The ultrastructure of porcine kidney(PK)-15 cells was examined after lipofectamine-aided transfection of the molecular clone of the P1 agent.PK-15 cells transfected with the tandem dimer of the P1molecular DNA clone h...The ultrastructure of porcine kidney(PK)-15 cells was examined after lipofectamine-aided transfection of the molecular clone of the P1 agent.PK-15 cells transfected with the tandem dimer of the P1molecular DNA clone had numbers of intracytoplasmic inclusions,and a few cells had intranuclear inclusions.Intracytoplasmic inclusions were round to oval and 0.1-0.3μm in diameter,and intranuclear inclusions,which were more electron dense,were of two general types:the first were round and small(0.1μm approximately)and the second were hexagonal and larger(0.4-0.8μm in diameter).Cells transfected with the tandem dimer of the P1 molecular DNA clone tested positive for P1 DNA at passage 5.This is the first report that the P1 molecular clone has infectivity in vitro and it will provide fundamental materials for further study of the biological characterization of P1.展开更多
Paris polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis(Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.is a rhizomatous,herbaceous,perennial plant that has been used for more than a thousand years in traditional Chinese medicine.It is facing extinction due to o...Paris polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis(Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.is a rhizomatous,herbaceous,perennial plant that has been used for more than a thousand years in traditional Chinese medicine.It is facing extinction due to overharvesting.Steroids are the major therapeutic components in Paris roots,the commercial value of which increases with age.To date,no genomic data on the species have been available.In this study,transcriptome analysis of an 8-year-old root and a 4-year-old root provided insight into the metabolic pathways that generate the steroids.Using Illumina sequencing technology,we generated a high-quality sequence and demonstrated de novo assembly and annotation of genes in the absence of prior genome information.Approximately 87,577 unique sequences,with an average length of 614 bases,were obtained from the root cells.Using bioinformatics methods,we annotated approximately 65.51% of the unique sequences by conducting a similarity search with known genes in the National Center for Biotechnology Information's non-redundant database.The unique transcripts were functionally classified using the Gene Ontology hierarchy and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database.Of 3082 genes that were identified as significantly differentially expressed between roots of different ages,1518(49.25%) were upregulated and 1564(50.75%) were downregulated in the older root.Metabolic pathway analysis predicted that 25 unigenes were responsible for the biosynthesis of the saponins steroids.These data represent a valuable resource for future genomic studies on this endangered species and will be valuable for efforts to genetically engineer P.polyphylla and facilitate saponin-rich plant development.展开更多
Dear Editor,Noroviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to Caliciviridae and account for more than 50%of all acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks worldwide and cause an estimated 200,000 dea...Dear Editor,Noroviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to Caliciviridae and account for more than 50%of all acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks worldwide and cause an estimated 200,000 deaths per year among children\5 years of age, primarily in developing countries (Hall et al. 2012;Glass et al. 2009). The norovirus genome contains three open reading frames (ORFs).展开更多
P1B-type ATPase ion pumps that transport heavy metal ions across cellular membranes are essential for plant growth and development. To date, a genomic comparison overview of the family in rice, maize and sorghum is no...P1B-type ATPase ion pumps that transport heavy metal ions across cellular membranes are essential for plant growth and development. To date, a genomic comparison overview of the family in rice, maize and sorghum is not yet available. In this study, a total of 31 heavy metal P1B-type ATPase （HMA） genes were identified, including 9 in rice, 11 each from maize and sorghum. They were classified into two distinct subfamilies based on their sequence composition and phylogenetic relationship. Four pairs of HMA genes were expanded via gene duplication with tandemly duplicated. Comprehensive analyses were performed to investigate the expression profiles of HMA genes in various tissues by using quantitative real-time PCR. Some HMA members exhibited abundant and tissue-specific expression patterns. Moreover, most of the genes were found to be differentially expressed under the Cu/Cd treatment. This study will facilitate further studies on P1B-type ATPase family and provide valuable hints for the functional validation in rice, maize and sorghum.展开更多
