Elucidating the origins and mechanisms of polyploidization requires tracing the evolutionary history of polyploid species,particularly those with complex origins.Agropyron cristatum,traditionally regarded as an autopo...Elucidating the origins and mechanisms of polyploidization requires tracing the evolutionary history of polyploid species,particularly those with complex origins.Agropyron cristatum,traditionally regarded as an autopolyploid,exhibits characteristics indicative of a segmental allopolyploid.Here,we used phylogenetic analysis based on a low-copy nuclear gene(i.e.,Pgk1),SLAF-seq,and plastome data from 20 diploid and 120 tetraploid Agropyron individuals to determine whether tetraploid A.cristatum arose from an allopolyploid or autopolyploid event.Phylogenetic analyses based on Pgk1 and SLAF-seq data identified two distinct A.cristatum lineages that corresponded to the two main Agropyron habitats in Central Asia–Europe and East Asia–Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.These findings,taken together with molecular dating and gene flow analyses,suggest that the East Asian tetraploid A.cristatum originated via both autopolyploidy from A.cristatum and hybridization between diploid A.cristatum and A.mongolicum,with each diploid cytotype acting as a maternal donor.Furthermore,the Central Asia–Europe tetraploid A.cristatum originated solely via autopolyploidy of diploid A.cristatum.Our findings also indicate that rapid diversification of Agropyron was likely driven by climate oscillations,geographic isolation,introgressive hybridization,and chloroplast capture.These findings challenge simplistic views of autopolyploids and underscore substantial potential for achieving high levels of genetic and adaptive diversity through recurrent hybridization and reticulate evolution.展开更多
基金funded by the following projects:the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31870360 and 32171603)Xining Science and Technology Major Project(2023-Z-13)+2 种基金Qinghai Provincial Science and Technology Major Project(2023-SF-A5)Youth Innovation Promotion Association(Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant/Award Number:Y2023116)the Qinghai Provincial central guide local science and technology development funds project(2025ZY002).
文摘Elucidating the origins and mechanisms of polyploidization requires tracing the evolutionary history of polyploid species,particularly those with complex origins.Agropyron cristatum,traditionally regarded as an autopolyploid,exhibits characteristics indicative of a segmental allopolyploid.Here,we used phylogenetic analysis based on a low-copy nuclear gene(i.e.,Pgk1),SLAF-seq,and plastome data from 20 diploid and 120 tetraploid Agropyron individuals to determine whether tetraploid A.cristatum arose from an allopolyploid or autopolyploid event.Phylogenetic analyses based on Pgk1 and SLAF-seq data identified two distinct A.cristatum lineages that corresponded to the two main Agropyron habitats in Central Asia–Europe and East Asia–Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.These findings,taken together with molecular dating and gene flow analyses,suggest that the East Asian tetraploid A.cristatum originated via both autopolyploidy from A.cristatum and hybridization between diploid A.cristatum and A.mongolicum,with each diploid cytotype acting as a maternal donor.Furthermore,the Central Asia–Europe tetraploid A.cristatum originated solely via autopolyploidy of diploid A.cristatum.Our findings also indicate that rapid diversification of Agropyron was likely driven by climate oscillations,geographic isolation,introgressive hybridization,and chloroplast capture.These findings challenge simplistic views of autopolyploids and underscore substantial potential for achieving high levels of genetic and adaptive diversity through recurrent hybridization and reticulate evolution.
