L)>upstream(200.8±51.8 ng/L)>downstream(165.8±71.6 ng/L)pattern.Attention should be directed towards the moderate ecological risks of DiBP in the upstream of HH,and both the upstream and midstream of CJ need consideration for the moderate ecological risks associated with Di-n-octyl phthalate(DNOP).Conversely,in other regions,the associated risk with PAEs is either low or negligible.The main source of PAEs in Yellow River is attributed to the release of construction land,while in the Yangtze River Basin,it stems from the accumulation of pollutants in lakes and forests discharged into the river.These findings are instrumental for pinpointing sources of PAEs pollution and formulating control strategies in the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers,providing valuable insights for global PAEs research in other major rivers.
基金supported in part by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82304253).
文摘Obesity,a chronic,complex disease characterized by excess fat deposits,has become a major public health issue worldwide.Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that obesity can result in a greater risk of several harmful outcomes,such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases[1].
文摘Objective:To investigate the potential of ascorbic acid in mitigating reproductive toxicity induced by di-(2-ethyl hexyl)phthalate(DEHP)in female Wistar rats,focusing on oxidative stress,hormone levels,and gonadotropin receptors expression.Methods:Forty female Wistar rats[30 days old,weighing(60±10)g]were randomly divided into five groups(n=8 per group).Group 1 received corn oil(control).Groups 2 and 3 were administered DEHP at 10 and 100 mg/kg body weight(b.wt.),respectively.Groups 4 and 5 received DEHP at 10 and 100 mg/kg b.wt.,respectively,plus ascorbic acid 100 mg/kg b.wt..All treatments were given orally for 30 days.Blood and ovarian tissues were collected to assess serum reproductive hormones,gonadotropin receptor gene expression,oxidative stress markers,and apoptosis.Results:DEHP,particularly at the higher dose,significantly decreased hormone levels(follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,estradiol)and gonadotropin receptor gene expression(FSHR,LHR),while increasing oxidative stress and apoptosis.Co-treatment with ascorbic acid significantly improved these parameters,reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis,and restoring hormone levels and gonadotropin receptor expression.Histopathology revealed fewer atretic follicles and less disruption in ovarian structure in DEHP and ascorbic acid-treated groups compared to those treated with DEHP alone.Conclusions:Ascorbic acid demonstrates protective effects against DEHP-induced reproductive toxicity in female rats,likely through mitigating oxidative stress and normalizing hormone levels and ovarian function.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Republic of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Republic of Korea government(MSIT)(No.2022R1A2C1007831).
文摘To explore the mechanism of sperm dysfunction caused by dibutyl phthalate(DBP),the effects of DBP on intracellular[Ca^(2+)]and[pH],reactive oxygen species(ROS),lipid peroxidation(LPO),mitochondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP)opening,mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),adenosine triphosphate(ATP)levels,phosphorylation of protein kinase A(PKA)substrate proteins and phosphotyrosine(p-Tyr)proteins,sperm motility,spontaneous acrosome reaction,and tail bending were examined in mouse spermatozoa.At 100μg/mL,DBP significantly increased tail bending and[Ca^(2+)]i.Interestingly,DBP showed biphasic effects on[pH]i.DBP at 10–100μg/mL significantly decreased sperm motility.Similarly,Ca^(2+)ionophore A23187 decreased[pH]_(i)sperm motility,suggesting that DBP-induced excessive[Ca^(2+)]_(i)decreased sperm motility.DBP significantly increased ROS and LPO.DBP at 100μg/mL significantly decreased mPTP closing,MMP,and ATP levels in spermatozoa,as did H2O2,indicative of ROS-mediatedmitochondrial dysfunction caused by DBP.DBP as well as H2O2 increased p-Tyr sperm proteins and phosphorylated PKA substrate sperm proteins.DBP at 1–10μg/mL significantly increased the spontaneous acrosome reaction,suggesting that DBP can activate sperm capacitation.Altogether,DBP showed a biphasic effect on intracellular signaling in spermatozoa.At concentrations relevant to seminal ortho-phthalate levels,DBP activates[pH]i,protein tyrosine kinases and PKA via physiological levels of ROS generation,potentiating sperm capacitation.DBP at high doses excessively raises[Ca^(2+)]_(i)and ROS and disrupts[pH]i,impairing the mitochondrial function,tail structural integrity,and sperm motility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22176071)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2023A1515011879).
