This editorial offers insights from a minireview by Venkatesh et al,who explored pharmacological adjuvants for diabetic vitrectomy.Specifically,they synthesized current knowledge and evaluated the efficacy of various ...This editorial offers insights from a minireview by Venkatesh et al,who explored pharmacological adjuvants for diabetic vitrectomy.Specifically,they synthesized current knowledge and evaluated the efficacy of various adjunctive therapies in improving the outcomes of diabetic retinopathy and managing associated complications.Herein,we highlight the key roles of pharmacological adjuvants in optimizing surgical techniques,minimizing intraoperative challenges,and enhancing postoperative recovery.We further discuss the potential implications of this approach for clinical practice and future research directions in this evolving field.Overall,this editorial underscores the importance of incorporating pharmacological adjuvants into standard diabetic vitrectomy care to improve surgical outcomes and thus patients’quality of life.展开更多
Plant-derived natural products have long been a vital source for developing therapeutic drugs.Wedelolactone(WDL),a coumestan isolated from Eclipta prostrata,Wedelia calendulacea,Wedelia chinensis,and Sphagneticola tri...Plant-derived natural products have long been a vital source for developing therapeutic drugs.Wedelolactone(WDL),a coumestan isolated from Eclipta prostrata,Wedelia calendulacea,Wedelia chinensis,and Sphagneticola trilobata,demonstrates a broad spectrum of therapeutic potential,including anticancer,anti-inflammatory,anti-obesity,anti-myotoxic,antimicrobial,anti-diabetic,and tissue-protective activities.This review synthesizes information on the isolation,total synthesis,pharmacological activity,underlying mechanisms,and pharmacokinetic properties of WDL.Additionally,it offers insights into potential clinical applications and future drug discovery avenues utilizing WDL or its derivatives,either independently or in combination with other pharmaceuticals.展开更多
Carnosine(β-alanyl-L-histidine)is a naturally occurring endogenous peptide widely distributed in excitable tissues,such as the heart and brain.Over the years,several beneficial effects of carnosine have been discusse...Carnosine(β-alanyl-L-histidine)is a naturally occurring endogenous peptide widely distributed in excitable tissues,such as the heart and brain.Over the years,several beneficial effects of carnosine have been discussed well in scientific literature.In particular,this dipeptide is well-known for its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-aggregation activities.It is of great interest in the context of numerous systemic and neurodegenerative diseases,besides performing important“side activities”such as metal chelation and pH-buffering.Despite a plethora of preclinical and clinical data supporting carnosine’s therapeutic potential,researchers are still searching for new pharmacological targets that better highlight carnosine’s overall multimodal mechanism of action and allow its disease-specific use.The aim of the present mini-review,after quickly summarizing the current knowledge of carnosine biological properties,is to pinpoint the role of some non-canonical factors/pathways positively modulated by this dipeptide,highlighting their perspective role as future pharmacological targets.展开更多
Naru Sanwei Pill,also known as Naru-3,a Mongolian medicine originating from Zhigao Pharmacopoeia,is a classic prescription used in the treatment of rheumatism.It is composed of Terminalia chebula,processed Aconitum ku...Naru Sanwei Pill,also known as Naru-3,a Mongolian medicine originating from Zhigao Pharmacopoeia,is a classic prescription used in the treatment of rheumatism.It is composed of Terminalia chebula,processed Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.,and Piper longum,and is known for its effects in eliminating“mucus,”relieving pain,and reducing swelling,with significant efficacy in treating joint effusion and lumbar pain.In recent years,researchers have summarized its chemical components and pharmacological effects,and employed network pharmacology methods based on the core theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine quality markers(Q-Markers)to analyze and predict its markers.The results identified potential Q-Markers for Naru-3,providing a scientific basis for quality control and further research.展开更多
Heart failure(HF)is characterized by unbalanced oxygen demand and supply and impaired exercise capacity,which substantially affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients with HF.Cardiac rehabilitation is an ef...Heart failure(HF)is characterized by unbalanced oxygen demand and supply and impaired exercise capacity,which substantially affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients with HF.Cardiac rehabilitation is an effective intervention for improving exercise intolerance in patients with cardiovascular diseases,including HF.However,cardiac rehabilitation is not always accessible to these patients because a restricted number of hospitals offer cardiac rehabilitation,and access to these hospitals is limited to those who require rehabilitation.Although pharmacological interventions may help improve exercise capacity in patients with HF,evidence for this intervention is scarce.This mini-review summarizes the available research on the effects of pharmacological therapies on improving exercise capacity.展开更多
As a diuretic and dampness-eliminating medicinal agent in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Zexie(Alismatis Rhizoma)is commonly used for symptoms such as dysuria,edema and abdominal distension,diarrhea with oliguria,a...As a diuretic and dampness-eliminating medicinal agent in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Zexie(Alismatis Rhizoma)is commonly used for symptoms such as dysuria,edema and abdominal distension,diarrhea with oliguria,and dizziness due to phlegm–fluid retention.Systematic phytochemical studies have revealed that the active components of Zexie(Alismatis Rhizoma)are primarily triterpenoids,along with sesquiterpenes,polysaccharides,sterols,alkaloids,phenolic acids,and lignans.These components form the material basis for its pharmacological activities.Recent breakthroughs in pharmacological research have expanded beyond its traditionally recognized diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects:Its antiurolithiasis effect has been clearly linked to inhibiting the crystallization of stone components and promoting stone expulsion;its renal protective effect can ameliorate kidney injury by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses in renal tissues;its lipid-lowering mechanism involves regulating lipid metabolism pathways and reducing lipid deposition;in terms of anticancer activity,it exhibits proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in various tumor cells such as liver,lung,and colon cancers;additionally,it shows significant antibacterial activity against pathogens,including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.展开更多
