Phencyclidine(PCP,known as angel dust) is a nonbarbiturate,non-narcotic intravenous(IV) anesthetic with potent analgesic effects.However,its medical use was discontinued because of postoperative agitation,disorientati...Phencyclidine(PCP,known as angel dust) is a nonbarbiturate,non-narcotic intravenous(IV) anesthetic with potent analgesic effects.However,its medical use was discontinued because of postoperative agitation,disorientation,psychosis,cardiotoxicity,and hallucinogenic effects.Consequently,the PCP began to be illicitly distributed.The use methods include snorting,inhalation,IV,and subcutaneous(SC) injection.[1-5] The characteristic toxidrome of PCP includes altered mental status,tachycardia,and nystagmus.At higher doses,patients may become comatose and develop sympathomimetic effects such as tachycardia,hypertension,hypersalivation,urinary retention,and bronchospasm.In cases of intoxication,the pupillary light reflex remains intact,although the pupil size may vary.[1,3-6] PCP has a direct cardiotoxic effect and may induce arrhythmias.[2] Hyperreflexia,muscle rigidity,choreiform movements and muscle fasciculations may occur.[2,4,6] PCP-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) and alveolar hemorrhage(AH) are rare but potentially life-threatening complications.The main causes of non-traumatic death in patients with PCP intoxication include cardiopulmonary arrest,intracranial hemorrhage and rhabdomyolysis.[2,3,5] This case report aims to emphasize the management and potential benefits of inhaled N-acetylcysteine(NAC) and tranexamic acid(TXA)for PCP-induced ARDS and AH.展开更多
Although the average age of diagnosis for aorticdissection is 63,[1] this case demonstrates the need toconsider AD in younger patients, particularly in thepresence of risk factors or in the absence of anotherreasonabl...Although the average age of diagnosis for aorticdissection is 63,[1] this case demonstrates the need toconsider AD in younger patients, particularly in thepresence of risk factors or in the absence of anotherreasonable diagnosis. This case suggests PCP use as aprecipitant for hypertension and sympathomimetic stresson the aorta. Despite high sensitivity, false negativeCTA imaging for AD can occur. If pretest probabilityremains high, further imaging must be obtained. Duringresuscitation in the ED, focused point-of-care ultrasoundcan also assist with medical decision making.展开更多
Although animal models based on amphetamine(AMPH)or phencyclidine(PCP)treatment have been used extensively to study the neurobiological and behavioral characteristics of schizophrenia,there are conflicting reports reg...Although animal models based on amphetamine(AMPH)or phencyclidine(PCP)treatment have been used extensively to study the neurobiological and behavioral characteristics of schizophrenia,there are conflicting reports regarding their validity in modeling the negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia.The present study examined how acute AMPH or PCP treatment(Experiment 1)and withdrawal from repeated AMPH treatment(Experiment 2)or PCP treatment(Experiment 3)affects social behavior and social recognition memory in male Sprague-Dawley rats.Each subject was tested on two consecutive days.On the first day,the rats were tested four times(5 min/each)at 10-min intervals with the same partner rat(termed“AAAA”day).One day later,the rats were tested with the previous partner in the first three sessions and with a new partner rat in the final session(termed“AAAB”day).The results show that acute AMPH treatment(1.5 mg/kg,sc)significantly reduced the time spent on social interaction,but did not affect social recognition on the first day.Acute AMPH only disrupted social recognition on the second day of drug testing.In contrast,acute PCP treatment(2.0 mg/kg,sc)had no effect on time spent on social interaction,but did significantly disrupt social recognition on both days.Withdrawal from repeated AMPH(3.0 mg/kg/day for 7 days,ip)or PCP(5.0 mg/kg/twice daily for 7 days,ip)treatment did not affect social interaction or social recognition,indicating a lack of long-term detrimental effect of repeated AMPH or PCP treatment.These results suggest that acute AMPH treatment at a low dose(1.5 mg/kg)may be useful in modeling social withdrawal symptoms of schizophrenia,whereas acute PCP treatment at a similar dose range(2.0 mg/kg)may be useful in modeling the social cognitive deficit of schizophrenia.展开更多