Landscape structure is often regarded as an important factor that governs the distribution and abundance of species. Therefore it is critical to understand the landscapes and their dynamics. Patterns of landscape elem...Landscape structure is often regarded as an important factor that governs the distribution and abundance of species. Therefore it is critical to understand the landscapes and their dynamics. Patterns of landscape elements strongly influence the ecological characteristics. This study was designed to document and map the current status of the tropi-cal dry deciduous forest of the Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve （TATR）, Central India, （using IRS P6 LISS IV data） and to describe its landscape structure at three levels of organization viz. landscape, class, and patch. The study area was classified into 10 land cover classes that include 6 vegetation classes. The landscape structure was analyzed using FRAG-STATS using 12 set of indices. The TATR landscapes have a total of 2,307 patches with a mean patch size of 25.67 ha and patch density of 1.7 patches per km2. Amongst all land cover classes, mixed bamboo forest is dominant-it occupied maximum area （77.99%）-while riparian forest is least represented （0.32%）. Mixed forest has maximum number of patches among all vegetation classes. Results have shown that despite being dominant in the area, mixed bamboo forest has low patch density （0.25/100 ha）. Dominance of mixed bamboo forest is attributed to large patch sizes and not to the number of patches. This study has focussed on the approach of integrating satellite forest classification and forest inven-tory data for studying forest landscape patterns.展开更多
Enterovirus 71 （EV71） is a member of the Entero-virus genus of the Picomaviridae family and is the major cause of Hand, foot, and mouth disease （HFMD） in children. Different strains from Gansu were cloned and the ...Enterovirus 71 （EV71） is a member of the Entero-virus genus of the Picomaviridae family and is the major cause of Hand, foot, and mouth disease （HFMD） in children. Different strains from Gansu were cloned and the P1 protein was sequenced and analysed. Results indicate that there are three kinds of EV71 infections prevalent in Gansu. The VP 1 protein from one of these strains, 55F, was expressed. The recombinant protein was expressed with high level and reacted specifically with the EV71 patient antibody, the recombinant protein was also applied to raise antiserum in rabbits and after the fourth injection a high titer of antiserum was detected by ELISA assay. These data are useful for further clarification of prevalent EV71 strains in the north of China at the molecular level and provide a basis for EV71 diagnosis.展开更多
AIM To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with both node-negative gastric carcinoma and diagnosis of recurrence during follow-up.METHODS We enrolled 41 patients treated with curative gastrecto...AIM To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with both node-negative gastric carcinoma and diagnosis of recurrence during follow-up.METHODS We enrolled 41 patients treated with curative gastrectomy for p T2-4 a N0 gastric carcinoma between 1992 and 2010,who developed recurrence(Group 1).We retrospectively selected this group from the prospectively collected database of 4 centers belonging to the Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer,and compared them with 437 p T2-4 a N0 patients without recurrence(Group 2).We analyzed lymphatic embolization,microvascular infiltration,perineural infiltration,and immunohistochemical determination of p53,Ki67,and HER2 in Group 1 and in a subgroup of Group 2(Group 2 bis)of 41 cases matched with Group 1 according to demographic and pathological characteristics.RESULTS T4 a stage and diffuse histotype were associated with recurrence in the group of p N0 patients.In-depth pathological analysis of two homogenous groups of p N0 patients,with and without recurrence during longterm follow-up(groups 1 and 2 bis),revealed two striking patterns:lymphatic embolization and perineural infiltration(two parameters that pathologists can easily report),and p53 and Ki67,represent significant factors for recurrence.CONCLUSION The reported pathological features should be considered predictive factors for recurrence and could be useful to stratify node-negative gastric cancer patients for adjuvant treatment and tailored follow-up.展开更多
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a highly heterogeneous autoimmune disease with a high mortality rate.However,the cellular and molecular mechanisms of SSc remain unclear.Here,we identified the key hub genes and microRNAs (...Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a highly heterogeneous autoimmune disease with a high mortality rate.However,the cellular and molecular mechanisms of SSc remain unclear.Here,we identified the key hub genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) that modulate the occurrence and development of SSc.We downloaded the microarray dataset GSE95065 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and then analyzed the data by using GEO2R.The Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used for functional pathway enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs),and Cytoscape software was used to generate the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network.In addition,OmicsNet was used to predict the miRNAs for the hub genes of SSc.As a result,783 DEGs were identified,of which 770 genes (142 up-regulated genes and 628 down-regulated genes) were matched to the genes in SSc skin samples.Gene Ontology (GO) analyses by DAVID indicated that the up-regulated genes were mainly involved in immune response,and the down-regulated genes were greatly enriched in glycinergic synaptic transmission.In the PPI network,22 nodes were selected as key genes,including several members of the chemokine family.Furthermore,after uploading these key genes to the OmicsNet tool,we found that hsa-miR-26b-5p might target CXCL9 and CXCL13.Moreover,we demonstrated that the hsa-miR-26b-5p inhibitor might inhibit fibrosis in TGF-β-activated fibroblasts,which would be a promising target for SSc therapy.展开更多
