Background:Precision medicine(PM)has taken center stage in healthcare since the completion of the genomic project.Developed countries have gradually integrated PM into mainstream patient management.However,Nigeria sti...Background:Precision medicine(PM)has taken center stage in healthcare since the completion of the genomic project.Developed countries have gradually integrated PM into mainstream patient management.However,Nigeria still grapples with wide acceptance,key translational research and implementation of PM.This study sought to explore the knowledge and attitude of PM among pharmacists as key stakeholders in the healthcare team.Methods:A cross‐sectional study was conducted in selected tertiary hospitals across the country.A 21‐item semi‐structured questionnaire was administered by hybrid online and physical methods and the results analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 25.Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.A chi‐square test was employed to determine the association of knowledge of PM and the sociodemographic characteristics of the study population.Results:A total of 167 hospital pharmacists participated in the study.A high proportion of the participants are familiar with artificial intelligence(91.75%),Pharmacogenomics(84.5%),and precision medicine(61%).Overall,38.9%of the pharmacists had a good knowledge while 13.2%had a poor knowledge of PM and associated terms.The level of knowledge did not correlate significantly with gender(X^(2)=3.21,p=0.201),age(X^(2)=5,p=0.27),marital status(X^(2)=3.21,p=0.201),and professional level(X^(2)=6.85,p=0.144).The most important value of precision medicine to hospital pharmacists is the ability to minimize the impact of disease through preventive medicine(49%)while a large portion are pursuing and or actively planning to pursue additional education in precision medicine.Conclusions:There is a highly positive attitude toward the prospect of PM among hospital pharmacists in Nigeria.Education modules in this field are highly recommended as most do not have a holistic knowledge of terms used in PM.Also,more research aimed at translating PM knowledge into clinical practice is recommended.展开更多
Objectives:Emotional exhaustion among healthcare professionals,particularly pharmacists,significantly impacts their well-being and efficacy in patient care.Understanding the psychological mechanisms contributing to em...Objectives:Emotional exhaustion among healthcare professionals,particularly pharmacists,significantly impacts their well-being and efficacy in patient care.Understanding the psychological mechanisms contributing to emotional exhaustion is essential for developing effective interventions.The present research sought to investigate the potential mediating roles of rumination and coping strategies(adaptive and maladaptive)in the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion among pharmacists.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was carried out between September 2023 and January 2024 involving 576 pharmacists working in public hospitals in Punjab who met the inclusion criteria and actively participated in the study.We employed the Perceived Stress Scale,the Ruminative Response Scale,the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory(COPE),and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory(OLBI)to assess the hypothesized study model.Path analysis was employed to test the hypothesized mediation model,incorporating simple and chain mediation processes.Results:The findings provided empirical evidence supporting a positive association between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion.Rumination significantlymediated this relationship.Further,both adaptive andmaladaptive coping strategieswere found tomediate this relationship,withmaladaptive coping demonstrating amore substantial impact.Conclusion:The chainmediation model demonstrated that rumination and coping strategies(both maladaptive and adaptive)significantly mediate the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion among pharmacists.Specifically,rumination was found to be a key mediator,with maladaptive coping strategies having a more substantial impact.These findings provide a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms contributing to emotional exhaustion in the pharmacy profession.展开更多
Objective:The evolving landscape of healthcare delivery emphasizes the importance of collaborative relationships between healthcare professionals.Community pharmacists and nurses,though traditionally occupying distinc...Objective:The evolving landscape of healthcare delivery emphasizes the importance of collaborative relationships between healthcare professionals.Community pharmacists and nurses,though traditionally occupying distinct roles,are increasingly working together to provide comprehensive,patient-centered care.Methods:This review explores the collaborative relationship between community pharmacists and nurses,focusing on their unique contributions to chronic disease management,patient education,and medication adherence.The article analyzes existing literature and highlights key interdisciplinary strategies that enhance patient outcomes.Results:By integrating their expertise,pharmacists and nurses can improve health outcomes by addressing both the physical and psychosocial needs of patients.Their collaboration enhances the effectiveness of chronic disease management,promotes early interventions,minimizes medication errors,and fosters improved patient adherence to treatment plans.Conclusions:The findings underscore the need for structured,proactive collaboration models that go beyond independent roles to foster a truly synergistic healthcare environment.Strengthening these interdisciplinary partnerships is crucial for achieving more efficient,holistic,and timely healthcare delivery.展开更多
Objective:To explore the target management model for clinical pharmacists in primary hospitals facing current shortages of clinical pharmacists,in order to improve the work efficiency and service quality of clinical p...Objective:To explore the target management model for clinical pharmacists in primary hospitals facing current shortages of clinical pharmacists,in order to improve the work efficiency and service quality of clinical pharmacy,and promote the high-quality development of clinical pharmacy in primary hospitals.Methods:Developing a target management model,adopting a wide coverage work model of“1+1+N”(that is,1 clinical pharmacist,1 resident clinical department,and N contracted clinical departments).According to the SMART principle,various work assessment indicators were quantified.This involved setting clear work goals,diversifying work methods,personalizing work methods,standardizing workflows,and using numerical assessment indicators.Regular supervision,inspection,feedback,and improvement mechanisms were implemented.Results:The implementation of the target management model has made the work effectiveness of clinical pharmacists visualized.There were more than 200 annual consultations and multidisciplinary team(MDT)cases,with an opinion adoption rate of 90.2%and a patient improvement rate of 80.6%.More than 1500 rational drug use interventions were conducted,with a suggestion adoption rate of 83.5%.In terms of pharmaceutical indicators control.The intensity of antibacterial drug use in 2024(without CMI adjustment)was 30.07 DDDs,significantly lower than the 2023 value of 33.54 DDDs,and also significantly lower than the provincial average(32.87 DDDs)and the average for hospitals of the same level(32.49 DDDs).The daily usage of intravenous infusion per bed for hospitalized patients was 2.09,a decrease from 2.15 in 2023,significantly lower than the provincial average of 2.71 and the average of 2.56 in hospitals of the same level.The amount of the second batch of national key monitoring drugs accounts for the value was 6.48%,significantly lower than the provincial average of 8.27%and the same level hospital average of 8.82%.In terms of chronic disease pharmaceutical management,taking the pharmaceutical management of patients with chronic heart failure as an example,the usage rates of renin-aldosterone-angiotensin-system inhibitors(RAAS inhibitors)and beta-blockers for heart failure in the management group were 87.88%and 80.81%,respectively,significantly higher-1 than those in the control group(62.22%and 65.56%).Heart rate in the management group(69.54±10.68 times·min-1)was significantly lower than in the control group(80.04±17.68 times·min)(P<0.001).The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(1.69±0.57 mmol·L-1)was significantly lower than the control group(1.95±0.77 mmol·L-1)(P<0.001),and the 1-year readmission rate was 47.47%,significantly lower than the control group 56.67%.The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire(MLHFQ)Score was(44.20±10.78),significantly lower than the control group(55.89±11.48)(P<0.001),indicating a significant improvement in the patient’s quality of life.Conclusions:The targeted management model for clinical pharmacists can effectively enhance communication and collaboration between clinical pharmacists and clinicians,improve the work efficiency and service quality of clinical pharmacists in primary hospitals,promote the work of clinical pharmacy towards standardization and scientificization,boost the high-quality development of pharmacy in primary hospitals,and also provide new ideas and methods for the management of clinical pharmacists in other primary hospitals.展开更多
