The paper analyses aesthetic message at phonological level of Zhu Ziqing's lyric prose Transient Days and explores how such message is represented in English versions respectively translated by Zhang Peiji and Zhu...The paper analyses aesthetic message at phonological level of Zhu Ziqing's lyric prose Transient Days and explores how such message is represented in English versions respectively translated by Zhang Peiji and Zhu Chunshen.展开更多
Studies concerning phonological processing mainly use written stimuli.Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate the brain regions related to the phonological processing under the picture stimulus i...Studies concerning phonological processing mainly use written stimuli.Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate the brain regions related to the phonological processing under the picture stimulus in the rhyme task of Chinese language.Results of the test in 13 healthy college students whose native language is Chinese showed the extensive activation in the frontal lobe,parietal lobe and the occipitotemporal cortex,including the inferior frontal gyrus,middle frontal gyrus,supramarginal gyrus and medial occipitotemporal gyrus under the picture stimuli.Moreover,phonological processing induced activation in the superior temporal gyrus(BA 22)under the picture stimuli,but activation was not found in the middle temporal gyrus.展开更多
Language researchers have long been working on the language transfer theory since 1970s with an aim to help second language acquisition. Researches on transfer of pronunciation were explored from many aspects, such as...Language researchers have long been working on the language transfer theory since 1970s with an aim to help second language acquisition. Researches on transfer of pronunciation were explored from many aspects, such as phonetics, age, motivation and culture etc. By illustrating the Chinese learners' improper English pronunciation, it tries to discuss the negative transfer of their mother tongue on the English pronunciation on the theoretical basis of phonetic and phonological differences between the two languages. Based on these studies and analysis, it hopes to arouse the learners' awareness of the different pronunciation between English and Chinese and their interests in acquiring a native-like pronunciation, and hopefully the teachers will also help the learners have a good knowledge of the difference before they're affected by the negative transfer of Chinese.展开更多
Stuttering is a common neurological deficit and its underlying cognitive mechanisms are a matter of debate, with evidence suggesting abnormal modulation between speech encoding and other cognitive components. Previous...Stuttering is a common neurological deficit and its underlying cognitive mechanisms are a matter of debate, with evidence suggesting abnormal modulation between speech encoding and other cognitive components. Previous studies have mainly used single task experiments to investigate the disturbance of language production. It is unclear whether there is abnormal interaction between the three language tasks （orthographic, phonological and semantic judgment） in stuttering patients. This study used dual tasks and manipulated the stimulus onset asynchrony （SOA） between tasks 1 and 2 and the nature of the second task, including orthographic, phonological, and semantic judgments. The results showed that the performance records of orthographic judgment, phonological judgment, and semantic judgment were significantly reduced between the patient and control groups with short SOA （P 〈 0.05）. However, different patterns of interaction between task 2 and SOA were observed across subject groups： subjects with stuttering were more strongly modulated by SOA when the second task was semantic judgment or phonological judgment （P 〈 0.05）, but not in the orthographic judgment experiment （P 〉 0.05）. These results indicated that the interaction mechanism between semantic processing and phonological encoding might be an underlying cause for stuttering.展开更多
This study examined the influence of semantic and phonological priming on L2 speech planning,as well as the difference between native and non-native speakers of English in terms of lemma activation.Two potential expla...This study examined the influence of semantic and phonological priming on L2 speech planning,as well as the difference between native and non-native speakers of English in terms of lemma activation.Two potential explanations for the contrast between the performance of L2 speakers and native controls were considered.The first of which was that L2 speakers’ phonological forms are activated before selection of syntactic frame occurred,whereas the reverse is true for native speakers.The second explanation posits that the organisation of the speech production procedure is fundamentally similar in native and L2 speakers,and the disparity in performance arises from difference in the levels of activation of stored items.The results of the present experiment suggest that lemma selection is indeed what drives syntactic frame selection.However,lemmas in L2 speakers can be primed through a chain of connections demonstrated as:L2 phonological form →L1 phonological form → L1 lemma.展开更多
Studying foreign language attrition is important in the context of Chinese language learning because, in light of a growing worldwide interest in learning Chinese languages, language professionals need to understand t...Studying foreign language attrition is important in the context of Chinese language learning because, in light of a growing worldwide interest in learning Chinese languages, language professionals need to understand the complexities of Chinese language acquisition. However, little research exists to date on foreign language attrition among Chinese language learners. In this study, we examined the features of language attrition,especially phonological attrition, among Mandarin learners in a higher educational institution in Brunei Darussalam. Additionally, we sought to test, in a Bruneian context,prominent theories and hypotheses about language attrition, including markedness theory and functional load theory. Our sample consisted of 86 beginner Mandarin students who spoke Malay as their native language and English as the academic language. Participants were 18-20 years old and studied Mandarin formally 4 hours per week for 14 consecutive weeks, during which they were also required to study for 8 hours per week on their own.Subsequently, they took a 3-month break from studying. We tested participants before and after the break and computed descriptive statistics to compare the results of the two tests. Our results showed the greatest attrition rates in tones and special structures of Mandarin, with less attrition in final and initial sounds. We discuss specific phonological findings as they relate to native Malay speakers, and we describe how our findings confirm or contradict,within the Bruneian context, existing theories. We conclude that markedness theory is applicable in our research context, but our findings failed to support functional load theory.展开更多