文摘Phthalate(PAEs)and Bisphenols(BPs)are plasticizers or additives in consumer products.They are typical endocrine disruptors,and potential health hazards may occur when people are exposed to them through inhalation,ingestion,and dermal contact.The current research on inhalation exposure pays limited attention to the particle distribution of PAEs and BPs in air,although particulate-bound pollutants are usually size-dependent.In this study,we discussed the size resolution of PAEs and BPs in air particles from city waste recycling plants.With paired urine samples of the workers,we also compared the internal and external exposure of PAEs and BPs and related potential health risks.The particulatebound PAEs and BPs concentrated mainly on coarse particles(Dp>2.1μm),with a bimodal distribution,and the peak particle size ranged from 9–10 to 4.7–5.85μm,respectively.Model calculation revealed that the deposition fluxes of PAEs in different respiratory regions followed the sequence of head airways(167±92.8 ng/h)>alveolar region(18.9±9.96 ng/h)>tracheobronchial region(9.20±5.22 ng/h),and the similar trends went for BPs.The daily intakes of PAEs and BPs via dust ingestion were higher than those fromrespiratory inhalation and dermal contact,with mean value of 96 and 0.88 ng/(kg-bw day),respectively.For internal exposure,the estimated daily intakes of PAEs for waste recycling workers were higher than those in e-waste dismantling workers,while the exposure levels of bisphenols were comparable.Overall,the potential health risks from inhalation exposure to particulate-bound PAEs and BPs were low.
基金Projects (50771092,21073162) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (08JC1421600) supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai,ChinaProject (2008AZ2018) supported by the Science and Technology Bureau of Jiaxing,China
文摘A kind of environmental friendly anodizing routine for AZ91D magnesium alloy,based on an alkaline borate-potassium acid phthalate（KAP） electrolyte,was studied.The effect of KAP on the properties of the anodized film was investigated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,energy dispersive spectrometry（EDS）,potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）,respectively.The results showed that the anodizing process,surface morphology,thickness,phase structure and corrosion resistance of the anodized film were strongly dependent on the concentration of KAP.In the presence of adequate KAP,a compact and smooth anodized film with excellent corrosion resistance was obtained.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China(973Program)(No.2012CB933302)the National Instrumental Research Program(No.2014YQ06077303)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81172720,21307086)Suzhou Science and Technology Department Foundation(No.ZXG201441)
文摘A new method for simultaneous determination of four phthalate esters （ PAEs） in commercial fat-containing foods was developed by the combination of a packed nanofibers column based on solid-phase extraction with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector （ GC-FID ）. Conditions for obtaining optimum extraction efficiency such as extraction solvents, morphologies of adsorbent, ion strength and pH were investigated and optimized in detail. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection （LODs） found for dibutyl phthalate （DBP） , butyl benzyl phthalate （BBP）, diethyl hexyl phthalate （DEHP） and di-n-octyl phthalate （DNOP） were 50, 25, 50 and 25 ng/g, respectively. Good linearity of four PAEs was achieved in the range of 50 to 4 000 ng/g. The proposed method was applied for analyzing different kinds of fat-containing samples. PAEs in commercial fat-containing samples can be highly extracted by a packed solid-phase extraction column of 5 mg polystyrene （ PS） nanofibers. The satisfactory average recoveries were obtained in the range of 96. 7% to 102. 3% , and the relative standard deviations （RSDs） below 5% were achieved. The proposed method reduces the organic solvent consumption, the complex and tedious procedures for sample pretreatment, and achieves high sensitivity and reproducibility for the investigated PAEs.
文摘Pharmaceutical companies that produce gastrointestinal(GI)medications often utilize phthalates for their ability to localize medication release.Commonly prescribed GI medications that may utilize phthalates are 5-Aminosalicylates,proton pump inhibitors,and pancreatic enzymes.Our understanding of the cumulative health effects of phthalates from medications remains unclear,and there is increasing evidence that phthalates are not harmless.Experimental studies in animals have shown that phthalates,specifically dibutyl phthalate and Di-(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate,have the potential to alter and/or inhibit reproductive biology and in utero development.Despite the lack of definitive human data,many cohort and cross-sectional studies demonstrate concerning associations between phthalates and poor health status,specifically developmental problems.Longitudinal studies and studies with larger sample sizes are required to determine whether phthalates actually cause negative health consequences.It is also important that physicians regularly review and discuss with patients the medicinal ingredients in their medications and supplements,specifically in pregnant woman with inflammatory bowel disease.