In the present study, clinical pharmacists monitored the blood concentration of vancomycin in children in the Infant Ward from 2013 to 2014, and the drug dose was adjusted according to its plasma concentration. Moreov...In the present study, clinical pharmacists monitored the blood concentration of vancomycin in children in the Infant Ward from 2013 to 2014, and the drug dose was adjusted according to its plasma concentration. Moreover, we analyzed the plasma concentration of vancomycin in infants in the hospital from 2013 to 2014. Simultaneously, we also discussed the necessity of regular therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin in infants, and the important role of clinical pharmacists was further explored. The results showed that it was necessary to routinely monitor the therapeutic drug in infants. Clinical pharmacists performed medication monitoring, which improved the effectiveness of vancomycin and prevented its adverse effects. In addition, it is a new treatment model for the participation of clinical pharmacists in the clinical treatment.展开更多
A series of pharmacy services of clinical pharmacists at the Wuhan Mental Health Center during the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),such as participation in the formulation of COVID-19 pr...A series of pharmacy services of clinical pharmacists at the Wuhan Mental Health Center during the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),such as participation in the formulation of COVID-19 prevention and treatment plans suitable for psychiatric departments,popular science of pharmacy,medical order review,real-time intervention,and medication education are summarized here.Due to the sudden public health incident,the service model of psychiatric clinical pharmacists should be addressed,as clinical pharmacists are an important part of the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric diseases.Among the majors currently available in the clinical pharmacy training base curriculum,no psychiatry major has been set up in China yet;therefore,in this paper,we provide guidance in psychiatry pharmacy for those who wish to integrate clinical teams.展开更多
Zero addition of drugs is an important aspect of medication reformation in the whole country, which is the end of the era of medicine. The role of pharmacists is changing from being medication dispensers to outcome-or...Zero addition of drugs is an important aspect of medication reformation in the whole country, which is the end of the era of medicine. The role of pharmacists is changing from being medication dispensers to outcome-oriented and patient-focused care providers. However, it is still unclear how to play the role of pharmacists and carry out the related work in the new situation. Here, literature for relevant evidence was searched and summarized. Analysis results showed that there was a significant gap between pharmacy practice in China and developed countries. Evidence has supported pharmacists in their emerging role as care providers, that is available to improve the efficacy and quality of pharmaceutical care and ensure the safety of medicines for patients, but still more efforts are needed to promote new attitude toward more professional career, such as paying attention to the examination of outpatient prescription and medical orders, deeply clinical practice and individualized treatment, self-enhancement and public awareness of pharmacists. Collectively, the safety of patients can be ensured only by improving profession of pharmacists and showing the value of pharmacists. In doing so, pharmacy can develop rapidly, and pharmaceutical care with rational drug use can be realized.展开更多
The present study aims to investigate the perceptions and experience of physicians regarding the clinical role of the pharmacists. This is an observational study that was conducted during the period of September 2013 ...The present study aims to investigate the perceptions and experience of physicians regarding the clinical role of the pharmacists. This is an observational study that was conducted during the period of September 2013 through March 2014. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to be distributed by personal interview to the physicians. The questionnaire population consisted of randomly selected physicians practicing in UAE. The questionnaire was piloted by 10 physicians for face and understandability. Demographic data, frequencies and cross tabulation between different variables were calculated. The Chi-square test was used to determine the significance of association between categorical variables (gender, length of medical practice, and specialty) and the perception of physicians. A total of 285 filled questionnaires were returned representing 285 physicians, with a male dominance (65.3%). The average age of the physician screened was 32.4 (SD = 10.38) years with a minimum one year experience and up to 24 years. General practitioners consumed the widest sector (21.8%) followed by cardiologists (15.8%), then internal medicine (10.1%). In the current study, two thirds of the physicians believed that pharmacists could act as a reliable source of general drug information and play an important role in discovering clinical related problems. It was found that the physicians who had fewer years in practice (less than 10 years) and recently graduated had more acceptances to the clinical role of the pharmacist and believed that there should be a clinical pharmacy services in their hospitals (p-value < 0.05). No other statistically significant differences were found from analyzing the data. In conclusion, results suggest that physicians in UAE appear comfortable with pharmacists providing the broad range of services but appear somewhat less comfortable with pharmacists’ provision of direct patient care.展开更多
The aim of this study is to discipline construction in our hospital.The Delphi method was used to construct the constituent elements and specific connotations of the core competence of HCPs,and the analytic hierarchy ...The aim of this study is to discipline construction in our hospital.The Delphi method was used to construct the constituent elements and specific connotations of the core competence of HCPs,and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to determine the index weight.A total of 19 experts were included,all with intermediate or higher professional titles.The positive coefficients of experts in the two rounds of consultation were all 100%.The judgment basis of experts is 0.895,the degree of familiarity is 0.842,and the coefficient of authority is 0.868.The Kendall harmony coefficients of the first,second,and third-level indicators were 0.381,0.383,and 0.320,respectively.The expert coordination degree was tested by x^(2) test,the P values were all less than 0.05,indicating that the degree of expert coordination was well.After two rounds of letter inquiry,an evaluation index system of core competence of HCPs with professional accomplishment,theoretical knowledge,basic skills,professional skills,and professional development ability as the main framework was formed,including 5 first-level indicators,18 second-level indicators,and 62 third-level indicators.Based on the Delphi and AHP methods,the index system of HCPs'core competence established has high authority and scientificity,to provide the theoretical basis for the standardized training and comprehensive evaluation of HCPs.展开更多