Korla fragrant pears are one of the“famous,excellent,and special”fruits in Xinjiang.They belong to the white pear variety in the genus Pyrus of the Rosaceae family.With a long-standing planting history and strong re...Korla fragrant pears are one of the“famous,excellent,and special”fruits in Xinjiang.They belong to the white pear variety in the genus Pyrus of the Rosaceae family.With a long-standing planting history and strong regional characteristics,they are mainly produced in southern Xinjiang.Due to unique natural conditions such as large temperature differences between day and night and sufficient sunlight,Korla fragrant pears have a crispy texture,a sweet but not cloying taste,and their flesh is delicate and juicy,with excellent quality.Korla fragrant pears contain a variety of bioactive substances,mainly including polysaccharides,polyphenolic compounds,flavonoid compounds,triterpenoids,and sterols.They have medical effects such as“moistening the lungs,calming the heart,reducing phlegm,anti-inflammation,relieving cough,and resolving carbuncle toxins”.Uyghur and Mongolian medicine often use them as a good dietary therapy product.Based on recent literature reports,this paper reviews the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Korla fragrant pears,aiming to provide references for the research and utilization of the deep processing of Korla fragrant pears.展开更多
Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1)is a genetic disorder affecting 1 in 3000 people due to heterozygous mutations in the NF1 gene.Patients with NF1 can develop multiple symptoms,such as neurofibromas,skin hyperpigmentation,...Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1)is a genetic disorder affecting 1 in 3000 people due to heterozygous mutations in the NF1 gene.Patients with NF1 can develop multiple symptoms,such as neurofibromas,skin hyperpigmentation,and bone abnormalities,including tibial pseudarthrosis and spine deformity.Here,we aimed to elucidate the cellular origin and pathogenic mechanism of NF1 spine deformity.We explored the Prss56-Nf1 knockout(KO)mouse model that recapitulates neurofibromas and pseudarthrosis by carrying Nf1 gene inactivation in Prss56-expressing boundary cap cells,a neural crest subset,and their derivatives.Micro-CT analyses showed that Prss56-Nf1 KO mice exhibit spine deformity from 12 months of age,associated with vertebral anomalies reminiscent of patients with NF1.Fate mapping revealed a significant increase in OSX^(+)osteoblasts of the Prss56 lineage in vertebrae of Prss56-Nf1 KO mice.Increased traced Nf1-deficient cells correlated with increased vertebral bone volume and kyphosis spine curvature.Finally,we showed that treating Prss56-Nf1 KO mice with RAS-MAPK pathway inhibitors prevented spine deformity.Overall,the Prss56-Nf1 KO mouse model unravels the role of osteoblasts from the Prss56 lineage as the cellular origin of NF1 spine deformity and highlights RAS-MAPK pathway inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing NF1 spine deformity.展开更多
Rhizoma Atractylodis has a long history of medicinal use,a broad spectrum of applications,and diverse clinical utility.This review provides a comprehensive overview of Rhizoma Atractylodis,focusing on its processing,c...Rhizoma Atractylodis has a long history of medicinal use,a broad spectrum of applications,and diverse clinical utility.This review provides a comprehensive overview of Rhizoma Atractylodis,focusing on its processing,chemical composition,pharmacological effects,and product development.Processing methods include stir-frying with bran,stir-frying until cooked,and rinsing with rice-washed water.The chemical composition includes terpenes,alkynes,sugars and their glycosides,organic acids and their esters,coumarins,and other compounds.Its pharmacological effects include the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases,arthritis,liver diseases,lung diseases,cancer,cardiovascular conditions,etc.Finally,product development prospects include decoction-ready products,Chinese patent medicines,health products and daily necessities,epidemic prevention,and veterinary medicine.Notably,this review simultaneously discusses,analyzes,and explores the quality control and industrial development of Rhizoma Atractylodis,offering guidance for advancing related industries,enhancing production quality control,and exploring innovative strategies for the clinical application and development of new Rhizoma Atractylodis-based products.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effect of pharmacological pupil alterations on intraocular lens(IOL)power calculations.METHODS:A systematic review and Meta-analysis of studies published before December 2023 in the PubMed,Embas...AIM:To investigate the effect of pharmacological pupil alterations on intraocular lens(IOL)power calculations.METHODS:A systematic review and Meta-analysis of studies published before December 2023 in the PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane library databases on the accuracy of pharmacological pupil changes on IOL power calculation was performed.The primary outcome was the results of IOL power calculations before and after the use of medications.Subgroup analyses were performed based on participants’basic characteristics,such as age,axial length(AL),and whether miosis or mydriasis were used as classification criteria for further analyses.Each eligible study was evaluated for potential risk of bias by the AHRQ assessment scale.The study was registered on PROSPERO(CRD 42024497535).RESULTS:A total of 3062 eyes from 21 studies were eligible.There was no significant difference in the IOL power calculation before and after pharmacological pupil changes using any of the Hoffer Q(WMD=0.055,95%CI=-0.046–0.156;P=0.29),SRK/T(WMD=0.003,95%CI=-0.073–0.080;P=0.93),Haigis(WMD=-0.030,95%CI=-0.176–0.116;P=0.69),Holladay 2(WMD=-0.042,95%CI=-0.366–0.282;P=0.80),and Barrett Universal Ⅱ(WMD=0.033,95%CI=-0.061–0.127;P=0.49)formulas.On the measurement of parameters related to IOL power calculation,for either miosis or mydriasis AL(P=0.98 and 0.29,respectively),lens thickness(P=0.96 and 0.13,respectively),and mean keratometry(P=0.90 and 0.86,respectively)did not present significant differences,while anterior chamber depth(P=0.07 and<0.01,respectively)and white-to-white distance(P=0.01 and 0.04,respectively)changed significantly between the two measurements prior and posterior.At the same time,despite there being some participants with the difference between the before and after calculations greater than 0.5 diopter,there was no significant difference in the incidence rate between these formulas.CONCLUSION:There is no significant effect of pharmacological pupil changes on the IOL power calculation.It will considerably reduce the visit time burden for patients who require cataract surgery.展开更多
