This research proposes an improved Puma optimization algorithm(IPuma)as a novel dynamic recon-figuration tool for a photovoltaic(PV)array linked in total-cross-tied(TCT).The proposed algorithm utilizes the Newton-Raph...This research proposes an improved Puma optimization algorithm(IPuma)as a novel dynamic recon-figuration tool for a photovoltaic(PV)array linked in total-cross-tied(TCT).The proposed algorithm utilizes the Newton-Raphson search rule(NRSR)to boost the exploration process,especially in search spaces with more local regions,and boost the exploitation with adaptive parameters alternating with random parameters in the original Puma.The effectiveness of the introduced IPuma is confirmed through comprehensive evaluations on the CEC’20 benchmark problems.It shows superior performance compared to both established and modern metaheuristic algorithms in terms of effectively navigating the search space and achieving convergence towards near-optimal regions.The findings indicated that the IPuma algorithm demonstrates considerable statistical promise and surpasses the performance of competing algorithms.In addition,the proposed IPuma is utilized to reconfigure a 9×9 PV array that operates under different shade patterns,such as lower triangular(LT),long wide(LW),and short wide(SW).In addition to other programmed approaches,such as the Whale optimization algorithm(WOA),grey wolf optimizer(GWO),Harris Hawks optimization(HHO),particle swarm optimization(PSO),gravitational search algorithm(GSA),biogeography-based optimization(BBO),sine cosine algorithm(SCA),equilibrium optimizer(EO),and original Puma,the indicated method is contrasted to the traditional configurations of TCT and Sudoku.In addition,the metrics of mismatch power loss,maximum efficiency improvement,efficiency improvement ratio,and peak-to-mean ratio are calculated to assess the effectiveness of the indicated approach.The proposed IPuma improved the generated power by 36.72%,28.03%,and 40.97%for SW,LW,and LT,respectively,outperforming the TCT configuration.In addition,it achieved the best maximum efficiency improvement among the algorithms considered,with 26.86%,21.89%,and 29.07%for the examined patterns.The results highlight the superiority and competence of the proposed approach in both convergence rates and stability,as well as applicability to dynamically reconfigure the PV system and enhance its harvested energy.展开更多
Partial least squares (PLS) model maximizes the covariance between process variables and quality variables,making it widely used in quality-related fault detection.However,traditional PLS methods focus primarily on li...Partial least squares (PLS) model maximizes the covariance between process variables and quality variables,making it widely used in quality-related fault detection.However,traditional PLS methods focus primarily on linear processes,leading to poor performance in dynamic nonlinear processes.In this paper,a novel quality-related fault detection method,named DiCAE-PLS,is developed by combining dynamic-inner convolutional autoencoder with PLS.In the proposed DiCAE-PLS method,latent features are first extracted through dynamic-inner convolutional autoencoder (DiCAE) to capture process dynamics and nonlinearity from process variables.Then,a PLS model is established to build the relationship between the extracted latent features and the final product quality.To detect quality-related faults,Hotelling's T^(2) statistic is employed.The developed quality-related fault detection is applied to the widely used industrial benchmark of the Tennessee.展开更多
Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a prevalent malignancy with high morbidity and mortality.Globally,about 400000 people are affected,often with a poor quality of life.Its high mortality is mainly due to its aggress...Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a prevalent malignancy with high morbidity and mortality.Globally,about 400000 people are affected,often with a poor quality of life.Its high mortality is mainly due to its aggressive growth and tendency to spread.