Patient safety has become a focus of clinical care and research in recent years. However, the potential for medical care to cause harm has been appreciated throughout the history of medicine (1)The safety culture of a...Patient safety has become a focus of clinical care and research in recent years. However, the potential for medical care to cause harm has been appreciated throughout the history of medicine (1)The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of, an organization’s health and safety management.展开更多
Background: Involving pharmacists in clinical care could improve the identification of subjects at risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease. Data on web-based approach involving pharmacists for CV disease risk assessment ...Background: Involving pharmacists in clinical care could improve the identification of subjects at risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease. Data on web-based approach involving pharmacists for CV disease risk assessment are very limited. Methods: We first developed a web-based CV risk assessment tool to be used by pharmacists that includes demographic, lifestyle, biological and anthropometric information. Biological and anthropometric data were collected in independent laboratories. We then assessed the feasibility and validity of this approach by inviting adults who previously (within 6 months) participated in a Swiss standardized population-based study to fill out the web-based platform. Attrition rates and correlations were used to assess the feasibility and validity, respectively. Proportions were expressed as percentages and continuous variables were expressed as means ± standard deviations (SD). Main Outcomes Measure: Proportions of participants who 1) agreed to participate;2) filled out the questionnaire and had their biological and anthropometric measures taken;3) only filled out the questionnaire;and 4) only had their biological and anthropometric measures taken. Correlations were used to compare continuous variables (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total plasma cholesterol, HDL plasma cholesterol, LDL plasma cholesterol, triglycerides) collected via both studies. Results: Overall, 218 (53.2% women) adults of the population-based study were eligible and were contacted to participate, from April to November 2013. Of these, 140 (64.2%) agreed to participate. The majority (67/140, 47.8%) both filled out the questionnaire and had their biological/anthropometric measures taken, whereas only 2.8% and 7.1% only filled out the questionnaire or only had their biological measures taken, respectively. Except for systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and triglycerides, the correlations between the measures obtained in the population-based study and the web-based approach were generally greater than 0.80, suggesting very good correlations. Conclusions: A web-based CV risk assessment via pharmacists is a feasible and valid approach. This web-based approach should be adapted to lower attrition, and its impact on CV risk factors should be further tested.展开更多
The need for home palliative care is increasing in allWestern countries.Community pharmacists are local professionals whose role in end-of-life care at home remains poorly understood.The aim of this study is to unders...The need for home palliative care is increasing in allWestern countries.Community pharmacists are local professionals whose role in end-of-life care at home remains poorly understood.The aim of this study is to understand how community pharmacists see their role in end-of-life home care in France,and to analyze their experiences of this care.An online questionnaire was distributed to community pharmacists working in France between December 2022 and March 2023.Of the 136 respondents to the questionnaire,87%had accompanied at least one patient at the end of life in the 3 months preceding the survey.Therapeutic education(88%of respondents),psychological support for caregivers(85%of respondents),securing treatment(82%of respondents)and monitoring therapeutic compliance(80%of respondents)are the behaviors validated by the greatest number of participants.The majority of professionals surveyed had a positive overall experience of managing patients at the end of life.These results pave the way for pharmacists to better support end-of-life patients at home.展开更多
Objectives: To determine the influence of pharmacists on customers who have to decide between Over the Counter products in independently owned Maltese pharmacies. Methods: 20 managing pharmacists in independently owne...Objectives: To determine the influence of pharmacists on customers who have to decide between Over the Counter products in independently owned Maltese pharmacies. Methods: 20 managing pharmacists in independently owned Maltese pharmacies were interviewed. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and the data were coded. The main categories and subcategories were extracted and interrelated by using the grounded theory of action approach. Key findings Pharmacists dedicate time to ensure the right OTC is received by their patients. Before recommending an OTC medication the pharmacists ask key questions, which help them determine if an OTC is appropriate for the patient. The Maltese pharmacists engage their patients in a discussion before recommending an OTC product. In order to ensure that the patients are following their advice, pharmacists use different techniques. Whenever the patient might want to purchase an OTC, which could interfere with their medication regimen or might not be appropriate from the age point of view, then pharmacist intervenes accordingly. Each pharmacist offered specific examples how they convince their patients to purchase the correct medication. The pharmacists provided specific examples how they decide to select a specific OTC medicine and what type of questions were asked before taking a decision. In order to ensure their patients have the best access to the health care, many pharmacists embraced other roles and services, such as measuring and monitoring the blood pressure and glucose levels, determining the correct weight management product. Conclusions: The analyzed data highlight that Maltese community pharmacists play an important role in counseling patients on their choice of OTC products. The analysis has also identified some useful counseling techniques, which has been used by pharmacists for prescription medications. However, the Maltese pharmacists use these counseling techniques on a larger scale. It seems likely that many pharmacists are embracing more additional roles to ensure their population receives the best clinical services. Before dispensing an OTC medication, pharmacists use their clinical knowledge.展开更多
BACKGROUND Carbapenem antibiotics are a pivotal solution for severe infections,particularly in hospital settings.The emergence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria owing to the irrational and extensive use of carbapenems ...BACKGROUND Carbapenem antibiotics are a pivotal solution for severe infections,particularly in hospital settings.The emergence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria owing to the irrational and extensive use of carbapenems underscores the need for meticulous management and rational use.Clinical pharmacists,with their specialized training and extensive knowledge,play a substantial role in ensuring the judicious use of carbapenem.This study aimed to elucidate the patterns of carbapenem use and shed light on the integral role played by clinical pharmacists in managing and promoting the rational use of carbapenem antibiotics at Wenzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital.AIM To analyze carbapenem use patterns in our hospital and role of clinical pharmacists in managing and promoting their rational use.METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of carbapenem use at our hospital between January 2019 and December 2021.Several key indicators,including the drug utilization index,defined daily doses(DDDs),proportion of antimicrobial drug costs to total hospitalization expenses,antibiotic utilization density,and utilization rates in different clinical departments were comprehensively analyzed.RESULTS Between 2019 and 2021,there was a consistent decline in the consumption and sales of imipenem-cilastatin sodium,meropenem(0.3 g),and meropenem(0.5 g).Conversely,the DDDs of imipenem-cilastatin sodium for injection increased in 2020 and 2021 vs 2019,with a B/A value of 0.67,indicating a relatively higher drug cost.The DDDs of meropenem for injection(0.3 g)exhibited an overall upward trend,indicating an increasing clinical preference.However,the B/A values for 2020 and 2021 were both>1,suggesting a relatively lower drug cost.The DDDs of meropenem for injection(0.5 g)demonstrated a progressive increase annually and consistently ranked first,indicating a high clinical preference with a B/A value of 1,signifying good alignment between economic and social benefits.CONCLUSION Carbapenem use in our hospital was generally reasonable with a downward trend in consumption and sales over time.Clinical pharmacists play a pivotal role in promoting appropriate use of carbapenems.展开更多
