Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma ...Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma pathobiology.Conventional cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under discussion.In vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell culture.However,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)characteristics.Therefore,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between them.Given the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy development.In this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell cultures.We then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO methodologies.Finally,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.展开更多
Marine heatwaves(MHWs)have become increasingly frequent and persistent in the context of global warming and the related underlying mechanisms are strongly region-dependent.We employed the NOAA(National Oceanic and Atm...Marine heatwaves(MHWs)have become increasingly frequent and persistent in the context of global warming and the related underlying mechanisms are strongly region-dependent.We employed the NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)CRW(Coral Reef Watch)daily mean sea surface temperature dataset spanning from 1985 to 2022 to comprehensively analyze the fundamental attributes and evolving patterns of marine heatwaves in the offshore waters of China.Eight pronounced marine heatwaves from frequently affected sensitive regions were investigated to explore their formation mechanisms.The relationship between the occurrences of marine heatwave and large-scale climate mode in the region was explored.Results show that the western Pacific subtropical high plays an essential role in triggering marine heatwaves in Chinese offshore waters,with an anomalous downward shortwave radiation flux acting to warm the sea surface,which is remotely associated to the large-scale sea surface temperature state.Distinct mechanisms for the MHWs were identified in the northern and southern offshore waters of China.MHWs in high latitudes(such as the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea)mainly occur during the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO),while those in low latitudes(such as the South China Sea)are more common in about 5-month lags behind the El Niño,for which we purposed a mechanism to describe the main differences in the formation of MHWs in China and discussed the related implications.展开更多
文摘Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma pathobiology.Conventional cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under discussion.In vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell culture.However,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)characteristics.Therefore,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between them.Given the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy development.In this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell cultures.We then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO methodologies.Finally,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41905089)the Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ202202404)+1 种基金the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST,Jiangsu Innovation Research Group(No.JSSCTD202346)the Undergraduates Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Jiangsu Province(No.202310300087Y)。
文摘Marine heatwaves(MHWs)have become increasingly frequent and persistent in the context of global warming and the related underlying mechanisms are strongly region-dependent.We employed the NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)CRW(Coral Reef Watch)daily mean sea surface temperature dataset spanning from 1985 to 2022 to comprehensively analyze the fundamental attributes and evolving patterns of marine heatwaves in the offshore waters of China.Eight pronounced marine heatwaves from frequently affected sensitive regions were investigated to explore their formation mechanisms.The relationship between the occurrences of marine heatwave and large-scale climate mode in the region was explored.Results show that the western Pacific subtropical high plays an essential role in triggering marine heatwaves in Chinese offshore waters,with an anomalous downward shortwave radiation flux acting to warm the sea surface,which is remotely associated to the large-scale sea surface temperature state.Distinct mechanisms for the MHWs were identified in the northern and southern offshore waters of China.MHWs in high latitudes(such as the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea)mainly occur during the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO),while those in low latitudes(such as the South China Sea)are more common in about 5-month lags behind the El Niño,for which we purposed a mechanism to describe the main differences in the formation of MHWs in China and discussed the related implications.
