Pharmacy is an important subfield of the medical sciences,and its development is inseparable from pharmacy education.Pharmacy education outputs indispensable professionals and expertise for the healthcare industry,pro...Pharmacy is an important subfield of the medical sciences,and its development is inseparable from pharmacy education.Pharmacy education outputs indispensable professionals and expertise for the healthcare industry,promotes the development of pharmacy skills,and supports the development of the pharmaceutical and health sectors.To this end,many insightful studies have been carried out to promote the development and progress of pharmacy education.These studies have been published in high-quality pharmacy education journals indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC),and the two journals with the largest number of published articles are the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning.The 200 most-cited papers historically in these two journals have a significant impact on the research paradigm and future directions in the field of pharmacy education.Therefore,this paper summarizes the knowledge domains of these 200 papers and uses the scientometric method to study their basic information,authorship distribution,citation performance,publishing paradigm and hotspot mining.The era of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy(HIP),in which the focus has shifted from isolated pharmacological interventions to more collaborative,patient-centered,and interdisciplinary approaches,underscores the importance of evolving educational methodologies.In this context,understanding the scientometric trends in pharmacy education becomes even more crucial.This study aims to explore the current development status of pharmacy education,develop more innovative and effective educational models,and promote the widespread application of HIP in pharmacy education.The goal is to enhance the overall quality of pharmacy education and provide guidance and insights for the future development of pharmacy education.展开更多
Objective To study the current situation and corresponding characteristics of internet pharmacy services and summarize their core connotations,and to make some suggestions for their future development based on nationa...Objective To study the current situation and corresponding characteristics of internet pharmacy services and summarize their core connotations,and to make some suggestions for their future development based on national policies.Methods The literature of the last 20 years that fully or partially matched the theme of internet pharmacy services in China was studied to summarize the status of research and development of remote pharmacy services by combining the web survey method.Results and Conclusion China’s internet pharmacy services include online consultation,science education,information enquiry,follow-up and intervention,and other functions.The main service providers are medical institutions,Internet enterprises,and online drug sales platforms.Internet pharmacy services can improve patients’compliance with medication and the convenience of medical treatment,which better play the role of pharmacists.However,they also face problems such as the varying service qualities,the small number of users,the difficulty in popularizing services in remote areas,and the lack of supervision and protection of patients’rights.展开更多
In the present study, we aimed to analyze the irrational medical orders and evaluate the effect of pharmacy intervention on pharmacy intravenous admixture services of outpatient and emergency departments in our hospit...In the present study, we aimed to analyze the irrational medical orders and evaluate the effect of pharmacy intervention on pharmacy intravenous admixture services of outpatient and emergency departments in our hospital. The irrational medical orders of PIVAS at the outpatient and emergency departments were retrospectively analyzed in Jun. 2015. We strengthened the pharmacy intervention on irrational medical orders since July 2015. All the cases were selected by systematic sampling method. Cased studied in Jun. 2015 served as the control group, whereas those studied in Jan. 2016 served as the intervention group. The irrational rate and the irrational number of daily average were compared between the control group and intervention group. The common type of irrational outpatient and emergency intravenous orders mainly included irrational use of solvents, irrational dosing interval and inappropriate compatibility of drugs. The irrational rate was reduced from 17.4% to 3.3% （P〈0.01）, and the irrational number of daily average was decreased from 5.23 to 1.00 （P〈0.01）. Pharmacy intervention can reduce the irrational rate of medical orders in our hospital, which is of great significance to promote rational drug use and improve medical quality.展开更多
Pharmacy clinics,staffed by clinical pharmacists who interact directly with patients,encompass services such as medication reconciliation,education,follow-up visits,and lifestyle guidance.Their primary goal is to enha...Pharmacy clinics,staffed by clinical pharmacists who interact directly with patients,encompass services such as medication reconciliation,education,follow-up visits,and lifestyle guidance.Their primary goal is to enhance patients’quality of life.Numerous studies,both domestic and international,have highlighted the benefits of pharmacy clinics in optimizing drug therapy quality and reducing treatment costs,particularly for long-term medication management in organ transplant recipients and similar patient groups.Despite these benefits,pharmacy clinics are still in the early stages of development in China.There remains a lack of clarity regarding the specific development and service content of pharmacy clinics tailored for transplant patients.Therefore,this study aimed to assess the current status of pharmacy clinic development for transplant patients in China and provide insights to hospitals for advancing and strengthening transplant pharmacy clinic initiatives.展开更多
Clinical pharmacy is on the cusp of exponential change powered by artificial intelligence agents,automation,data analytics,and robotics.Blockchain will enhance data integrity and transparency,and Augmented and Virtual...Clinical pharmacy is on the cusp of exponential change powered by artificial intelligence agents,automation,data analytics,and robotics.Blockchain will enhance data integrity and transparency,and Augmented and Virtual Reality technologies will revolutionise training,patient education,and simulation-based care planning.Clinical pharmacists need to be ready and upskill to prepare for emerging technologies.The ethical,regulatory,and educational frameworks surrounding artificial intelligence and precision medicine will require constant attention,but the potential benefits for patient outcomes are unprecedented.Clinical pharmacists are in a prime position to design a new era in precision medicine,where technology works hand in hand with humans to transform healthcare.展开更多