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)is a central regulatory hub driving tumor cell migration and invasion by enabling changes in cell characteristics.During EMT,epithelial cells gradually take on mesenchymal traits,gaining mobility and spreading mo re easily.Recent multi-omics studies show that many cancer cells exist in a hybrid or partial-EMT state,which lies between the full epithelial and mesenchymal forms.Cells in this state are especially invasive and metastatic,with high plasticity that promotes tumor progression.This review summarizes the role of partial-EMT in OSCC,with a focus on how it alters the tumor microenvironment(TME),promotes invasion and metastasis,and influences cancer stem cells(CSCs).We also highlight the link between partial-EMT and treatment resistance in OSCC.Based on these insights,we discuss therapeutic strategies targeting partial-EMT to improve outcomes.Targeting partial-EMT may offer promising strategies to enhance treatment effectiveness and improve patient survival and quality of life.展开更多
近几年来,深度学习无所不在,赋能于各个领域.尤其是人工智能与传统科学的结合(AI for science,AI4Science)引发广泛关注.在AI4Science领域,利用人工智能算法求解PDEs(AI4PDEs)已成为计算力学研究的焦点.AI4PDEs的核心是将数据与方程相融...近几年来,深度学习无所不在,赋能于各个领域.尤其是人工智能与传统科学的结合(AI for science,AI4Science)引发广泛关注.在AI4Science领域,利用人工智能算法求解PDEs(AI4PDEs)已成为计算力学研究的焦点.AI4PDEs的核心是将数据与方程相融合,并且几乎可以求解任何偏微分方程问题,由于其融合数据的优势,相较于传统算法,其计算效率通常提升数万倍.因此,本文全面综述了AI4PDEs的研究,总结了现有AI4PDEs算法、理论,并讨论了其在固体力学中的应用,包括正问题和反问题,展望了未来研究方向,尤其是必然会出现的计算力学大模型.现有AI4PDEs算法包括基于物理信息神经网络(physicsinformed neural network,PINNs)、深度能量法(deep energy methods,DEM)、算子学习(operator learning),以及基于物理神经网络算子(physics-informed neural operator,PINO).AI4PDEs在科学计算中有许多应用,本文聚焦于固体力学,正问题包括线弹性、弹塑性,超弹性、以及断裂力学;反问题包括材料参数,本构,缺陷的识别,以及拓朴优化.AI4PDEs代表了一种全新的科学模拟方法,通过利用大量数据在特定问题上提供近似解,然后根据具体的物理方程进行微调,避免了像传统算法那样从头开始计算,因此AI4PDEs是未来计算力学大模型的雏形,能够大大加速传统数值算法.我们相信,利用人工智能助力科学计算不仅仅是计算领域的未来重要方向,同时也是计算力学的未来,即是智能计算力学。展开更多
In this paper, we shall be concerned with the numerical solution of parabolic equations in one space variable and the time variable t. We expand Taylor series to derive a higher-order approximation for U<sub>t&l...In this paper, we shall be concerned with the numerical solution of parabolic equations in one space variable and the time variable t. We expand Taylor series to derive a higher-order approximation for U<sub>t</sub>. We begin with the simplest model problem, for heat conduction in a uniform medium. For this model problem, an explicit difference method is very straightforward in use, and the analysis of its error is easily accomplished by the use of a maximum principle. As we shall show, however, the numerical solution becomes unstable unless the time step is severely restricted, so we shall go on to consider other, more elaborate, numerical methods which can avoid such a restriction. The additional complication in the numerical calculation is more than offset by the smaller number of time steps needed. We then extend the methods to problems with more general boundary conditions, then to more general linear parabolic equations. Finally, we shall discuss the more difficult problem of the solution of nonlinear equations.展开更多
针对三维激光标靶球定位模型中的系数矩阵存在随机元素和非随机元素以及考虑到观测向量与系数矩阵存在相关的情况,引入基于Partial EIV模型的相关观测加权总体最小二乘(Weighted Total Least Squares,WTLS)方法进行求解。模拟实验结果表...针对三维激光标靶球定位模型中的系数矩阵存在随机元素和非随机元素以及考虑到观测向量与系数矩阵存在相关的情况,引入基于Partial EIV模型的相关观测加权总体最小二乘(Weighted Total Least Squares,WTLS)方法进行求解。模拟实验结果表明,在顾及观测向量与系数矩阵存在相关性时,基于Partial EIV模型的相关观测加权总体最小二乘方法解算的参数结果更加接近真值,且精度更高。进一步将该方法应用于实际案例数据中,结果表明,在实际计算时有必要考虑到观测向量与系数矩阵之间的相关性,以提高参数解算精度。本文可补充和完善三维激光扫描标靶球定位技术方法。展开更多
By introducing noncanonical vortex pairs to partially coherent beams, spatial correlation singularity (SCS) and orbital angular momenta (OAM) of the resulting beams are studied using the Fraunhofer diffraction integra...By introducing noncanonical vortex pairs to partially coherent beams, spatial correlation singularity (SCS) and orbital angular momenta (OAM) of the resulting beams are studied using the Fraunhofer diffraction integral. The effect of noncanonical strength, off-axis distance and vortex sign on spatial correlation singularities in far field is stressed. Furthermore, far-field OAM spectra and densities are also investigated, and the OAM detection and crosstalk probabilities are discussed. The results show that the number of dislocations of SCS always equals the sum of absolute values of topological charges for canonical or noncanonical vortex pairs. Although the sum of the product of each OAM mode and its power weight equals the algebraic sum of topological charges for canonical vortex pairs, the relationship no longer holds in the noncanonical case except for opposite-charge vortex pairs. The changes of off-axis distance, noncanonical strength or coherence length can lead to a more dominant power in adjacent mode than that in center detection mode, which also indicates that crosstalk probabilities of adjacent modes exceed the center detection probability. This work may provide potential applications in OAM-based optical communication, imaging, sensing and computing.展开更多
Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)have shown remarkable prospects in solving the forward and inverse problems involving partial differential equations(PDEs).The method embeds PDEs into the neural network by calcu...Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)have shown remarkable prospects in solving the forward and inverse problems involving partial differential equations(PDEs).The method embeds PDEs into the neural network by calculating the PDE loss at a set of collocation points,providing advantages such as meshfree and more convenient adaptive sampling.However,when solving PDEs using nonuniform collocation points,PINNs still face challenge regarding inefficient convergence of PDE residuals or even failure.In this work,we first analyze the ill-conditioning of the PDE loss in PINNs under nonuniform collocation points.To address the issue,we define volume weighting residual and propose volume weighting physics-informed neural networks(VW-PINNs).Through weighting the PDE residuals by the volume that the collocation points occupy within the computational domain,we embed explicitly the distribution characteristics of collocation points in the loss evaluation.The fast and sufficient convergence of the PDE residuals for the problems involving nonuniform collocation points is guaranteed.Considering the meshfree characteristics of VW-PINNs,we also develop a volume approximation algorithm based on kernel density estimation to calculate the volume of the collocation points.We validate the universality of VW-PINNs by solving the forward problems involving flow over a circular cylinder and flow over the NACA0012 airfoil under different inflow conditions,where conventional PINNs fail.By solving the Burgers’equation,we verify that VW-PINNs can enhance the efficiency of existing the adaptive sampling method in solving the forward problem by three times,and can reduce the relative L 2 error of conventional PINNs in solving the inverse problem by more than one order of magnitude.展开更多
Liver regeneration(LR)following partial hepatectomy(PH)is a unique and complex physiological response that restores hepatic mass and function through tightly orchestrated cellular and molecular events.Traditionally vi...Liver regeneration(LR)following partial hepatectomy(PH)is a unique and complex physiological response that restores hepatic mass and function through tightly orchestrated cellular and molecular events.Traditionally viewed as a proliferation-driven process,LR is now understood to involve both hepatocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy,triggered primarily by hemodynamic alterations such as increased portal pressure and shear stress.These promote LR through endothelial–hepatocyte communication via activation of Piezo1-a mechanosensitive ion channel highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells.This channel is considered one of the potential upstream activators of molecular cascades including the interleukin(IL)-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,tumour necrosis factor-alpha/nuclear factor-kappa B,Wnt/β-catenin,Hippo/YAP,transforming growth factor-beta,and Notch pathways,which contribute variably to the proliferation,differentiation,or suppression of hepatic cells.Novel insights into the IL-22 and IL-33 signaling axes,bile acid and glutamine metabolism,and the role of intestinal microbiota are also presented as promising emerging targets.This review synthesizes current insights into the interplay between mechanical cues,key signaling pathways,and metabolic reprogramming that govern early regenerative responses.We explore the mechanisms dictating the balance between hyperplasia and hypertrophy,noting that hypertrophy predominates after minor resections,while proliferation is dominant in larger resections.Polyploidization emerges as a significant adaptive mechanism,contributing to hepatocyte survival and tissue remodeling.The importance of ductular reactions,microvascular adjustments,and extracellular matrix dynamics in lobular architecture remodeling is also highlighted.The study explores the occurrence of ductular reactions in both minor and major resections,particularly within the granulation tissue near dissection areas.The paper also examines structural remodeling in regenerated liver tissue,demonstrating ongoing transformations in hepatocyte morphology and sinusoidal architecture even months after PH,and emphasizing that the termination of liver mass regrowth does not equate to the cessation of LR.展开更多
