Penaeus vannamei, known as the whiteleg shrimp, holds significant economic importance in aquaculture. The intensive culture of P. vannamei poses substantial environmental risks, particularly in fragile ecosystems like...Penaeus vannamei, known as the whiteleg shrimp, holds significant economic importance in aquaculture. The intensive culture of P. vannamei poses substantial environmental risks, particularly in fragile ecosystems like estuarine mangroves. Although there is a consensus on the pollution and harmful effects of microplastics(MPs), study on the pollution and potential risks posed by P. vannamei in estuary mangroves remains scarce. Therefore, the extent of microplastic pollution was evaluated and the correlation between the properties of MPs and the potential risks they pose to P. vannamei was examined.The average MP abundance in P. vannamei from Jiulong River estuary was determined to be 0.46±0.03 n/g in five different polymers, i.e., polypropylene(PP), polyethylene(PE), polystyrene(PS), polyethylene terephthalate(PET), and polyvinyl chloride resin(PVC). The total percentage of PS, PE, and PET polymers was the greatest(73.85%), where PET and PP(26.16%) were highly correlated in size and shape. Small MPs(1-200 μm) come in irregular particles, fragments, films, and large-sized MPs(200-1 000 μm) were mainly foam-shaped. The hazard risk level of MPs in P. vannamei from Jiulong River estuary reached grade Ⅲ, and the overall hazard risk index(H) value was 593.66. Among all samples,PVC polymer accounted for the lowest proportion(5.52%), but the H value was as high as 582.42, which contributed 98.11% to the overall hazard risk index. Regardless of global or Chinese, the microplastic pollution of P. vannamei in the estuary is at a moderate level. The protocol for MPs characteristics and correlation in seafood should be the basis for the risk assessment framework. Further studies are needed to evaluate how the exposure to MPs poses a risk for human health.展开更多
Owing to the extreme rainfall and evaporation events under the changing climate,coastal zones are experiencing salinity fluctuations that stress aquatic organisms.However,the biological consequences of ongoing alterat...Owing to the extreme rainfall and evaporation events under the changing climate,coastal zones are experiencing salinity fluctuations that stress aquatic organisms.However,the biological consequences of ongoing alteration in salinity levels on euryhaline organisms remain inconclusive.Herein,we sought to uncover how variation in salinity level adversely alters the bacterioplankton community,the gut microbiota of euryhaline shrimp Penaeus monodon,and subsequent shrimp disease risk.To mimic the extreme weather that induces abrupt changes in coastal water salinity,three salinity levels(10,20,and 30)were selected to investigate the differences in shrimp gut microbiota using bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results shows that salinity level and days post experiment(dpe)respectively constrained 45.9%and 13.0%of the variance in the gut bacterial communities.Particularly,abnormal salinity levels accelerated temporal turnover rate,disrupted gut network stability,augmented average variation degree,and increased pathogenic potential in the gut microbiota of shrimp reared at 10 and 30 salinities compared with 20 salinity controls.These changes were accompanied with the shifts in the gut microbiota-mediated functions,especially the compromised immunity and elevated infectious diseases potentials,thereby increasing shrimp disease risk.In addition,abnormal salinity levels increased the role of homogeneous selection governing the gut microbiota.After excluding the dpe-effect,we screened 35 gut salinity-discriminatory taxa that quantitatively discriminated the salinity levels where shrimp were reared,with overall accuracy of 91.1%.Collectively,abnormal salinity levels profoundly disrupt the structure,stability,assembly,and functions of the gut microbiota,which in turn increased disease risk in shrimp.In addition,gut symbionts sensitively responded to the changes in external salinity level.These findings deepened our understanding on the biological consequence of abnormal salinity levels on shrimp health.展开更多
The relationship between microbial communities and their hosts is important to the health and productivity of marine ani-mals in aquaculture.This study investigated the microbiomes in the gut and gill of Penaeus vanna...The relationship between microbial communities and their hosts is important to the health and productivity of marine ani-mals in aquaculture.This study investigated the microbiomes in the gut and gill of Penaeus vannamei using 16S rRNA gene sequencing,comparing the microbial characteristics in the fast-growing trait and in the control group.Fast-growing individuals exhibited sig-nificantly different growth parameters and gut/gill microbiomes.Significantly higher weight gain and condition factors,as well as lower hepatosomatic indices(HSI),were observed in fast-growing individuals.Fast-growing individuals also displayed