Phonological period and fruit quality of Jingganghongnuo （JGHN） grafted on the rootstocks of Feizixiao （FZX）, Heiye （HY） and Huaizhi （HZ） respectively were recorded and comparatively studied from 2015 to 2017....Phonological period and fruit quality of Jingganghongnuo （JGHN） grafted on the rootstocks of Feizixiao （FZX）, Heiye （HY） and Huaizhi （HZ） respectively were recorded and comparatively studied from 2015 to 2017. The results showed that the whitish millets and flowering stage of JGHN grafted on FZX and HY rootstocks were respectively 3-17 days and 1-3 days earlier than those on HZ. While the fruit maturation stage was 5-7 days ahead of in the same comparative situation. Compared to fruits grafted on HZ, mean fruit weight of JGHN grafted on HY and FZX were 38.1% and 35.8% bigger respectively than that on HZ. In addition, more closely heart-shaped and brighter pericarp color of JGHN fruit were observed with rootstock of HZ than that with other two kinds of rootstocks. In terms of aborted-seed rates of JGHN, average value with rootstock FZX was 81.7%, which was 58.0% higher than that with HY, and 2.49 times of those with HZ. Vc content of JGHN grafted on HY and FZX were 30.47 and 25.86 mg/100 g respectively, significantly higher than that grafted on HZ. TSS and TA of JGHN grafted on HZ were 17.8% and 0.14%, both were obviously higher than that grafted on FZX and HY.展开更多
Phonological awareness research started from the 1960s.At present,this ability became a very heated discussed topic not only in the education circles but also the psychological field and other areas.The phonological t...Phonological awareness research started from the 1960s.At present,this ability became a very heated discussed topic not only in the education circles but also the psychological field and other areas.The phonological training is widely used and deeply emphasized in English speaking countries.However,only few is attached to English teaching in China.In order to investigate the effects of phonological awareness to vocabulary teaching,this study selected 60 primary students to investigate.The outcome of the research is very promising.The students'phonological awareness improved dramatically as well as their vocabulary recognition, pronunciation,spelling and memorizing.It implicated that phonological awareness is very necessary in vocabulary teaching.展开更多
This review mainly compares the major treatment approaches to child phonological disorder,namely,Core Vocabulary Approach for the treatment of inconsistent phonological disorder,Distinctive Features Approach and ABAB-...This review mainly compares the major treatment approaches to child phonological disorder,namely,Core Vocabulary Approach for the treatment of inconsistent phonological disorder,Distinctive Features Approach and ABAB-Withdrawal Approach for the treatment of consistent phonological disorder,and Eclectic Approach for real clinical treatment.Different approaches have different efficacy and the application of a certain treatment approach depends on the various conditions of the subjects.展开更多
Based on phonological knowledge, this paper analyzes the relation between phonological awareness and English reading ability, and puts forward some methods of strengthening phonological awareness.
Last decade witnesses the rethinking of traditional English teaching models for non-native speakers.The proposed new model—English as Lingua Franca(ELF)sheds light on what the non-native English learners really need ...Last decade witnesses the rethinking of traditional English teaching models for non-native speakers.The proposed new model—English as Lingua Franca(ELF)sheds light on what the non-native English learners really need to learn in the global setting,instead of constant following of the standard RP/GA norm.Though of much significance among the English users in the Expanding Circle,the new model faces no less challenges,especially in its phonological proposal—LFC.A discussion of these challenges is important to English language educators,for the implementation of ELF model relies on the solution of these potential problems.展开更多
This is study is the research that focuses on one element of metalinguistic awareness,phonological awareness.By exploring bilinguals’phonological awareness development,this paper attempts to find out its effects on m...This is study is the research that focuses on one element of metalinguistic awareness,phonological awareness.By exploring bilinguals’phonological awareness development,this paper attempts to find out its effects on minority group learners'English learning.展开更多
It is a general knowledge that French as a language is widely spoken internationally whereas Urhobo is mainly spoken in the geographical location where it belongs. It is also spoken, and this, sparingly so, by Urhobo ...It is a general knowledge that French as a language is widely spoken internationally whereas Urhobo is mainly spoken in the geographical location where it belongs. It is also spoken, and this, sparingly so, by Urhobo persons in the Diaspora. Presently, Urhobo has become a language of study at the Delta State University, Abraka. It has also been included in the educational curriculum for study at the lower cadre of secondary school education in the Delta State. This situation has triggered the author＇s interest in doing a contrastive phonological study. The significance of this study is that it will highlight the salient differences in some of the grammatical aspects in the languages under consideration and also identify the difficulties that learners experience as a result of these difficulties. The author will also, as much as it is possible, proffer solutions to these learning difficulties.展开更多
文摘The paper analyses aesthetic message at phonological level of Zhu Ziqing's lyric prose Transient Days and explores how such message is represented in English versions respectively translated by Zhang Peiji and Zhu Chunshen.
