Plant height is an important trait that affects the crop yield and overall productivity.The Green Revolution,which began in the 1960s,brought about a remarkable surge in grain production,largely credited to the introd...Plant height is an important trait that affects the crop yield and overall productivity.The Green Revolution,which began in the 1960s,brought about a remarkable surge in grain production,largely credited to the introduction of new wheat(Triticum aestivum)and rice(Oryza sativa)varieties,specifically the dwarf variants.Short plants offer several advantages,including denser planting,resistance to lodging,and easier application of fertilizers or fungicides(Stokstad,2023).展开更多
Grain protein content(GPC)is an indicator of cereal nutritional quality.Identification of genes involved in the regulation of GPC provides targets for molecular breeding for crop protein quality.We characterized a mai...Grain protein content(GPC)is an indicator of cereal nutritional quality.Identification of genes involved in the regulation of GPC provides targets for molecular breeding for crop protein quality.We characterized a maize gene encoding the putative amino acid transporter ZmAAP6,a gene expressed mainly in immature seeds,especially in the basal endosperm transfer layer.Total protein and zein contents were decreased in ZmAAP6 null mutants and increased in ZmAAP6 overexpression(OE)lines,consistent with their changed in the size of protein bodies.Metabolic and transcriptomic analysis supported the regulatory role of ZmAAP6 in amino acid transportation.These results suggest that ZmAAP6 functions as a positive regulator of GPC in maize,shedding new light on the genetic basis of GPC regulation.展开更多
An oligopeptide permease A(OppA)was purified from the extracellular product of Vibrio harveyi SF-1.The molecular weight of the purified protein was estimated to be 58 kDa on SDS-PAGE.The purified protein showed phosph...An oligopeptide permease A(OppA)was purified from the extracellular product of Vibrio harveyi SF-1.The molecular weight of the purified protein was estimated to be 58 kDa on SDS-PAGE.The purified protein showed phospholipase C activity at the optimal values of temperature 50℃ and pH 8.0.The enzymatic activity decreased when the temperature increased to 40℃.The N-terminal sequence of the purified protein was determined as ADVPAGTKLA,which is similar to that of OppA.The OppA pre-cursor gene was cloned from the genome of V.harveyi SF-1.The gene consisted of 1665 base pairs and encoded a 554 amino acid polypeptide,which showed a high similarity to those of the OppAs of V.harveyi and other Vibrio species.The gene was subcloned into pET-28a(+)and expressed in Escherichia coli.The expressed recombinant protein was purified by Ni-NTA metal affinity chro-matography.The expressed recombinant protein showed a 58 kDa band on SDS-PAGE and exhibited phospholipase C activity with the optima of temperature 50℃ and pH 8.0.The purified protein was toxic to the flounder gill cells.An OppA mutant of V.harveyi SF-1 was constructed by homologous recombination.The mutant strain was less virulent when it was intraperitoneally inoculated to zebra fish,with the LD50 of 5.46×105 CFU fish-1,compared to 3.11×104 CFU fish-1 of the wild-type strain,which indicated that the OppA might play an important role in the pathogenicity of V.harveyi.展开更多
T box sequences have been identified upstream of a large number of uncharacterized genes such as transporters in bacterial genomes. Expression of each T box family gene is induced by limitation for a specific amino ac...T box sequences have been identified upstream of a large number of uncharacterized genes such as transporters in bacterial genomes. Expression of each T box family gene is induced by limitation for a specific amino acid. T box family genes contain an untranslated leader region containing a factor-independent transcriptional terminator upstream of the structural genes. The anticodon of uncharged tRNA base-pairs with the leader mRNA at a codon referred to as the specifier sequence, inducing formation of an alternative antiterminator structure, allowing expression of the structural genes. There are several additional conserved primary sequence and secondary structural elements. Analysis of these elements can be used to predict the identity of the specifier codon and the amino acid signal.?Bacillus subtilis hypothetical amino acid permease, yvbW, was analyzed as an example of this type of transcriptional regulatory prediction suggesting expression in response to leucine limitation. Expression was induced up to 130-fold in response to leucine limitation, utilizing a yvbW-lacZ transcriptional fusion. These data suggest that hypothetical amino acid permease YvbW may participate in leucine metabolism. A yvbW knockout strain was generated, although the substrate specificity for the putative amino acid permease was not identified.展开更多