Background:Since its inception,clinical pharmacy has played an increasingly significant role.However,compared to the successful establishment of pioneering Western countries,the outcomes of later-developing countries,...Background:Since its inception,clinical pharmacy has played an increasingly significant role.However,compared to the successful establishment of pioneering Western countries,the outcomes of later-developing countries,despite substantial investments,have been less than ideal.Methods:This article adopts a two-tier comparison approach and a philosophical integration method.Results:At the first-tier level,this article examines the current status of clinical pharmacy in advanced countries,highlighting the differences and commonalities among the models adopted by countries such as the USA,the UK,and Japan.Subsequently,at the second-tier level,it analyzes the evolutionary trajectory of the“human-medication”relationship from a sociological perspective,derives the driving force of organizational“common goal orientation”from a management perspective,and identifies three types of“macro-micro inconsistencies”from a policy perspective:disruptive,counter-pulling,and insoluble.To penetrate and converge the above dimensions,this article integrates philosophical considerations from the theory of knowledge.Transitioning from multi-faceted interpretations to ontological research,it points out that the essence of clinical pharmacy development lies in the expansion of World 3 and the complementation of new Interactional Expertise.Conclusion:Clinical pharmacy is a combination of total increase in statistical knowledge and individualized precise application.Late-developing countries,including China,must especially recognize this essence when formulating and implementing relevant policies.展开更多
The integration of science and education represents the organic fusion of scientific research with educational instruction,constituting a critical trend in the advancement of modern higher education.This integration n...The integration of science and education represents the organic fusion of scientific research with educational instruction,constituting a critical trend in the advancement of modern higher education.This integration not only enhances teaching quality but also drives innovation in scientific research and fosters high-caliber talent development.The curriculum team has carefully selected experimental content from recent scientific research outcomes that aligns with students’core courses,features an appropriate level of difficulty,incorporates interdisciplinary and regional characteristics,and demonstrates innovativeness,practicality,and scientific rigor.This content is systematically incorporated into the talent cultivation process,enabling students to fully comprehend the principles of pharmaceutical research through hands-on experimentation.Furthermore,it strengthens students’experimental operational skills and cultivates their spirit of scientific inquiry,thereby achieving superior teaching outcomes.展开更多
《Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy》(亚洲社会药学)于2006年创刊,是由沈阳药科大学主办、中国香港盛京药大出版传媒有限公司出版,在国内外公开发行的药学类英文季刊(ISSN:1818-0884)。本刊现已被维普数据库和超星数据库收录。本刊以...《Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy》(亚洲社会药学)于2006年创刊,是由沈阳药科大学主办、中国香港盛京药大出版传媒有限公司出版,在国内外公开发行的药学类英文季刊(ISSN:1818-0884)。本刊现已被维普数据库和超星数据库收录。本刊以构建药学研究与社会用药及监督管理间的桥梁为己任,以促进国内外社会药学研究成果及有关信息的集中、快速、广泛的传播与交流,推动社会药学研究工作的深入、广泛开展,加强社会用药的科学管理,提高全社会的合理用药水平为办刊宗旨。以突出的科学性、前瞻性和实用性面向国内外,力争站在当今世界医药科技发展的最前沿,成为了解最新亚洲药学科研成果的重要窗口。展开更多
It＇s the main trend of the development of international pharmaceutical education to cultivate professionals with the capability of pharmaceutical service by professional degree education. Clinical pharmacy rotation p...It＇s the main trend of the development of international pharmaceutical education to cultivate professionals with the capability of pharmaceutical service by professional degree education. Clinical pharmacy rotation practice, named officially as ＂Advanced clinical pharmacy practice＂ at our school, is specific to our master of pharmacy （M. Pharm） graduate students for clinical pharmacy practice training in multiple clinical departments in hospitals. It is meaningful for the education reform of clinical pharmacy to evaluate the outcome of clinical pharmacy rotation practice. Questionnaire was developed based on the Teaching Guide To Advanced Clinical Pharmacy Practice and its related record forms. The practice outcomes of clinical rotation practice in the first two years for M. Pharm graduate students were assessed using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Results showed that the teaching effect of clinical pharmacy practice was at the ＂excellent＂ level. The evaluation scores of Grade 2011 and Grade 2012 were 90.60 （excellent） and 91.83 （excellent） respectively, while the overall score was 91.29 （excellent）. Students showed excellent skills and have met the requirements of the teaching guide after practice. There are somethings to improve in clinical rotation practice teaching. This study will provide important information for our school and the nation to achieve teaching reform in M. Pharm education of clinical pharmacy.展开更多
Background:Globally,the use of community pharmacies and pharmacists in the delivery of vaccination services has been hampered by several factors,laws,and regulations that do not support pharmacists to participate in t...Background:Globally,the use of community pharmacies and pharmacists in the delivery of vaccination services has been hampered by several factors,laws,and regulations that do not support pharmacists to participate in the delivery of vaccination services.With the advent of COVID-19 pandemic,many countries have included community pharmacists and pharmacies in vaccination services to improve coverage.This study described the delivery of vaccination services in community pharmacies using the COVID-19 experience and how their involvement impacted vaccination coverage in Nigeria.It also exposed how this experience can be used to support policy revisions to formally recognize pharmacists in immunization delivery.Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 474 community pharmacists in two southwestern States in Nigeria,using a semi-structured questionnaire.It determines the number of community pharmacists who have been trained in the delivery of vaccination services,the types of vaccination services provided,and vaccines administered in their pharmacies.Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics and p-value at≤0.05.Results:Response rate was 86.7%.Less than half of the respondents(40.1%)had undergone vaccination training.Of the 129(31.4%)respondents that provide vaccination services,72(55.8%)administer vaccines in their pharmacies.Out of these 72 respondents;45(62.5%)were administering vaccines before their involvement in COVID-19 vaccine administration;57(79.2%)of the health personnel who administer vaccines were pharmacists;60(83.3%)of them administer vaccines on request;22(30.6%)administered COVID-19 vaccines only;and only 7(9.7%)of the respondents had administered over 500 doses of COVID-19 vaccines.Training in vaccination was associated with the vaccination services provided(p<0.05).Respondents suggested government support through legal framework and policy review,training and empowering pharmacists in vaccine administration,and recognition of community pharmacists as PHC providers.展开更多
In the present work,we aimed to describe the current situation and developing trend of professional Master of pharmacy education in China.Systematic searches of websites for literatures related to the specialty of pro...In the present work,we aimed to describe the current situation and developing trend of professional Master of pharmacy education in China.Systematic searches of websites for literatures related to the specialty of professional Master of pharmacy were conducted.E-mail or telephone inquires were made directly to 108 pharmacy institutions(schools and universities)in China offering the MPharm program.The MPharm program was established in China in 2010,which primarily focuses on cultivating professionals in fields,such as drug technology transformation,inspection and regulation of drugs,registration and distribution of drugs,and pharmaceutical services.After 9 years of development,it has almost completed the overall design of its higher education paradigm with Chinese characteristics.With the rapid development of the pharmaceutical industry in China,the professional degree of pharmacy education program at the master’s level is insufficient to meet social and market demand for qualified professionals.Therefore,doctoral-level programs are now being promoted.展开更多
The history and current status of Pharmacy Administration discipline atpharmacy schools in China are illustrated. Several current issues are explored including: (1)insufficient teaching organizations and curriculum, (...The history and current status of Pharmacy Administration discipline atpharmacy schools in China are illustrated. Several current issues are explored including: (1)insufficient teaching organizations and curriculum, (2) faculty deficiency both in quantity andquality, and (3) much improvement needed in the scope, methodology, and sophistication of research.Several development strategies are formulated such as (1) integrating native education resources inorder to better foster quality professionals, (2) accelerating inter-university cooperation both inteaching and research, and (3) studying the regularites of discipline development and enhancinginternational exchange.展开更多
Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the correct interpretation by university students of internationally available pictograms and to assess the ability of the pictograms to convey the intended mes...Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the correct interpretation by university students of internationally available pictograms and to assess the ability of the pictograms to convey the intended messages. Aim: To compare the ability of pharmacy and non-pharmacy students to comprehend pharmaceutical pictograms. Method: Twenty eight internationally available (United States Pharmacopoeial Convention Inc. USP) pictograms were used throughout this study, which was conducted with 300 pharmacy and non-pharmacy students. Questionnaires included relevant questions, and participants were instructed to study the pictograms and write their interpretations. The American National Standards Institute requirement of 85% correctness criterion was used for correct interpretation. Differences between responses of the two groups were calculated using SPSS version 18 and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The majority of pharmacy (98%) and non-pharmacy (86%) students stated that pictograms should be included in medicine leaflet and they were helpful for all patients. Out of the 28 pictograms 7 (25%) and 2 (7.1%) of them achieved the ANSI requirement of 85% correctness criterion by pharmacy and non-pharmacy students respectively. Conclusion: Interventions to increase public awareness of the usefulness of pharmaceutical pictograms are needed.展开更多
Background: The last two decades have witnessed the advancement of accreditation of Chinese higher education, with pharmacy programs being one of the most important. The purpose of this research was to review and eluc...Background: The last two decades have witnessed the advancement of accreditation of Chinese higher education, with pharmacy programs being one of the most important. The purpose of this research was to review and elucidate the evolution of the pharmacy accreditation system in China. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane databases and Google Scholar and CKNI databases, the website of the Working Committee for the Accreditation of Medical Education, and related university websites. Search terms used with each database were “accreditation” AND “pharmacy” AND “China”. The search strategy was designed to identify studies that report pharmacy program accreditation in China. Results: The primary outcomes indicate that the timeline of current Chinese pharmacy accreditation can be divided into four distinct chronological periods. Conclusion: After two decades of evolution, the qualification of the pharmaceutical program in China has significantly advanced its committees, criteria, methods, and systems, though with areas for refinement. As China embarks upon the process of pharmacy accreditation, it is simultaneously drawing upon lessons from the developed world, as well as infusing the process with its own distinct cultural identity. To effectively tackle current issues in the field of pharmacy accreditation, a commitment to continual quality advancement is required.展开更多