significantly higher operational taxonomic unit(OTU)counts(in gills)and greater phylogenetic diversity(PD)in both gut and gill microbiomes,while Lactobacillus was significantly more abundant and showed strong network centrality in the gut of this group.Furthermore,beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences in microbial community structure between the groups in both gut and gills.Functional predictions indicated increased activity in metabolic pathways(e.g.,carbon metabolism,protein export)in the fast-growing group,reflecting the adaptations to increased energy utilization.Conversely,other genera such as TM7a were found at significantly lower abundance in the fast-growing group and showed sig-nificant correlations with growth parameters,highlighting potential microbial indicators of different growth strategies or physiological trade-offs.These findings underscore the close relationship between microbial communities and the health and productivity of Penaeus vannamei.Future studies should focus on optimizing growth perfor-mance and balancing it with the immune robustness in P.vannamei.展开更多
Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and Ca^(2+)homeostasis play important roles in the environmental adaptation of aquatic animals.To elucidate the response and correlation of ER stress and Ca^(2+)homeostasis in the gills...Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and Ca^(2+)homeostasis play important roles in the environmental adaptation of aquatic animals.To elucidate the response and correlation of ER stress and Ca^(2+)homeostasis in the gills of Penaeus vannamei under ammonia stress,we investigated the expression levels of genes related to ER stress and Ca^(2+)homeostasis in the gills of P.vannamei exposed to 0-(control),3.8-,7.6-,and 11.3-mg/L total ammonia nitrogen for 96 h.Results show that the relative gene expression levels of the ER stress indicators Bip,eiF2α,ATF4,IRE1,and XBP1s were higher in the stress groups than in the control group at 12 and 48 h,reaching the maximum at 48 h(P<0.05).However,at 96 h,the levels of these indicators were lower in the 7.6-and 11.3-mg/L groups than in the control group.The relative expression levels of SERCA,RyR,MCU,and Letm were significantly higher in the stress groups than in the control group at 12,24,and 48 h(P<0.05),and the expression levels were positively correlated with the ammonia stress concentration.At 96 h,the expression levels of SERCA in the stress groups were lower than that in the control group,whereas the expression levels of RyR in the stress groups were significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The relative expression levels of MCU were not significantly different from those in the control group.The relative expression levels of IP3R in the 7.6-and 11.3-mg/L groups were significantly lower than that in the control group during the ammonia stress period(P<0.05).Pearson's correlation analysis showed significant correlations among NH_(3)-N levels,the expression of ER stress indicator genes,and the expression of genes related to the regulation of Ca^(2+)homeostasis.The above results indicate that ammonia stress could induce ER stress,and consequently changed the mitochondrial and ER Ca^(2+)homeostasis in the gills of P.vannamei,which contribute to its adaptive mechanisms under adverse environmental conditions.展开更多
Genetic diversity of 32 individuals of P. chinensis in the Chinese coastal waters of the Huanghai and Bobal Seas was detected by RAPD technique. Twenty decamer primers of OPI were used for DNA amplification for each i...Genetic diversity of 32 individuals of P. chinensis in the Chinese coastal waters of the Huanghai and Bobal Seas was detected by RAPD technique. Twenty decamer primers of OPI were used for DNA amplification for each individual. The results showed that: Seventeen primers obtained reproducible fingerprints, and the bands were clear. Thirty--nine of 106 loci detected were polymorphic, amounting to 36. 8 %. Mean genetic distance was 0. 094 1 0. 020 6; 68 markers (63. 2 % of the total) showed stable homogeneity in all of the 32 individuals.展开更多
The Chinese shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropaeneus) chinensis is an important species in marine fishery and aquaculture in China. A female Chinese shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropaeneus) chinensis was captured from west coast of the ...The Chinese shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropaeneus) chinensis is an important species in marine fishery and aquaculture in China. A female Chinese shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropaeneus) chinensis was captured from west coast of the Korean peninsula and mated with a "Yellow Sea No. 1" male to produce the first filial generation (F1) 100 F2 full-sib progeny from brother-sister crosses between F1 families was used for the mapping study. A genetic linkage map of the Chinese shrimp was constructed, based on 354 markers, including 300 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, 42 microsatellite (SSR) markers, and 12 randomly amplified polymorphism (RAPD) markers. Forty-seven linkage groups (LGs) were identified. The total map length was 4 580.5 cM, with an average spacing of 11.3 cM, covering 75.8% of the estimated genome size. The construction of this genetic linkage map was part of a genetic breeding program. This linkage map will contribute to the discovery of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in Chinese shrimp.展开更多