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research and Libraries,Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,through the Program of Research Project Funding After Publication,grant No.(RPFAP-82-1445)。
文摘This research proposes an improved Puma optimization algorithm(IPuma)as a novel dynamic recon-figuration tool for a photovoltaic(PV)array linked in total-cross-tied(TCT).The proposed algorithm utilizes the Newton-Raphson search rule(NRSR)to boost the exploration process,especially in search spaces with more local regions,and boost the exploitation with adaptive parameters alternating with random parameters in the original Puma.The effectiveness of the introduced IPuma is confirmed through comprehensive evaluations on the CEC’20 benchmark problems.It shows superior performance compared to both established and modern metaheuristic algorithms in terms of effectively navigating the search space and achieving convergence towards near-optimal regions.The findings indicated that the IPuma algorithm demonstrates considerable statistical promise and surpasses the performance of competing algorithms.In addition,the proposed IPuma is utilized to reconfigure a 9×9 PV array that operates under different shade patterns,such as lower triangular(LT),long wide(LW),and short wide(SW).In addition to other programmed approaches,such as the Whale optimization algorithm(WOA),grey wolf optimizer(GWO),Harris Hawks optimization(HHO),particle swarm optimization(PSO),gravitational search algorithm(GSA),biogeography-based optimization(BBO),sine cosine algorithm(SCA),equilibrium optimizer(EO),and original Puma,the indicated method is contrasted to the traditional configurations of TCT and Sudoku.In addition,the metrics of mismatch power loss,maximum efficiency improvement,efficiency improvement ratio,and peak-to-mean ratio are calculated to assess the effectiveness of the indicated approach.The proposed IPuma improved the generated power by 36.72%,28.03%,and 40.97%for SW,LW,and LT,respectively,outperforming the TCT configuration.In addition,it achieved the best maximum efficiency improvement among the algorithms considered,with 26.86%,21.89%,and 29.07%for the examined patterns.The results highlight the superiority and competence of the proposed approach in both convergence rates and stability,as well as applicability to dynamically reconfigure the PV system and enhance its harvested energy.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62573387)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang province,China(LY24F030004)the Fundamental Research Funds of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(25222139-Y).
文摘Partial least squares (PLS) model maximizes the covariance between process variables and quality variables,making it widely used in quality-related fault detection.However,traditional PLS methods focus primarily on linear processes,leading to poor performance in dynamic nonlinear processes.In this paper,a novel quality-related fault detection method,named DiCAE-PLS,is developed by combining dynamic-inner convolutional autoencoder with PLS.In the proposed DiCAE-PLS method,latent features are first extracted through dynamic-inner convolutional autoencoder (DiCAE) to capture process dynamics and nonlinearity from process variables.Then,a PLS model is established to build the relationship between the extracted latent features and the final product quality.To detect quality-related faults,Hotelling's T^(2) statistic is employed.The developed quality-related fault detection is applied to the widely used industrial benchmark of the Tennessee.
基金funded by JSPS KAKENHI to Y.K.(22K19629,22H03288,and 21KK0162)JSPS Program for Forming Japan's Peak Research Universities:J-PEAKS(JPJS00420240022)to Y.K.JST SPRING,Grant Number JPMJSP2113 to C.W.and C.S.
