Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is a common disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. In the last few decades, new technologies have evolved and have been applied to the functional study of the esophagus, allowing...Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is a common disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. In the last few decades, new technologies have evolved and have been applied to the functional study of the esophagus, allowing for the improvement of our knowledge of the pathophysiology of GERD. High-resolution manometry(HRM) permits greater understanding of the function of the esophagogastric junction and the risks associated with hiatal hernia. Moreover, HRM has been found to be more reproducible and sensitive than conventional water-perfused manometry to detect the presence of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Esophageal 24-h p H-metry with or without combined impedance is usually performed in patients with negative endoscopy and reflux symptoms who have a poor response to anti-reflux medical therapy to assess esophageal acid exposure and symptom-reflux correlations. In particular, esophageal 24-h impedance and p H monitoring can detect acid and non-acid reflux events. Endo FLIP is a recent technique poorly applied in clinical practice, although it provides a large amount of information about the esophagogastric junction. In the coming years, laryngopharyngeal symptoms could be evaluated with up and coming non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques, such as pepsin detection in saliva or pharyngeal p H-metry. Future studies are required of these techniques to evaluate their diagnostic accuracy and usefulness, although the available data are promising.展开更多
基于云水资源积分推导公式,选取50年的气象站资料研究三江源地区(the Three River Headwaters Region,TRHR)云量与降水时空演变规律及其统计关系,并对降水效率(Precipitation Efficiency,PE)时空特征深入分析,挖掘人工增雨试验潜力.结...基于云水资源积分推导公式,选取50年的气象站资料研究三江源地区(the Three River Headwaters Region,TRHR)云量与降水时空演变规律及其统计关系,并对降水效率(Precipitation Efficiency,PE)时空特征深入分析,挖掘人工增雨试验潜力.结果表明:①总、低云量分别以长江源区的治多、清水河为高值中心向西呈"经向型"分布,向东呈"纬向型"分布.低云量与降水量呈增加趋势且通过了α=0.005显著性检验,总云量呈减少趋势并通过了α=0.01显著性检验;②各源区总、低云量与降水的突变年份不同步.降水年际波动较云量变化大且低云与降水相关性较好.低云量随总云量增加而增加,当总云量增加1.7%时,低云量将增加1%,同期降水增加10mm,年降雨频率最高出现在400mm;③TRHR多年PE空间分布与降水、云量一致,整体表现出自东南向西北方向递减空间分布,PE高、低值区分布在34°N以南和34°N以北.④TRHR多年平均PE为40.3%且增幅变化不大,长江源区西部和黄河源区东北部增雨潜力(Precipitation Enhancement Potential,PEP)最大,最佳开发时间在3~4月和10~11月.展开更多
文摘Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is a common disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. In the last few decades, new technologies have evolved and have been applied to the functional study of the esophagus, allowing for the improvement of our knowledge of the pathophysiology of GERD. High-resolution manometry(HRM) permits greater understanding of the function of the esophagogastric junction and the risks associated with hiatal hernia. Moreover, HRM has been found to be more reproducible and sensitive than conventional water-perfused manometry to detect the presence of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Esophageal 24-h p H-metry with or without combined impedance is usually performed in patients with negative endoscopy and reflux symptoms who have a poor response to anti-reflux medical therapy to assess esophageal acid exposure and symptom-reflux correlations. In particular, esophageal 24-h impedance and p H monitoring can detect acid and non-acid reflux events. Endo FLIP is a recent technique poorly applied in clinical practice, although it provides a large amount of information about the esophagogastric junction. In the coming years, laryngopharyngeal symptoms could be evaluated with up and coming non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques, such as pepsin detection in saliva or pharyngeal p H-metry. Future studies are required of these techniques to evaluate their diagnostic accuracy and usefulness, although the available data are promising.
文摘基于云水资源积分推导公式,选取50年的气象站资料研究三江源地区(the Three River Headwaters Region,TRHR)云量与降水时空演变规律及其统计关系,并对降水效率(Precipitation Efficiency,PE)时空特征深入分析,挖掘人工增雨试验潜力.结果表明:①总、低云量分别以长江源区的治多、清水河为高值中心向西呈"经向型"分布,向东呈"纬向型"分布.低云量与降水量呈增加趋势且通过了α=0.005显著性检验,总云量呈减少趋势并通过了α=0.01显著性检验;②各源区总、低云量与降水的突变年份不同步.降水年际波动较云量变化大且低云与降水相关性较好.低云量随总云量增加而增加,当总云量增加1.7%时,低云量将增加1%,同期降水增加10mm,年降雨频率最高出现在400mm;③TRHR多年PE空间分布与降水、云量一致,整体表现出自东南向西北方向递减空间分布,PE高、低值区分布在34°N以南和34°N以北.④TRHR多年平均PE为40.3%且增幅变化不大,长江源区西部和黄河源区东北部增雨潜力(Precipitation Enhancement Potential,PEP)最大,最佳开发时间在3~4月和10~11月.