The neem flower(Azadirachta indica),a well-known element of Ayurvedic medicine,has attracted considerable interest due to its abundance of bioactive compounds.This systematic review examines its pharmacological and im...The neem flower(Azadirachta indica),a well-known element of Ayurvedic medicine,has attracted considerable interest due to its abundance of bioactive compounds.This systematic review examines its pharmacological and immunomodulatory properties in detail,emphasizing its potential role in contemporary healthcare.Neem flowers are rich in various bioactive components,such as flavonoids,terpenoids,and glycosides,known for their antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,and anticancer properties.Recent studies indicate that extracts from neem flowers can influence immune system activity by boosting both innate and adaptive immune functions while reducing excessive inflammation.These properties suggest that neem flowers could serve as valuable therapeutic agents for treating immune-related disorders.Additionally,neem flowers have demonstrated promise in addressing conditions such as diabetes,cardiovascular issues,and microbial infections through their ability to regulate metabolic functions and inhibit the growth of harmful pathogens.Preclinical research highlights their protective effects against oxidative damage and their capacity to induce apoptosis in cancer cells.However,challenges such as the lack of standardized extraction processes and limited clinical research hinder broader utilization.This review emphasizes the need for more robust studies to fully harness the pharmacological potential of neem flowers and facilitate their incorporation into evidence-based medicinal properties.展开更多
As a traditional medicinal and edible herb,Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)exhibits pharmacological activities closely associated with its characteristic chemical components,such as volatile oils(e.g.,ligustilide),or...As a traditional medicinal and edible herb,Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)exhibits pharmacological activities closely associated with its characteristic chemical components,such as volatile oils(e.g.,ligustilide),organic acids(e.g.,ferulic acid),and polysaccharides.It demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological effects,including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection,neuroprotective functions,blood glucose regulation,antitumor activity,and hematopoietic promotion.Clinically,Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)is often combined with other Chinese herbs to treat immune-related disorders,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,neurodegenerative conditions,diabetes,and cancer.Although existing studies have identified some active components,the mechanisms and pharmacological roles of many others remain underexplored.Future research should focus on systematically analyzing diverse active constituents such as flavonoids,coumarins,amino acids,bioactive peptides,trace elements,and vitamins.Integrating multiomics and molecular docking technologies will help elucidate key targets and molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and immunomodulatory effects,thereby facilitating the development of precise therapies based on multicomponent synergy.Additionally,in-depth investigation of herb-pairing effects and establishment of scientific quality control standards are essential to expand clinical applications and enhance the medicinal value of this traditional herb.展开更多
Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia Decoction(GXBD)is a traditional Chinese herbal formula including four traditional Chinese medicines:Gualou(Trichosanthis Fructus,TF),Xiebai(Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus,AMB),Banxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma...Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia Decoction(GXBD)is a traditional Chinese herbal formula including four traditional Chinese medicines:Gualou(Trichosanthis Fructus,TF),Xiebai(Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus,AMB),Banxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma,PR)and yellow wine.It is a classical therapy for chest stuffiness and pain syndrome and is widely used in the clinical treatment of coronary heart disease.It also shows significant therapeutic effects on pulmonary heart disease,hyperlipidemia,and arrhythmia.This study conducted a literature review and collected information on GXBD from databases such as PubMed,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and ScienceDirect.The result indicated that the main active ingredients of GXBD are steroids,flavonoids,terpenoids,alkaloids,amino acids,and organic acids.Trigonelline,macrostemonoside and cucurbitacin B can provide reference for its quality control.GXBD may exert therapeutic effects on coronary heart disease through AMPK,PI3K-AKT,oxLDL,VEGF,and NF-κB signal pathways.This review provides a comprehensive analysis and summary of the chemical composition and in vivo metabolism of three traditional Chinese medicines(TF,AMB,and PR),along with an evaluation of the chemical composition,quality control,pharmacological effects,and clinical application of GXBD.Based on these,areas requiring further research on GXBD have been proposed to provide a reference for its further development and new drug research.展开更多
This paper systematically categorizes the primary composition of star anise(Illicium verum),including volatile oils,flavonoids,phenolic acids,and sesquiterpene lactones,and further analyzes the pharmacological activit...This paper systematically categorizes the primary composition of star anise(Illicium verum),including volatile oils,flavonoids,phenolic acids,and sesquiterpene lactones,and further analyzes the pharmacological activities,such as antibacterial,analgesic,anti-inflammatory,and antioxidant effects.Additionally,it summarizes key aspects of extraction techniques,analytical methods,and fresh material processing technologies.The objective is to provide a robust foundation for enhancing research methods and technological standards related to star anise,thereby improving resource utilization efficiency and facilitating its industrial applications.展开更多