In this study, PUP-type cytokinin transporter genes were identified in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. The Oryza sativa purine permease （OsPUP） family has 12 members that show similar predicted protein sequences with AtPU...In this study, PUP-type cytokinin transporter genes were identified in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. The Oryza sativa purine permease （OsPUP） family has 12 members that show similar predicted protein sequences with AtPUPs. To reveal the functions of OsPUP genes, we searched the T-DNA mutant library of rice and found one mutant for the member OsPUP7. The T-DNA insertion caused a new transcript that encodes a protein with 26 amino acids different from the native OsPUP7 at the C-terminus. The mutant showed multiple phenotypic changes including increased plant height, big seeds, and delayed flowering. The mutant also showed increased sensitivity to drought and salt stresses and treatments with kinetin and abscisic acid. OsPUP7is expressed mainly in the vascular bundle, pistil, and stamens. The measurement of cytokinins （CKs） showed that CK content in the mutant spikelets accumulated higher than that in the wild type. Moreover, uptake experiment in the yeast fcy2 mutant suggested that OsPUP7 has the ability to transport caffeine, a CK derivative. Our results indicate that the PUP transport system also exists in rice, and OsPUP7has an important role in the transport of CK, thus affecting developmental process and stress responses.展开更多
The N-terminal signal sequence of glucitol pcrmease of Escherichia Coli (Gut22) and its analogue (Gut22Ana) were synthesized. The analogue had a Pro residue substituting for the His at the 7th position of Gut22 and a ...The N-terminal signal sequence of glucitol pcrmease of Escherichia Coli (Gut22) and its analogue (Gut22Ana) were synthesized. The analogue had a Pro residue substituting for the His at the 7th position of Gut22 and a Val residue substituting for the Glu at the 10th position. The intrinsic fluorescence emission spectra indicated that the binding of Gut22 with lipid bilayer was much stronger than that of Gut22Ana. The leakage experiments with calcein-loaded liposomes showed that Gut22 strongly perturbed lipid bilayers while Gut22Ana did not. The apparent partition constant of Gut22 for partitioning into phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine bilayers was measured; the effect of membrane potential on the interaction of Gut22 with lipid bilayers was studied and the conformation changes of Gut22 and Gut22Ana upon interacting with liposomes were studied by the method of circular dichroism analysis.展开更多
Mucormycosis is a lethal human disease caused by fungi of the order Mucorales.Mucormycosis is caused by fungi mainly belonging to the genera Mucor,Rhizopus,and Lichtheimia,all of which belong to the order Mucorales.Th...Mucormycosis is a lethal human disease caused by fungi of the order Mucorales.Mucormycosis is caused by fungi mainly belonging to the genera Mucor,Rhizopus,and Lichtheimia,all of which belong to the order Mucorales.The number of individuals with mucormycosis-causing disorders has increased in recent years,hence,leading to the spread of mucormycosis.Throughout the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,numerous cases of mucormycosis in COVID-19-infected patients have been reported worldwide,and the illness is now recognized as COVID-19-associated mucormycosis,with most of the cases being reported from India.Immunocompromised patients such as those with bone marrow sickness and uncontrolled diabetes are at a greater risk of developing mucormycosis.Genes,pathways,and other mechanisms have been studied in Mucorales,demonstrating a direct link between virulence and prospective therapeutic and diagnostic targets.This review discusses several proteins such as high-affinity iron permease(FTR1),calcineurin,spore coat protein(CotH),and ADP-ribosylation factors involved in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis that might prove to be viable target(s)for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270290)the Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources(17DZ2252700).
文摘Plant height is an important trait that affects the crop yield and overall productivity.The Green Revolution,which began in the 1960s,brought about a remarkable surge in grain production,largely credited to the introduction of new wheat(Triticum aestivum)and rice(Oryza sativa)varieties,specifically the dwarf variants.Short plants offer several advantages,including denser planting,resistance to lodging,and easier application of fertilizers or fungicides(Stokstad,2023).
基金supported by the 2022 Research Program of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(SYND-2022-10 to Wei Huang and SYND-2022-03 to Weiwei Jin)。
文摘Grain protein content(GPC)is an indicator of cereal nutritional quality.Identification of genes involved in the regulation of GPC provides targets for molecular breeding for crop protein quality.We characterized a maize gene encoding the putative amino acid transporter ZmAAP6,a gene expressed mainly in immature seeds,especially in the basal endosperm transfer layer.Total protein and zein contents were decreased in ZmAAP6 null mutants and increased in ZmAAP6 overexpression(OE)lines,consistent with their changed in the size of protein bodies.Metabolic and transcriptomic analysis supported the regulatory role of ZmAAP6 in amino acid transportation.These results suggest that ZmAAP6 functions as a positive regulator of GPC in maize,shedding new light on the genetic basis of GPC regulation.
