Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) incorporated with nanocrystalline TiO2 powder (PEDOT:PSS+nc-TiO2) films were prepared by spin-coating technique. SEM surface morphology, UV-Vis spectra and NH3 g...Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) incorporated with nanocrystalline TiO2 powder (PEDOT:PSS+nc-TiO2) films were prepared by spin-coating technique. SEM surface morphology, UV-Vis spectra and NH3 gas sensing of were studied. Results showed that the PEDOT:PSS+nc-TiO2 film with a content of 9.0 wt% of TiO2 is most suitable for both the hole transport layer and the NH3 sensing. The responding time of the sensor made from this composite film reached a value as fast as 20 s. The rapid responsiveness to NH3 gas was attributed to the efficient movement of holes as the major charge carriers in PEDOT:PSS+nc-TiO2 composite films. Useful applications in organic electronic devices like light emitting diodes and gas thin film sensors can be envisaged.展开更多
In this paper, the Authors present the designing of power system stabilizer (PSS) and static var compensator (SVC) based on chaos, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and shuffled frog leaping (SFL) Algorithms has been ...In this paper, the Authors present the designing of power system stabilizer (PSS) and static var compensator (SVC) based on chaos, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and shuffled frog leaping (SFL) Algorithms has been presented to improve the power system stability. Single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system with SVC located at the terminal of generator has been considered to evaluate the proposed SVC and PSS controllers. The coefficients of PSS and SVC controller have been optimized by Chaos, PSO and SFL algorithms. Fi-nally the system with proposed controllers is simulated for the special disturbance in input power of genera-tor, and then the dynamic responses of generator have been presented. The simulation results show that the system composed with recommended controller has outstanding operation in fast damping of oscillations of power system and describes an application of Chaos, PSO and SFL algorithms to the problem of designing a Lead-Lag controller used in PSS and SVC in power system.展开更多
PEDOT:PSS buffer layers have been processed with the standard annealing step used for organic solar cells device applications. The d.c. conductivity σ as a function of temperature for two heating rates under He and a...PEDOT:PSS buffer layers have been processed with the standard annealing step used for organic solar cells device applications. The d.c. conductivity σ as a function of temperature for two heating rates under He and atmospheric air was studied. Moreover, the stability of the conductivity was investigated at different temperatures and environments vs time. The main results can be summarized in the following: the increase of σ due to the thermal activation of the carriers and the improvement of the crystallinity compete with the decrease of σ resulting from the irreversible structural degradation of the polymer chains promoted by the oxygen and moisture of the atmospheric air. The heat treatment time and the temperature at which the two competing mechanisms result in a maximum of the electrical conductivity have been determined and results are discussed relevant to organic optoelectronic devices containing PEDOT: PSS buffer layers.展开更多
Precise control over the charge carrier dynamics throughout the device can result in outstanding performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)is the mo...Precise control over the charge carrier dynamics throughout the device can result in outstanding performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)is the most actively studied hole transport material in p-i-n structured PSCs.However,charge transport in the PEDOT:PSS is limited and inefficient because of its low conductivity with the presence of the weak ionic conductor PSS.In addition,morphology of the underlying PEDOT:PSS layer in PSCs plays a crucial role in determining the optoelectronic quality of the active perovskite absorber layer.This work is focused on realization of a non-wetting conductive surface of hole transport layer suitable for the growth of larger perovskite crystalline domains.This is accomplished by employing a facile solventengineered(ethylene glycol and methanol)approach resulting in removal of the predominant PSS in PEDOT:PSS.The consequence of acquiring larger perovskite crystalline domains was observed in the charge carrier dynamics studies,with the achievement of higher charge carrier lifetime,lower charge transport time and lower transfer impedance in the solvent-engineered PEDOT:PSS-based PSCs.Use of this solventengineered treatment for the fabrication of MAPbI3 PSCs greatly increased the device stability witnessing a power conversion efficiency of 18.18%,which corresponds to^37%improvement compared to the untreated PEDOT:PSS based devices.展开更多
Fabrication of flexible transparent electrodes(FTEs) is one of the core technologies in the field of flexible electronics. Among multiple choices of FTEs, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonic acid)(P...Fabrication of flexible transparent electrodes(FTEs) is one of the core technologies in the field of flexible electronics. Among multiple choices of FTEs, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonic acid)(PEDOT:PSS) has shown its promising application in roll-to-roll manufacturing. A simple yet effective method for substantially boosting the conductivity of these conducting polymer films without causing large-domain aggregations is by adding ethylene glycol(EG) as dopant. Herein, we investigated in detail the effects of the secondary solvent of ethylene glycol(EG) on the optical and electrical characteristics of PEDOT:PSS films. The modified PEDOT:PSS FTEs were deposited using drop-coating techniques as it had greater compatibility for large-area samples than the conventional spin-coating method did. The 6% EG-doped PEDOT:PSS FTE via drop-coating method achieved a high figure of merit(FoM) value of 47.24 and the devices fabricated using the optimal PEDOT:PSS FTE yielded a high power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 8.89%, mostly attributed to the modified PEDOT:PSS films that had excellent optical and electrical characteristics with low surface roughness. These results suggested that EG-doping could effectively boost the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS films and that the modified PEDOT:PSS FTE is suitable for roll-to-roll manufacturing in the future.展开更多