As a subject of rational drug use and drug utilization in medical institutions, clinical pharmacy can prevent and treat diseases through drug research and promote drugs to exert the maximum efficacy in the body. Accor...As a subject of rational drug use and drug utilization in medical institutions, clinical pharmacy can prevent and treat diseases through drug research and promote drugs to exert the maximum efficacy in the body. According to the development of pharmacy at home and abroad, clinical experience and their own work experience, this paper discusses the current situation of clinical pharmacy work in the pharmacy department of the hospital, finds out the problems of clinical pharmacy work as soon as possible, and puts forward effective improvement methods, so as to have a good prospect for the pharmacy department to carry out clinical medicine work. At present, clinical pharmacy has developed into a very important work in the pharmacy department of hospitals in China. Once there is a problem, it will affect the efficiency of drug treatment and reduce the satisfaction of patients with the hospital. Therefore, the hospital pharmacy department attaches great importance to the development of clinical pharmacy, and analyzes the current situation of clinical pharmacy in the pharmacy department, so as to improve the clinical treatment effect and promote the development of clinical pharmacy.展开更多
Objective To summarize the main characteristics and development approaches of direct-to-patient(DTP)pharmacies,and to explore its future development trend.Methods Firstly,relevant policies of DTP pharmacies were sorte...Objective To summarize the main characteristics and development approaches of direct-to-patient(DTP)pharmacies,and to explore its future development trend.Methods Firstly,relevant policies of DTP pharmacies were sorted out based on some documents on the government website,and related articles were studied.Secondly,499 DTP pharmacies were investigated.Finally,the current status of the industry was summarized and analyzed.Results and Conclusion Policies on China’s DTP pharmacy have been constantly improved.According to industry standards,the current compliance rate of DTP pharmacies is about 46.09%.In terms of varieties,the market share concentration rate of biological products is higher than that of chemical drugs.The regional distribution of these drugs is mainly concentrated in the central and eastern provinces.However,63.45%of DTP pharmacies have less than 50 product specifications.DTP pharmacies have an average of 7.3 pharmacy technicians and 2.3 licensed pharmacists,which is higher than that of ordinary pharmacies.Due to the policy promotion,DTP pharmacies will be paid more attention by the public and the government,and the market share will become larger than before.Patients shifting from hospitals to drug-to-pharmacies can make them better layout.Besides,pharmaceutical services will become more specialized,and disease division will be more detailed.With the deepening of medical reform and the continuous improvement of national medical security as well as drug procurement and medical insurance payment methods,DTP pharmacies can play an important role in the national basic medical security system.展开更多
Objective: to explore the impact of improving the quality of outpatient service in western medicine pharmacy on patient service satisfaction and the occurrence of adverse events in pharmacy. Methods: twenty pharmacist...Objective: to explore the impact of improving the quality of outpatient service in western medicine pharmacy on patient service satisfaction and the occurrence of adverse events in pharmacy. Methods: twenty pharmacists who worked in the outpatient pharmacy before January 2017 and 20 pharmacists who came to the outpatient pharmacy from January 2017 to December 2020 were randomly selected, and 78 patients who came to the outpatient pharmacy for taking medicine were randomly selected. According to the difference of service methods between the two groups, the former was divided into the control group and the latter into the intervention group. The clinical application of different service methods by pharmacists and patients in the two groups was discussed. Results: the incidence rate of adverse events in the control group (42.31%) was significantly higher than that in the intervention group. Among them, the highest incidence rate was poor service attitude in the pharmacy (17.95%), and there were 2 cases of drug dispensing without skin test. The waiting time for taking medicine in the intervention group was significantly shorter than that in the control group. The service attitude score and drug knowledge score of the pharmaceutical personnel in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The service satisfaction of the intervention group (96.15%) was significantly better than that of the control group (79.49%), and the results were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: through the management optimization of outpatient pharmacy, the scientific, standardized, institutionalized and information-based management of hospital pharmacy can be further improved, and the trust and satisfaction of patients and doctors can be improved, which is worthy of clinical promotion.展开更多
Objective To systematically analyze the development status of DTP pharmacy in the United States and China,and to find out the problems in China’s DTP pharmacy and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions.Meth...Objective To systematically analyze the development status of DTP pharmacy in the United States and China,and to find out the problems in China’s DTP pharmacy and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions.Methods Relevant literature was searched and reviewed to study the history,market scale and development trend of DTP pharmacy in the United States and China.Then,the problems in China’s DTP pharmacy were found out.Results and Conclusion DTP pharmacy model in the U.S.has taken shape and is maturing.The high degree of industry concentration is an important feature of the U.S.pharmacy.In contrast,China’s DTP pharmacy started late,and the industry pattern has not yet been finalized.There are still some problems in the DTP pharmacy certification and quality management.It is recommended to promote the rapid development of DTP pharmacies in China by encouraging the outflow of prescription drugs,establishing a third-party pharmacy accreditation organization and strengthening the team of licensed pharmacists and other personnel.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.82373800)Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(grant No.202201010589).