The genetic structure of three stocks (K, H and S) of Penaeus chinensis was detected by RAPD method which useed 41 random oligonucleotide primers with 10 bases. Stock K was from the spawning stock of the western coast...The genetic structure of three stocks (K, H and S) of Penaeus chinensis was detected by RAPD method which useed 41 random oligonucleotide primers with 10 bases. Stock K was from the spawning stock of the western coastal waters of the Korea Peninsula, H was from the Huanghai Sea-Bohai Sea stock and S was from the health cultured stock in Jimo, Shandong Province, China. Three genetic markers, F-02(540), OPN-13(800) and OPN-20(2200), which could differentiate the three different stocks, have been reported. The basic data for marker assisted selection (MAS) on genetic breeding of Penaeus chinensis are provided.展开更多
A kind of baculovirus was isolated from the cephalothorax homogenate of sick or morbid Penaeus chinensis by differential centrifugation and density gradient centrifugation. Electron microscopic examination of ultrathi...A kind of baculovirus was isolated from the cephalothorax homogenate of sick or morbid Penaeus chinensis by differential centrifugation and density gradient centrifugation. Electron microscopic examination of ultrathin section of the gills, stomach and mid-gut tissues also revealed the presence of rod-shaped baculoviral particles with the same size in the affected cell nuclei, where most of the virions arranging in cluster assembled and caused a series of cytopathic changes. The virion covered with bilaminal envelope was 320 ~ 400 nm × 100 ~ 130 nm in size, whereas the nucleocapsid ranged in size of 250~ 300 nm in length and 70 ~ 100 nm in breadth respectively. No nuclear polyhedron or granulin occlusion theies have been found in cells. According to the principle of viral classification, this newly found virus could probably belong to the non-occluded subgroup of insect baculoviridae, i. e., C subgroup baculovirus.展开更多
This pathogenic study shows that the viral diseases of Chinese prawns (Penaeus chinensis. O’sbeck)is due to three kinds of viruses: epithelium envelope baculovirus of Penaeus chinensis (EEBV-PC, de-tected by the auth...This pathogenic study shows that the viral diseases of Chinese prawns (Penaeus chinensis. O’sbeck)is due to three kinds of viruses: epithelium envelope baculovirus of Penaeus chinensis (EEBV-PC, de-tected by the authors in 1993), infections hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus, andhepatopancreatic parvo-like virus, and that the first two viruses seem to be the main pathogens of theepidemic in the northern regions in 1993.展开更多
The hepatopancreatic necrosis disease(HPND)is a common shrimp disease.Aquaculture of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon has suffered with the frequent outbreak of HPND.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of hos...The hepatopancreatic necrosis disease(HPND)is a common shrimp disease.Aquaculture of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon has suffered with the frequent outbreak of HPND.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of host response to HPND is of pivotal importance for improving its farming performance.In this study,the RNA-Seq platform was utilized to investigate transcriptomic changes of the hepatopancreas in pond-cultured P.monodon with HPND symptoms.A total of 62071 genes with an average length of 953 bp were obtained,and a lot of simple sequence repeat(SSR)loci related to these genes were identified.Totally,5204 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were detected between healthy shrimp and HPND shrimp,with 3399 genes upregulated and 1,805 genes down-regulated.These genes had a wide range of biological functions,and several well-known immunerelated genes including integrin alpha 5,integrin beta 1,C type lectin and catalase were among the DEGs.Cell signaling pathways including the extracellular matrix(ECM)receptor interaction,phagosome and lysosome pathways were significantly upregulated in HPND-infected shrimps,indicating their involvement in the immune responses of shrimp against HPND.The data obtained in this study offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms of shrimp host response to HPND disease,and provides a resource for molecular marker development and genetic breeding studies of P.monodon.展开更多