Background: Antibiotic resistance is a threat to global health. Community pharmacists are among the most accessible health professionals. Therefore, their role in improving antibiotic use and subsequently in fighting ...Background: Antibiotic resistance is a threat to global health. Community pharmacists are among the most accessible health professionals. Therefore, their role in improving antibiotic use and subsequently in fighting resistance is crucial. The objective of this study was to evaluate community pharmacists’ knowledge, practices and perceptions on antibiotic use and resistance. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in community pharmacies located in the departments of Guediawaye and Pikine, Senegal. The study took place between November 2017 and February 2018. A total of 121 community pharmacies were located. In each of them, we planned to include one pharmacist. A self-administered questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed using Epi Info 7. The analysis was descriptive. Variables were expressed as number (n) and percentage (%). Results: The response rate was 75.2%. The majority mistakenly thought that antibiotics are always effective against sore throat (64.8%), bronchitis (51.6%), paronychia (72.5%) and dental caries (65.9%). Most respondents knew that self-medication (96.7%), poor treatment compliance (94.5%), inappropriate antibiotic dispensing (79.1%), inappropriate antibiotic prescribing (85.7%) were causes of resistance. Further, causes such as poor hand hygiene and lack of immunization were cited by 9.9% and 6.6% of participants. Moreover, 25.2% knew that third-generation cephalosporins, macrolides and quinolones are critically important antibiotics. In addition, 96.7% and 90.2% said to dispense antibiotics without a prescription and to contact prescribers in case of doubt about the reliability of an antibiotic prescription, respectively. The majority was of the opinion that some antibiotic prescriptions were inadequate (29.7%) and that the consumption of antibiotics was high (92.3%). Conclusion: This study showed a lack of knowledge among community pharmacists practicing in Guediawaye and Pikine towards antibiotic use and resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to sensitize them. Further studies should be conducted to better understand the beliefs and behavior of community pharmacists regarding antibiotic use and resistance.展开更多
Objectives: Lack of basic practice research literacy could be considered a barrier to conducting or participating in practice research. Therefore, we examined pharmacy practice research literacy in Japanese community ...Objectives: Lack of basic practice research literacy could be considered a barrier to conducting or participating in practice research. Therefore, we examined pharmacy practice research literacy in Japanese community pharmacists. Methods: Community pharmacists (n = 478) who delivered presentations at three major pharmacy-related conferences in 2012 and 2013 completed the survey. We selected 10 key terms related to practice research and asked participants whether they knew the meaning of. Questionnaires were sent to and returned by pharmacists via mail. Results: Of the 478 pharmacists who received questionnaires, 230 (47.9%) completed the survey. The response rates indicating that participants were familiar with the 10 key terms were approximately 50% or lower. The highest response rate was 67.0% for “bias”, and the lowest was 17.0% for “PICO/PECO: Patient-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome/Patient-Exposure-Comparison-Outcome”. Younger pharmacists tended to know several key terms, such as “p values”, “bias”, and “outcome”. Conclusion: Japanese community pharmacists were not knowledgeable with respect to conducting and participating in pharmacy practice research. Practice research knowledge was superior in younger pharmacists. Education in pharmacy schools and continuing professional development programs is important for community pharmacists’ practice research development.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background: Community pharmacists play a significant role in dispensing and counseling about medications and pharmaceuticals including beauty and cosmetic products. A...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background: Community pharmacists play a significant role in dispensing and counseling about medications and pharmaceuticals including beauty and cosmetic products. Aims and Objectives: The current study was conducted to assess the viewpoint of community pharmacists in the Western region of Saudi Arabia about their professional role in dispensing beauty products. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September and December 2019 using an online questionnaire. Expert professors from college of pharmacy, Taif University validated the questionnaire. Results: Five hundred seventy-seven community pharmacists completed the questionnaire. Most of the participants were male (99%) and aged 23 - 34 years old (71.1%). Slightly less than half (45.58%) of community pharmacists have 6 - 10 years of experience. Most pharmacists (96.9%) communicate directly with customers/ patients and most of them (85.3%) ask and counsel patients about their product. Pharmacists strongly agreed that pharmacists must keep in developing their communication skills with customers/patients. Conclusion: Most of the community pharmacists surveyed in this study reported a good perceived knowledge and attitudes and demonstrated an acceptable level of practices regarding beauty products. Saudi FDA is encouraged to adopt Good Pharmacy Practice standards and guidelines to improve current practice of community pharmacists concerning Beauty Products.</span>展开更多
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of self-medication behavior among practicing pharmacists in UAE. Methods: This anonymous questionnaire-based study was conducted between October and...Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of self-medication behavior among practicing pharmacists in UAE. Methods: This anonymous questionnaire-based study was conducted between October and December 2014, using a prepiloted questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to a total of 168 pharmacists. Data were analyzed using SPSS and results were expressed as number of respondents and percentage of total participants. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 149 pharmacists, and response rate was 89% with 53% of respondents being Arabs. Out of the 149 pharmacists respondents, 71 (47.7%) are males, and 78 (52.3%) are females. The mean age among pharmacists was 28. Large number of pharmacists practiced self-medication (96.6%). The majority obtained their medication from pharmacies (92.6%). Most respondents were aware of bacterial resistance and the concept of rational drug use. However, 69 (43%) of pharmacists had used antibiotics without consultation in the past year. The main reasons for self-medication were that their health problem is not serious (42%) and their knowledge on drugs and diseases helps (31%). Reasons against self-medication included risk of misdiagnosis of illness and risk of adverse effects. Pharmacists tended to seek medical consultation mostly in case of symptoms lasting for more than one week or when symptoms were worsening. Discussion: The frequency of self-medication among pharmacists is high. The professional exposure to drugs and knowledge of illness and treatment choice remains the fundamental contributors to self-medication practice among pharmacists. Interventions to promote rational self-medication among practicing pharmacists are required and pharmacists must be encouraged to enter the patient role.展开更多