基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the Key Program of National Social Science Foundation of China in 2010,No.10&ZD126+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30740040the National Social Science Foundation of China,No.09CYY016the Humanities and Social Sciences Project of Ministry of Education during the 11th"Five-Year"Plan Period,No.07JA740027the Major Basic Research Program of Natural Science Research of Higher Learning School of Jiangsu Province,No.10KJA180051the Scientific Research Innovation Program for Postgraduate from Higher Learning School of Jiangsu Province in 2009,No.CX09S_011Rthe Key Program of Postgraduate Innovation Engineering of Xuzhou Normal University,No.08YLA003the Key Humanities and Social Sciences Program of Xuzhou Normal University in 2010,No.10SWA06
文摘Studies concerning phonological processing mainly use written stimuli.Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate the brain regions related to the phonological processing under the picture stimulus in the rhyme task of Chinese language.Results of the test in 13 healthy college students whose native language is Chinese showed the extensive activation in the frontal lobe,parietal lobe and the occipitotemporal cortex,including the inferior frontal gyrus,middle frontal gyrus,supramarginal gyrus and medial occipitotemporal gyrus under the picture stimuli.Moreover,phonological processing induced activation in the superior temporal gyrus(BA 22)under the picture stimuli,but activation was not found in the middle temporal gyrus.
文摘Language researchers have long been working on the language transfer theory since 1970s with an aim to help second language acquisition. Researches on transfer of pronunciation were explored from many aspects, such as phonetics, age, motivation and culture etc. By illustrating the Chinese learners' improper English pronunciation, it tries to discuss the negative transfer of their mother tongue on the English pronunciation on the theoretical basis of phonetic and phonological differences between the two languages. Based on these studies and analysis, it hopes to arouse the learners' awareness of the different pronunciation between English and Chinese and their interests in acquiring a native-like pronunciation, and hopefully the teachers will also help the learners have a good knowledge of the difference before they're affected by the negative transfer of Chinese.
基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2001,#14the Capital Medical Development Science Research Program,No.2005-2003
文摘Stuttering is a common neurological deficit and its underlying cognitive mechanisms are a matter of debate, with evidence suggesting abnormal modulation between speech encoding and other cognitive components. Previous studies have mainly used single task experiments to investigate the disturbance of language production. It is unclear whether there is abnormal interaction between the three language tasks （orthographic, phonological and semantic judgment） in stuttering patients. This study used dual tasks and manipulated the stimulus onset asynchrony （SOA） between tasks 1 and 2 and the nature of the second task, including orthographic, phonological, and semantic judgments. The results showed that the performance records of orthographic judgment, phonological judgment, and semantic judgment were significantly reduced between the patient and control groups with short SOA （P 〈 0.05）. However, different patterns of interaction between task 2 and SOA were observed across subject groups： subjects with stuttering were more strongly modulated by SOA when the second task was semantic judgment or phonological judgment （P 〈 0.05）, but not in the orthographic judgment experiment （P 〉 0.05）. These results indicated that the interaction mechanism between semantic processing and phonological encoding might be an underlying cause for stuttering.
文摘This study examined the influence of semantic and phonological priming on L2 speech planning,as well as the difference between native and non-native speakers of English in terms of lemma activation.Two potential explanations for the contrast between the performance of L2 speakers and native controls were considered.The first of which was that L2 speakers’ phonological forms are activated before selection of syntactic frame occurred,whereas the reverse is true for native speakers.The second explanation posits that the organisation of the speech production procedure is fundamentally similar in native and L2 speakers,and the disparity in performance arises from difference in the levels of activation of stored items.The results of the present experiment suggest that lemma selection is indeed what drives syntactic frame selection.However,lemmas in L2 speakers can be primed through a chain of connections demonstrated as:L2 phonological form →L1 phonological form → L1 lemma.