文摘Pharmacy is an important subfield of the medical sciences,and its development is inseparable from pharmacy education.Pharmacy education outputs indispensable professionals and expertise for the healthcare industry,promotes the development of pharmacy skills,and supports the development of the pharmaceutical and health sectors.To this end,many insightful studies have been carried out to promote the development and progress of pharmacy education.These studies have been published in high-quality pharmacy education journals indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC),and the two journals with the largest number of published articles are the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning.The 200 most-cited papers historically in these two journals have a significant impact on the research paradigm and future directions in the field of pharmacy education.Therefore,this paper summarizes the knowledge domains of these 200 papers and uses the scientometric method to study their basic information,authorship distribution,citation performance,publishing paradigm and hotspot mining.The era of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy(HIP),in which the focus has shifted from isolated pharmacological interventions to more collaborative,patient-centered,and interdisciplinary approaches,underscores the importance of evolving educational methodologies.In this context,understanding the scientometric trends in pharmacy education becomes even more crucial.This study aims to explore the current development status of pharmacy education,develop more innovative and effective educational models,and promote the widespread application of HIP in pharmacy education.The goal is to enhance the overall quality of pharmacy education and provide guidance and insights for the future development of pharmacy education.
基金2021 General Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(No.LJKR0298)Liaoning Provincial Social Science Planning。
文摘Objective To study the current situation and corresponding characteristics of internet pharmacy services and summarize their core connotations,and to make some suggestions for their future development based on national policies.Methods The literature of the last 20 years that fully or partially matched the theme of internet pharmacy services in China was studied to summarize the status of research and development of remote pharmacy services by combining the web survey method.Results and Conclusion China’s internet pharmacy services include online consultation,science education,information enquiry,follow-up and intervention,and other functions.The main service providers are medical institutions,Internet enterprises,and online drug sales platforms.Internet pharmacy services can improve patients’compliance with medication and the convenience of medical treatment,which better play the role of pharmacists.However,they also face problems such as the varying service qualities,the small number of users,the difficulty in popularizing services in remote areas,and the lack of supervision and protection of patients’rights.
文摘In the present study, we aimed to analyze the irrational medical orders and evaluate the effect of pharmacy intervention on pharmacy intravenous admixture services of outpatient and emergency departments in our hospital. The irrational medical orders of PIVAS at the outpatient and emergency departments were retrospectively analyzed in Jun. 2015. We strengthened the pharmacy intervention on irrational medical orders since July 2015. All the cases were selected by systematic sampling method. Cased studied in Jun. 2015 served as the control group, whereas those studied in Jan. 2016 served as the intervention group. The irrational rate and the irrational number of daily average were compared between the control group and intervention group. The common type of irrational outpatient and emergency intravenous orders mainly included irrational use of solvents, irrational dosing interval and inappropriate compatibility of drugs. The irrational rate was reduced from 17.4% to 3.3% （P〈0.01）, and the irrational number of daily average was decreased from 5.23 to 1.00 （P〈0.01）. Pharmacy intervention can reduce the irrational rate of medical orders in our hospital, which is of great significance to promote rational drug use and improve medical quality.
文摘Pharmacy clinics,staffed by clinical pharmacists who interact directly with patients,encompass services such as medication reconciliation,education,follow-up visits,and lifestyle guidance.Their primary goal is to enhance patients’quality of life.Numerous studies,both domestic and international,have highlighted the benefits of pharmacy clinics in optimizing drug therapy quality and reducing treatment costs,particularly for long-term medication management in organ transplant recipients and similar patient groups.Despite these benefits,pharmacy clinics are still in the early stages of development in China.There remains a lack of clarity regarding the specific development and service content of pharmacy clinics tailored for transplant patients.Therefore,this study aimed to assess the current status of pharmacy clinic development for transplant patients in China and provide insights to hospitals for advancing and strengthening transplant pharmacy clinic initiatives.
