Long-lived mammals are reported to have rare or considerably fewer instances of spontaneous tumors,suggesting they might have evolved specific or convergent mechanisms of cancer resistance to extend lifespan;however,t...Long-lived mammals are reported to have rare or considerably fewer instances of spontaneous tumors,suggesting they might have evolved specific or convergent mechanisms of cancer resistance to extend lifespan;however,the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently explored.Here,we conducted comparative analysis across 60 mammalian genomes to investigate the genomic features associated with natural cancer resistance.We identified 296 strongly selected genes unique to long-lived species and associated with immune response,DNA repair,and cancer,which might contribute to cancer resistance and lifespan extension in long-lived species.Further,229 convergent cancer-related genes were detected in the four extremely long-lived species and in-vitro assays confirmed a convergent mutation of LZTS1,shared by bowhead whales and naked mole rats,could suppress cancer development.Importantly,16 genes were significantly related to both body weight and cancer,defined as candidate genes of Peto's paradox.Of them,the YAP1 gene,harboring the A214S mutation,was identified as a key gene that upregulated tumor suppression genes by localizing to the cytoplasm,which might prohibit cancer development in the large and long-lived cetaceans.These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying natural cancer resistance in long-lived mammals and the biological basis of Peto's paradox.展开更多
A series of copolyesters poly(ethylene terephthalate p-oxybenzoate) (PETO) de-rived from terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and 4, 4’ -oxybis (benzoic acid) were easily pre-pared by using DMT method and thermally inv...A series of copolyesters poly(ethylene terephthalate p-oxybenzoate) (PETO) de-rived from terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and 4, 4’ -oxybis (benzoic acid) were easily pre-pared by using DMT method and thermally investigated. Introduction of 4, 4’ -oxydipheny-lene group into the main chain resulted in a lowering of Tm. a decrease of crystallization rate and an increase of thermal-oxidative stability of the copolyesters. By static elongation of PETO, transparent films with qualified electrical properties and mechanical properties were easily obtained with film forming rate 100%. In comparison with poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film, PETO film had obviously low Tm. and low crystallization temper-ature. Due to the presence of stable aromatic ether structure, decrease in Tm. could not lead to any reduction in thermal-oxidative stability, on the contrary, slight increase was ob-served. PETO film could be used in making heat resistant thick film for channel insulators of electric motor.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(32270453,32070409)the National Key Programme of Research and Development,Ministry of Science and Technology(2022YFF1301602,2022YFF1301600)+1 种基金the Key Project of the NSFC(32030011)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSF,GZC20240729)。
文摘Long-lived mammals are reported to have rare or considerably fewer instances of spontaneous tumors,suggesting they might have evolved specific or convergent mechanisms of cancer resistance to extend lifespan;however,the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently explored.Here,we conducted comparative analysis across 60 mammalian genomes to investigate the genomic features associated with natural cancer resistance.We identified 296 strongly selected genes unique to long-lived species and associated with immune response,DNA repair,and cancer,which might contribute to cancer resistance and lifespan extension in long-lived species.Further,229 convergent cancer-related genes were detected in the four extremely long-lived species and in-vitro assays confirmed a convergent mutation of LZTS1,shared by bowhead whales and naked mole rats,could suppress cancer development.Importantly,16 genes were significantly related to both body weight and cancer,defined as candidate genes of Peto's paradox.Of them,the YAP1 gene,harboring the A214S mutation,was identified as a key gene that upregulated tumor suppression genes by localizing to the cytoplasm,which might prohibit cancer development in the large and long-lived cetaceans.These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying natural cancer resistance in long-lived mammals and the biological basis of Peto's paradox.
文摘A series of copolyesters poly(ethylene terephthalate p-oxybenzoate) (PETO) de-rived from terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and 4, 4’ -oxybis (benzoic acid) were easily pre-pared by using DMT method and thermally investigated. Introduction of 4, 4’ -oxydipheny-lene group into the main chain resulted in a lowering of Tm. a decrease of crystallization rate and an increase of thermal-oxidative stability of the copolyesters. By static elongation of PETO, transparent films with qualified electrical properties and mechanical properties were easily obtained with film forming rate 100%. In comparison with poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film, PETO film had obviously low Tm. and low crystallization temper-ature. Due to the presence of stable aromatic ether structure, decrease in Tm. could not lead to any reduction in thermal-oxidative stability, on the contrary, slight increase was ob-served. PETO film could be used in making heat resistant thick film for channel insulators of electric motor.