Jing Fang granules(JFG)are a modern Chinese medicinal formulation derived from Jing Fang Defeating Toxin San(JFDS).JFG primarily contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids/flavonoid glycosides,coumarins and other...Jing Fang granules(JFG)are a modern Chinese medicinal formulation derived from Jing Fang Defeating Toxin San(JFDS).JFG primarily contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids/flavonoid glycosides,coumarins and other components,which have various activities:anti-inflammatory,immune system regulation,antiviral,anti-aging,detoxification,and protection of the liver,lungs,and kidneys.JFG has broad potential therapeutic applications.The mechanisms of JFG’s actions are primarily associated with signaling pathways such as TLR4/NF-κB,PI3K/AKT,and MAPK.This article reviews the research progress on JFG,including chemical composition,pharmacologic effects,mechanism of action,safety,clinical application,etc.,serving as a foundation for future research and clinical applications.展开更多
Daucus carota(D.carota)is rich phytochemical content and has potential pharmacological properties.The root of the carrot serves as a nutritious source of vitamins,particularly notable for its highβ-carotene content,w...Daucus carota(D.carota)is rich phytochemical content and has potential pharmacological properties.The root of the carrot serves as a nutritious source of vitamins,particularly notable for its highβ-carotene content,which is a precursor to vitamin A.Additionally,it is an excellent source of flavonoids,polyacetylenes,phenolic acids,and carotenoids.These phytochemicals are associated with numerous health benefits,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,anticancer,and hepatoprotective effects.Recent research has expanded our knowledge of these bioactive compounds,providing insights into theirmolecular mechanisms of action.This information underscores the relevance of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of carrot phytochemicals in the prevention and management of chronic diseases such as anti-inflammatory activity,antioxidant activity,hepatoprotective activity,antifungal activity,antimicrobial activity,antibacterial activity,anticancer activity,antidiabetic activity,antiulcer activity,cardioprotective activity,antidepressant activity,antidementia effect,and analgesic effect.Moreover,the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of carrot extracts suggest their potential applications in traditional medicine and as complementary treatments in contemporary therapeutic practices.展开更多
Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex Benth.is a commonly used herb among ethnic minorities.Its whole plant is used as medicine for conditions such as heatstroke,tinnitus,hearing loss,phlegm heat cough,gum swelling and pain...Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex Benth.is a commonly used herb among ethnic minorities.Its whole plant is used as medicine for conditions such as heatstroke,tinnitus,hearing loss,phlegm heat cough,gum swelling and pain,lower back and knee pain,vaginal discharge and infantile malnutrition.Modern pharmaceutical research has found that Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex Benth.mainly contains flavonoids,steroids,organic acids and terpenes,which have antibacterial,free radical scavenging,antiinflammatory and other effects.Quality control mainly focuses on characteristics,identification,content determination,etc.This article summarizes the recent research progress on the chemical composition,pharmacological effects,quality control and extraction process of Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex Benth.on the basis of existing Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex Benth.research reports.展开更多
Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) represent a cornerstone therapy foradvanced heart failure. However, their efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus (T2DM) is challenged by diabetes-exacerbated complica...Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) represent a cornerstone therapy foradvanced heart failure. However, their efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus (T2DM) is challenged by diabetes-exacerbated complications. To determineoptimal pharmacological strategies to mitigate major LVAD-relatedcomplications in patients with T2DM. This review provides evidence for pharmacologicalstrategies to mitigate major LVAD-related complications in T2DM, inwhich endothelial dysfunction (via impaired PI3K/Akt-NO signaling), chronicinflammation, and diabetic nephropathy amplify the risk of thrombosis, bleeding,infection, and right ventricular (RV) failure. For thromboembolism prevention,individualized warfarin management (international normalized ratio: 2.0-3.0)with intensified monitoring is essential, while aspirin omission in magneticallylevitated devices (2 trials) reduces bleeding. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors showpromise for thrombosis reduction, but require bleeding risk assessment. Glycemiccontrol necessitates the proactive de-escalation of insulin/sulfonylureas post-LVAD owing to improved insulin sensitivity and hypoglycemia risks, favoringSGLT-2 inhibitors/GLP-1 receptor agonists for cardiometabolic benefits. Drivelineinfection management requires renal-adjusted antimicrobial prophylaxis, culturedirectedtherapy, and novel approaches for drug-resistant cases. The preventionof RV failure depends on preoperative hemodynamic optimization and postoperativeinotropic support. A multidisciplinary approach integrating anticoagulationprecision, infection control, glycemic tailoring, and hemodynamic stabilizationis critical to counter T2DM-pathophysiology interactions.展开更多
Dear Editors,The term“developmental disconnection syndromes”(DDSs)was first coined by Geshwind and Levitt in 2007[1]to describe the weakening of already formed connections or an absence of certain connections to est...Dear Editors,The term“developmental disconnection syndromes”(DDSs)was first coined by Geshwind and Levitt in 2007[1]to describe the weakening of already formed connections or an absence of certain connections to establish correct organization de novo in early developmental stages.DDSs include a number of neuropsychiatric diseases,such as autistic spectrum disorder(ASD)[1,2],which is characterized by impaired social communication and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors.Nevertheless,the exact etiology underlying these“disconnections”and their abnormal developmental trajectory remains largely unclear.Even less known is whether developmental disconnections relevant to autism can be rescued by early intervention thereby preventing neuropsychiatric and repetitive symptoms in later stages.This study addresses these important questions.展开更多