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2013AA102804B)Fund of Anhui Province Environmental Protection(2013-008)~~
文摘By using plate screening techniques with five phthalate esters （DMP, DEP, DBP, DEHP and DOP） as energy and carbon sources, an active strain was isolated from the sediments of Chaohu Lake, which was identified as Burkholderia pickettil and named B. pickettii.z-1. The biodegradation of five phthalate esters by B. pick- ettii.z-1 strain was in accordance with the pseudo first-order kinetic equation： Ct = C0.e-kt. As the concentration of phthalate esters increased, the degradation rate of phthalate esters was reduced. B. pickettii.z-1 strain exhibited remarkably different degradation effects on various PAEs. Specifically, short-side-chain DMP and DEP were degraded rapidly, while long-side-chain DBP and DEHP were degraded slowly.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(2137312021471022)+5 种基金the Development of Science and Technology Plan of Jilin ProvinceChina(2010154920130102001JC)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(PCSIRT13022)of Chinathe Program of Jilin Provincial Education Department(20131302013146)~~
文摘Vanadium pentoxide（V2O5）/molybdenum trioxide（MoO 3） composites with different molar ratios of vanadium（V） to molybdenum（Mo） were synthesized via a simple electrospinning technique. The photocatalytic activity of the composites were evaluated by their ability to photodegrade methylene blue and dimethyl phthalate（DMP） under visible-light irradiation. Compared with pure V2O5 and MoO 3,the V2O5/MoO 3 composites showed enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity because of a V 3d impurity energy level and the formation of heterostructures at the interface between V2O5 and MoO 3. The optimal molar ratio of V to Mo in the V2O5/MoO 3 composites was found to be around 1/2. Furthermore,high-performance liquid chromatographic monitoring revealed that phthalic acid was the main intermediate in the photocatalytic degradation process of DMP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22136001)the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2022YFC3902100)+2 种基金the Key R&D Program of Hebei Province (No.21374001D)the Supercomputing Center of Dalian University of Technologythe National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin。
文摘As primary degradation products of phthalate esters,phthalate monoesters(MPEs)have been widely detected in various aquatic environments and drawn growing toxicological concerns.Hydrolysis kinetics that is of importance for assessing environmental persistence of chemicals remain elusive for MPEs.Herein,kinetics of base-catalyzed and neutral hydrolysis for 18 MPEs with different leaving groups was investigated by density functional theory calculation.Results indicate that MPEs with leaving groups having p Kaof<10 prefer dissociative transition states.MPEs are more persistent than their parents,and their hydrolysis half-lives were calculated to vary from 3.4 min to 79.2 years(p H=7–9).A quantitative structure-activity relationship model was developed for predicting the hydrolysis kinetics parameters.It was found that p Kaof the leaving groups and electronegativity of the MPEs are key factors determining the hydrolysis kinetics.This work may lay a theoretical foundation for better understanding the chemical process that governs MPE persistence in aquatic environments.
文摘In this paper the measured values of the vapor pressures by ebulliometer method of two important maleic anhydride recovery solvents, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-iso-butyl hexahydrophthalate (DIBE), between 0.63—17.79 kPa and 0.49—30.95 kPa,are reported respectively.A comparison of the data of DBP with the published data has been made, which shows good consistency. For the convenient use of these vapor pressures, Cragoe equation, Antoine equation and Kirchhoff equation are selected to correlate them. The correlating results show that Antoine equation is the best one of the three equations to fit for the vapor pressures of the two solvents. According to Clausius-Clapeyron equation, the linear relationship between natural logarithm of pressure and reciprocal of temperature is used to calculate the molar latent heats of evaporation of the two organic solvents. The molar latent heats of evaporation of DBP and DIBE are 75.1 kJ/mol and 67.7 kJ/mol, respectively.