文摘Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a prevalent malignancy with high morbidity and mortality.Globally,about 400000 people are affected,often with a poor quality of life.Its high mortality is mainly due to its aggressive growth and tendency to spread.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)is a central regulatory hub driving tumor cell migration and invasion by enabling changes in cell characteristics.During EMT,epithelial cells gradually take on mesenchymal traits,gaining mobility and spreading mo re easily.Recent multi-omics studies show that many cancer cells exist in a hybrid or partial-EMT state,which lies between the full epithelial and mesenchymal forms.Cells in this state are especially invasive and metastatic,with high plasticity that promotes tumor progression.This review summarizes the role of partial-EMT in OSCC,with a focus on how it alters the tumor microenvironment(TME),promotes invasion and metastasis,and influences cancer stem cells(CSCs).We also highlight the link between partial-EMT and treatment resistance in OSCC.Based on these insights,we discuss therapeutic strategies targeting partial-EMT to improve outcomes.Targeting partial-EMT may offer promising strategies to enhance treatment effectiveness and improve patient survival and quality of life.
文摘近几年来,深度学习无所不在,赋能于各个领域.尤其是人工智能与传统科学的结合(AI for science,AI4Science)引发广泛关注.在AI4Science领域,利用人工智能算法求解PDEs(AI4PDEs)已成为计算力学研究的焦点.AI4PDEs的核心是将数据与方程相融合,并且几乎可以求解任何偏微分方程问题,由于其融合数据的优势,相较于传统算法,其计算效率通常提升数万倍.因此,本文全面综述了AI4PDEs的研究,总结了现有AI4PDEs算法、理论,并讨论了其在固体力学中的应用,包括正问题和反问题,展望了未来研究方向,尤其是必然会出现的计算力学大模型.现有AI4PDEs算法包括基于物理信息神经网络(physicsinformed neural network,PINNs)、深度能量法(deep energy methods,DEM)、算子学习(operator learning),以及基于物理神经网络算子(physics-informed neural operator,PINO).AI4PDEs在科学计算中有许多应用,本文聚焦于固体力学,正问题包括线弹性、弹塑性,超弹性、以及断裂力学;反问题包括材料参数,本构,缺陷的识别,以及拓朴优化.AI4PDEs代表了一种全新的科学模拟方法,通过利用大量数据在特定问题上提供近似解,然后根据具体的物理方程进行微调,避免了像传统算法那样从头开始计算,因此AI4PDEs是未来计算力学大模型的雏形,能够大大加速传统数值算法.我们相信,利用人工智能助力科学计算不仅仅是计算领域的未来重要方向,同时也是计算力学的未来,即是智能计算力学。
文摘In this paper, we shall be concerned with the numerical solution of parabolic equations in one space variable and the time variable t. We expand Taylor series to derive a higher-order approximation for U<sub>t</sub>. We begin with the simplest model problem, for heat conduction in a uniform medium. For this model problem, an explicit difference method is very straightforward in use, and the analysis of its error is easily accomplished by the use of a maximum principle. As we shall show, however, the numerical solution becomes unstable unless the time step is severely restricted, so we shall go on to consider other, more elaborate, numerical methods which can avoid such a restriction. The additional complication in the numerical calculation is more than offset by the smaller number of time steps needed. We then extend the methods to problems with more general boundary conditions, then to more general linear parabolic equations. Finally, we shall discuss the more difficult problem of the solution of nonlinear equations.
文摘针对三维激光标靶球定位模型中的系数矩阵存在随机元素和非随机元素以及考虑到观测向量与系数矩阵存在相关的情况,引入基于Partial EIV模型的相关观测加权总体最小二乘(Weighted Total Least Squares,WTLS)方法进行求解。模拟实验结果表明,在顾及观测向量与系数矩阵存在相关性时,基于Partial EIV模型的相关观测加权总体最小二乘方法解算的参数结果更加接近真值,且精度更高。进一步将该方法应用于实际案例数据中,结果表明,在实际计算时有必要考虑到观测向量与系数矩阵之间的相关性,以提高参数解算精度。本文可补充和完善三维激光扫描标靶球定位技术方法。
文摘By introducing noncanonical vortex pairs to partially coherent beams, spatial correlation singularity (SCS) and orbital angular momenta (OAM) of the resulting beams are studied using the Fraunhofer diffraction integral. The effect of noncanonical strength, off-axis distance and vortex sign on spatial correlation singularities in far field is stressed. Furthermore, far-field OAM spectra and densities are also investigated, and the OAM detection and crosstalk probabilities are discussed. The results show that the number of dislocations of SCS always equals the sum of absolute values of topological charges for canonical or noncanonical vortex pairs. Although the sum of the product of each OAM mode and its power weight equals the algebraic sum of topological charges for canonical vortex pairs, the relationship no longer holds in the noncanonical case except for opposite-charge vortex pairs. The changes of off-axis distance, noncanonical strength or coherence length can lead to a more dominant power in adjacent mode than that in center detection mode, which also indicates that crosstalk probabilities of adjacent modes exceed the center detection probability. This work may provide potential applications in OAM-based optical communication, imaging, sensing and computing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92152301)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4300200)the Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2023-ZDLGY-27).