Scutellaria baicalensis(S.baicalensis)is a heat-clearing and moisture-drying medicine,which is used to treat diseases such as warm fever,upper respiratory tract infection,lung heat cough,moist heat jaundice,pneumonia,...Scutellaria baicalensis(S.baicalensis)is a heat-clearing and moisture-drying medicine,which is used to treat diseases such as warm fever,upper respiratory tract infection,lung heat cough,moist heat jaundice,pneumonia,dysentery,hemoptysis,red eyes,restless fetus,hypertension,abscess,swelling and boils.In recent years,with the in-depth study of its chemical composition and pharmacological activity,it was found that the clinical antibacterial activity of S.baicalensis was significant,and it did not produce drug resistance.The chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S.baicalensis were reviewed in this paper.This review can provide reference for further development and utilization of medicinal value of S.baicalensis.展开更多
文摘This editorial offers insights from a minireview by Venkatesh et al,who explored pharmacological adjuvants for diabetic vitrectomy.Specifically,they synthesized current knowledge and evaluated the efficacy of various adjunctive therapies in improving the outcomes of diabetic retinopathy and managing associated complications.Herein,we highlight the key roles of pharmacological adjuvants in optimizing surgical techniques,minimizing intraoperative challenges,and enhancing postoperative recovery.We further discuss the potential implications of this approach for clinical practice and future research directions in this evolving field.Overall,this editorial underscores the importance of incorporating pharmacological adjuvants into standard diabetic vitrectomy care to improve surgical outcomes and thus patients’quality of life.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82322062)Jiangsu Province Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists (No.BK20211527)。
文摘Plant-derived natural products have long been a vital source for developing therapeutic drugs.Wedelolactone(WDL),a coumestan isolated from Eclipta prostrata,Wedelia calendulacea,Wedelia chinensis,and Sphagneticola trilobata,demonstrates a broad spectrum of therapeutic potential,including anticancer,anti-inflammatory,anti-obesity,anti-myotoxic,antimicrobial,anti-diabetic,and tissue-protective activities.This review synthesizes information on the isolation,total synthesis,pharmacological activity,underlying mechanisms,and pharmacokinetic properties of WDL.Additionally,it offers insights into potential clinical applications and future drug discovery avenues utilizing WDL or its derivatives,either independently or in combination with other pharmaceuticals.
文摘Carnosine(β-alanyl-L-histidine)is a naturally occurring endogenous peptide widely distributed in excitable tissues,such as the heart and brain.Over the years,several beneficial effects of carnosine have been discussed well in scientific literature.In particular,this dipeptide is well-known for its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-aggregation activities.It is of great interest in the context of numerous systemic and neurodegenerative diseases,besides performing important“side activities”such as metal chelation and pH-buffering.Despite a plethora of preclinical and clinical data supporting carnosine’s therapeutic potential,researchers are still searching for new pharmacological targets that better highlight carnosine’s overall multimodal mechanism of action and allow its disease-specific use.The aim of the present mini-review,after quickly summarizing the current knowledge of carnosine biological properties,is to pinpoint the role of some non-canonical factors/pathways positively modulated by this dipeptide,highlighting their perspective role as future pharmacological targets.
文摘Naru Sanwei Pill,also known as Naru-3,a Mongolian medicine originating from Zhigao Pharmacopoeia,is a classic prescription used in the treatment of rheumatism.It is composed of Terminalia chebula,processed Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.,and Piper longum,and is known for its effects in eliminating“mucus,”relieving pain,and reducing swelling,with significant efficacy in treating joint effusion and lumbar pain.In recent years,researchers have summarized its chemical components and pharmacological effects,and employed network pharmacology methods based on the core theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine quality markers(Q-Markers)to analyze and predict its markers.The results identified potential Q-Markers for Naru-3,providing a scientific basis for quality control and further research.
文摘Heart failure(HF)is characterized by unbalanced oxygen demand and supply and impaired exercise capacity,which substantially affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients with HF.Cardiac rehabilitation is an effective intervention for improving exercise intolerance in patients with cardiovascular diseases,including HF.However,cardiac rehabilitation is not always accessible to these patients because a restricted number of hospitals offer cardiac rehabilitation,and access to these hospitals is limited to those who require rehabilitation.Although pharmacological interventions may help improve exercise capacity in patients with HF,evidence for this intervention is scarce.This mini-review summarizes the available research on the effects of pharmacological therapies on improving exercise capacity.
文摘As a diuretic and dampness-eliminating medicinal agent in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Zexie(Alismatis Rhizoma)is commonly used for symptoms such as dysuria,edema and abdominal distension,diarrhea with oliguria,and dizziness due to phlegm–fluid retention.Systematic phytochemical studies have revealed that the active components of Zexie(Alismatis Rhizoma)are primarily triterpenoids,along with sesquiterpenes,polysaccharides,sterols,alkaloids,phenolic acids,and lignans.These components form the material basis for its pharmacological activities.Recent breakthroughs in pharmacological research have expanded beyond its traditionally recognized diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects:Its antiurolithiasis effect has been clearly linked to inhibiting the crystallization of stone components and promoting stone expulsion;its renal protective effect can ameliorate kidney injury by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses in renal tissues;its lipid-lowering mechanism involves regulating lipid metabolism pathways and reducing lipid deposition;in terms of anticancer activity,it exhibits proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in various tumor cells such as liver,lung,and colon cancers;additionally,it shows significant antibacterial activity against pathogens,including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
基金Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Project of the Autonomous Prefecture(Project No.:202401)National College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(Project Title:"Li Zhiyun·Ku Li Chun"-Pioneer in Promoting National Geographic Brand,Project Number:202513561005).