文摘Phthalates have been used in a wide variety of consumer goods. Their versatility as plasticizers has translated into worldwide use in a vast array of consumer products. These compounds can leach into matrices, such as food and liquids that can be routed for human exposure. One of the most used phthalates is Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Diethylhexyl phthalate and its metabolite 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2-EH) have demonstrated biological effects which merit further evaluation. In this work, we expand on our previous work with DEHP and screen the 2-EH metabolite for different cell death endpoints such as growth inhibition, apoptosis, autophagy, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and cell cycle arrest using fluorophores and the NC3000 instrument. Significant results (p 0.05) revealed higher toxicity for the 2-EH metabolite when compared to DEHP. Also, 2-EH presented apoptosis induction with characteristic hallmarks, such as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest at the S phase. In addition, the presence of autophagosome was detected through L3CB protein staining. We conclude that 2-EH presents differences in cell death endpoints that interestingly differ from the DEHP parent compound. Further studies are needed to establish the molecular pathways responsible for the observed effects.
基金Projected supported by the National Basic Research Program (973)of China (No. 2003CB415001)the Pilot Program of KnowledgeInnovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX3-SW-431).
文摘A method based on cloud point extraction was developed to determine phthalate esters including di-ethyl-phthalate （DEP）, di- （2-ethylhexyl）-phthalate （DEHP） and di-cyclohexyl-phthalate （DCP） in environmental water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography separation and ultraviolet detection （HPLC-UV）. The non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 was chosen as extraction solvent. The parameters affecting extraction efficiency, such as concentrations of Triton X-114 and Na2SO4, equilibration temperature, equilibration time and centrifugation time were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the method can achieve preconcentration factors of 35, 88, 111 and detection of limits of 2.0, 3.8, 1.0 ng/ml for DEP, DEHP and DCP in 10-ml water sample, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of phathalate esters in effluent water of the wastewater treatment plant and the lixivium of plastic fragments.
基金supported by a grant (08GWQ003) from the Shanghai Municipal Health Bureauby a grant (2007JG05) from the Shanghai Population and Family Planning Commission
文摘Objective To investigate the associations of hormone circulation with phthalate exposure in adult men. Methods Semen and serum samples were collected from 118 men who were suspected of infertility. Phthalate diesters including dibutyl phthalate （DBP） and diethylhexyl phthalate （DEHP） in both semen and serum samples were measured, along with serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）, luteinizing hormone （LH）, testosterone （T）, estradiol （E 2 ） and prolactin （PRL）. Results Serum PRL was positively associated with serum DBP and DEHP and semen DEHP in all models of Spearman correlation, linear regression and binary logistic regression. In linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders and excluding subjects with undetectable phthalates, a 10‐fold increase in semen DEHP was associated with a 23% increase in serum PRL, as well as a 26% increase in serum DBP and a 20% increase in serum DEHP. In logistic regression models all subjects demonstrated a dose‐response relationship between above reference value PRL and semen DEHP （odds ratio per tertile adjusted for potential confounders = 1.0, 1.70, 3.50; P for trend = 0.01）, and serum DBP （1.0, 1.10, 2.62; P for trend = 0.04）, and serum DEHP （1.0, 1.46, 4.69; P for trend 0.01）. A positive correlation between serum estradiol and semen DEHP （linear regression）, and an inverse correlation between semen DBP and serum testosterone and T：E 2 ratio （Spearman correlation） were also established. Conclusions Serum PRL is suggested to be positively associated with both DBP and DEHP exposure in adult men.