文摘Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)have shown remarkable prospects in solving the forward and inverse problems involving partial differential equations(PDEs).The method embeds PDEs into the neural network by calculating the PDE loss at a set of collocation points,providing advantages such as meshfree and more convenient adaptive sampling.However,when solving PDEs using nonuniform collocation points,PINNs still face challenge regarding inefficient convergence of PDE residuals or even failure.In this work,we first analyze the ill-conditioning of the PDE loss in PINNs under nonuniform collocation points.To address the issue,we define volume weighting residual and propose volume weighting physics-informed neural networks(VW-PINNs).Through weighting the PDE residuals by the volume that the collocation points occupy within the computational domain,we embed explicitly the distribution characteristics of collocation points in the loss evaluation.The fast and sufficient convergence of the PDE residuals for the problems involving nonuniform collocation points is guaranteed.Considering the meshfree characteristics of VW-PINNs,we also develop a volume approximation algorithm based on kernel density estimation to calculate the volume of the collocation points.We validate the universality of VW-PINNs by solving the forward problems involving flow over a circular cylinder and flow over the NACA0012 airfoil under different inflow conditions,where conventional PINNs fail.By solving the Burgers’equation,we verify that VW-PINNs can enhance the efficiency of existing the adaptive sampling method in solving the forward problem by three times,and can reduce the relative L 2 error of conventional PINNs in solving the inverse problem by more than one order of magnitude.
文摘Liver regeneration(LR)following partial hepatectomy(PH)is a unique and complex physiological response that restores hepatic mass and function through tightly orchestrated cellular and molecular events.Traditionally viewed as a proliferation-driven process,LR is now understood to involve both hepatocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy,triggered primarily by hemodynamic alterations such as increased portal pressure and shear stress.These promote LR through endothelial–hepatocyte communication via activation of Piezo1-a mechanosensitive ion channel highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells.This channel is considered one of the potential upstream activators of molecular cascades including the interleukin(IL)-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,tumour necrosis factor-alpha/nuclear factor-kappa B,Wnt/β-catenin,Hippo/YAP,transforming growth factor-beta,and Notch pathways,which contribute variably to the proliferation,differentiation,or suppression of hepatic cells.Novel insights into the IL-22 and IL-33 signaling axes,bile acid and glutamine metabolism,and the role of intestinal microbiota are also presented as promising emerging targets.This review synthesizes current insights into the interplay between mechanical cues,key signaling pathways,and metabolic reprogramming that govern early regenerative responses.We explore the mechanisms dictating the balance between hyperplasia and hypertrophy,noting that hypertrophy predominates after minor resections,while proliferation is dominant in larger resections.Polyploidization emerges as a significant adaptive mechanism,contributing to hepatocyte survival and tissue remodeling.The importance of ductular reactions,microvascular adjustments,and extracellular matrix dynamics in lobular architecture remodeling is also highlighted.The study explores the occurrence of ductular reactions in both minor and major resections,particularly within the granulation tissue near dissection areas.The paper also examines structural remodeling in regenerated liver tissue,demonstrating ongoing transformations in hepatocyte morphology and sinusoidal architecture even months after PH,and emphasizing that the termination of liver mass regrowth does not equate to the cessation of LR.