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)is a highly successful conductive polymer utilized as an electrode material in energy storage units for portable and wearable electronic de-vices.Neve...Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)is a highly successful conductive polymer utilized as an electrode material in energy storage units for portable and wearable electronic de-vices.Nevertheless,employing PEDOT:PSS in supercapacitors(SC)in its pristine state presents challenges due to its suboptimal electrochemical performance and operational instability.To surmount these limita-tions,PEDOT:PSS has been integrated with carbon-based materials to form flexible electrodes,which ex-hibit physical and chemical stability during SC operation.We developed a streamlined fabrication process for high-performance SC electrodes composed of PEDOT:PSS and carbon quantum dots(CQDs).The CQDs were synthesized under microwave irradiation,yielding green-and red-light emissions.Through optimiz-ing the ratios of CQDs to PEDOT:PSS,the SC electrodes were prepared using a spray-coating technique,marking a significant improvement in device performance with a high volumetric capacitance(104.10 F cm-3),impressive energy density(19.68 Wh cm^(-3)),and excellent cyclic stability,retaining~85% of its original volumetric capacitance after 15,000 repeated GCD cycles.Moreover,the SCs,when utilized as a flexible substrate,demonstrated the ability to maintain up to~85% of their electrochemical performance even after 3,000 bending cycles(at a bending angle of 60°).These attributes render this hybrid composite an ideal candidate for a lightweight smart energy storage component in portable and wearable electronic technologies.展开更多
In this work, we report the simultaneous determination of cadmium and lead using glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified by poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) for linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry (LSASV...In this work, we report the simultaneous determination of cadmium and lead using glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified by poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) for linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry (LSASV). The modification allows metal detection without involving oxygen removal, mechanical stirring and introduction of alloying additions such as Hg, Bi, Sb, etc. during the pre-concentration step. Introduction of poly (4-styrenesulphonate) (PSS) as dopant in the PEDOT matrix improves reproducibility, stability and sensitivity in the detection. Both cadmium and lead peaks were readily quantifiable over the linear range of 2 - 10 ?g/ml and the detection limit being 1.47 ?g/ml and 1.15 ?g/ml respectively. The calibration plot shows a linear response with correlation coefficient of 0.9911 and 0.9944 for cadmium and lead respectively. Thus, the GC/PEDOT/PSS modified electrode suggested as a suitable matrix for rapid monitoring of these heavy metals at trace levels.展开更多
文摘Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) incorporated with nanocrystalline TiO2 powder (PEDOT:PSS+nc-TiO2) films were prepared by spin-coating technique. SEM surface morphology, UV-Vis spectra and NH3 gas sensing of were studied. Results showed that the PEDOT:PSS+nc-TiO2 film with a content of 9.0 wt% of TiO2 is most suitable for both the hole transport layer and the NH3 sensing. The responding time of the sensor made from this composite film reached a value as fast as 20 s. The rapid responsiveness to NH3 gas was attributed to the efficient movement of holes as the major charge carriers in PEDOT:PSS+nc-TiO2 composite films. Useful applications in organic electronic devices like light emitting diodes and gas thin film sensors can be envisaged.
文摘In this paper, the Authors present the designing of power system stabilizer (PSS) and static var compensator (SVC) based on chaos, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and shuffled frog leaping (SFL) Algorithms has been presented to improve the power system stability. Single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system with SVC located at the terminal of generator has been considered to evaluate the proposed SVC and PSS controllers. The coefficients of PSS and SVC controller have been optimized by Chaos, PSO and SFL algorithms. Fi-nally the system with proposed controllers is simulated for the special disturbance in input power of genera-tor, and then the dynamic responses of generator have been presented. The simulation results show that the system composed with recommended controller has outstanding operation in fast damping of oscillations of power system and describes an application of Chaos, PSO and SFL algorithms to the problem of designing a Lead-Lag controller used in PSS and SVC in power system.
文摘PEDOT:PSS buffer layers have been processed with the standard annealing step used for organic solar cells device applications. The d.c. conductivity σ as a function of temperature for two heating rates under He and atmospheric air was studied. Moreover, the stability of the conductivity was investigated at different temperatures and environments vs time. The main results can be summarized in the following: the increase of σ due to the thermal activation of the carriers and the improvement of the crystallinity compete with the decrease of σ resulting from the irreversible structural degradation of the polymer chains promoted by the oxygen and moisture of the atmospheric air. The heat treatment time and the temperature at which the two competing mechanisms result in a maximum of the electrical conductivity have been determined and results are discussed relevant to organic optoelectronic devices containing PEDOT: PSS buffer layers.
基金supported by NSF MRI (1428992)NASA EPSCoR (NNX15AM83A)+3 种基金U.S.–Egypt Science and Technology (S&T) Joint FundSDBoR R&D ProgramEDA University Center Program (ED18DEN3030025)supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC0206CH11357.
