采用静态称量法测量30、40、50℃时豌豆种子的吸附等温线,对实验数据进行非线性拟合,并通过对净等量吸附热、微分熵、焓熵补偿、扩张压力、净积分焓和净积分熵等热力学性质参数的研究,分析种子吸附特性和进一步揭示吸附机理,为选择和优...采用静态称量法测量30、40、50℃时豌豆种子的吸附等温线,对实验数据进行非线性拟合,并通过对净等量吸附热、微分熵、焓熵补偿、扩张压力、净积分焓和净积分熵等热力学性质参数的研究,分析种子吸附特性和进一步揭示吸附机理,为选择和优化种子干燥和贮藏条件提供理论依据。实验结果表明,温度恒定时,平衡含水率随水分活度升高而升高,吸附等温线属于类型Ⅱ且GAB模型拟合效果最佳(R2=0.998 9,误差平方和为4.52×10-5);净等量吸附热和微分熵随着平衡含水率升高而降低的规律符合焓熵补偿理论,该理论反映出吸附过程是非自发反应,属于焓驱动,而当干基含水率达到25%时,净等量吸附热值接近纯水的汽化潜热(43.30 k J/mol);种子吸附过程的扩张压力随水分活度升高而升高,随温度升高而降低,当扩张压力一定时,净积分焓和净积分熵随着平衡含水率升高而降低,净积分熵达到最小值后逐渐升高,此最小值在30、40、50℃温度条件下分别为-137.79、-140.29、-137.74 J/(mol·K),对应的水分活度和平衡含水率分别为0.017、0.045、0.062和2.7%、2.5%、2.4%,这些条件可作为豌豆种子贮藏的最稳定条件。展开更多
【目的】探究牛大力的微波干燥特性并分析其动力学模型,为完善牛大力微波干燥加工工艺提供参考依据。【方法】测定不同微波功率及不同切片厚度下的牛大力干燥曲线和干燥速率曲线,选用薄层干燥模型中常见的5种动力学模型(Newton、Lagarit...【目的】探究牛大力的微波干燥特性并分析其动力学模型,为完善牛大力微波干燥加工工艺提供参考依据。【方法】测定不同微波功率及不同切片厚度下的牛大力干燥曲线和干燥速率曲线,选用薄层干燥模型中常见的5种动力学模型(Newton、Lagarithmic、Henderson and Pabis、Wang and Singh和Page模型)对牛大力切片干燥模型进行线性拟合。【结果】牛大力的微波干燥曲线呈现加速和降速2个阶段,在同一微波功率下,牛大力切片厚度越小,干燥速率越快;在同一切片厚度下,牛大力微波功率越大,干燥速率就越快。在相同切片厚度、不同微波功率条件下和在相同微波功率、不同切片厚度条件下,牛大力切片干燥过程的水分比(MR)与干燥时间t呈非线性关系,说明模型Wang and Singh不适合用于描述牛大力切片的微波干燥特性;-lnMR与干燥时间t呈非线性关系,说明Newton、Lagarithmic和Henderson and Pabis模型也不适合用于描述牛大力切片的微波干燥特性;而ln(-lnMR)与干燥时间lnt呈线性关系,说明Page模型可用于描述和预测牛大力切片微波干燥特性。以SPSS 20.0对试验数据进行拟合,并求得牛大力微波干燥动力学模型的拟合方程ln(-lnMR)=-4.226-0.19H+0.001P+(1+0.027H+0P)lnt达极显著水平(P<0.01),说明Page模型具有较高的拟合度,即Page模型适用于建立牛大力切片微波干燥动力学模型。经准确性检验,Page模型预测值与试验值拟合度较高,Pearson相关系数为0.999。【结论】Page模型能较好地反映和有效预测牛大力切片微波干燥过程的水分变化情况,适用于建立牛大力切片微波干燥动力学模型,且通过拟合方程能准确预测微波干燥过程某时刻牛大力切片的水分比。展开更多
Field pea(Pisum sativum L.) is an important protein-rich pulse crop produced globally. Increasing the lipid content of Pisum seeds through conventional and contemporary molecular breeding tools may bring added value t...Field pea(Pisum sativum L.) is an important protein-rich pulse crop produced globally. Increasing the lipid content of Pisum seeds through conventional and contemporary molecular breeding tools may bring added value to the crop. However, knowledge about genetic diversity and lipid content in field pea is limited. An understanding of genetic diversity and population structure in diverse germplasm is important and a prerequisite for genetic dissection of complex characteristics and marker-trait associations. Fifty polymorphic microsatellite markers detecting a total of 207 alleles were used to obtain information on genetic diversity, population structure and marker-trait associations. Cluster analysis was performed using UPGMA to construct a dendrogram from a pairwise similarity matrix. Pea genotypes were divided into five major clusters. A model-based population structure analysis divided the pea accessions into four groups. Percentage lipid content in 35 diverse pea accessions was used to find potential associations with the SSR markers. Markers AD73, D21, and AA5 were significantly associated with lipid content using a mixed linear model(MLM) taking population structure(Q) and relative kinship(K) into account. The results of this preliminary study suggested that the population could be used for marker-trait association mapping studies.展开更多
