目的利用RP-HPLC法测定超声处理后五倍子中没食子酸,单宁酸,五没食子酰基葡萄糖的含量变化。方法干燥的五倍子粉碎,过80目筛,精密称取五倍子粉末各0.2 g分别置于三个烧杯中,分别加入p H为4的醋酸盐酸缓冲液40 m L,超声,取1 m L,过滤,进...目的利用RP-HPLC法测定超声处理后五倍子中没食子酸,单宁酸,五没食子酰基葡萄糖的含量变化。方法干燥的五倍子粉碎,过80目筛,精密称取五倍子粉末各0.2 g分别置于三个烧杯中,分别加入p H为4的醋酸盐酸缓冲液40 m L,超声,取1 m L,过滤,进样。结果五倍子中单宁酸及β-PGG在超声5分钟时含量达到最大值,随着超声时间的增加,单宁酸及β-PGG含量在5、20及40 min时呈下降趋势;五倍子中没食子酸在超声40 min时含量达到最大值,随着超声时间的增加,没食子酸的含量在5、20及40 min时呈上升趋势。结论建议从五倍子中提取单宁酸及β-PGG时不使用超声提取法,而五倍子中提取没食子酸时建议超声处理,且超声时间大于40 min,有利于没食子酸充分提取。本实验测定五倍子粉在不同超声时间没食子酸,单宁酸,β-PGG的含量变化,为优化五倍子中提取分离没食子酸,单宁酸,β-PGG等相关工艺提供一定实验基础。展开更多
目的:研究五没食子酰葡萄糖(1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloy-β-D-glucose,PGG)对晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)诱导小鼠肾小球系膜细胞损伤的保护作用及其可能机制。方法:通过AGEs处理小鼠系膜细胞建立系膜细...目的:研究五没食子酰葡萄糖(1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloy-β-D-glucose,PGG)对晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)诱导小鼠肾小球系膜细胞损伤的保护作用及其可能机制。方法:通过AGEs处理小鼠系膜细胞建立系膜细胞损伤模型,将实验分为正常对照组、模型组及不同浓度PGG(5、10、20μM)组;采取DCFH法检测细胞内ROS含量;试剂盒法检测细胞培养上清中SOD活性和MDA含量;Western blot检测全细胞Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达及胞核、胞质中Nrf2蛋白表达。结果:与模型组相比,PGG显著降低细胞中ROS水平,增加SOD活性,减少MDA含量,增加细胞Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达,增加胞核Nrf2蛋白表达。结论:PGG对AGEs诱导系膜细胞的保护作用是通过激活Nrf2/HO-1抗氧化信号通路。展开更多
As a crucial process in the coordinated strikes of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs), weapon-target assignment is vital for optimizing the allocation of available weapons and effectively exploiting the capabilities of UA...As a crucial process in the coordinated strikes of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs), weapon-target assignment is vital for optimizing the allocation of available weapons and effectively exploiting the capabilities of UAVs. Existing weapon-target assignment methods primarily focus on macro cluster constraints while neglecting individual strategy updates. This paper proposes a novel weapon-target assignment method for UAVs based on the multi-strategy threshold public goods game(PGG). By analyzing the concept mapping between weapon-target assignment for UAVs and multi-strategy threshold PGG, a weapon-target assignment model for UAVs based on the multi-strategy threshold PGG is established, which is adaptively complemented by the diverse cooperation-defection strategy library and the utility function based on the threshold mechanism. Additionally, a multi-chain Markov is formulated to quantitatively describe the stochastic evolutionary dynamics, whose evolutionary stable distribution is theoretically derived through the development of a strategy update rule based on preference-based aspiration dynamic. Numerical simulation results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, and the impacts of selection intensity, preference degree and threshold on the evolutionary stable distribution are analyzed. Comparative simulations show that the proposed method outperforms GWO, DE, and NSGA-II, achieving 17.18% higher expected utility than NSGA-II and reducing evolutionary stable times by 25% in large-scale scenario.展开更多
文摘目的:研究五没食子酰葡萄糖(1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloy-β-D-glucose,PGG)对晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)诱导小鼠肾小球系膜细胞损伤的保护作用及其可能机制。方法:通过AGEs处理小鼠系膜细胞建立系膜细胞损伤模型,将实验分为正常对照组、模型组及不同浓度PGG(5、10、20μM)组;采取DCFH法检测细胞内ROS含量;试剂盒法检测细胞培养上清中SOD活性和MDA含量;Western blot检测全细胞Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达及胞核、胞质中Nrf2蛋白表达。结果:与模型组相比,PGG显著降低细胞中ROS水平,增加SOD活性,减少MDA含量,增加细胞Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达,增加胞核Nrf2蛋白表达。结论:PGG对AGEs诱导系膜细胞的保护作用是通过激活Nrf2/HO-1抗氧化信号通路。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62073267)。
文摘As a crucial process in the coordinated strikes of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs), weapon-target assignment is vital for optimizing the allocation of available weapons and effectively exploiting the capabilities of UAVs. Existing weapon-target assignment methods primarily focus on macro cluster constraints while neglecting individual strategy updates. This paper proposes a novel weapon-target assignment method for UAVs based on the multi-strategy threshold public goods game(PGG). By analyzing the concept mapping between weapon-target assignment for UAVs and multi-strategy threshold PGG, a weapon-target assignment model for UAVs based on the multi-strategy threshold PGG is established, which is adaptively complemented by the diverse cooperation-defection strategy library and the utility function based on the threshold mechanism. Additionally, a multi-chain Markov is formulated to quantitatively describe the stochastic evolutionary dynamics, whose evolutionary stable distribution is theoretically derived through the development of a strategy update rule based on preference-based aspiration dynamic. Numerical simulation results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, and the impacts of selection intensity, preference degree and threshold on the evolutionary stable distribution are analyzed. Comparative simulations show that the proposed method outperforms GWO, DE, and NSGA-II, achieving 17.18% higher expected utility than NSGA-II and reducing evolutionary stable times by 25% in large-scale scenario.