Background: The COVID-19 outbreak negatively impacted pharmacists who provided basic medical services by inducing anxiety and depression, thus, leading to medical errors. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the...Background: The COVID-19 outbreak negatively impacted pharmacists who provided basic medical services by inducing anxiety and depression, thus, leading to medical errors. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the job burnout and satisfaction levels among hospital pharmacists during the period when China downgraded COVID-19 from a Category A disease to a Category B disease. Method: We selected pharmacists from several medical institutions in Yunnan Province as the subjects by using the general information questionnaire survey, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), and the Work Environment Scale-10 (WES-10). Results: After analyzing 461 questionnaires, the results showed that the age and marital status of the pharmacists displayed significant effects on their emotional exhaustion and sense of achievement, with younger pharmacists getting higher and lower scores for their tests on emotional exhaustion and sense of achievement, respectively (p Conclusion: Hence, it was concluded that the job burnout of pharmacists was at a low level during the period when China downgraded COVID-19 as a Category B disease from Category A.展开更多
Anticancer drug preparation by pharmacists is a critical task directly related to medical incidents. This study examined the factors influencing medical errors in chemotherapy, that is, errors by specialist pharmacist...Anticancer drug preparation by pharmacists is a critical task directly related to medical incidents. This study examined the factors influencing medical errors in chemotherapy, that is, errors by specialist pharmacists (CPh) and pharmacists in other departments (NCPh), by measuring their gaze during the preparation of anticancer drugs. The eye-tracking results showed that the gazing time of NCPh was significantly longer than that of CPh for items such as “preparation of a closed-system device” and “preparation of the syringe” and all preparation times (P < 0.05). The NCPh were not assigned to prepare drugs on a regular basis, indicating their lack of familiarity with the process. There was no significant difference in gaze ratio between CPh and NCPh. This outcome was suggested to be a result of the use of an anticancer drug preparation support system. The results for the pupil diameter variation rate showed that NCPh were significantly more mydriatic in the “mixing injections” category than CPh. However, CPh tended to be more mydriatic in the “checking” category. CPh exhibited a smooth workflow and focused on the important items to be checked. This study showed that the differences in procedure flow and concentration points may lead to errors. Furthermore, the results are of interest from the perspective of medical incident prevention. They will be useful in identifying potential human factors, such as where the pharmacist focuses their attention by measuring eye movements.展开更多
文摘Background:Precision medicine(PM)has taken center stage in healthcare since the completion of the genomic project.Developed countries have gradually integrated PM into mainstream patient management.However,Nigeria still grapples with wide acceptance,key translational research and implementation of PM.This study sought to explore the knowledge and attitude of PM among pharmacists as key stakeholders in the healthcare team.Methods:A cross‐sectional study was conducted in selected tertiary hospitals across the country.A 21‐item semi‐structured questionnaire was administered by hybrid online and physical methods and the results analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 25.Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.A chi‐square test was employed to determine the association of knowledge of PM and the sociodemographic characteristics of the study population.Results:A total of 167 hospital pharmacists participated in the study.A high proportion of the participants are familiar with artificial intelligence(91.75%),Pharmacogenomics(84.5%),and precision medicine(61%).Overall,38.9%of the pharmacists had a good knowledge while 13.2%had a poor knowledge of PM and associated terms.The level of knowledge did not correlate significantly with gender(X^(2)=3.21,p=0.201),age(X^(2)=5,p=0.27),marital status(X^(2)=3.21,p=0.201),and professional level(X^(2)=6.85,p=0.144).The most important value of precision medicine to hospital pharmacists is the ability to minimize the impact of disease through preventive medicine(49%)while a large portion are pursuing and or actively planning to pursue additional education in precision medicine.Conclusions:There is a highly positive attitude toward the prospect of PM among hospital pharmacists in Nigeria.Education modules in this field are highly recommended as most do not have a holistic knowledge of terms used in PM.Also,more research aimed at translating PM knowledge into clinical practice is recommended.
基金supported by Social Policy Grant through Nazarbayev University,Kazakhstan.
文摘Objectives:Emotional exhaustion among healthcare professionals,particularly pharmacists,significantly impacts their well-being and efficacy in patient care.Understanding the psychological mechanisms contributing to emotional exhaustion is essential for developing effective interventions.The present research sought to investigate the potential mediating roles of rumination and coping strategies(adaptive and maladaptive)in the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion among pharmacists.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was carried out between September 2023 and January 2024 involving 576 pharmacists working in public hospitals in Punjab who met the inclusion criteria and actively participated in the study.We employed the Perceived Stress Scale,the Ruminative Response Scale,the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory(COPE),and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory(OLBI)to assess the hypothesized study model.Path analysis was employed to test the hypothesized mediation model,incorporating simple and chain mediation processes.Results:The findings provided empirical evidence supporting a positive association between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion.Rumination significantlymediated this relationship.Further,both adaptive andmaladaptive coping strategieswere found tomediate this relationship,withmaladaptive coping demonstrating amore substantial impact.Conclusion:The chainmediation model demonstrated that rumination and coping strategies(both maladaptive and adaptive)significantly mediate the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion among pharmacists.Specifically,rumination was found to be a key mediator,with maladaptive coping strategies having a more substantial impact.These findings provide a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms contributing to emotional exhaustion in the pharmacy profession.
文摘Objective:The evolving landscape of healthcare delivery emphasizes the importance of collaborative relationships between healthcare professionals.Community pharmacists and nurses,though traditionally occupying distinct roles,are increasingly working together to provide comprehensive,patient-centered care.Methods:This review explores the collaborative relationship between community pharmacists and nurses,focusing on their unique contributions to chronic disease management,patient education,and medication adherence.The article analyzes existing literature and highlights key interdisciplinary strategies that enhance patient outcomes.Results:By integrating their expertise,pharmacists and nurses can improve health outcomes by addressing both the physical and psychosocial needs of patients.Their collaboration enhances the effectiveness of chronic disease management,promotes early interventions,minimizes medication errors,and fosters improved patient adherence to treatment plans.Conclusions:The findings underscore the need for structured,proactive collaboration models that go beyond independent roles to foster a truly synergistic healthcare environment.Strengthening these interdisciplinary partnerships is crucial for achieving more efficient,holistic,and timely healthcare delivery.