The effects of rare earths (RE) and its complex with extract from seaweed (Lamiaria japonica) on the growth and immunization of penaeid shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) were investigated. The results show that the survival r...The effects of rare earths (RE) and its complex with extract from seaweed (Lamiaria japonica) on the growth and immunization of penaeid shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) were investigated. The results show that the survival rate, body length and weight of the shrimp treated by RE and its complex with extract from seaweed are higher than those of the control, and that the activities of the phenoloxidase (PO), lysozyme (LSZ), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the shrimp treated by RE and the complex are also much higher than those from the control.展开更多
Genetic diversity of two wild Penaeus monodon populations sampled from the coastal waters of Qinglan(Hainan Province of China,HN)and Malaysia(KD),and the F1 generation of a Thailand broodstock population(CP)were exami...Genetic diversity of two wild Penaeus monodon populations sampled from the coastal waters of Qinglan(Hainan Province of China,HN)and Malaysia(KD),and the F1 generation of a Thailand broodstock population(CP)were examined by vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Of 21 loci encoded by ten enzymes,11 were polymorphic.The mean proportions of polymorphic loci of HN,KD and CP were 36.36%,45.45%and 50.00%,with the average heterozygosities of 0.135,0.181 and 0.191,and the effective numbers of alleles per loci were 1.300,1.330 and 1.329,respectively.The divergent indexes of HN,KD and CP were0.023,0.124,and 0.117,respectively.The genetic distance between the two wild populations was 0.005,and the gene differentiation coefficient was also very low(0.014).The results indicated that the F1 generation population had a higher genetic diversity than the two wild populations,and that the HN population had the lowest one.There was no significant differentiation between HN and KD populations and all populations existed with a slight heterozygote excess.展开更多
Although Vibrio parahaemolyticus has become the most common pathogen in fresh and frozen seafood,its virulence changes have often been ignored during the processing of seafood.To investigate these potential risks,we u...Although Vibrio parahaemolyticus has become the most common pathogen in fresh and frozen seafood,its virulence changes have often been ignored during the processing of seafood.To investigate these potential risks,we used frozen Penaeus chinensis as examples,and the most virulent factors of V.parahaemolyticus,including amounts,viable but nonculturable(VBNC)status,toxins TDH and TRH,and virulence genes tdh and trh,were determined.Bacterial quantities were signifi cantly reduced during drain and sprinkling phases,but caused by different factors.By SYTO9 and PI staining showed that washing was the main reason for the bacterial reduction at the drain phase,while the strain entering VBNC state was another reason at sprinkling phase.Their hemolysis toxicity,produced by TDH and TRH,became stronger after inoculation on shrimp,and could be detected throughout the process.Moreover,tdh and trh also exhibited trends similar to that of the hemolysis toxicity test.tdh was almost to a two-fold expression level during ice-glazing phase,while trh only express at a low level,less than half of the expression level before inoculation.These results demonstrated that the strains were not dead during freezing process,but became VBNC cells,which still produced and accumulated toxins,especially TDH,the most virulent factor.展开更多
Heat shocks effectively produced triploids in Penaeus chinensis . Fertilized eggs heat shocked (28-32℃) for 8 to 16 minutes, starting from 8 to 20 minutes after spawning, resulted in triploidy induction rates of 39%-...Heat shocks effectively produced triploids in Penaeus chinensis . Fertilized eggs heat shocked (28-32℃) for 8 to 16 minutes, starting from 8 to 20 minutes after spawning, resulted in triploidy induction rates of 39%-75%. Several triploid populations were cultured to 10 cm. In a triploid population, two kinds of ovaries were observed. Histological examination showed apparent differences between these two kinds of ovaries, whereas among male shrimp, there were no such differences.展开更多
White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) was purified from hemolymph of infected shrimp. After nucleic acid extraction from the purified virus particles, EcoR I digested fragments of the WSSV genome were cloned; three of thes...White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) was purified from hemolymph of infected shrimp. After nucleic acid extraction from the purified virus particles, EcoR I digested fragments of the WSSV genome were cloned; three of these fragments were used as non radioactive probes labeled with DIG 11 dUTP. The probes hybridized in situ, with sections located in the nuclei of all WSSV infected tissues. The virus was detected in the gill, stomach, epidermis, and connective tissue and so on, but not detected in healthy shrimp tissues and epithelial cells of hepatopancreatic tubules of diseased shrimp.展开更多