文摘Korla fragrant pears are one of the“famous,excellent,and special”fruits in Xinjiang.They belong to the white pear variety in the genus Pyrus of the Rosaceae family.With a long-standing planting history and strong regional characteristics,they are mainly produced in southern Xinjiang.Due to unique natural conditions such as large temperature differences between day and night and sufficient sunlight,Korla fragrant pears have a crispy texture,a sweet but not cloying taste,and their flesh is delicate and juicy,with excellent quality.Korla fragrant pears contain a variety of bioactive substances,mainly including polysaccharides,polyphenolic compounds,flavonoid compounds,triterpenoids,and sterols.They have medical effects such as“moistening the lungs,calming the heart,reducing phlegm,anti-inflammation,relieving cough,and resolving carbuncle toxins”.Uyghur and Mongolian medicine often use them as a good dietary therapy product.Based on recent literature reports,this paper reviews the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Korla fragrant pears,aiming to provide references for the research and utilization of the deep processing of Korla fragrant pears.
基金Association Neurofibromatoses et Recklinghausen(C.C)Agence Nationale de la Recherche-18-CE14-0033(C.C.,P.T.)+2 种基金Agence Nationale de la Recherche-21-CE18-007-01(C.C.,P.T.)US Department of the Army NF220019(C.C.)supported by a PhD fellowship from the University Paris-Est Créteil and the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale(FRM)(FDT202304016600 to FK and ECO202306017399 to CG)。
文摘Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1)is a genetic disorder affecting 1 in 3000 people due to heterozygous mutations in the NF1 gene.Patients with NF1 can develop multiple symptoms,such as neurofibromas,skin hyperpigmentation,and bone abnormalities,including tibial pseudarthrosis and spine deformity.Here,we aimed to elucidate the cellular origin and pathogenic mechanism of NF1 spine deformity.We explored the Prss56-Nf1 knockout(KO)mouse model that recapitulates neurofibromas and pseudarthrosis by carrying Nf1 gene inactivation in Prss56-expressing boundary cap cells,a neural crest subset,and their derivatives.Micro-CT analyses showed that Prss56-Nf1 KO mice exhibit spine deformity from 12 months of age,associated with vertebral anomalies reminiscent of patients with NF1.Fate mapping revealed a significant increase in OSX^(+)osteoblasts of the Prss56 lineage in vertebrae of Prss56-Nf1 KO mice.Increased traced Nf1-deficient cells correlated with increased vertebral bone volume and kyphosis spine curvature.Finally,we showed that treating Prss56-Nf1 KO mice with RAS-MAPK pathway inhibitors prevented spine deformity.Overall,the Prss56-Nf1 KO mouse model unravels the role of osteoblasts from the Prss56 lineage as the cellular origin of NF1 spine deformity and highlights RAS-MAPK pathway inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing NF1 spine deformity.
基金by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2023AFD154)Wuhan Municipal Health Scientific Research Fund(WZ24Z22).
文摘Rhizoma Atractylodis has a long history of medicinal use,a broad spectrum of applications,and diverse clinical utility.This review provides a comprehensive overview of Rhizoma Atractylodis,focusing on its processing,chemical composition,pharmacological effects,and product development.Processing methods include stir-frying with bran,stir-frying until cooked,and rinsing with rice-washed water.The chemical composition includes terpenes,alkynes,sugars and their glycosides,organic acids and their esters,coumarins,and other compounds.Its pharmacological effects include the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases,arthritis,liver diseases,lung diseases,cancer,cardiovascular conditions,etc.Finally,product development prospects include decoction-ready products,Chinese patent medicines,health products and daily necessities,epidemic prevention,and veterinary medicine.Notably,this review simultaneously discusses,analyzes,and explores the quality control and industrial development of Rhizoma Atractylodis,offering guidance for advancing related industries,enhancing production quality control,and exploring innovative strategies for the clinical application and development of new Rhizoma Atractylodis-based products.
基金Supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation from Beijing Municipal Government(No.7202030).
文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of pharmacological pupil alterations on intraocular lens(IOL)power calculations.METHODS:A systematic review and Meta-analysis of studies published before December 2023 in the PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane library databases on the accuracy of pharmacological pupil changes on IOL power calculation was performed.The primary outcome was the results of IOL power calculations before and after the use of medications.Subgroup analyses were performed based on participants’basic characteristics,such as age,axial length(AL),and whether miosis or mydriasis were used as classification criteria for further analyses.Each eligible study was evaluated for potential risk of bias by the AHRQ assessment scale.The study was registered on PROSPERO(CRD 42024497535).RESULTS:A total of 3062 eyes from 21 studies were eligible.There was no significant difference in the IOL power calculation before and after pharmacological pupil changes using any of the Hoffer Q(WMD=0.055,95%CI=-0.046–0.156;P=0.29),SRK/T(WMD=0.003,95%CI=-0.073–0.080;P=0.93),Haigis(WMD=-0.030,95%CI=-0.176–0.116;P=0.69),Holladay 2(WMD=-0.042,95%CI=-0.366–0.282;P=0.80),and Barrett Universal Ⅱ(WMD=0.033,95%CI=-0.061–0.127;P=0.49)formulas.On the measurement of parameters related to IOL power calculation,for either miosis or mydriasis AL(P=0.98 and 0.29,respectively),lens thickness(P=0.96 and 0.13,respectively),and mean keratometry(P=0.90 and 0.86,respectively)did not present significant differences,while anterior chamber depth(P=0.07 and<0.01,respectively)and white-to-white distance(P=0.01 and 0.04,respectively)changed significantly between the two measurements prior and posterior.At the same time,despite there being some participants with the difference between the before and after calculations greater than 0.5 diopter,there was no significant difference in the incidence rate between these formulas.CONCLUSION:There is no significant effect of pharmacological pupil changes on the IOL power calculation.It will considerably reduce the visit time burden for patients who require cataract surgery.