文摘Objective:To explore the target management model for clinical pharmacists in primary hospitals facing current shortages of clinical pharmacists,in order to improve the work efficiency and service quality of clinical pharmacy,and promote the high-quality development of clinical pharmacy in primary hospitals.Methods:Developing a target management model,adopting a wide coverage work model of“1+1+N”(that is,1 clinical pharmacist,1 resident clinical department,and N contracted clinical departments).According to the SMART principle,various work assessment indicators were quantified.This involved setting clear work goals,diversifying work methods,personalizing work methods,standardizing workflows,and using numerical assessment indicators.Regular supervision,inspection,feedback,and improvement mechanisms were implemented.Results:The implementation of the target management model has made the work effectiveness of clinical pharmacists visualized.There were more than 200 annual consultations and multidisciplinary team(MDT)cases,with an opinion adoption rate of 90.2%and a patient improvement rate of 80.6%.More than 1500 rational drug use interventions were conducted,with a suggestion adoption rate of 83.5%.In terms of pharmaceutical indicators control.The intensity of antibacterial drug use in 2024(without CMI adjustment)was 30.07 DDDs,significantly lower than the 2023 value of 33.54 DDDs,and also significantly lower than the provincial average(32.87 DDDs)and the average for hospitals of the same level(32.49 DDDs).The daily usage of intravenous infusion per bed for hospitalized patients was 2.09,a decrease from 2.15 in 2023,significantly lower than the provincial average of 2.71 and the average of 2.56 in hospitals of the same level.The amount of the second batch of national key monitoring drugs accounts for the value was 6.48%,significantly lower than the provincial average of 8.27%and the same level hospital average of 8.82%.In terms of chronic disease pharmaceutical management,taking the pharmaceutical management of patients with chronic heart failure as an example,the usage rates of renin-aldosterone-angiotensin-system inhibitors(RAAS inhibitors)and beta-blockers for heart failure in the management group were 87.88%and 80.81%,respectively,significantly higher-1 than those in the control group(62.22%and 65.56%).Heart rate in the management group(69.54±10.68 times·min-1)was significantly lower than in the control group(80.04±17.68 times·min)(P<0.001).The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(1.69±0.57 mmol·L-1)was significantly lower than the control group(1.95±0.77 mmol·L-1)(P<0.001),and the 1-year readmission rate was 47.47%,significantly lower than the control group 56.67%.The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire(MLHFQ)Score was(44.20±10.78),significantly lower than the control group(55.89±11.48)(P<0.001),indicating a significant improvement in the patient’s quality of life.Conclusions:The targeted management model for clinical pharmacists can effectively enhance communication and collaboration between clinical pharmacists and clinicians,improve the work efficiency and service quality of clinical pharmacists in primary hospitals,promote the work of clinical pharmacy towards standardization and scientificization,boost the high-quality development of pharmacy in primary hospitals,and also provide new ideas and methods for the management of clinical pharmacists in other primary hospitals.
基金Shanghai Outstanding Young University Teachers Research and Special Funds(Grant No.ZZjdyx13089)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Grants(Grant No.12DZ1930404)
文摘In the present study, clinical pharmacists monitored the blood concentration of vancomycin in children in the Infant Ward from 2013 to 2014, and the drug dose was adjusted according to its plasma concentration. Moreover, we analyzed the plasma concentration of vancomycin in infants in the hospital from 2013 to 2014. Simultaneously, we also discussed the necessity of regular therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin in infants, and the important role of clinical pharmacists was further explored. The results showed that it was necessary to routinely monitor the therapeutic drug in infants. Clinical pharmacists performed medication monitoring, which improved the effectiveness of vancomycin and prevented its adverse effects. In addition, it is a new treatment model for the participation of clinical pharmacists in the clinical treatment.
基金Projects supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Number 81771445).
文摘A series of pharmacy services of clinical pharmacists at the Wuhan Mental Health Center during the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),such as participation in the formulation of COVID-19 prevention and treatment plans suitable for psychiatric departments,popular science of pharmacy,medical order review,real-time intervention,and medication education are summarized here.Due to the sudden public health incident,the service model of psychiatric clinical pharmacists should be addressed,as clinical pharmacists are an important part of the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric diseases.Among the majors currently available in the clinical pharmacy training base curriculum,no psychiatry major has been set up in China yet;therefore,in this paper,we provide guidance in psychiatry pharmacy for those who wish to integrate clinical teams.
文摘Zero addition of drugs is an important aspect of medication reformation in the whole country, which is the end of the era of medicine. The role of pharmacists is changing from being medication dispensers to outcome-oriented and patient-focused care providers. However, it is still unclear how to play the role of pharmacists and carry out the related work in the new situation. Here, literature for relevant evidence was searched and summarized. Analysis results showed that there was a significant gap between pharmacy practice in China and developed countries. Evidence has supported pharmacists in their emerging role as care providers, that is available to improve the efficacy and quality of pharmaceutical care and ensure the safety of medicines for patients, but still more efforts are needed to promote new attitude toward more professional career, such as paying attention to the examination of outpatient prescription and medical orders, deeply clinical practice and individualized treatment, self-enhancement and public awareness of pharmacists. Collectively, the safety of patients can be ensured only by improving profession of pharmacists and showing the value of pharmacists. In doing so, pharmacy can develop rapidly, and pharmaceutical care with rational drug use can be realized.
文摘The present study aims to investigate the perceptions and experience of physicians regarding the clinical role of the pharmacists. This is an observational study that was conducted during the period of September 2013 through March 2014. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to be distributed by personal interview to the physicians. The questionnaire population consisted of randomly selected physicians practicing in UAE. The questionnaire was piloted by 10 physicians for face and understandability. Demographic data, frequencies and cross tabulation between different variables were calculated. The Chi-square test was used to determine the significance of association between categorical variables (gender, length of medical practice, and specialty) and the perception of physicians. A total of 285 filled questionnaires were returned representing 285 physicians, with a male dominance (65.3%). The average age of the physician screened was 32.4 (SD = 10.38) years with a minimum one year experience and up to 24 years. General practitioners consumed the widest sector (21.8%) followed by cardiologists (15.8%), then internal medicine (10.1%). In the current study, two thirds of the physicians believed that pharmacists could act as a reliable source of general drug information and play an important role in discovering clinical related problems. It was found that the physicians who had fewer years in practice (less than 10 years) and recently graduated had more acceptances to the clinical role of the pharmacist and believed that there should be a clinical pharmacy services in their hospitals (p-value < 0.05). No other statistically significant differences were found from analyzing the data. In conclusion, results suggest that physicians in UAE appear comfortable with pharmacists providing the broad range of services but appear somewhat less comfortable with pharmacists’ provision of direct patient care.
文摘The aim of this study is to discipline construction in our hospital.The Delphi method was used to construct the constituent elements and specific connotations of the core competence of HCPs,and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to determine the index weight.A total of 19 experts were included,all with intermediate or higher professional titles.The positive coefficients of experts in the two rounds of consultation were all 100%.The judgment basis of experts is 0.895,the degree of familiarity is 0.842,and the coefficient of authority is 0.868.The Kendall harmony coefficients of the first,second,and third-level indicators were 0.381,0.383,and 0.320,respectively.The expert coordination degree was tested by x^(2) test,the P values were all less than 0.05,indicating that the degree of expert coordination was well.After two rounds of letter inquiry,an evaluation index system of core competence of HCPs with professional accomplishment,theoretical knowledge,basic skills,professional skills,and professional development ability as the main framework was formed,including 5 first-level indicators,18 second-level indicators,and 62 third-level indicators.Based on the Delphi and AHP methods,the index system of HCPs'core competence established has high authority and scientificity,to provide the theoretical basis for the standardized training and comprehensive evaluation of HCPs.
文摘Patient safety has become a focus of clinical care and research in recent years. However, the potential for medical care to cause harm has been appreciated throughout the history of medicine (1)The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of, an organization’s health and safety management.