This paper reports the approprite ranges of Mg 2+, Ca 2+ and their ratio Mg 2+/Ca 2+ in mixed seawater for rearing of Penaeus japonicus larvae. The ranges for the above three indices are 1150-1450 mg/L, 360-440 mg/L a...This paper reports the approprite ranges of Mg 2+, Ca 2+ and their ratio Mg 2+/Ca 2+ in mixed seawater for rearing of Penaeus japonicus larvae. The ranges for the above three indices are 1150-1450 mg/L, 360-440 mg/L and 2.8-3.4, respectively. The proper salinity range of mixed seawater is 22.1-33.8 obtained by mixing estuarine water and concentrated seawater.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen (No. 3502Z20227322)the Natural Science Key Foundation of Fujian Province (No. 2020J02002)+1 种基金the Social Science Foundation of Fujian Province (No. FJ2024BF047)the Financial Research Projects of Fujian Province (No. 2024-48)。
文摘Penaeus vannamei, known as the whiteleg shrimp, holds significant economic importance in aquaculture. The intensive culture of P. vannamei poses substantial environmental risks, particularly in fragile ecosystems like estuarine mangroves. Although there is a consensus on the pollution and harmful effects of microplastics(MPs), study on the pollution and potential risks posed by P. vannamei in estuary mangroves remains scarce. Therefore, the extent of microplastic pollution was evaluated and the correlation between the properties of MPs and the potential risks they pose to P. vannamei was examined.The average MP abundance in P. vannamei from Jiulong River estuary was determined to be 0.46±0.03 n/g in five different polymers, i.e., polypropylene(PP), polyethylene(PE), polystyrene(PS), polyethylene terephthalate(PET), and polyvinyl chloride resin(PVC). The total percentage of PS, PE, and PET polymers was the greatest(73.85%), where PET and PP(26.16%) were highly correlated in size and shape. Small MPs(1-200 μm) come in irregular particles, fragments, films, and large-sized MPs(200-1 000 μm) were mainly foam-shaped. The hazard risk level of MPs in P. vannamei from Jiulong River estuary reached grade Ⅲ, and the overall hazard risk index(H) value was 593.66. Among all samples,PVC polymer accounted for the lowest proportion(5.52%), but the H value was as high as 582.42, which contributed 98.11% to the overall hazard risk index. Regardless of global or Chinese, the microplastic pollution of P. vannamei in the estuary is at a moderate level. The protocol for MPs characteristics and correlation in seafood should be the basis for the risk assessment framework. Further studies are needed to evaluate how the exposure to MPs poses a risk for human health.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32371596,32071549)the Zhejiang Provincial Key Natural Science Foundation of China(No.Z25C030002)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Yongjiang 2035 Key Research and Development Project of Ningbo(No.2024Z279)the One Health Interdisciplinary Research Project(No.HZ202404)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University。
文摘Owing to the extreme rainfall and evaporation events under the changing climate,coastal zones are experiencing salinity fluctuations that stress aquatic organisms.However,the biological consequences of ongoing alteration in salinity levels on euryhaline organisms remain inconclusive.Herein,we sought to uncover how variation in salinity level adversely alters the bacterioplankton community,the gut microbiota of euryhaline shrimp Penaeus monodon,and subsequent shrimp disease risk.To mimic the extreme weather that induces abrupt changes in coastal water salinity,three salinity levels(10,20,and 30)were selected to investigate the differences in shrimp gut microbiota using bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results shows that salinity level and days post experiment(dpe)respectively constrained 45.9%and 13.0%of the variance in the gut bacterial communities.Particularly,abnormal salinity levels accelerated temporal turnover rate,disrupted gut network stability,augmented average variation degree,and increased pathogenic potential in the gut microbiota of shrimp reared at 10 and 30 salinities compared with 20 salinity controls.These changes were accompanied with the shifts in the gut microbiota-mediated functions,especially the compromised immunity and elevated infectious diseases potentials,thereby increasing shrimp disease risk.In addition,abnormal salinity levels increased the role of homogeneous selection governing the gut microbiota.After excluding the dpe-effect,we screened 35 gut salinity-discriminatory taxa that quantitatively discriminated the salinity levels where shrimp were reared,with overall accuracy of 91.1%.Collectively,abnormal salinity levels profoundly disrupt the structure,stability,assembly,and functions of the gut microbiota,which in turn increased disease risk in shrimp.In addition,gut symbionts sensitively responded to the changes in external salinity level.These findings deepened our understanding on the biological consequence of abnormal salinity levels on shrimp health.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Project of Zhanjiang(Nos.2019A03011,2022A01040)the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(No.SML2023SP234).