Introduction Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative primarily used as an anesthetic and analgesic,playing a key role in the treatment of acute(perioperative)pain,chronic neuropathic pain,and therapy-resistant clinical...Introduction Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative primarily used as an anesthetic and analgesic,playing a key role in the treatment of acute(perioperative)pain,chronic neuropathic pain,and therapy-resistant clinical depression.1 Although generally considered safe and effective for medical purposes,ketamine has rarely been reported to cause hepatotoxicity.However,due to its dissociative and hallucinogenic effects,recreational use—especially repeated administration—has led to an increased incidence of hepatotoxicity.展开更多
文摘Phencyclidine(PCP,known as angel dust) is a nonbarbiturate,non-narcotic intravenous(IV) anesthetic with potent analgesic effects.However,its medical use was discontinued because of postoperative agitation,disorientation,psychosis,cardiotoxicity,and hallucinogenic effects.Consequently,the PCP began to be illicitly distributed.The use methods include snorting,inhalation,IV,and subcutaneous(SC) injection.[1-5] The characteristic toxidrome of PCP includes altered mental status,tachycardia,and nystagmus.At higher doses,patients may become comatose and develop sympathomimetic effects such as tachycardia,hypertension,hypersalivation,urinary retention,and bronchospasm.In cases of intoxication,the pupillary light reflex remains intact,although the pupil size may vary.[1,3-6] PCP has a direct cardiotoxic effect and may induce arrhythmias.[2] Hyperreflexia,muscle rigidity,choreiform movements and muscle fasciculations may occur.[2,4,6] PCP-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) and alveolar hemorrhage(AH) are rare but potentially life-threatening complications.The main causes of non-traumatic death in patients with PCP intoxication include cardiopulmonary arrest,intracranial hemorrhage and rhabdomyolysis.[2,3,5] This case report aims to emphasize the management and potential benefits of inhaled N-acetylcysteine(NAC) and tranexamic acid(TXA)for PCP-induced ARDS and AH.
文摘Although the average age of diagnosis for aorticdissection is 63,[1] this case demonstrates the need toconsider AD in younger patients, particularly in thepresence of risk factors or in the absence of anotherreasonable diagnosis. This case suggests PCP use as aprecipitant for hypertension and sympathomimetic stresson the aorta. Despite high sensitivity, false negativeCTA imaging for AD can occur. If pretest probabilityremains high, further imaging must be obtained. Duringresuscitation in the ED, focused point-of-care ultrasoundcan also assist with medical decision making.
文摘Although animal models based on amphetamine(AMPH)or phencyclidine(PCP)treatment have been used extensively to study the neurobiological and behavioral characteristics of schizophrenia,there are conflicting reports regarding their validity in modeling the negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia.The present study examined how acute AMPH or PCP treatment(Experiment 1)and withdrawal from repeated AMPH treatment(Experiment 2)or PCP treatment(Experiment 3)affects social behavior and social recognition memory in male Sprague-Dawley rats.Each subject was tested on two consecutive days.On the first day,the rats were tested four times(5 min/each)at 10-min intervals with the same partner rat(termed“AAAA”day).One day later,the rats were tested with the previous partner in the first three sessions and with a new partner rat in the final session(termed“AAAB”day).The results show that acute AMPH treatment(1.5 mg/kg,sc)significantly reduced the time spent on social interaction,but did not affect social recognition on the first day.Acute AMPH only disrupted social recognition on the second day of drug testing.In contrast,acute PCP treatment(2.0 mg/kg,sc)had no effect on time spent on social interaction,but did significantly disrupt social recognition on both days.Withdrawal from repeated AMPH(3.0 mg/kg/day for 7 days,ip)or PCP(5.0 mg/kg/twice daily for 7 days,ip)treatment did not affect social interaction or social recognition,indicating a lack of long-term detrimental effect of repeated AMPH or PCP treatment.These results suggest that acute AMPH treatment at a low dose(1.5 mg/kg)may be useful in modeling social withdrawal symptoms of schizophrenia,whereas acute PCP treatment at a similar dose range(2.0 mg/kg)may be useful in modeling the social cognitive deficit of schizophrenia.
文摘Introduction Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative primarily used as an anesthetic and analgesic,playing a key role in the treatment of acute(perioperative)pain,chronic neuropathic pain,and therapy-resistant clinical depression.1 Although generally considered safe and effective for medical purposes,ketamine has rarely been reported to cause hepatotoxicity.However,due to its dissociative and hallucinogenic effects,recreational use—especially repeated administration—has led to an increased incidence of hepatotoxicity.
