Zoothamnium is a speciose genus,most species of which have incomplete morphological data based on modern criteria.In the present study,the morphology of three species of Zoothamnium,i.e.,Z.apoarbuscula n.sp.,Z.apohent...Zoothamnium is a speciose genus,most species of which have incomplete morphological data based on modern criteria.In the present study,the morphology of three species of Zoothamnium,i.e.,Z.apoarbuscula n.sp.,Z.apohentscheli n.sp.,and Z.alternans,collected in Qingdao,China,was revealed using living observation and silver staining.In addition,the SSU rDNA of each species was sequeneed for phylogenetic analyses.Zoothamnium apoarbuscula n.sp.is characterized by its umbellate colony which is up to 900 pm high,dichotomously branched stalk,differentiation of zooids,and infundibular polykinety 3 comprising three equal-length ciliary rows.Zoothamnium apohentscheli n.sp is characterized by its large colony up to 1700 pm high,alternately branched stalk,and infundibular polykinety 3 comprising three equal-length ciliary rows.A population of Z.altenums is described in detail.Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequence data revealed that species with an alternately branched stalk cluster together in gene trees and probably represent an independent lineage within the genus Zoothamnium.展开更多
Peritrich ciliates are highly diverse and can be important bacterial grazers in aquatic ecosystems. Morphological identifi cations of peritrich species and assemblages in the environment are time-consuming and experti...Peritrich ciliates are highly diverse and can be important bacterial grazers in aquatic ecosystems. Morphological identifi cations of peritrich species and assemblages in the environment are time-consuming and expertise-demanding. In this study, two peritrich-specifi c PCR primers were newly designed to amplify a fragment including the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) region of ribosomal rDNA from environmental samples. The primers showed high specifi city in silico, and in tests with peritrich isolates and environmental DNA. Application of these primers in clone library construction and sequencing yielded exclusively sequences of peritrichs for water and sediment samples. We also found the ITS1, ITS2, ITS, D1 region of 28 S rDNA, and ITS+D1 region co-varied with, and generally more variable than, the V9 region of 18 S rDNA in peritrichs. The newly designed specifi c primers thus provide additional tools to study the molecular diversity, community composition, and phylogeography of these ecologically important protists in dif ferent systems.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(project number:31801984.31772440,31970486)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.201762017).
文摘Zoothamnium is a speciose genus,most species of which have incomplete morphological data based on modern criteria.In the present study,the morphology of three species of Zoothamnium,i.e.,Z.apoarbuscula n.sp.,Z.apohentscheli n.sp.,and Z.alternans,collected in Qingdao,China,was revealed using living observation and silver staining.In addition,the SSU rDNA of each species was sequeneed for phylogenetic analyses.Zoothamnium apoarbuscula n.sp.is characterized by its umbellate colony which is up to 900 pm high,dichotomously branched stalk,differentiation of zooids,and infundibular polykinety 3 comprising three equal-length ciliary rows.Zoothamnium apohentscheli n.sp is characterized by its large colony up to 1700 pm high,alternately branched stalk,and infundibular polykinety 3 comprising three equal-length ciliary rows.A population of Z.altenums is described in detail.Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequence data revealed that species with an alternately branched stalk cluster together in gene trees and probably represent an independent lineage within the genus Zoothamnium.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31572255,41522604,31301867)the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(No.XDA11020702)the Science and Technology Development Program of Yantai(No.2014ZH073)
文摘Peritrich ciliates are highly diverse and can be important bacterial grazers in aquatic ecosystems. Morphological identifi cations of peritrich species and assemblages in the environment are time-consuming and expertise-demanding. In this study, two peritrich-specifi c PCR primers were newly designed to amplify a fragment including the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) region of ribosomal rDNA from environmental samples. The primers showed high specifi city in silico, and in tests with peritrich isolates and environmental DNA. Application of these primers in clone library construction and sequencing yielded exclusively sequences of peritrichs for water and sediment samples. We also found the ITS1, ITS2, ITS, D1 region of 28 S rDNA, and ITS+D1 region co-varied with, and generally more variable than, the V9 region of 18 S rDNA in peritrichs. The newly designed specifi c primers thus provide additional tools to study the molecular diversity, community composition, and phylogeography of these ecologically important protists in dif ferent systems.