文摘Studying foreign language attrition is important in the context of Chinese language learning because, in light of a growing worldwide interest in learning Chinese languages, language professionals need to understand the complexities of Chinese language acquisition. However, little research exists to date on foreign language attrition among Chinese language learners. In this study, we examined the features of language attrition,especially phonological attrition, among Mandarin learners in a higher educational institution in Brunei Darussalam. Additionally, we sought to test, in a Bruneian context,prominent theories and hypotheses about language attrition, including markedness theory and functional load theory. Our sample consisted of 86 beginner Mandarin students who spoke Malay as their native language and English as the academic language. Participants were 18-20 years old and studied Mandarin formally 4 hours per week for 14 consecutive weeks, during which they were also required to study for 8 hours per week on their own.Subsequently, they took a 3-month break from studying. We tested participants before and after the break and computed descriptive statistics to compare the results of the two tests. Our results showed the greatest attrition rates in tones and special structures of Mandarin, with less attrition in final and initial sounds. We discuss specific phonological findings as they relate to native Malay speakers, and we describe how our findings confirm or contradict,within the Bruneian context, existing theories. We conclude that markedness theory is applicable in our research context, but our findings failed to support functional load theory.
基金Supported by Special Program of China Litchi and Longan Research System(CARS-33-22)
文摘Phonological period and fruit quality of Jingganghongnuo （JGHN） grafted on the rootstocks of Feizixiao （FZX）, Heiye （HY） and Huaizhi （HZ） respectively were recorded and comparatively studied from 2015 to 2017. The results showed that the whitish millets and flowering stage of JGHN grafted on FZX and HY rootstocks were respectively 3-17 days and 1-3 days earlier than those on HZ. While the fruit maturation stage was 5-7 days ahead of in the same comparative situation. Compared to fruits grafted on HZ, mean fruit weight of JGHN grafted on HY and FZX were 38.1% and 35.8% bigger respectively than that on HZ. In addition, more closely heart-shaped and brighter pericarp color of JGHN fruit were observed with rootstock of HZ than that with other two kinds of rootstocks. In terms of aborted-seed rates of JGHN, average value with rootstock FZX was 81.7%, which was 58.0% higher than that with HY, and 2.49 times of those with HZ. Vc content of JGHN grafted on HY and FZX were 30.47 and 25.86 mg/100 g respectively, significantly higher than that grafted on HZ. TSS and TA of JGHN grafted on HZ were 17.8% and 0.14%, both were obviously higher than that grafted on FZX and HY.
文摘Phonological awareness research started from the 1960s.At present,this ability became a very heated discussed topic not only in the education circles but also the psychological field and other areas.The phonological training is widely used and deeply emphasized in English speaking countries.However,only few is attached to English teaching in China.In order to investigate the effects of phonological awareness to vocabulary teaching,this study selected 60 primary students to investigate.The outcome of the research is very promising.The students'phonological awareness improved dramatically as well as their vocabulary recognition, pronunciation,spelling and memorizing.It implicated that phonological awareness is very necessary in vocabulary teaching.
文摘This review mainly compares the major treatment approaches to child phonological disorder,namely,Core Vocabulary Approach for the treatment of inconsistent phonological disorder,Distinctive Features Approach and ABAB-Withdrawal Approach for the treatment of consistent phonological disorder,and Eclectic Approach for real clinical treatment.Different approaches have different efficacy and the application of a certain treatment approach depends on the various conditions of the subjects.
文摘Based on phonological knowledge, this paper analyzes the relation between phonological awareness and English reading ability, and puts forward some methods of strengthening phonological awareness.
文摘Last decade witnesses the rethinking of traditional English teaching models for non-native speakers.The proposed new model—English as Lingua Franca(ELF)sheds light on what the non-native English learners really need to learn in the global setting,instead of constant following of the standard RP/GA norm.Though of much significance among the English users in the Expanding Circle,the new model faces no less challenges,especially in its phonological proposal—LFC.A discussion of these challenges is important to English language educators,for the implementation of ELF model relies on the solution of these potential problems.
文摘This is study is the research that focuses on one element of metalinguistic awareness,phonological awareness.By exploring bilinguals’phonological awareness development,this paper attempts to find out its effects on minority group learners'English learning.
文摘It is a general knowledge that French as a language is widely spoken internationally whereas Urhobo is mainly spoken in the geographical location where it belongs. It is also spoken, and this, sparingly so, by Urhobo persons in the Diaspora. Presently, Urhobo has become a language of study at the Delta State University, Abraka. It has also been included in the educational curriculum for study at the lower cadre of secondary school education in the Delta State. This situation has triggered the author＇s interest in doing a contrastive phonological study. The significance of this study is that it will highlight the salient differences in some of the grammatical aspects in the languages under consideration and also identify the difficulties that learners experience as a result of these difficulties. The author will also, as much as it is possible, proffer solutions to these learning difficulties.