文摘The neem flower(Azadirachta indica),a well-known element of Ayurvedic medicine,has attracted considerable interest due to its abundance of bioactive compounds.This systematic review examines its pharmacological and immunomodulatory properties in detail,emphasizing its potential role in contemporary healthcare.Neem flowers are rich in various bioactive components,such as flavonoids,terpenoids,and glycosides,known for their antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,and anticancer properties.Recent studies indicate that extracts from neem flowers can influence immune system activity by boosting both innate and adaptive immune functions while reducing excessive inflammation.These properties suggest that neem flowers could serve as valuable therapeutic agents for treating immune-related disorders.Additionally,neem flowers have demonstrated promise in addressing conditions such as diabetes,cardiovascular issues,and microbial infections through their ability to regulate metabolic functions and inhibit the growth of harmful pathogens.Preclinical research highlights their protective effects against oxidative damage and their capacity to induce apoptosis in cancer cells.However,challenges such as the lack of standardized extraction processes and limited clinical research hinder broader utilization.This review emphasizes the need for more robust studies to fully harness the pharmacological potential of neem flowers and facilitate their incorporation into evidence-based medicinal properties.
基金Key Scientific Research Projects of Henan Higher Education Institutions(21A320018).
文摘As a traditional medicinal and edible herb,Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)exhibits pharmacological activities closely associated with its characteristic chemical components,such as volatile oils(e.g.,ligustilide),organic acids(e.g.,ferulic acid),and polysaccharides.It demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological effects,including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection,neuroprotective functions,blood glucose regulation,antitumor activity,and hematopoietic promotion.Clinically,Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)is often combined with other Chinese herbs to treat immune-related disorders,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,neurodegenerative conditions,diabetes,and cancer.Although existing studies have identified some active components,the mechanisms and pharmacological roles of many others remain underexplored.Future research should focus on systematically analyzing diverse active constituents such as flavonoids,coumarins,amino acids,bioactive peptides,trace elements,and vitamins.Integrating multiomics and molecular docking technologies will help elucidate key targets and molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and immunomodulatory effects,thereby facilitating the development of precise therapies based on multicomponent synergy.Additionally,in-depth investigation of herb-pairing effects and establishment of scientific quality control standards are essential to expand clinical applications and enhance the medicinal value of this traditional herb.
基金National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (grant number: 81973696).
文摘Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia Decoction(GXBD)is a traditional Chinese herbal formula including four traditional Chinese medicines:Gualou(Trichosanthis Fructus,TF),Xiebai(Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus,AMB),Banxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma,PR)and yellow wine.It is a classical therapy for chest stuffiness and pain syndrome and is widely used in the clinical treatment of coronary heart disease.It also shows significant therapeutic effects on pulmonary heart disease,hyperlipidemia,and arrhythmia.This study conducted a literature review and collected information on GXBD from databases such as PubMed,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and ScienceDirect.The result indicated that the main active ingredients of GXBD are steroids,flavonoids,terpenoids,alkaloids,amino acids,and organic acids.Trigonelline,macrostemonoside and cucurbitacin B can provide reference for its quality control.GXBD may exert therapeutic effects on coronary heart disease through AMPK,PI3K-AKT,oxLDL,VEGF,and NF-κB signal pathways.This review provides a comprehensive analysis and summary of the chemical composition and in vivo metabolism of three traditional Chinese medicines(TF,AMB,and PR),along with an evaluation of the chemical composition,quality control,pharmacological effects,and clinical application of GXBD.Based on these,areas requiring further research on GXBD have been proposed to provide a reference for its further development and new drug research.
基金Supported by Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(GXZYA20230001)Research Fund Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Medicinal Botanical Garden(202304).
文摘This paper systematically categorizes the primary composition of star anise(Illicium verum),including volatile oils,flavonoids,phenolic acids,and sesquiterpene lactones,and further analyzes the pharmacological activities,such as antibacterial,analgesic,anti-inflammatory,and antioxidant effects.Additionally,it summarizes key aspects of extraction techniques,analytical methods,and fresh material processing technologies.The objective is to provide a robust foundation for enhancing research methods and technological standards related to star anise,thereby improving resource utilization efficiency and facilitating its industrial applications.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(No.2024TZXD067,2022SFGC0105)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2023QB021)+2 种基金Young Taishan Scholarship to Xuekui Xia(No.tsqn202103100)Jinan Talent Project for Universities(No.2021GXRC062,202228088)Key innovation Project and Science,Education and Industry Integration Innovation Pilot Project of Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)(No.2022JBZ01-06,2024ZDZX03,2023RCKY214).