Focused on finding out the relationship between passenger demands of P&R and its influencing factors, a nested-logit mode choice model was developed based on the characteristic of different modes and transfer rule...Focused on finding out the relationship between passenger demands of P&R and its influencing factors, a nested-logit mode choice model was developed based on the characteristic of different modes and transfer rules. The utility functions were given respectively according to the characteristic of each alternative. Passenger demands of different modes between O-D pairs were obtained by making use of the binary logit model. Then an equilibrium model for different modes was proposed. Under this condition, the approximate relationship between passenger demands of different modes and their characteristic indexes was modeled by the sensitivity analysis method. Shift volume among different modes was achieved by utilizing this model when their characteristic indexes were changed. A case study indicates that the model and algorithm presented in this paper are effective.展开更多
Taxol(Paclitaxel),an important anticancer drug,is derived at very low yields from Taxus(yew)species that grow very slowly.In the present study,thirteen genes that encode enzymes involved in Taxol biosynthesis in Taxus...Taxol(Paclitaxel),an important anticancer drug,is derived at very low yields from Taxus(yew)species that grow very slowly.In the present study,thirteen genes that encode enzymes involved in Taxol biosynthesis in Taxus spp.were analyzed with bioinformatics methods,and their expression levels in different tissues and after cold and hormone treatments were also analyzed.The results indicated that many cis-elements related to abiotic stresses and hormones were found in the promoter sequences of the 8 genes involved in Taxol biosynthesis.Moreover,the 13 enzymes encoded by the target genes were located in different organelles and had many phosphorylation sites in the response proteins.The 13 genes were expressed highly either in roots or in stems,with lower transcripts in needles,and they were highly expressed after treatment with cold,gibberellin,methyl jasmonate or coronatine,consistent with predictions based on the bioinformatics analysis.These results suggest that the factors such as hormones and abiotic stresses stimulate taxane biosynthesis in yews,providing an important way to sustainably generate taxanes from yew trees or their cell cultures to improve Taxol yields.展开更多
The temperature fields and the weld pool geometries for laser ＋ GMAW-P hybrid welding, laser welding and pulsed gas metal arc welding （GMAW-P） are numerically simulated in quasi-steady state by using the developed ...The temperature fields and the weld pool geometries for laser ＋ GMAW-P hybrid welding, laser welding and pulsed gas metal arc welding （GMAW-P） are numerically simulated in quasi-steady state by using the developed heat source models, respectively. The calculated weld cross-sectious of the three types of welding processes agree well with their respective measured results. Through comparison, it is found that the temperature distribution of laser＋GMAW-P hybrid welding possesses the advantages of those in both laser and GMAW-P welding processes so that the improvement of welding productivity and weld quality are ensured.展开更多
This paper presents the perturbation and observation (P & O) algorithm as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for the dynamical analysis of DC shunt motor fed by photovoltaic generator at different solar ir...This paper presents the perturbation and observation (P & O) algorithm as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for the dynamical analysis of DC shunt motor fed by photovoltaic generator at different solar irradiance levels. At each solar intensity, the maximum power point of current/voltage (I/V) characteristic of the PV generator is achieved by perturbation and observation algorithm. The nonlinear behavior of (I/V) characteristics of the PV generator at various solar intensities and the magnetization curve of the ferromagnetic material of the DC shunt motor are described by high order polynomial mathematical expression. The dynamical analysis of the DC shunt motor fed by PV generator at different solar intensity has been carried out, also the dynamical analysis of DC shunt motor is investigated at a step change in solar intensity levels with fixed load at motor.展开更多