文摘Clinical pharmacy is on the cusp of exponential change powered by artificial intelligence agents,automation,data analytics,and robotics.Blockchain will enhance data integrity and transparency,and Augmented and Virtual Reality technologies will revolutionise training,patient education,and simulation-based care planning.Clinical pharmacists need to be ready and upskill to prepare for emerging technologies.The ethical,regulatory,and educational frameworks surrounding artificial intelligence and precision medicine will require constant attention,but the potential benefits for patient outcomes are unprecedented.Clinical pharmacists are in a prime position to design a new era in precision medicine,where technology works hand in hand with humans to transform healthcare.
基金Funded by Stable Funding for General Research Projects in Higher Education Institutions:Research on the Patterns of Shifts in the World’s Scientific Centers and Shenzhen’s Construction as a Global Talent and Innovation Center(WDZC20231127152239002).
文摘Background:Since its inception,clinical pharmacy has played an increasingly significant role.However,compared to the successful establishment of pioneering Western countries,the outcomes of later-developing countries,despite substantial investments,have been less than ideal.Methods:This article adopts a two-tier comparison approach and a philosophical integration method.Results:At the first-tier level,this article examines the current status of clinical pharmacy in advanced countries,highlighting the differences and commonalities among the models adopted by countries such as the USA,the UK,and Japan.Subsequently,at the second-tier level,it analyzes the evolutionary trajectory of the“human-medication”relationship from a sociological perspective,derives the driving force of organizational“common goal orientation”from a management perspective,and identifies three types of“macro-micro inconsistencies”from a policy perspective:disruptive,counter-pulling,and insoluble.To penetrate and converge the above dimensions,this article integrates philosophical considerations from the theory of knowledge.Transitioning from multi-faceted interpretations to ontological research,it points out that the essence of clinical pharmacy development lies in the expansion of World 3 and the complementation of new Interactional Expertise.Conclusion:Clinical pharmacy is a combination of total increase in statistical knowledge and individualized precise application.Late-developing countries,including China,must especially recognize this essence when formulating and implementing relevant policies.
基金Research on the Undergraduate Education and Teaching Reform of BingTuan“Research on the Construction of Knowledge Graphs for the Core Pharmacy Courses under the Background of Digital Intelligence”(BTBKXM-2024-Y06)。
文摘The integration of science and education represents the organic fusion of scientific research with educational instruction,constituting a critical trend in the advancement of modern higher education.This integration not only enhances teaching quality but also drives innovation in scientific research and fosters high-caliber talent development.The curriculum team has carefully selected experimental content from recent scientific research outcomes that aligns with students’core courses,features an appropriate level of difficulty,incorporates interdisciplinary and regional characteristics,and demonstrates innovativeness,practicality,and scientific rigor.This content is systematically incorporated into the talent cultivation process,enabling students to fully comprehend the principles of pharmaceutical research through hands-on experimentation.Furthermore,it strengthens students’experimental operational skills and cultivates their spirit of scientific inquiry,thereby achieving superior teaching outcomes.
文摘《Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy》(亚洲社会药学)于2006年创刊,是由沈阳药科大学主办、中国香港盛京药大出版传媒有限公司出版,在国内外公开发行的药学类英文季刊(ISSN:1818-0884)。本刊现已被维普数据库和超星数据库收录。本刊以构建药学研究与社会用药及监督管理间的桥梁为己任,以促进国内外社会药学研究成果及有关信息的集中、快速、广泛的传播与交流,推动社会药学研究工作的深入、广泛开展,加强社会用药的科学管理,提高全社会的合理用药水平为办刊宗旨。以突出的科学性、前瞻性和实用性面向国内外,力争站在当今世界医药科技发展的最前沿,成为了解最新亚洲药学科研成果的重要窗口。
文摘It＇s the main trend of the development of international pharmaceutical education to cultivate professionals with the capability of pharmaceutical service by professional degree education. Clinical pharmacy rotation practice, named officially as ＂Advanced clinical pharmacy practice＂ at our school, is specific to our master of pharmacy （M. Pharm） graduate students for clinical pharmacy practice training in multiple clinical departments in hospitals. It is meaningful for the education reform of clinical pharmacy to evaluate the outcome of clinical pharmacy rotation practice. Questionnaire was developed based on the Teaching Guide To Advanced Clinical Pharmacy Practice and its related record forms. The practice outcomes of clinical rotation practice in the first two years for M. Pharm graduate students were assessed using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Results showed that the teaching effect of clinical pharmacy practice was at the ＂excellent＂ level. The evaluation scores of Grade 2011 and Grade 2012 were 90.60 （excellent） and 91.83 （excellent） respectively, while the overall score was 91.29 （excellent）. Students showed excellent skills and have met the requirements of the teaching guide after practice. There are somethings to improve in clinical rotation practice teaching. This study will provide important information for our school and the nation to achieve teaching reform in M. Pharm education of clinical pharmacy.