文摘Jing Fang granules(JFG)are a modern Chinese medicinal formulation derived from Jing Fang Defeating Toxin San(JFDS).JFG primarily contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids/flavonoid glycosides,coumarins and other components,which have various activities:anti-inflammatory,immune system regulation,antiviral,anti-aging,detoxification,and protection of the liver,lungs,and kidneys.JFG has broad potential therapeutic applications.The mechanisms of JFG’s actions are primarily associated with signaling pathways such as TLR4/NF-κB,PI3K/AKT,and MAPK.This article reviews the research progress on JFG,including chemical composition,pharmacologic effects,mechanism of action,safety,clinical application,etc.,serving as a foundation for future research and clinical applications.
文摘Daucus carota(D.carota)is rich phytochemical content and has potential pharmacological properties.The root of the carrot serves as a nutritious source of vitamins,particularly notable for its highβ-carotene content,which is a precursor to vitamin A.Additionally,it is an excellent source of flavonoids,polyacetylenes,phenolic acids,and carotenoids.These phytochemicals are associated with numerous health benefits,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,anticancer,and hepatoprotective effects.Recent research has expanded our knowledge of these bioactive compounds,providing insights into theirmolecular mechanisms of action.This information underscores the relevance of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of carrot phytochemicals in the prevention and management of chronic diseases such as anti-inflammatory activity,antioxidant activity,hepatoprotective activity,antifungal activity,antimicrobial activity,antibacterial activity,anticancer activity,antidiabetic activity,antiulcer activity,cardioprotective activity,antidepressant activity,antidementia effect,and analgesic effect.Moreover,the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of carrot extracts suggest their potential applications in traditional medicine and as complementary treatments in contemporary therapeutic practices.
文摘Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex Benth.is a commonly used herb among ethnic minorities.Its whole plant is used as medicine for conditions such as heatstroke,tinnitus,hearing loss,phlegm heat cough,gum swelling and pain,lower back and knee pain,vaginal discharge and infantile malnutrition.Modern pharmaceutical research has found that Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex Benth.mainly contains flavonoids,steroids,organic acids and terpenes,which have antibacterial,free radical scavenging,antiinflammatory and other effects.Quality control mainly focuses on characteristics,identification,content determination,etc.This article summarizes the recent research progress on the chemical composition,pharmacological effects,quality control and extraction process of Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex Benth.on the basis of existing Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex Benth.research reports.
文摘Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) represent a cornerstone therapy foradvanced heart failure. However, their efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus (T2DM) is challenged by diabetes-exacerbated complications. To determineoptimal pharmacological strategies to mitigate major LVAD-relatedcomplications in patients with T2DM. This review provides evidence for pharmacologicalstrategies to mitigate major LVAD-related complications in T2DM, inwhich endothelial dysfunction (via impaired PI3K/Akt-NO signaling), chronicinflammation, and diabetic nephropathy amplify the risk of thrombosis, bleeding,infection, and right ventricular (RV) failure. For thromboembolism prevention,individualized warfarin management (international normalized ratio: 2.0-3.0)with intensified monitoring is essential, while aspirin omission in magneticallylevitated devices (2 trials) reduces bleeding. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors showpromise for thrombosis reduction, but require bleeding risk assessment. Glycemiccontrol necessitates the proactive de-escalation of insulin/sulfonylureas post-LVAD owing to improved insulin sensitivity and hypoglycemia risks, favoringSGLT-2 inhibitors/GLP-1 receptor agonists for cardiometabolic benefits. Drivelineinfection management requires renal-adjusted antimicrobial prophylaxis, culturedirectedtherapy, and novel approaches for drug-resistant cases. The preventionof RV failure depends on preoperative hemodynamic optimization and postoperativeinotropic support. A multidisciplinary approach integrating anticoagulationprecision, infection control, glycemic tailoring, and hemodynamic stabilizationis critical to counter T2DM-pathophysiology interactions.
基金support JCS,QX,and BQ,as well as covering all experimental and material costs for this project,NIH/NIMH R01 MH094360-06(HWD)grant to support HX,MZ,Lei Gao,Lin Gou,HH and HWD.
文摘Dear Editors,The term“developmental disconnection syndromes”(DDSs)was first coined by Geshwind and Levitt in 2007[1]to describe the weakening of already formed connections or an absence of certain connections to establish correct organization de novo in early developmental stages.DDSs include a number of neuropsychiatric diseases,such as autistic spectrum disorder(ASD)[1,2],which is characterized by impaired social communication and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors.Nevertheless,the exact etiology underlying these“disconnections”and their abnormal developmental trajectory remains largely unclear.Even less known is whether developmental disconnections relevant to autism can be rescued by early intervention thereby preventing neuropsychiatric and repetitive symptoms in later stages.This study addresses these important questions.
基金financially supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(81973284)Scientific Research Foundation of the Education Department of Liaoning Province(LJKZ0944).
文摘Scutellaria baicalensis(S.baicalensis)is a heat-clearing and moisture-drying medicine,which is used to treat diseases such as warm fever,upper respiratory tract infection,lung heat cough,moist heat jaundice,pneumonia,dysentery,hemoptysis,red eyes,restless fetus,hypertension,abscess,swelling and boils.In recent years,with the in-depth study of its chemical composition and pharmacological activity,it was found that the clinical antibacterial activity of S.baicalensis was significant,and it did not produce drug resistance.The chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S.baicalensis were reviewed in this paper.This review can provide reference for further development and utilization of medicinal value of S.baicalensis.