The potential-pH diagram of Ni-P-H2O system is calculated and constructed by use of thermodynamic data. On the basis of the potential-pH diagram the electrochemical behaviors of electrodepositing Ni-Mo and Ni-Mo-P all...The potential-pH diagram of Ni-P-H2O system is calculated and constructed by use of thermodynamic data. On the basis of the potential-pH diagram the electrochemical behaviors of electrodepositing Ni-Mo and Ni-Mo-P alloys are analyzed. The phases of Ni-Mo and Ni-Mo-P coatings are identified by means of X-ray diffraction analysis. The thermodynamic analysis shows that it is difficult to deposit Mo or P individually from its aqueous solution, and they must be co-deposited with other metals by induced deposition; P and Ni can be deposited as compound Ni3P on the cathode; Mo is deposited in two forms: one is in the form of MoO3 solid particles and the other is in the form of compound MoC. X-ray diffraction analysis is in agreement with the thermodynamic analysis.展开更多
Introduction: Atrial arrhythmias in patients with sarcoidosis (Sar) are not unusual and can occur due to either atrial myocardial fibrosis and/or due to autonomic nervous system imbalance. Electrocardiographic markers...Introduction: Atrial arrhythmias in patients with sarcoidosis (Sar) are not unusual and can occur due to either atrial myocardial fibrosis and/or due to autonomic nervous system imbalance. Electrocardiographic markers (ECG), like maximum and minimum P wave duration and P wave dispersion {Pdis = Pmax?﹣Pmin} reflect atrial depolarization inhomogeneity and can indicate patients prone to develop atrial arrhythmias while standard deviation of RR interval (SDNN) is an index of heart rate variability, reflecting autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Methods: 90 patients with sarcoidosis (41 males/49 females) enrolled in this multicenter prospective study underwent digital electrocardiography, echocardiography and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Diastolic and systolic indices of right and left ventricle were measured echocardiographically including Doppler parameters while Pmax, Pmin, Pdis and SDNN were measured in a 5-minute duration digital electrocardiogram. All consecutive patients were compared to 65 healthy volunteers (30 males/35 females). Results: Although heart rate and the echocardiographic indices were similar among the two groups, the electrocardiographic indices were significantly prolonged in the patient group compared to controls. Maximum P wave duration was correlated with SDNN (p dis was correlated with SDNN (p max and Pdis were independently correlated with SDNN. Conclusion: P wave dispersion is significantly increased in patients with systemic sarcoidosis compared to healthy persons while maximum P wave duration and P wave dispersion are negatively correlated with the standard deviation of RR, an index of heart rate variability implying imbalance of ANS function. Further studies are needed for the clarification of the significance of this correlation.展开更多
Hypsizygus marmoreus is one of the most important edible fungi in Basidiomycete division and includes white and gray strains.However,very limited knowledge is known about the genomic structures and the genetic basis f...Hypsizygus marmoreus is one of the most important edible fungi in Basidiomycete division and includes white and gray strains.However,very limited knowledge is known about the genomic structures and the genetic basis for the white/gray diversity of this mushroom.Here,we report the near-complete high-quality H.marmoreus genome at the chromosomal level.Comparative genomics analysis indicates that chromosome structures were relatively conserved,and variations in collinearity and chromosome number were mainly attributed by chromosome split/fusion events in Aragicales,whereas the fungi genome experienced many genomic chromosome fracture,fusion,and genomic replication events after the split of Aragicales from Basidiomycetes.Resequencing of 57 strains allows us to classify the population into four major groups and associate genetic variations with morphological features,indicating that white strains were not originated independently.We further generated genetic populations and identified a cytochrome P450 as the candidate causal gene for the melanogenesis in H.marmoreus based on bulked segregant analysis(BSA)and comparative transcriptome analysis.The high-quality H.marmoreus genome and diversity data compiled in this study provide new knowledge and resources for the molecular breeding of H.marmoreus as well as the evolution of Basidiomycete.展开更多
An algorithm （differential mode） is presented for the improvement of harmonic tidal analysis along T/P tracks, in which the differences between the observed sea surface heights at adjacent points are taken as observ...An algorithm （differential mode） is presented for the improvement of harmonic tidal analysis along T/P tracks, in which the differences between the observed sea surface heights at adjacent points are taken as observations. Also, the observation equations are constrained with the results of the crossover analysis; the parameter estimations are performed at 0.1° latitude intervals by the least squares. Cycle 10 to 330 T/P altimeter data covering the China Sea and the Northwest Pacific Ocean （2°-50° N,105°-150° E） are adopted for a refined along-track harmonic tidal analysis, and harmonic constants of 12 constituents in 8 474 points are obtained, which indicates that the algorithm can efficiently remove non-tidal effects in the altimeter observations, and improve the precision of tide parameters. Moreover, parameters along altimetry tracks represent a smoother distribution than those obtained by traditional algorithms. The root mean squares of the fitting errors between the tidal height model and the observations reduce from 11 cm to 1.3 cm.展开更多
Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are the most frequent genetic alterations detected in human lung cancer. To assess the pathogenic significance of p53 gene alterations in Chinese non small cell lung cancer(...Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are the most frequent genetic alterations detected in human lung cancer. To assess the pathogenic significance of p53 gene alterations in Chinese non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),74 paired samples of primary lung cancer and normal lung tissue far away from the cancer were analyzed for mutations of the p53 gene(exons 5 8) using exon specific PCR, single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR SSCP). p53 mutations were observed in 55 4%(41/74) of the samples. No linkages were detected between the incidence of p53 mutations and histological type, lymph node metastasis,age or sex. Significant association between p53 mutations and degree of differentiation in adenocarcinomas, not in squamous cell carcinomas, was observed. The frequency of p53 mutations in smokers(65 3%) was higher than in nonsmokers(33 3%) and reached statistical significance.We also found p53 mutations in 6/7 samples which had tissue invasion and distant metastasis.These results suggest that smoking could be an important factor in lung carcinogenesis,p53 mutation is a worse prognosis indicator in adenocarcinomas and related to high aggressive behavior of human lung cancer.展开更多
Mental retardation is defined by significant limitations in intellectual function and adaptive behavior that occur before 18 years of age.Many chromosomal diseases come with mental retardation.We reported two Chinese ...Mental retardation is defined by significant limitations in intellectual function and adaptive behavior that occur before 18 years of age.Many chromosomal diseases come with mental retardation.We reported two Chinese families with partial trisomy 9p and other chromosome partial monosomy,clinical features of mental retardation and mild facial and pinkie anomalies.In the family 1,we showed that the proband carried a trisomy 9p21.3→pter and monosomy 21q22.3→qter by using fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis.Molecular genetic analysis defined the precise breakpoint on chromosome 9p between markers D9S1846 and D9S171,an interval of about 2.9 Mb on 9p21.3,and the breakpoint on chromosome 21q between markers D21S1897 and D21S1446,a region of about 1.5 Mb on 21q22.3.In the family 2,a patient with trisomy 9p21.3→pter and monosomy 5p15.33→pter,and a de novo maternal balanced translocation between chromosomes 5 and 9 was identified in his mother.Cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis defined the precise breakpoints on chromosome 9p21.3 and chromosome 5p15.33.Further clinical investigation found that any individual had no refractoriness eczema disease except the proband in this family.These results further implicate that trisomy 9p is associated with mental retardation,and that there may be key gene duplication on chromosome 9p21.3→9pter responsible for mental retardation and mild facial anomaly.This result has been applied successfully in prenatal diagnosis of the second family.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the structural features of human P2X7R protein,meanwhile homology,protein-protein interaction,and cell epitope were predicted to provide theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of relate...Objective:To analyze the structural features of human P2X7R protein,meanwhile homology,protein-protein interaction,and cell epitope were predicted to provide theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.Methods:Human P2X7R protein was analyzed and predicted by ProtParam、TMHMM、ProtScale and SignalP 5.0 Server et al.Results:Human P2X7R protein is composed of 595 amino acids,the molecular formula is C 3077 H 4749 N 835 O 871 S 40,with the theoretical isoelectric point PI of 8.62,the instability coefficient is 46.07,the total average hydrophilicity is-0.317,and the protein is an hydrophilic protein instead of secreted protein,no any signal peptide,but transmembrane region is contained,which belong to transmembrane protein.There are 157αhelices and 288 random coils in the secondary structure of human P2X7R protein,accounting for 26.39%and 48.40%of all amino acids,The coverage rate of the three-level structure prediction results is 100%,and the sequence consistency is 80.34%,and the ramachandran plot show that the predicted structure is relatively stability.The interaction of proteins show that there are a variety of proteins interacting with human P2X7R,and P2X7R was closely related to inflammation;this protein had many B and T cell epitopes,which could provide ideas for vaccine development.Conclusion:The results indicate that the analysis of human P2X7R protein that is based on bioinformatics method has certain reliability.P2X7R is involved in the development of inflammatory diseases,and the antigenic epitope of B,Th and CTL cells screened out by prediction will provide the treatment scheme for diseases.展开更多