文摘采用静态称量法测量30、40、50℃时豌豆种子的吸附等温线,对实验数据进行非线性拟合,并通过对净等量吸附热、微分熵、焓熵补偿、扩张压力、净积分焓和净积分熵等热力学性质参数的研究,分析种子吸附特性和进一步揭示吸附机理,为选择和优化种子干燥和贮藏条件提供理论依据。实验结果表明,温度恒定时,平衡含水率随水分活度升高而升高,吸附等温线属于类型Ⅱ且GAB模型拟合效果最佳(R2=0.998 9,误差平方和为4.52×10-5);净等量吸附热和微分熵随着平衡含水率升高而降低的规律符合焓熵补偿理论,该理论反映出吸附过程是非自发反应,属于焓驱动,而当干基含水率达到25%时,净等量吸附热值接近纯水的汽化潜热(43.30 k J/mol);种子吸附过程的扩张压力随水分活度升高而升高,随温度升高而降低,当扩张压力一定时,净积分焓和净积分熵随着平衡含水率升高而降低,净积分熵达到最小值后逐渐升高,此最小值在30、40、50℃温度条件下分别为-137.79、-140.29、-137.74 J/(mol·K),对应的水分活度和平衡含水率分别为0.017、0.045、0.062和2.7%、2.5%、2.4%,这些条件可作为豌豆种子贮藏的最稳定条件。
文摘【目的】探究牛大力的微波干燥特性并分析其动力学模型,为完善牛大力微波干燥加工工艺提供参考依据。【方法】测定不同微波功率及不同切片厚度下的牛大力干燥曲线和干燥速率曲线,选用薄层干燥模型中常见的5种动力学模型(Newton、Lagarithmic、Henderson and Pabis、Wang and Singh和Page模型)对牛大力切片干燥模型进行线性拟合。【结果】牛大力的微波干燥曲线呈现加速和降速2个阶段,在同一微波功率下,牛大力切片厚度越小,干燥速率越快;在同一切片厚度下,牛大力微波功率越大,干燥速率就越快。在相同切片厚度、不同微波功率条件下和在相同微波功率、不同切片厚度条件下,牛大力切片干燥过程的水分比(MR)与干燥时间t呈非线性关系,说明模型Wang and Singh不适合用于描述牛大力切片的微波干燥特性;-lnMR与干燥时间t呈非线性关系,说明Newton、Lagarithmic和Henderson and Pabis模型也不适合用于描述牛大力切片的微波干燥特性;而ln(-lnMR)与干燥时间lnt呈线性关系,说明Page模型可用于描述和预测牛大力切片微波干燥特性。以SPSS 20.0对试验数据进行拟合,并求得牛大力微波干燥动力学模型的拟合方程ln(-lnMR)=-4.226-0.19H+0.001P+(1+0.027H+0P)lnt达极显著水平(P<0.01),说明Page模型具有较高的拟合度,即Page模型适用于建立牛大力切片微波干燥动力学模型。经准确性检验,Page模型预测值与试验值拟合度较高,Pearson相关系数为0.999。【结论】Page模型能较好地反映和有效预测牛大力切片微波干燥过程的水分变化情况,适用于建立牛大力切片微波干燥动力学模型,且通过拟合方程能准确预测微波干燥过程某时刻牛大力切片的水分比。
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Collaborative Research and Development and Lefsrud Seeds (CRDRJ385395-09)
文摘Field pea(Pisum sativum L.) is an important protein-rich pulse crop produced globally. Increasing the lipid content of Pisum seeds through conventional and contemporary molecular breeding tools may bring added value to the crop. However, knowledge about genetic diversity and lipid content in field pea is limited. An understanding of genetic diversity and population structure in diverse germplasm is important and a prerequisite for genetic dissection of complex characteristics and marker-trait associations. Fifty polymorphic microsatellite markers detecting a total of 207 alleles were used to obtain information on genetic diversity, population structure and marker-trait associations. Cluster analysis was performed using UPGMA to construct a dendrogram from a pairwise similarity matrix. Pea genotypes were divided into five major clusters. A model-based population structure analysis divided the pea accessions into four groups. Percentage lipid content in 35 diverse pea accessions was used to find potential associations with the SSR markers. Markers AD73, D21, and AA5 were significantly associated with lipid content using a mixed linear model(MLM) taking population structure(Q) and relative kinship(K) into account. The results of this preliminary study suggested that the population could be used for marker-trait association mapping studies.
