Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has already been a multifunctional modality for various tumors and nontumorous diseases.However,the development of photosensitizers is relatively delayed,compared with the tremendous progress ...Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has already been a multifunctional modality for various tumors and nontumorous diseases.However,the development of photosensitizers is relatively delayed,compared with the tremendous progress in laser technology.Elsinochrome A(EA),a per-ylenequinonoid pigment from China,has all the typical advantages of perylenequinones.More-over,singlet oxygen quantum yield of EA is superior to other kinds of photosensitizers and EA could be artifially biosynthesized at present,which make it an alternative candidate for PDT.In.this review,the photophysics,photochemistry,photobiology and chemical or biological syntheses of EA photosensitizers are brielty presented.Besides,the future prospects of EA photosensitizers are also proposed.展开更多
In this research, some experimental measurements have been carried out to study the biological effects induced by laser irradiation on bacterial samples prepared by different ways and at different conditions. Consider...In this research, some experimental measurements have been carried out to study the biological effects induced by laser irradiation on bacterial samples prepared by different ways and at different conditions. Considering the induced samples, the effect of laser irradiation has been investigated through analyzing some of the properties of the transmitted and scattered laser beam for determining the stimulation or inhibition experienced by the investigated sample. In this study absorbance and scattering values have been measured as indicators of sample response to the irradiation laser beam. Absorbance and scattering have been investigated for different irradiation and sample parameters. Significant responses related to inhibition and stimulation effects of the investigated samples have been obtained. These results may significantly contribute in determining the effective utilization of the laser beam as a therapeutic tool for accelerating the wounds and burns healing of diabetic patients whom their response to anti-biotic is not appropriate. The simultaneous irradiation of samples with the use of anti-biotic shows significantly positive effect and fast response.展开更多
<u>Objective</u>: The main aim of the study was to determine whether COVID-19 epidemiological data reported by countries in different hemispheres correlated with the seasons of the year. Since stay-at-home...<u>Objective</u>: The main aim of the study was to determine whether COVID-19 epidemiological data reported by countries in different hemispheres correlated with the seasons of the year. Since stay-at-home orders could be a main factor affecting the time individuals spent outdoors, the progression of COVID-19 in countries that mandated the most stringent lock-downs and stay-at-home orders was compared to countries in the same hemisphere that did not order their citizens to remain at home. <u>Methods</u>: Infections attributed to COVID-19 per million inhabitants, deaths per infections × 100, and deaths per million inhabitants from different countries were analyzed utilizing national reports registered in the Johns’ Hopkins database together with the most recent world population data. The null hypothesis (no difference between countries with and without lock-downs) was tested (two tailed test, p < 0.01) for each paired set of data according to well established statistical analysis. <u>Results</u>: The shift of highest infection rates from countries in the northern-towards countries in the southern-hemisphere during early 2020 and the reverse in December of the same year correlates with the seasonal variation in the flux of germicidal sunlight. Mortality rate for the same virus among different countries did not show a seasonal component. COVID-19 infection mortality rate was considerably lower in developing countries of South America (11 of the largest countries) than in several (at least 8) developed European countries. <u>Discussion</u>: COVID-19 resulted in higher infections during winter than in summer. The finding of a seasonal component, correlating the progression of the pandemic with local solar flux, demonstrates that infectious virus in the environment plays a role in the pandemic since direct person-to-person transmission would afford little time for solar inactivation. Similar epidemiological data amongst “locked” and “unlocked” countries demonstrates that lock-downs and similar confining measures had no effect on the chances of healthy individuals becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 or dying of COVID-19.展开更多
We report a systematic investigation on the electronic and optical properties of four monomers which are elementary constituents of some of the protomolecules of eumelanin. Eumelanin is the most important form of mela...We report a systematic investigation on the electronic and optical properties of four monomers which are elementary constituents of some of the protomolecules of eumelanin. Eumelanin is the most important form of melanin which is one of the most universal natural pigments in living organisms. For the isolated monomers we performed all-electrons Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time Dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations with a localized Gaussian basis-set. For each monomer we determined a series of molecular properties, namely electron affinities, ionization energies, fundamental energy-gaps, optical absorption spectra, and exciton binding energies. We discuss moreover the possible implications of the above electronic and optical properties of the single monomers with respect to the properties of a recently proposed tetrameric protomolecule of eumelanin.展开更多
It has been shown by the results-of HPLC analysis in combination with spectrographicdeterminations that PsD-007 is composed of 7 different porphyrins,In order of the proportion inPsD-007,they are:3 （or 8）-（l-methox...It has been shown by the results-of HPLC analysis in combination with spectrographicdeterminations that PsD-007 is composed of 7 different porphyrins,In order of the proportion inPsD-007,they are:3 （or 8）-（l-methoxyethyl）-8 （or 3）-（l-hydroxyethyl）-deuteroporphyrin Ⅸ（MHD）;3,8-di-（l-methoxyethyl）-deuteroporphyrin Ⅸ（DMD）;3（or 8）-（l-methoxyethyl）-8 （or3）-vinyl-deuteroporphyrin Ⅸ（MVD）;3（or 8）-（l-hydroxyethyl）-8（or 3）-vinyl-deuteroporphyrin Ⅸ（HVD）;hernatoporphyrin Ⅸ （Hp）;protoporphyrin Ⅸ （Pp） and 3（or 8）-（O-aceylethyl）-8（or 3）-（l-hydroxyethyl）-deuteroporphrin Ⅸ （AHD）,which presented only in crude PsD-007 and hasbeen transformed into MHD and Hp,respectively during the separation and preparing the clinicalpreparation of PsD-007.Structures of these porphyrins were further eonfirmed by the corre-sponding anthentic samples obtained by synthetic method.It was found on the basis of the experi-mental data of photosensitizing ability in cell-free systems and photoinactivation of human cancercells in vitro as well as efficacy of photodynamic therapy for sarcoma.S<sub>180</sub> in mice of the ma-jor components MILD,DMD and MVD composed of which more over 85% of the totalamount of PsD-007,that they all exhibited comparatively high photosensitizing ability andphotodynamic effects on cancer cells and tram-planted animal tumor.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.21303223.