文摘Precise control over the charge carrier dynamics throughout the device can result in outstanding performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)is the most actively studied hole transport material in p-i-n structured PSCs.However,charge transport in the PEDOT:PSS is limited and inefficient because of its low conductivity with the presence of the weak ionic conductor PSS.In addition,morphology of the underlying PEDOT:PSS layer in PSCs plays a crucial role in determining the optoelectronic quality of the active perovskite absorber layer.This work is focused on realization of a non-wetting conductive surface of hole transport layer suitable for the growth of larger perovskite crystalline domains.This is accomplished by employing a facile solventengineered(ethylene glycol and methanol)approach resulting in removal of the predominant PSS in PEDOT:PSS.The consequence of acquiring larger perovskite crystalline domains was observed in the charge carrier dynamics studies,with the achievement of higher charge carrier lifetime,lower charge transport time and lower transfer impedance in the solvent-engineered PEDOT:PSS-based PSCs.Use of this solventengineered treatment for the fabrication of MAPbI3 PSCs greatly increased the device stability witnessing a power conversion efficiency of 18.18%,which corresponds to^37%improvement compared to the untreated PEDOT:PSS based devices.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFE0106000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21574144, 51773212, 61705240, and 21674123)+4 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LR16B040002)Ningbo Municipal Science and Technology Innovative Research Team (Nos. 2015B11002 and 2016B10005)CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation TeamCAS Key Project of Frontier Science Research (No. QYZDB-SSW-SYS030)CAS Key Project of International Cooperation (No. 174433KYSB20160065)
文摘Fabrication of flexible transparent electrodes(FTEs) is one of the core technologies in the field of flexible electronics. Among multiple choices of FTEs, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonic acid)(PEDOT:PSS) has shown its promising application in roll-to-roll manufacturing. A simple yet effective method for substantially boosting the conductivity of these conducting polymer films without causing large-domain aggregations is by adding ethylene glycol(EG) as dopant. Herein, we investigated in detail the effects of the secondary solvent of ethylene glycol(EG) on the optical and electrical characteristics of PEDOT:PSS films. The modified PEDOT:PSS FTEs were deposited using drop-coating techniques as it had greater compatibility for large-area samples than the conventional spin-coating method did. The 6% EG-doped PEDOT:PSS FTE via drop-coating method achieved a high figure of merit(FoM) value of 47.24 and the devices fabricated using the optimal PEDOT:PSS FTE yielded a high power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 8.89%, mostly attributed to the modified PEDOT:PSS films that had excellent optical and electrical characteristics with low surface roughness. These results suggested that EG-doping could effectively boost the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS films and that the modified PEDOT:PSS FTE is suitable for roll-to-roll manufacturing in the future.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)through a grant provided by the Korean government(No.NRF-2021R1F1A1063451).
文摘Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)is a highly successful conductive polymer utilized as an electrode material in energy storage units for portable and wearable electronic de-vices.Nevertheless,employing PEDOT:PSS in supercapacitors(SC)in its pristine state presents challenges due to its suboptimal electrochemical performance and operational instability.To surmount these limita-tions,PEDOT:PSS has been integrated with carbon-based materials to form flexible electrodes,which ex-hibit physical and chemical stability during SC operation.We developed a streamlined fabrication process for high-performance SC electrodes composed of PEDOT:PSS and carbon quantum dots(CQDs).The CQDs were synthesized under microwave irradiation,yielding green-and red-light emissions.Through optimiz-ing the ratios of CQDs to PEDOT:PSS,the SC electrodes were prepared using a spray-coating technique,marking a significant improvement in device performance with a high volumetric capacitance(104.10 F cm-3),impressive energy density(19.68 Wh cm^(-3)),and excellent cyclic stability,retaining~85% of its original volumetric capacitance after 15,000 repeated GCD cycles.Moreover,the SCs,when utilized as a flexible substrate,demonstrated the ability to maintain up to~85% of their electrochemical performance even after 3,000 bending cycles(at a bending angle of 60°).These attributes render this hybrid composite an ideal candidate for a lightweight smart energy storage component in portable and wearable electronic technologies.
文摘In this work, we report the simultaneous determination of cadmium and lead using glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified by poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) for linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry (LSASV). The modification allows metal detection without involving oxygen removal, mechanical stirring and introduction of alloying additions such as Hg, Bi, Sb, etc. during the pre-concentration step. Introduction of poly (4-styrenesulphonate) (PSS) as dopant in the PEDOT matrix improves reproducibility, stability and sensitivity in the detection. Both cadmium and lead peaks were readily quantifiable over the linear range of 2 - 10 ?g/ml and the detection limit being 1.47 ?g/ml and 1.15 ?g/ml respectively. The calibration plot shows a linear response with correlation coefficient of 0.9911 and 0.9944 for cadmium and lead respectively. Thus, the GC/PEDOT/PSS modified electrode suggested as a suitable matrix for rapid monitoring of these heavy metals at trace levels.