基金supported by grants of the National High-Tech R and D Program (2007AA09Z416)the Natural Science Foundation of China (30972275)
文摘An oligopeptide permease A(OppA)was purified from the extracellular product of Vibrio harveyi SF-1.The molecular weight of the purified protein was estimated to be 58 kDa on SDS-PAGE.The purified protein showed phospholipase C activity at the optimal values of temperature 50℃ and pH 8.0.The enzymatic activity decreased when the temperature increased to 40℃.The N-terminal sequence of the purified protein was determined as ADVPAGTKLA,which is similar to that of OppA.The OppA pre-cursor gene was cloned from the genome of V.harveyi SF-1.The gene consisted of 1665 base pairs and encoded a 554 amino acid polypeptide,which showed a high similarity to those of the OppAs of V.harveyi and other Vibrio species.The gene was subcloned into pET-28a(+)and expressed in Escherichia coli.The expressed recombinant protein was purified by Ni-NTA metal affinity chro-matography.The expressed recombinant protein showed a 58 kDa band on SDS-PAGE and exhibited phospholipase C activity with the optima of temperature 50℃ and pH 8.0.The purified protein was toxic to the flounder gill cells.An OppA mutant of V.harveyi SF-1 was constructed by homologous recombination.The mutant strain was less virulent when it was intraperitoneally inoculated to zebra fish,with the LD50 of 5.46×105 CFU fish-1,compared to 3.11×104 CFU fish-1 of the wild-type strain,which indicated that the OppA might play an important role in the pathogenicity of V.harveyi.
文摘T box sequences have been identified upstream of a large number of uncharacterized genes such as transporters in bacterial genomes. Expression of each T box family gene is induced by limitation for a specific amino acid. T box family genes contain an untranslated leader region containing a factor-independent transcriptional terminator upstream of the structural genes. The anticodon of uncharged tRNA base-pairs with the leader mRNA at a codon referred to as the specifier sequence, inducing formation of an alternative antiterminator structure, allowing expression of the structural genes. There are several additional conserved primary sequence and secondary structural elements. Analysis of these elements can be used to predict the identity of the specifier codon and the amino acid signal.?Bacillus subtilis hypothetical amino acid permease, yvbW, was analyzed as an example of this type of transcriptional regulatory prediction suggesting expression in response to leucine limitation. Expression was induced up to 130-fold in response to leucine limitation, utilizing a yvbW-lacZ transcriptional fusion. These data suggest that hypothetical amino acid permease YvbW may participate in leucine metabolism. A yvbW knockout strain was generated, although the substrate specificity for the putative amino acid permease was not identified.
基金supported by grants from the National High Technology Research and Development Program (2012AA10A303)
文摘In this study, PUP-type cytokinin transporter genes were identified in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. The Oryza sativa purine permease （OsPUP） family has 12 members that show similar predicted protein sequences with AtPUPs. To reveal the functions of OsPUP genes, we searched the T-DNA mutant library of rice and found one mutant for the member OsPUP7. The T-DNA insertion caused a new transcript that encodes a protein with 26 amino acids different from the native OsPUP7 at the C-terminus. The mutant showed multiple phenotypic changes including increased plant height, big seeds, and delayed flowering. The mutant also showed increased sensitivity to drought and salt stresses and treatments with kinetin and abscisic acid. OsPUP7is expressed mainly in the vascular bundle, pistil, and stamens. The measurement of cytokinins （CKs） showed that CK content in the mutant spikelets accumulated higher than that in the wild type. Moreover, uptake experiment in the yeast fcy2 mutant suggested that OsPUP7 has the ability to transport caffeine, a CK derivative. Our results indicate that the PUP transport system also exists in rice, and OsPUP7has an important role in the transport of CK, thus affecting developmental process and stress responses.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The N-terminal signal sequence of glucitol pcrmease of Escherichia Coli (Gut22) and its analogue (Gut22Ana) were synthesized. The analogue had a Pro residue substituting for the His at the 7th position of Gut22 and a Val residue substituting for the Glu at the 10th position. The intrinsic fluorescence emission spectra indicated that the binding of Gut22 with lipid bilayer was much stronger than that of Gut22Ana. The leakage experiments with calcein-loaded liposomes showed that Gut22 strongly perturbed lipid bilayers while Gut22Ana did not. The apparent partition constant of Gut22 for partitioning into phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine bilayers was measured; the effect of membrane potential on the interaction of Gut22 with lipid bilayers was studied and the conformation changes of Gut22 and Gut22Ana upon interacting with liposomes were studied by the method of circular dichroism analysis.
文摘Mucormycosis is a lethal human disease caused by fungi of the order Mucorales.Mucormycosis is caused by fungi mainly belonging to the genera Mucor,Rhizopus,and Lichtheimia,all of which belong to the order Mucorales.The number of individuals with mucormycosis-causing disorders has increased in recent years,hence,leading to the spread of mucormycosis.Throughout the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,numerous cases of mucormycosis in COVID-19-infected patients have been reported worldwide,and the illness is now recognized as COVID-19-associated mucormycosis,with most of the cases being reported from India.Immunocompromised patients such as those with bone marrow sickness and uncontrolled diabetes are at a greater risk of developing mucormycosis.Genes,pathways,and other mechanisms have been studied in Mucorales,demonstrating a direct link between virulence and prospective therapeutic and diagnostic targets.This review discusses several proteins such as high-affinity iron permease(FTR1),calcineurin,spore coat protein(CotH),and ADP-ribosylation factors involved in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis that might prove to be viable target(s)for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods.
