A series of copolyesters poly(ethylene terephthalate p-oxybenzoate) (PETO) de-rived from terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and 4, 4’ -oxybis (benzoic acid) were easily pre-pared by using DMT method and thermally inv...A series of copolyesters poly(ethylene terephthalate p-oxybenzoate) (PETO) de-rived from terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and 4, 4’ -oxybis (benzoic acid) were easily pre-pared by using DMT method and thermally investigated. Introduction of 4, 4’ -oxydipheny-lene group into the main chain resulted in a lowering of Tm. a decrease of crystallization rate and an increase of thermal-oxidative stability of the copolyesters. By static elongation of PETO, transparent films with qualified electrical properties and mechanical properties were easily obtained with film forming rate 100%. In comparison with poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film, PETO film had obviously low Tm. and low crystallization temper-ature. Due to the presence of stable aromatic ether structure, decrease in Tm. could not lead to any reduction in thermal-oxidative stability, on the contrary, slight increase was ob-served. PETO film could be used in making heat resistant thick film for channel insulators of electric motor.展开更多
Long-lived mammals are reported to have rare or considerably fewer instances of spontaneous tumors,suggesting they might have evolved specific or convergent mechanisms of cancer resistance to extend lifespan;however,t...Long-lived mammals are reported to have rare or considerably fewer instances of spontaneous tumors,suggesting they might have evolved specific or convergent mechanisms of cancer resistance to extend lifespan;however,the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently explored.Here,we conducted comparative analysis across 60 mammalian genomes to investigate the genomic features associated with natural cancer resistance.We identified 296 strongly selected genes unique to long-lived species and associated with immune response,DNA repair,and cancer,which might contribute to cancer resistance and lifespan extension in long-lived species.Further,229 convergent cancer-related genes were detected in the four extremely long-lived species and in-vitro assays confirmed a convergent mutation of LZTS1,shared by bowhead whales and naked mole rats,could suppress cancer development.Importantly,16 genes were significantly related to both body weight and cancer,defined as candidate genes of Peto's paradox.Of them,the YAP1 gene,harboring the A214S mutation,was identified as a key gene that upregulated tumor suppression genes by localizing to the cytoplasm,which might prohibit cancer development in the large and long-lived cetaceans.These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying natural cancer resistance in long-lived mammals and the biological basis of Peto's paradox.展开更多
Purpose:This study investigates the role of the engineering education environment created by the implementation of the“Plan for Educating and Training Outstanding Engineers”(PETOE)on the professional capability deve...Purpose:This study investigates the role of the engineering education environment created by the implementation of the“Plan for Educating and Training Outstanding Engineers”(PETOE)on the professional capability development of engineering students from the perspective of students'experience.Design/Approach/Methods:This study uses data from the National Engineering Student Survey and multiple regression analysis to explore the role of institutional resources and support,teaching reforms,and interpersonal interaction on the professional development of engineering students.Findings:The opportunities for on-campus practical activities provided by the institution,content of the teachers'teaching,teaching methods,comprehensive coursework assessment,and interpersonal interactions contributed to the development of students'engineering competencies,with limited contributions from research-based teaching methods.Internship opportunities and international exchange environments were negatively associated with the development of engineering skills in an“unexpected”manner.OriginalityNalue:Focusing on students'experiences of engineering education reform,this study comprehensively evaluates the implementation of the reform measures adopted under PETOE.Furthermore,it assesses how corresponding changes in the general educational environment relate to students’professional capability development.Thus,this study addresses an important research gap in educational reformthe lack of domestic empirical studies in China.展开更多
文摘A series of copolyesters poly(ethylene terephthalate p-oxybenzoate) (PETO) de-rived from terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and 4, 4’ -oxybis (benzoic acid) were easily pre-pared by using DMT method and thermally investigated. Introduction of 4, 4’ -oxydipheny-lene group into the main chain resulted in a lowering of Tm. a decrease of crystallization rate and an increase of thermal-oxidative stability of the copolyesters. By static elongation of PETO, transparent films with qualified electrical properties and mechanical properties were easily obtained with film forming rate 100%. In comparison with poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film, PETO film had obviously low Tm. and low crystallization temper-ature. Due to the presence of stable aromatic ether structure, decrease in Tm. could not lead to any reduction in thermal-oxidative stability, on the contrary, slight increase was ob-served. PETO film could be used in making heat resistant thick film for channel insulators of electric motor.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(32270453,32070409)the National Key Programme of Research and Development,Ministry of Science and Technology(2022YFF1301602,2022YFF1301600)+1 种基金the Key Project of the NSFC(32030011)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSF,GZC20240729)。
文摘Long-lived mammals are reported to have rare or considerably fewer instances of spontaneous tumors,suggesting they might have evolved specific or convergent mechanisms of cancer resistance to extend lifespan;however,the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently explored.Here,we conducted comparative analysis across 60 mammalian genomes to investigate the genomic features associated with natural cancer resistance.We identified 296 strongly selected genes unique to long-lived species and associated with immune response,DNA repair,and cancer,which might contribute to cancer resistance and lifespan extension in long-lived species.Further,229 convergent cancer-related genes were detected in the four extremely long-lived species and in-vitro assays confirmed a convergent mutation of LZTS1,shared by bowhead whales and naked mole rats,could suppress cancer development.Importantly,16 genes were significantly related to both body weight and cancer,defined as candidate genes of Peto's paradox.Of them,the YAP1 gene,harboring the A214S mutation,was identified as a key gene that upregulated tumor suppression genes by localizing to the cytoplasm,which might prohibit cancer development in the large and long-lived cetaceans.These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying natural cancer resistance in long-lived mammals and the biological basis of Peto's paradox.
基金supported by the Consulting Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering:Research on cultivating multi-directional thinking of engineering students for the digital-intelligence era(grant number 2021-XY-47).
文摘Purpose:This study investigates the role of the engineering education environment created by the implementation of the“Plan for Educating and Training Outstanding Engineers”(PETOE)on the professional capability development of engineering students from the perspective of students'experience.Design/Approach/Methods:This study uses data from the National Engineering Student Survey and multiple regression analysis to explore the role of institutional resources and support,teaching reforms,and interpersonal interaction on the professional development of engineering students.Findings:The opportunities for on-campus practical activities provided by the institution,content of the teachers'teaching,teaching methods,comprehensive coursework assessment,and interpersonal interactions contributed to the development of students'engineering competencies,with limited contributions from research-based teaching methods.Internship opportunities and international exchange environments were negatively associated with the development of engineering skills in an“unexpected”manner.OriginalityNalue:Focusing on students'experiences of engineering education reform,this study comprehensively evaluates the implementation of the reform measures adopted under PETOE.Furthermore,it assesses how corresponding changes in the general educational environment relate to students’professional capability development.Thus,this study addresses an important research gap in educational reformthe lack of domestic empirical studies in China.