文摘Background:Globally,the use of community pharmacies and pharmacists in the delivery of vaccination services has been hampered by several factors,laws,and regulations that do not support pharmacists to participate in the delivery of vaccination services.With the advent of COVID-19 pandemic,many countries have included community pharmacists and pharmacies in vaccination services to improve coverage.This study described the delivery of vaccination services in community pharmacies using the COVID-19 experience and how their involvement impacted vaccination coverage in Nigeria.It also exposed how this experience can be used to support policy revisions to formally recognize pharmacists in immunization delivery.Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 474 community pharmacists in two southwestern States in Nigeria,using a semi-structured questionnaire.It determines the number of community pharmacists who have been trained in the delivery of vaccination services,the types of vaccination services provided,and vaccines administered in their pharmacies.Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics and p-value at≤0.05.Results:Response rate was 86.7%.Less than half of the respondents(40.1%)had undergone vaccination training.Of the 129(31.4%)respondents that provide vaccination services,72(55.8%)administer vaccines in their pharmacies.Out of these 72 respondents;45(62.5%)were administering vaccines before their involvement in COVID-19 vaccine administration;57(79.2%)of the health personnel who administer vaccines were pharmacists;60(83.3%)of them administer vaccines on request;22(30.6%)administered COVID-19 vaccines only;and only 7(9.7%)of the respondents had administered over 500 doses of COVID-19 vaccines.Training in vaccination was associated with the vaccination services provided(p<0.05).Respondents suggested government support through legal framework and policy review,training and empowering pharmacists in vaccine administration,and recognition of community pharmacists as PHC providers.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Un iversities(Grant No.2632020PY20)。
文摘In the present work,we aimed to describe the current situation and developing trend of professional Master of pharmacy education in China.Systematic searches of websites for literatures related to the specialty of professional Master of pharmacy were conducted.E-mail or telephone inquires were made directly to 108 pharmacy institutions(schools and universities)in China offering the MPharm program.The MPharm program was established in China in 2010,which primarily focuses on cultivating professionals in fields,such as drug technology transformation,inspection and regulation of drugs,registration and distribution of drugs,and pharmaceutical services.After 9 years of development,it has almost completed the overall design of its higher education paradigm with Chinese characteristics.With the rapid development of the pharmaceutical industry in China,the professional degree of pharmacy education program at the master’s level is insufficient to meet social and market demand for qualified professionals.Therefore,doctoral-level programs are now being promoted.
文摘The history and current status of Pharmacy Administration discipline atpharmacy schools in China are illustrated. Several current issues are explored including: (1)insufficient teaching organizations and curriculum, (2) faculty deficiency both in quantity andquality, and (3) much improvement needed in the scope, methodology, and sophistication of research.Several development strategies are formulated such as (1) integrating native education resources inorder to better foster quality professionals, (2) accelerating inter-university cooperation both inteaching and research, and (3) studying the regularites of discipline development and enhancinginternational exchange.
文摘Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the correct interpretation by university students of internationally available pictograms and to assess the ability of the pictograms to convey the intended messages. Aim: To compare the ability of pharmacy and non-pharmacy students to comprehend pharmaceutical pictograms. Method: Twenty eight internationally available (United States Pharmacopoeial Convention Inc. USP) pictograms were used throughout this study, which was conducted with 300 pharmacy and non-pharmacy students. Questionnaires included relevant questions, and participants were instructed to study the pictograms and write their interpretations. The American National Standards Institute requirement of 85% correctness criterion was used for correct interpretation. Differences between responses of the two groups were calculated using SPSS version 18 and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The majority of pharmacy (98%) and non-pharmacy (86%) students stated that pictograms should be included in medicine leaflet and they were helpful for all patients. Out of the 28 pictograms 7 (25%) and 2 (7.1%) of them achieved the ANSI requirement of 85% correctness criterion by pharmacy and non-pharmacy students respectively. Conclusion: Interventions to increase public awareness of the usefulness of pharmaceutical pictograms are needed.