文摘The relationship between microbial communities and their hosts is important to the health and productivity of marine ani-mals in aquaculture.This study investigated the microbiomes in the gut and gill of Penaeus vannamei using 16S rRNA gene sequencing,comparing the microbial characteristics in the fast-growing trait and in the control group.Fast-growing individuals exhibited sig-nificantly different growth parameters and gut/gill microbiomes.Significantly higher weight gain and condition factors,as well as lower hepatosomatic indices(HSI),were observed in fast-growing individuals.Fast-growing individuals also displayed significantly higher operational taxonomic unit(OTU)counts(in gills)and greater phylogenetic diversity(PD)in both gut and gill microbiomes,while Lactobacillus was significantly more abundant and showed strong network centrality in the gut of this group.Furthermore,beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences in microbial community structure between the groups in both gut and gills.Functional predictions indicated increased activity in metabolic pathways(e.g.,carbon metabolism,protein export)in the fast-growing group,reflecting the adaptations to increased energy utilization.Conversely,other genera such as TM7a were found at significantly lower abundance in the fast-growing group and showed sig-nificant correlations with growth parameters,highlighting potential microbial indicators of different growth strategies or physiological trade-offs.These findings underscore the close relationship between microbial communities and the health and productivity of Penaeus vannamei.Future studies should focus on optimizing growth perfor-mance and balancing it with the immune robustness in P.vannamei.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2022MC147)the Research Council of Norway(Nos.342628/L10,160016)。
文摘Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and Ca^(2+)homeostasis play important roles in the environmental adaptation of aquatic animals.To elucidate the response and correlation of ER stress and Ca^(2+)homeostasis in the gills of Penaeus vannamei under ammonia stress,we investigated the expression levels of genes related to ER stress and Ca^(2+)homeostasis in the gills of P.vannamei exposed to 0-(control),3.8-,7.6-,and 11.3-mg/L total ammonia nitrogen for 96 h.Results show that the relative gene expression levels of the ER stress indicators Bip,eiF2α,ATF4,IRE1,and XBP1s were higher in the stress groups than in the control group at 12 and 48 h,reaching the maximum at 48 h(P<0.05).However,at 96 h,the levels of these indicators were lower in the 7.6-and 11.3-mg/L groups than in the control group.The relative expression levels of SERCA,RyR,MCU,and Letm were significantly higher in the stress groups than in the control group at 12,24,and 48 h(P<0.05),and the expression levels were positively correlated with the ammonia stress concentration.At 96 h,the expression levels of SERCA in the stress groups were lower than that in the control group,whereas the expression levels of RyR in the stress groups were significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The relative expression levels of MCU were not significantly different from those in the control group.The relative expression levels of IP3R in the 7.6-and 11.3-mg/L groups were significantly lower than that in the control group during the ammonia stress period(P<0.05).Pearson's correlation analysis showed significant correlations among NH_(3)-N levels,the expression of ER stress indicator genes,and the expression of genes related to the regulation of Ca^(2+)homeostasis.The above results indicate that ammonia stress could induce ER stress,and consequently changed the mitochondrial and ER Ca^(2+)homeostasis in the gills of P.vannamei,which contribute to its adaptive mechanisms under adverse environmental conditions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China finder the Project! No. 39620260.