文摘Background: Involving pharmacists in clinical care could improve the identification of subjects at risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease. Data on web-based approach involving pharmacists for CV disease risk assessment are very limited. Methods: We first developed a web-based CV risk assessment tool to be used by pharmacists that includes demographic, lifestyle, biological and anthropometric information. Biological and anthropometric data were collected in independent laboratories. We then assessed the feasibility and validity of this approach by inviting adults who previously (within 6 months) participated in a Swiss standardized population-based study to fill out the web-based platform. Attrition rates and correlations were used to assess the feasibility and validity, respectively. Proportions were expressed as percentages and continuous variables were expressed as means ± standard deviations (SD). Main Outcomes Measure: Proportions of participants who 1) agreed to participate;2) filled out the questionnaire and had their biological and anthropometric measures taken;3) only filled out the questionnaire;and 4) only had their biological and anthropometric measures taken. Correlations were used to compare continuous variables (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total plasma cholesterol, HDL plasma cholesterol, LDL plasma cholesterol, triglycerides) collected via both studies. Results: Overall, 218 (53.2% women) adults of the population-based study were eligible and were contacted to participate, from April to November 2013. Of these, 140 (64.2%) agreed to participate. The majority (67/140, 47.8%) both filled out the questionnaire and had their biological/anthropometric measures taken, whereas only 2.8% and 7.1% only filled out the questionnaire or only had their biological measures taken, respectively. Except for systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and triglycerides, the correlations between the measures obtained in the population-based study and the web-based approach were generally greater than 0.80, suggesting very good correlations. Conclusions: A web-based CV risk assessment via pharmacists is a feasible and valid approach. This web-based approach should be adapted to lower attrition, and its impact on CV risk factors should be further tested.
基金Cetteétude aétéréalisée grâce au soutien financier de la Fondation de France (numéro d’engagement 00101618).
文摘The need for home palliative care is increasing in allWestern countries.Community pharmacists are local professionals whose role in end-of-life care at home remains poorly understood.The aim of this study is to understand how community pharmacists see their role in end-of-life home care in France,and to analyze their experiences of this care.An online questionnaire was distributed to community pharmacists working in France between December 2022 and March 2023.Of the 136 respondents to the questionnaire,87%had accompanied at least one patient at the end of life in the 3 months preceding the survey.Therapeutic education(88%of respondents),psychological support for caregivers(85%of respondents),securing treatment(82%of respondents)and monitoring therapeutic compliance(80%of respondents)are the behaviors validated by the greatest number of participants.The majority of professionals surveyed had a positive overall experience of managing patients at the end of life.These results pave the way for pharmacists to better support end-of-life patients at home.
文摘Objectives: To determine the influence of pharmacists on customers who have to decide between Over the Counter products in independently owned Maltese pharmacies. Methods: 20 managing pharmacists in independently owned Maltese pharmacies were interviewed. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and the data were coded. The main categories and subcategories were extracted and interrelated by using the grounded theory of action approach. Key findings Pharmacists dedicate time to ensure the right OTC is received by their patients. Before recommending an OTC medication the pharmacists ask key questions, which help them determine if an OTC is appropriate for the patient. The Maltese pharmacists engage their patients in a discussion before recommending an OTC product. In order to ensure that the patients are following their advice, pharmacists use different techniques. Whenever the patient might want to purchase an OTC, which could interfere with their medication regimen or might not be appropriate from the age point of view, then pharmacist intervenes accordingly. Each pharmacist offered specific examples how they convince their patients to purchase the correct medication. The pharmacists provided specific examples how they decide to select a specific OTC medicine and what type of questions were asked before taking a decision. In order to ensure their patients have the best access to the health care, many pharmacists embraced other roles and services, such as measuring and monitoring the blood pressure and glucose levels, determining the correct weight management product. Conclusions: The analyzed data highlight that Maltese community pharmacists play an important role in counseling patients on their choice of OTC products. The analysis has also identified some useful counseling techniques, which has been used by pharmacists for prescription medications. However, the Maltese pharmacists use these counseling techniques on a larger scale. It seems likely that many pharmacists are embracing more additional roles to ensure their population receives the best clinical services. Before dispensing an OTC medication, pharmacists use their clinical knowledge.
文摘BACKGROUND Carbapenem antibiotics are a pivotal solution for severe infections,particularly in hospital settings.The emergence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria owing to the irrational and extensive use of carbapenems underscores the need for meticulous management and rational use.Clinical pharmacists,with their specialized training and extensive knowledge,play a substantial role in ensuring the judicious use of carbapenem.This study aimed to elucidate the patterns of carbapenem use and shed light on the integral role played by clinical pharmacists in managing and promoting the rational use of carbapenem antibiotics at Wenzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital.AIM To analyze carbapenem use patterns in our hospital and role of clinical pharmacists in managing and promoting their rational use.METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of carbapenem use at our hospital between January 2019 and December 2021.Several key indicators,including the drug utilization index,defined daily doses(DDDs),proportion of antimicrobial drug costs to total hospitalization expenses,antibiotic utilization density,and utilization rates in different clinical departments were comprehensively analyzed.RESULTS Between 2019 and 2021,there was a consistent decline in the consumption and sales of imipenem-cilastatin sodium,meropenem(0.3 g),and meropenem(0.5 g).Conversely,the DDDs of imipenem-cilastatin sodium for injection increased in 2020 and 2021 vs 2019,with a B/A value of 0.67,indicating a relatively higher drug cost.The DDDs of meropenem for injection(0.3 g)exhibited an overall upward trend,indicating an increasing clinical preference.However,the B/A values for 2020 and 2021 were both>1,suggesting a relatively lower drug cost.The DDDs of meropenem for injection(0.5 g)demonstrated a progressive increase annually and consistently ranked first,indicating a high clinical preference with a B/A value of 1,signifying good alignment between economic and social benefits.CONCLUSION Carbapenem use in our hospital was generally reasonable with a downward trend in consumption and sales over time.Clinical pharmacists play a pivotal role in promoting appropriate use of carbapenems.