文摘Background: The last two decades have witnessed the advancement of accreditation of Chinese higher education, with pharmacy programs being one of the most important. The purpose of this research was to review and elucidate the evolution of the pharmacy accreditation system in China. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane databases and Google Scholar and CKNI databases, the website of the Working Committee for the Accreditation of Medical Education, and related university websites. Search terms used with each database were “accreditation” AND “pharmacy” AND “China”. The search strategy was designed to identify studies that report pharmacy program accreditation in China. Results: The primary outcomes indicate that the timeline of current Chinese pharmacy accreditation can be divided into four distinct chronological periods. Conclusion: After two decades of evolution, the qualification of the pharmaceutical program in China has significantly advanced its committees, criteria, methods, and systems, though with areas for refinement. As China embarks upon the process of pharmacy accreditation, it is simultaneously drawing upon lessons from the developed world, as well as infusing the process with its own distinct cultural identity. To effectively tackle current issues in the field of pharmacy accreditation, a commitment to continual quality advancement is required.
文摘As a subject of rational drug use and drug utilization in medical institutions, clinical pharmacy can prevent and treat diseases through drug research and promote drugs to exert the maximum efficacy in the body. According to the development of pharmacy at home and abroad, clinical experience and their own work experience, this paper discusses the current situation of clinical pharmacy work in the pharmacy department of the hospital, finds out the problems of clinical pharmacy work as soon as possible, and puts forward effective improvement methods, so as to have a good prospect for the pharmacy department to carry out clinical medicine work. At present, clinical pharmacy has developed into a very important work in the pharmacy department of hospitals in China. Once there is a problem, it will affect the efficiency of drug treatment and reduce the satisfaction of patients with the hospital. Therefore, the hospital pharmacy department attaches great importance to the development of clinical pharmacy, and analyzes the current situation of clinical pharmacy in the pharmacy department, so as to improve the clinical treatment effect and promote the development of clinical pharmacy.
文摘Objective To summarize the main characteristics and development approaches of direct-to-patient(DTP)pharmacies,and to explore its future development trend.Methods Firstly,relevant policies of DTP pharmacies were sorted out based on some documents on the government website,and related articles were studied.Secondly,499 DTP pharmacies were investigated.Finally,the current status of the industry was summarized and analyzed.Results and Conclusion Policies on China’s DTP pharmacy have been constantly improved.According to industry standards,the current compliance rate of DTP pharmacies is about 46.09%.In terms of varieties,the market share concentration rate of biological products is higher than that of chemical drugs.The regional distribution of these drugs is mainly concentrated in the central and eastern provinces.However,63.45%of DTP pharmacies have less than 50 product specifications.DTP pharmacies have an average of 7.3 pharmacy technicians and 2.3 licensed pharmacists,which is higher than that of ordinary pharmacies.Due to the policy promotion,DTP pharmacies will be paid more attention by the public and the government,and the market share will become larger than before.Patients shifting from hospitals to drug-to-pharmacies can make them better layout.Besides,pharmaceutical services will become more specialized,and disease division will be more detailed.With the deepening of medical reform and the continuous improvement of national medical security as well as drug procurement and medical insurance payment methods,DTP pharmacies can play an important role in the national basic medical security system.
文摘Objective: to explore the impact of improving the quality of outpatient service in western medicine pharmacy on patient service satisfaction and the occurrence of adverse events in pharmacy. Methods: twenty pharmacists who worked in the outpatient pharmacy before January 2017 and 20 pharmacists who came to the outpatient pharmacy from January 2017 to December 2020 were randomly selected, and 78 patients who came to the outpatient pharmacy for taking medicine were randomly selected. According to the difference of service methods between the two groups, the former was divided into the control group and the latter into the intervention group. The clinical application of different service methods by pharmacists and patients in the two groups was discussed. Results: the incidence rate of adverse events in the control group (42.31%) was significantly higher than that in the intervention group. Among them, the highest incidence rate was poor service attitude in the pharmacy (17.95%), and there were 2 cases of drug dispensing without skin test. The waiting time for taking medicine in the intervention group was significantly shorter than that in the control group. The service attitude score and drug knowledge score of the pharmaceutical personnel in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The service satisfaction of the intervention group (96.15%) was significantly better than that of the control group (79.49%), and the results were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: through the management optimization of outpatient pharmacy, the scientific, standardized, institutionalized and information-based management of hospital pharmacy can be further improved, and the trust and satisfaction of patients and doctors can be improved, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
文摘Objective To systematically analyze the development status of DTP pharmacy in the United States and China,and to find out the problems in China’s DTP pharmacy and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions.Methods Relevant literature was searched and reviewed to study the history,market scale and development trend of DTP pharmacy in the United States and China.Then,the problems in China’s DTP pharmacy were found out.Results and Conclusion DTP pharmacy model in the U.S.has taken shape and is maturing.The high degree of industry concentration is an important feature of the U.S.pharmacy.In contrast,China’s DTP pharmacy started late,and the industry pattern has not yet been finalized.There are still some problems in the DTP pharmacy certification and quality management.It is recommended to promote the rapid development of DTP pharmacies in China by encouraging the outflow of prescription drugs,establishing a third-party pharmacy accreditation organization and strengthening the team of licensed pharmacists and other personnel.