文摘Genetic diversity of 32 individuals of P. chinensis in the Chinese coastal waters of the Huanghai and Bobal Seas was detected by RAPD technique. Twenty decamer primers of OPI were used for DNA amplification for each individual. The results showed that: Seventeen primers obtained reproducible fingerprints, and the bands were clear. Thirty--nine of 106 loci detected were polymorphic, amounting to 36. 8 %. Mean genetic distance was 0. 094 1 0. 020 6; 68 markers (63. 2 % of the total) showed stable homogeneity in all of the 32 individuals.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2006BAD01A13)National Special Research Fund for Nonprofit Sector(Agriculture)(No.nyhyzx07-042)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(No.nycytx-46)
文摘The Chinese shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropaeneus) chinensis is an important species in marine fishery and aquaculture in China. A female Chinese shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropaeneus) chinensis was captured from west coast of the Korean peninsula and mated with a "Yellow Sea No. 1" male to produce the first filial generation (F1) 100 F2 full-sib progeny from brother-sister crosses between F1 families was used for the mapping study. A genetic linkage map of the Chinese shrimp was constructed, based on 354 markers, including 300 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, 42 microsatellite (SSR) markers, and 12 randomly amplified polymorphism (RAPD) markers. Forty-seven linkage groups (LGs) were identified. The total map length was 4 580.5 cM, with an average spacing of 11.3 cM, covering 75.8% of the estimated genome size. The construction of this genetic linkage map was part of a genetic breeding program. This linkage map will contribute to the discovery of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in Chinese shrimp.
文摘The genetic structure of three stocks (K, H and S) of Penaeus chinensis was detected by RAPD method which useed 41 random oligonucleotide primers with 10 bases. Stock K was from the spawning stock of the western coastal waters of the Korea Peninsula, H was from the Huanghai Sea-Bohai Sea stock and S was from the health cultured stock in Jimo, Shandong Province, China. Three genetic markers, F-02(540), OPN-13(800) and OPN-20(2200), which could differentiate the three different stocks, have been reported. The basic data for marker assisted selection (MAS) on genetic breeding of Penaeus chinensis are provided.
文摘A kind of baculovirus was isolated from the cephalothorax homogenate of sick or morbid Penaeus chinensis by differential centrifugation and density gradient centrifugation. Electron microscopic examination of ultrathin section of the gills, stomach and mid-gut tissues also revealed the presence of rod-shaped baculoviral particles with the same size in the affected cell nuclei, where most of the virions arranging in cluster assembled and caused a series of cytopathic changes. The virion covered with bilaminal envelope was 320 ~ 400 nm × 100 ~ 130 nm in size, whereas the nucleocapsid ranged in size of 250~ 300 nm in length and 70 ~ 100 nm in breadth respectively. No nuclear polyhedron or granulin occlusion theies have been found in cells. According to the principle of viral classification, this newly found virus could probably belong to the non-occluded subgroup of insect baculoviridae, i. e., C subgroup baculovirus.
文摘This pathogenic study shows that the viral diseases of Chinese prawns (Penaeus chinensis. O’sbeck)is due to three kinds of viruses: epithelium envelope baculovirus of Penaeus chinensis (EEBV-PC, de-tected by the authors in 1993), infections hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus, andhepatopancreatic parvo-like virus, and that the first two viruses seem to be the main pathogens of theepidemic in the northern regions in 1993.
基金This study was funded in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2018A030310049)2019 Annual Guangdong Provincial Special fund of Nan-hai Economic Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory(No.2319412525)+2 种基金the Nanhai Scholar Project of Guangdong Ocean University,Fangchenggang Science and Technol-ogy Plan Project(No.AD19008017)the R&D Program of Key Areas in Guangdong Province(No.2020B0202010009)2019 Provincial Financial Special Fund Con-struction Project of Guangdong Ocean University(No.231619003).
文摘The hepatopancreatic necrosis disease(HPND)is a common shrimp disease.Aquaculture of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon has suffered with the frequent outbreak of HPND.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of host response to HPND is of pivotal importance for improving its farming performance.In this study,the RNA-Seq platform was utilized to investigate transcriptomic changes of the hepatopancreas in pond-cultured P.monodon with HPND symptoms.A total of 62071 genes with an average length of 953 bp were obtained,and a lot of simple sequence repeat(SSR)loci related to these genes were identified.Totally,5204 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were detected between healthy shrimp and HPND shrimp,with 3399 genes upregulated and 1,805 genes down-regulated.These genes had a wide range of biological functions,and several well-known immunerelated genes including integrin alpha 5,integrin beta 1,C type lectin and catalase were among the DEGs.Cell signaling pathways including the extracellular matrix(ECM)receptor interaction,phagosome and lysosome pathways were significantly upregulated in HPND-infected shrimps,indicating their involvement in the immune responses of shrimp against HPND.The data obtained in this study offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms of shrimp host response to HPND disease,and provides a resource for molecular marker development and genetic breeding studies of P.monodon.