A web browser is the most basic tool for accessing the internet from any of the machines/equipment.Recently,data breaches have been reported frequently from users who are concerned about their personal information,as ...A web browser is the most basic tool for accessing the internet from any of the machines/equipment.Recently,data breaches have been reported frequently from users who are concerned about their personal information,as well as threats from criminal actors.Giving loss of data and information to an innocent user comes under the jurisdiction of cyber-attack.These kinds of cyber-attacks are far more dangerous when it comes to the many types of devices employed in an internet of things(IoT)environment.Continuous surveillance of IoT devices and forensic tools are required to overcome the issues pertaining to secure data and assets.Peer to peer(P2P)applications have been utilized for criminal operations on the web.Therefore,it is a challenge for a forensic investigator to perform forensic analysis of the evolving hardware and software platforms for IoT.For identity concealment and privacy protection,the Onion Router(Tor)and Chrome with the Invisible Internet Project(I2P)as the foundation browser are often used.Confirmation is required to determine whether Tor is truly anonymous and private as they claim.Some people,on the other hand,utilize the Tor browser for evil reasons.Tools and techniques are available for the collection of artifacts,identifying problem areas,further processing and analysis of data on the computer and IoT.Present research tried to explore a few tools for the tracing of I2P activities over computer on windows 10 that reflects IoT devices.According to the results of this research,it leaves an excessive amount of important digital evidence on the operating system that can be exploited to attack the information of users.This research is based on windows operating system and does not support other operating systems.展开更多
基金supported by the State Key Basic Research Project(973 project)of China(Grant No.2007CB116308)Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.5910602)Postdoctoral Funds of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(Grant No.6510501)
文摘The ultrastructure of porcine kidney(PK)-15 cells was examined after lipofectamine-aided transfection of the molecular clone of the P1 agent.PK-15 cells transfected with the tandem dimer of the P1molecular DNA clone had numbers of intracytoplasmic inclusions,and a few cells had intranuclear inclusions.Intracytoplasmic inclusions were round to oval and 0.1-0.3μm in diameter,and intranuclear inclusions,which were more electron dense,were of two general types:the first were round and small(0.1μm approximately)and the second were hexagonal and larger(0.4-0.8μm in diameter).Cells transfected with the tandem dimer of the P1 molecular DNA clone tested positive for P1 DNA at passage 5.This is the first report that the P1 molecular clone has infectivity in vitro and it will provide fundamental materials for further study of the biological characterization of P1.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81473310,31260075,31560085)
文摘Paris polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis(Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.is a rhizomatous,herbaceous,perennial plant that has been used for more than a thousand years in traditional Chinese medicine.It is facing extinction due to overharvesting.Steroids are the major therapeutic components in Paris roots,the commercial value of which increases with age.To date,no genomic data on the species have been available.In this study,transcriptome analysis of an 8-year-old root and a 4-year-old root provided insight into the metabolic pathways that generate the steroids.Using Illumina sequencing technology,we generated a high-quality sequence and demonstrated de novo assembly and annotation of genes in the absence of prior genome information.Approximately 87,577 unique sequences,with an average length of 614 bases,were obtained from the root cells.Using bioinformatics methods,we annotated approximately 65.51% of the unique sequences by conducting a similarity search with known genes in the National Center for Biotechnology Information's non-redundant database.The unique transcripts were functionally classified using the Gene Ontology hierarchy and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database.Of 3082 genes that were identified as significantly differentially expressed between roots of different ages,1518(49.25%) were upregulated and 1564(50.75%) were downregulated in the older root.Metabolic pathway analysis predicted that 25 unigenes were responsible for the biosynthesis of the saponins steroids.These data represent a valuable resource for future genomic studies on this endangered species and will be valuable for efforts to genetically engineer P.polyphylla and facilitate saponin-rich plant development.