文摘Background: Antibiotic resistance is a threat to global health. Community pharmacists are among the most accessible health professionals. Therefore, their role in improving antibiotic use and subsequently in fighting resistance is crucial. The objective of this study was to evaluate community pharmacists’ knowledge, practices and perceptions on antibiotic use and resistance. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in community pharmacies located in the departments of Guediawaye and Pikine, Senegal. The study took place between November 2017 and February 2018. A total of 121 community pharmacies were located. In each of them, we planned to include one pharmacist. A self-administered questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed using Epi Info 7. The analysis was descriptive. Variables were expressed as number (n) and percentage (%). Results: The response rate was 75.2%. The majority mistakenly thought that antibiotics are always effective against sore throat (64.8%), bronchitis (51.6%), paronychia (72.5%) and dental caries (65.9%). Most respondents knew that self-medication (96.7%), poor treatment compliance (94.5%), inappropriate antibiotic dispensing (79.1%), inappropriate antibiotic prescribing (85.7%) were causes of resistance. Further, causes such as poor hand hygiene and lack of immunization were cited by 9.9% and 6.6% of participants. Moreover, 25.2% knew that third-generation cephalosporins, macrolides and quinolones are critically important antibiotics. In addition, 96.7% and 90.2% said to dispense antibiotics without a prescription and to contact prescribers in case of doubt about the reliability of an antibiotic prescription, respectively. The majority was of the opinion that some antibiotic prescriptions were inadequate (29.7%) and that the consumption of antibiotics was high (92.3%). Conclusion: This study showed a lack of knowledge among community pharmacists practicing in Guediawaye and Pikine towards antibiotic use and resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to sensitize them. Further studies should be conducted to better understand the beliefs and behavior of community pharmacists regarding antibiotic use and resistance.
文摘Objectives: Lack of basic practice research literacy could be considered a barrier to conducting or participating in practice research. Therefore, we examined pharmacy practice research literacy in Japanese community pharmacists. Methods: Community pharmacists (n = 478) who delivered presentations at three major pharmacy-related conferences in 2012 and 2013 completed the survey. We selected 10 key terms related to practice research and asked participants whether they knew the meaning of. Questionnaires were sent to and returned by pharmacists via mail. Results: Of the 478 pharmacists who received questionnaires, 230 (47.9%) completed the survey. The response rates indicating that participants were familiar with the 10 key terms were approximately 50% or lower. The highest response rate was 67.0% for “bias”, and the lowest was 17.0% for “PICO/PECO: Patient-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome/Patient-Exposure-Comparison-Outcome”. Younger pharmacists tended to know several key terms, such as “p values”, “bias”, and “outcome”. Conclusion: Japanese community pharmacists were not knowledgeable with respect to conducting and participating in pharmacy practice research. Practice research knowledge was superior in younger pharmacists. Education in pharmacy schools and continuing professional development programs is important for community pharmacists’ practice research development.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background: Community pharmacists play a significant role in dispensing and counseling about medications and pharmaceuticals including beauty and cosmetic products. Aims and Objectives: The current study was conducted to assess the viewpoint of community pharmacists in the Western region of Saudi Arabia about their professional role in dispensing beauty products. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September and December 2019 using an online questionnaire. Expert professors from college of pharmacy, Taif University validated the questionnaire. Results: Five hundred seventy-seven community pharmacists completed the questionnaire. Most of the participants were male (99%) and aged 23 - 34 years old (71.1%). Slightly less than half (45.58%) of community pharmacists have 6 - 10 years of experience. Most pharmacists (96.9%) communicate directly with customers/ patients and most of them (85.3%) ask and counsel patients about their product. Pharmacists strongly agreed that pharmacists must keep in developing their communication skills with customers/patients. Conclusion: Most of the community pharmacists surveyed in this study reported a good perceived knowledge and attitudes and demonstrated an acceptable level of practices regarding beauty products. Saudi FDA is encouraged to adopt Good Pharmacy Practice standards and guidelines to improve current practice of community pharmacists concerning Beauty Products.</span>
文摘Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of self-medication behavior among practicing pharmacists in UAE. Methods: This anonymous questionnaire-based study was conducted between October and December 2014, using a prepiloted questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to a total of 168 pharmacists. Data were analyzed using SPSS and results were expressed as number of respondents and percentage of total participants. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 149 pharmacists, and response rate was 89% with 53% of respondents being Arabs. Out of the 149 pharmacists respondents, 71 (47.7%) are males, and 78 (52.3%) are females. The mean age among pharmacists was 28. Large number of pharmacists practiced self-medication (96.6%). The majority obtained their medication from pharmacies (92.6%). Most respondents were aware of bacterial resistance and the concept of rational drug use. However, 69 (43%) of pharmacists had used antibiotics without consultation in the past year. The main reasons for self-medication were that their health problem is not serious (42%) and their knowledge on drugs and diseases helps (31%). Reasons against self-medication included risk of misdiagnosis of illness and risk of adverse effects. Pharmacists tended to seek medical consultation mostly in case of symptoms lasting for more than one week or when symptoms were worsening. Discussion: The frequency of self-medication among pharmacists is high. The professional exposure to drugs and knowledge of illness and treatment choice remains the fundamental contributors to self-medication practice among pharmacists. Interventions to promote rational self-medication among practicing pharmacists are required and pharmacists must be encouraged to enter the patient role.
文摘Background: The COVID-19 outbreak negatively impacted pharmacists who provided basic medical services by inducing anxiety and depression, thus, leading to medical errors. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the job burnout and satisfaction levels among hospital pharmacists during the period when China downgraded COVID-19 from a Category A disease to a Category B disease. Method: We selected pharmacists from several medical institutions in Yunnan Province as the subjects by using the general information questionnaire survey, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), and the Work Environment Scale-10 (WES-10). Results: After analyzing 461 questionnaires, the results showed that the age and marital status of the pharmacists displayed significant effects on their emotional exhaustion and sense of achievement, with younger pharmacists getting higher and lower scores for their tests on emotional exhaustion and sense of achievement, respectively (p Conclusion: Hence, it was concluded that the job burnout of pharmacists was at a low level during the period when China downgraded COVID-19 as a Category B disease from Category A.
文摘Anticancer drug preparation by pharmacists is a critical task directly related to medical incidents. This study examined the factors influencing medical errors in chemotherapy, that is, errors by specialist pharmacists (CPh) and pharmacists in other departments (NCPh), by measuring their gaze during the preparation of anticancer drugs. The eye-tracking results showed that the gazing time of NCPh was significantly longer than that of CPh for items such as “preparation of a closed-system device” and “preparation of the syringe” and all preparation times (P < 0.05). The NCPh were not assigned to prepare drugs on a regular basis, indicating their lack of familiarity with the process. There was no significant difference in gaze ratio between CPh and NCPh. This outcome was suggested to be a result of the use of an anticancer drug preparation support system. The results for the pupil diameter variation rate showed that NCPh were significantly more mydriatic in the “mixing injections” category than CPh. However, CPh tended to be more mydriatic in the “checking” category. CPh exhibited a smooth workflow and focused on the important items to be checked. This study showed that the differences in procedure flow and concentration points may lead to errors. Furthermore, the results are of interest from the perspective of medical incident prevention. They will be useful in identifying potential human factors, such as where the pharmacist focuses their attention by measuring eye movements.
