Vaso-occlusive crisis is a common clinical manifestation in children with sickle cell anaemia, frequently warranting in-patient management with intravenous fluids, analgesics and occasionally anti-malaria and antibiot...Vaso-occlusive crisis is a common clinical manifestation in children with sickle cell anaemia, frequently warranting in-patient management with intravenous fluids, analgesics and occasionally anti-malaria and antibiotics. Pain is the principal symptom of vaso-occlusive crisis and it can affect any part of the body. Pentazocine is a well-known opioid analgesic, commonly used in the treatment of painful crisis in children affected by sickle cell anaemia. It was discovered in the 1950s and was initially thought to be addiction—proof, but this has been disproved over the years by reports of pentazocine dependence/addiction especially in patients living with chronic pain. There have been some case reports of pentazocine abuse/dependence among sickle cell disease patients in the literature, most of which are from Nigeria but none involved joint addiction by siblings. We therefore, report the case of two siblings, known sickle cell anaemia (HbSS) patients, referred to our emergency paediatric unit with history of recurrent painful crisis over a 10-month period leading to abuse of pentazocine. They were jointly managed successfully by the paediatric hematology and the pain and palliative units of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital and helped to overcome their abuse and addiction.展开更多
The purpose of this work is to review the literature on the analytical aspects of pentazocine-induced drug seizures and intoxication,focusing on the pharmacological,forensic,and toxicological perspectives.A literature...The purpose of this work is to review the literature on the analytical aspects of pentazocine-induced drug seizures and intoxication,focusing on the pharmacological,forensic,and toxicological perspectives.A literature search was conducted using PubMed,ScienceDirect,Web of Science,and Scopus databases,for articles published between January 1,2000,and December 31,2023,using the key terms“Pentazocine,”“Detection,”“Identification,”“Toxicology,”“Analysis,”“Matrix,”and“Forensic.”A total of 56 articles were gathered,with 20 duplicates removed.The authors examined the remaining relevant publications.This systematic review comprised 36 publications,with 4 articles being excluded and summarized.The following information was gathered from the articles by the authors:the number of cases and toxicological findings(samples,analytical procedures,and outcomes).This review concluded that with the help of liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction,better,faster,and more accurate methods,among which are potentiometry,gas chromatography(GC),liquid chromatography(LC),GC-mass spectrometric(MS),LC-MS,and MS,have been reported in different matrices.These methods can be used for pharmaceutical,forensic,clinical,and toxicological analyses.展开更多
文摘Vaso-occlusive crisis is a common clinical manifestation in children with sickle cell anaemia, frequently warranting in-patient management with intravenous fluids, analgesics and occasionally anti-malaria and antibiotics. Pain is the principal symptom of vaso-occlusive crisis and it can affect any part of the body. Pentazocine is a well-known opioid analgesic, commonly used in the treatment of painful crisis in children affected by sickle cell anaemia. It was discovered in the 1950s and was initially thought to be addiction—proof, but this has been disproved over the years by reports of pentazocine dependence/addiction especially in patients living with chronic pain. There have been some case reports of pentazocine abuse/dependence among sickle cell disease patients in the literature, most of which are from Nigeria but none involved joint addiction by siblings. We therefore, report the case of two siblings, known sickle cell anaemia (HbSS) patients, referred to our emergency paediatric unit with history of recurrent painful crisis over a 10-month period leading to abuse of pentazocine. They were jointly managed successfully by the paediatric hematology and the pain and palliative units of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital and helped to overcome their abuse and addiction.
文摘The purpose of this work is to review the literature on the analytical aspects of pentazocine-induced drug seizures and intoxication,focusing on the pharmacological,forensic,and toxicological perspectives.A literature search was conducted using PubMed,ScienceDirect,Web of Science,and Scopus databases,for articles published between January 1,2000,and December 31,2023,using the key terms“Pentazocine,”“Detection,”“Identification,”“Toxicology,”“Analysis,”“Matrix,”and“Forensic.”A total of 56 articles were gathered,with 20 duplicates removed.The authors examined the remaining relevant publications.This systematic review comprised 36 publications,with 4 articles being excluded and summarized.The following information was gathered from the articles by the authors:the number of cases and toxicological findings(samples,analytical procedures,and outcomes).This review concluded that with the help of liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction,better,faster,and more accurate methods,among which are potentiometry,gas chromatography(GC),liquid chromatography(LC),GC-mass spectrometric(MS),LC-MS,and MS,have been reported in different matrices.These methods can be used for pharmaceutical,forensic,clinical,and toxicological analyses.