基金supported by the Special National Project on Research and Development of Key Biosafety Technologies (2016YFC1201900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31500139)
文摘Dear Editor,Noroviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to Caliciviridae and account for more than 50%of all acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks worldwide and cause an estimated 200,000 deaths per year among children\5 years of age, primarily in developing countries (Hall et al. 2012;Glass et al. 2009). The norovirus genome contains three open reading frames (ORFs).
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(Grant No.201403015)
文摘P1B-type ATPase ion pumps that transport heavy metal ions across cellular membranes are essential for plant growth and development. To date, a genomic comparison overview of the family in rice, maize and sorghum is not yet available. In this study, a total of 31 heavy metal P1B-type ATPase （HMA） genes were identified, including 9 in rice, 11 each from maize and sorghum. They were classified into two distinct subfamilies based on their sequence composition and phylogenetic relationship. Four pairs of HMA genes were expanded via gene duplication with tandemly duplicated. Comprehensive analyses were performed to investigate the expression profiles of HMA genes in various tissues by using quantitative real-time PCR. Some HMA members exhibited abundant and tissue-specific expression patterns. Moreover, most of the genes were found to be differentially expressed under the Cu/Cd treatment. This study will facilitate further studies on P1B-type ATPase family and provide valuable hints for the functional validation in rice, maize and sorghum.
基金National Natural Resource Management System(NNRMS)and Ministry of Environment and Forests(MoEF),Government of India for funding the project"Mapping of National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries"
文摘Landscape structure is often regarded as an important factor that governs the distribution and abundance of species. Therefore it is critical to understand the landscapes and their dynamics. Patterns of landscape elements strongly influence the ecological characteristics. This study was designed to document and map the current status of the tropi-cal dry deciduous forest of the Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve （TATR）, Central India, （using IRS P6 LISS IV data） and to describe its landscape structure at three levels of organization viz. landscape, class, and patch. The study area was classified into 10 land cover classes that include 6 vegetation classes. The landscape structure was analyzed using FRAG-STATS using 12 set of indices. The TATR landscapes have a total of 2,307 patches with a mean patch size of 25.67 ha and patch density of 1.7 patches per km2. Amongst all land cover classes, mixed bamboo forest is dominant-it occupied maximum area （77.99%）-while riparian forest is least represented （0.32%）. Mixed forest has maximum number of patches among all vegetation classes. Results have shown that despite being dominant in the area, mixed bamboo forest has low patch density （0.25/100 ha）. Dominance of mixed bamboo forest is attributed to large patch sizes and not to the number of patches. This study has focussed on the approach of integrating satellite forest classification and forest inven-tory data for studying forest landscape patterns.
文摘Enterovirus 71 （EV71） is a member of the Entero-virus genus of the Picomaviridae family and is the major cause of Hand, foot, and mouth disease （HFMD） in children. Different strains from Gansu were cloned and the P1 protein was sequenced and analysed. Results indicate that there are three kinds of EV71 infections prevalent in Gansu. The VP 1 protein from one of these strains, 55F, was expressed. The recombinant protein was expressed with high level and reacted specifically with the EV71 patient antibody, the recombinant protein was also applied to raise antiserum in rabbits and after the fourth injection a high titer of antiserum was detected by ELISA assay. These data are useful for further clarification of prevalent EV71 strains in the north of China at the molecular level and provide a basis for EV71 diagnosis.