基金Project supported by Qingdao Scientific Research Program (03 2 HH 3) and Shandong Scientific Foundation (2004ZRB01001)
文摘The effects of rare earths (RE) and its complex with extract from seaweed (Lamiaria japonica) on the growth and immunization of penaeid shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) were investigated. The results show that the survival rate, body length and weight of the shrimp treated by RE and its complex with extract from seaweed are higher than those of the control, and that the activities of the phenoloxidase (PO), lysozyme (LSZ), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the shrimp treated by RE and the complex are also much higher than those from the control.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.30471322.
文摘Genetic diversity of two wild Penaeus monodon populations sampled from the coastal waters of Qinglan(Hainan Province of China,HN)and Malaysia(KD),and the F1 generation of a Thailand broodstock population(CP)were examined by vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Of 21 loci encoded by ten enzymes,11 were polymorphic.The mean proportions of polymorphic loci of HN,KD and CP were 36.36%,45.45%and 50.00%,with the average heterozygosities of 0.135,0.181 and 0.191,and the effective numbers of alleles per loci were 1.300,1.330 and 1.329,respectively.The divergent indexes of HN,KD and CP were0.023,0.124,and 0.117,respectively.The genetic distance between the two wild populations was 0.005,and the gene differentiation coefficient was also very low(0.014).The results indicated that the F1 generation population had a higher genetic diversity than the two wild populations,and that the HN population had the lowest one.There was no significant differentiation between HN and KD populations and all populations existed with a slight heterozygote excess.
基金funded by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China[2018YFC1602201]Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province[2021NY-158]+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[31671780]the Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Risk Assessment Foundation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China[GJFP2020002,GJFP2020003].
文摘Although Vibrio parahaemolyticus has become the most common pathogen in fresh and frozen seafood,its virulence changes have often been ignored during the processing of seafood.To investigate these potential risks,we used frozen Penaeus chinensis as examples,and the most virulent factors of V.parahaemolyticus,including amounts,viable but nonculturable(VBNC)status,toxins TDH and TRH,and virulence genes tdh and trh,were determined.Bacterial quantities were signifi cantly reduced during drain and sprinkling phases,but caused by different factors.By SYTO9 and PI staining showed that washing was the main reason for the bacterial reduction at the drain phase,while the strain entering VBNC state was another reason at sprinkling phase.Their hemolysis toxicity,produced by TDH and TRH,became stronger after inoculation on shrimp,and could be detected throughout the process.Moreover,tdh and trh also exhibited trends similar to that of the hemolysis toxicity test.tdh was almost to a two-fold expression level during ice-glazing phase,while trh only express at a low level,less than half of the expression level before inoculation.These results demonstrated that the strains were not dead during freezing process,but became VBNC cells,which still produced and accumulated toxins,especially TDH,the most virulent factor.
文摘Heat shocks effectively produced triploids in Penaeus chinensis . Fertilized eggs heat shocked (28-32℃) for 8 to 16 minutes, starting from 8 to 20 minutes after spawning, resulted in triploidy induction rates of 39%-75%. Several triploid populations were cultured to 10 cm. In a triploid population, two kinds of ovaries were observed. Histological examination showed apparent differences between these two kinds of ovaries, whereas among male shrimp, there were no such differences.
文摘White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) was purified from hemolymph of infected shrimp. After nucleic acid extraction from the purified virus particles, EcoR I digested fragments of the WSSV genome were cloned; three of these fragments were used as non radioactive probes labeled with DIG 11 dUTP. The probes hybridized in situ, with sections located in the nuclei of all WSSV infected tissues. The virus was detected in the gill, stomach, epidermis, and connective tissue and so on, but not detected in healthy shrimp tissues and epithelial cells of hepatopancreatic tubules of diseased shrimp.
文摘This paper reports the approprite ranges of Mg 2+, Ca 2+ and their ratio Mg 2+/Ca 2+ in mixed seawater for rearing of Penaeus japonicus larvae. The ranges for the above three indices are 1150-1450 mg/L, 360-440 mg/L and 2.8-3.4, respectively. The proper salinity range of mixed seawater is 22.1-33.8 obtained by mixing estuarine water and concentrated seawater.