文摘Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has already been a multifunctional modality for various tumors and nontumorous diseases.However,the development of photosensitizers is relatively delayed,compared with the tremendous progress in laser technology.Elsinochrome A(EA),a per-ylenequinonoid pigment from China,has all the typical advantages of perylenequinones.More-over,singlet oxygen quantum yield of EA is superior to other kinds of photosensitizers and EA could be artifially biosynthesized at present,which make it an alternative candidate for PDT.In.this review,the photophysics,photochemistry,photobiology and chemical or biological syntheses of EA photosensitizers are brielty presented.Besides,the future prospects of EA photosensitizers are also proposed.
文摘In this research, some experimental measurements have been carried out to study the biological effects induced by laser irradiation on bacterial samples prepared by different ways and at different conditions. Considering the induced samples, the effect of laser irradiation has been investigated through analyzing some of the properties of the transmitted and scattered laser beam for determining the stimulation or inhibition experienced by the investigated sample. In this study absorbance and scattering values have been measured as indicators of sample response to the irradiation laser beam. Absorbance and scattering have been investigated for different irradiation and sample parameters. Significant responses related to inhibition and stimulation effects of the investigated samples have been obtained. These results may significantly contribute in determining the effective utilization of the laser beam as a therapeutic tool for accelerating the wounds and burns healing of diabetic patients whom their response to anti-biotic is not appropriate. The simultaneous irradiation of samples with the use of anti-biotic shows significantly positive effect and fast response.
文摘<u>Objective</u>: The main aim of the study was to determine whether COVID-19 epidemiological data reported by countries in different hemispheres correlated with the seasons of the year. Since stay-at-home orders could be a main factor affecting the time individuals spent outdoors, the progression of COVID-19 in countries that mandated the most stringent lock-downs and stay-at-home orders was compared to countries in the same hemisphere that did not order their citizens to remain at home. <u>Methods</u>: Infections attributed to COVID-19 per million inhabitants, deaths per infections × 100, and deaths per million inhabitants from different countries were analyzed utilizing national reports registered in the Johns’ Hopkins database together with the most recent world population data. The null hypothesis (no difference between countries with and without lock-downs) was tested (two tailed test, p < 0.01) for each paired set of data according to well established statistical analysis. <u>Results</u>: The shift of highest infection rates from countries in the northern-towards countries in the southern-hemisphere during early 2020 and the reverse in December of the same year correlates with the seasonal variation in the flux of germicidal sunlight. Mortality rate for the same virus among different countries did not show a seasonal component. COVID-19 infection mortality rate was considerably lower in developing countries of South America (11 of the largest countries) than in several (at least 8) developed European countries. <u>Discussion</u>: COVID-19 resulted in higher infections during winter than in summer. The finding of a seasonal component, correlating the progression of the pandemic with local solar flux, demonstrates that infectious virus in the environment plays a role in the pandemic since direct person-to-person transmission would afford little time for solar inactivation. Similar epidemiological data amongst “locked” and “unlocked” countries demonstrates that lock-downs and similar confining measures had no effect on the chances of healthy individuals becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 or dying of COVID-19.
文摘We report a systematic investigation on the electronic and optical properties of four monomers which are elementary constituents of some of the protomolecules of eumelanin. Eumelanin is the most important form of melanin which is one of the most universal natural pigments in living organisms. For the isolated monomers we performed all-electrons Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time Dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations with a localized Gaussian basis-set. For each monomer we determined a series of molecular properties, namely electron affinities, ionization energies, fundamental energy-gaps, optical absorption spectra, and exciton binding energies. We discuss moreover the possible implications of the above electronic and optical properties of the single monomers with respect to the properties of a recently proposed tetrameric protomolecule of eumelanin.
文摘It has been shown by the results-of HPLC analysis in combination with spectrographicdeterminations that PsD-007 is composed of 7 different porphyrins,In order of the proportion inPsD-007,they are:3 （or 8）-（l-methoxyethyl）-8 （or 3）-（l-hydroxyethyl）-deuteroporphyrin Ⅸ（MHD）;3,8-di-（l-methoxyethyl）-deuteroporphyrin Ⅸ（DMD）;3（or 8）-（l-methoxyethyl）-8 （or3）-vinyl-deuteroporphyrin Ⅸ（MVD）;3（or 8）-（l-hydroxyethyl）-8（or 3）-vinyl-deuteroporphyrin Ⅸ（HVD）;hernatoporphyrin Ⅸ （Hp）;protoporphyrin Ⅸ （Pp） and 3（or 8）-（O-aceylethyl）-8（or 3）-（l-hydroxyethyl）-deuteroporphrin Ⅸ （AHD）,which presented only in crude PsD-007 and hasbeen transformed into MHD and Hp,respectively during the separation and preparing the clinicalpreparation of PsD-007.Structures of these porphyrins were further eonfirmed by the corre-sponding anthentic samples obtained by synthetic method.It was found on the basis of the experi-mental data of photosensitizing ability in cell-free systems and photoinactivation of human cancercells in vitro as well as efficacy of photodynamic therapy for sarcoma.S<sub>180</sub> in mice of the ma-jor components MILD,DMD and MVD composed of which more over 85% of the totalamount of PsD-007,that they all exhibited comparatively high photosensitizing ability andphotodynamic effects on cancer cells and tram-planted animal tumor.