基金supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51136002)China Key Technologies R&D Program(No.2012BAJ02B03)
文摘Plastics such as polyvinyl chlorides （PVC） are widely used in many indoor constructed environments; however, their unbound chemicals, such as di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalates （DEHP）, can leach into the surrounding environment. This study focused on DEHP＇s effect on the central nervous system by determining the precise DEHP content in mice brain tissue after exposure to the chemical, to evaluate the specific exposure range. Primary neuronal-astrocyte co-culture systems were used as in vitro models for chemical hazard identification of DEHP. Oxidative stress was hypothesized as a probable mechanism involved, and therefore the total reactive oxygen species （ROS） concentration was determined as a biomarker of oxidative stress. In addition, NeuriteTracer, a neurite tracing plugin with ImageJ, was used to develop an assay for neurotoxicity to provide quantitative measurements of neurological parameters, such as neuronal number, neuron count and neurite length, all of which could indicate neurotoxic effects. The results showed that with 1 nmol/L DEHP exposure, there was a significant increase in ROS concentrations, indicating that the neuronal-astrocyte cultures were injured due to exposure to DEHP. In response, astrocyte proliferation （gliosis） was initiated, serving as a mechanism to maintain a homeostatic environment for neurons and protect neurons from toxic chemicals. There is a need to assess the cumulative effects of DEHP in animals to evaluate the possible uotake and effects on the human neuronal system from exoosure to DEHP in the indoor environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31401592)
文摘Phthalate esters （PAEs） are extensively applied in industry, and they migrate to environment during the process of production, employ, and treatment and axe difficult to be degraded in nature. However, some microorganisms could use them as the carbon source to growth. In this study, an Acinetobacter sp. strain LMB-5, capable of utilizing PAEs, was isolated from a vegetable greenhouse soil. The degradation capability of strain LMB-5 was also investigated by incubation in mineral salt medium containing different PAEs, dimethyl phthalate （DMP）, diethyl phthalate （DEP）, di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP）, and di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）. The strain could grow well with DMP, DEP, DBP, and DEHP. When the concentration of DBP increased from 100 to 400 mg L-1, the half-life extended from 9.5 to 15.5 h. In the concentration range of DBP, the degradation ability of strain LMB-5 could be described by first-order kinetics. During the biodegradation of DBP, three intermediates, 1,2-benzenedicaxboxylic acid,butyl methyl ester, DMP, and phthalic acid （PA） were detected, and the proposed pathway of DBP was identified. By analysis of bioinformatics, one esterase was cloned from the genome of LMB-5 and expressed in Escherichia coll. It displayed an ability to break the ester bonds of DBP. The enzyme exhibited maximal activity at pH 7.0 and 40 ℃ with DBP as the substrate. It was activated by Cu2＋ and Fe3＋ and had a high activity in the presence of low concentrations of methanol or dimethylsulfoxide （each 10%, volume：volume）. The Acinetobacter sp. strain LMB-5 may make a contribution to the remediation of soils polluted by PAEs in the future.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2016YFC0207103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21607127)the Brain Bridge project with Koninklijke Philips N.V. (No. BB3-2016-01)
文摘Phthalate esters(PAEs),typical pollutants widely used as plasticizers,are ubiquitous in various indoor and outdoor environments.PAEs exist in both gas and particle phases,posing risks to human health.In the present study,we chose four typical kinds of indoor and outdoor environments with the longest average human residence times to assess the human exposure in Hangzhou,including newly decorated residences,ordinary residences,offices and outdoor air.In order to analyze the pollution levels and characteristics of 15 gasand particle-phase PAEs in indoor and outdoor environments,air and particulate samples were collected simultaneously.The total PAEs concentrations in the four types of environments were 25,396,25,466.8,15,388.8 and 3616.2 ng/m^3,respectively.DEHP and DEP were the most abundant,and DMPP was at the lowest level.Distinct variations in the distributions of indoor/outdoor,gas/particle-phase and different molecular weights of PAEs were observed,showing that indoor environments were the main sources of PAEs pollution.While most PAEs tended to exsit in indoor sites and gas-phase,the high-molecular-weight chemicals tended to exist in the particle-phase and were mainly found in PM2.5.PAEs were more likely adsorbed by small particles,especially for the indoor environments.There existed a good correlation between the particle matter concentrations and the PAEs levels.In addition,neither temperature nor humidity had obvious effects on the distributions of the PAEs concentrations.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20160936,BK20160938)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51708297)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)~~
文摘Excitation of metal-free graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4) under visible light can successfully achieve efficient activation of peroxymonosulfate(PMS). Synergistic effects and involved mechanism were systematically investigated using a light-inert endocrine disrupting compound, dimethyl phthalate(DMP), as the target pollutant. Under visible light irradiation, DMP could not be degraded by direct g-C3 N4-mediated photocatalysis, while in the presence of PMS, the dominant radicals were converted from ·O2 to SO4·– and ·OH, resulting in effective DMP degradation and mineralization. Results showed that higher dosage of PMS or g-C3 N4 could increase the activation amount of PMS and corresponding DMP degradation efficiency, but the latter approach was more productive in terms of making the most of PMS. High DMP concentration hindered effective contact between PMS and g-C3 N4, but could provide efficient use of PMS. Higher DMP degradation efficiency was achieved at p H lower than the point of zero charge(5.4). Based on intermediates identification, the DMP degradation was found mainly through radical attack(·OH and SO4·–) of the benzene ring and oxidation of the aliphatic chains.