文摘AIM To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with both node-negative gastric carcinoma and diagnosis of recurrence during follow-up.METHODS We enrolled 41 patients treated with curative gastrectomy for p T2-4 a N0 gastric carcinoma between 1992 and 2010,who developed recurrence(Group 1).We retrospectively selected this group from the prospectively collected database of 4 centers belonging to the Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer,and compared them with 437 p T2-4 a N0 patients without recurrence(Group 2).We analyzed lymphatic embolization,microvascular infiltration,perineural infiltration,and immunohistochemical determination of p53,Ki67,and HER2 in Group 1 and in a subgroup of Group 2(Group 2 bis)of 41 cases matched with Group 1 according to demographic and pathological characteristics.RESULTS T4 a stage and diffuse histotype were associated with recurrence in the group of p N0 patients.In-depth pathological analysis of two homogenous groups of p N0 patients,with and without recurrence during longterm follow-up(groups 1 and 2 bis),revealed two striking patterns:lymphatic embolization and perineural infiltration(two parameters that pathologists can easily report),and p53 and Ki67,represent significant factors for recurrence.CONCLUSION The reported pathological features should be considered predictive factors for recurrence and could be useful to stratify node-negative gastric cancer patients for adjuvant treatment and tailored follow-up.
基金This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81472886).
文摘Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a highly heterogeneous autoimmune disease with a high mortality rate.However,the cellular and molecular mechanisms of SSc remain unclear.Here,we identified the key hub genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) that modulate the occurrence and development of SSc.We downloaded the microarray dataset GSE95065 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and then analyzed the data by using GEO2R.The Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used for functional pathway enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs),and Cytoscape software was used to generate the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network.In addition,OmicsNet was used to predict the miRNAs for the hub genes of SSc.As a result,783 DEGs were identified,of which 770 genes (142 up-regulated genes and 628 down-regulated genes) were matched to the genes in SSc skin samples.Gene Ontology (GO) analyses by DAVID indicated that the up-regulated genes were mainly involved in immune response,and the down-regulated genes were greatly enriched in glycinergic synaptic transmission.In the PPI network,22 nodes were selected as key genes,including several members of the chemokine family.Furthermore,after uploading these key genes to the OmicsNet tool,we found that hsa-miR-26b-5p might target CXCL9 and CXCL13.Moreover,we demonstrated that the hsa-miR-26b-5p inhibitor might inhibit fibrosis in TGF-β-activated fibroblasts,which would be a promising target for SSc therapy.
基金Sponsored by the National Project from Ministry of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.2006BAJ18B03)
文摘Focused on finding out the relationship between passenger demands of P&R and its influencing factors, a nested-logit mode choice model was developed based on the characteristic of different modes and transfer rules. The utility functions were given respectively according to the characteristic of each alternative. Passenger demands of different modes between O-D pairs were obtained by making use of the binary logit model. Then an equilibrium model for different modes was proposed. Under this condition, the approximate relationship between passenger demands of different modes and their characteristic indexes was modeled by the sensitivity analysis method. Shift volume among different modes was achieved by utilizing this model when their characteristic indexes were changed. A case study indicates that the model and algorithm presented in this paper are effective.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31570675)a Grant from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD060070605)a Grant for National non-profit Research Institutions of Chinese Academy of Forestry(CAFYBB2018SY009).
文摘Taxol(Paclitaxel),an important anticancer drug,is derived at very low yields from Taxus(yew)species that grow very slowly.In the present study,thirteen genes that encode enzymes involved in Taxol biosynthesis in Taxus spp.were analyzed with bioinformatics methods,and their expression levels in different tissues and after cold and hormone treatments were also analyzed.The results indicated that many cis-elements related to abiotic stresses and hormones were found in the promoter sequences of the 8 genes involved in Taxol biosynthesis.Moreover,the 13 enzymes encoded by the target genes were located in different organelles and had many phosphorylation sites in the response proteins.The 13 genes were expressed highly either in roots or in stems,with lower transcripts in needles,and they were highly expressed after treatment with cold,gibberellin,methyl jasmonate or coronatine,consistent with predictions based on the bioinformatics analysis.These results suggest that the factors such as hormones and abiotic stresses stimulate taxane biosynthesis in yews,providing an important way to sustainably generate taxanes from yew trees or their cell cultures to improve Taxol yields.
基金The authors are grateful to the financial support for this research from the National Key Technologies R＆D program of China under Grant No. 2006BAF04B10, and The key project of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province under Grant No. ZJG0601.
文摘The temperature fields and the weld pool geometries for laser ＋ GMAW-P hybrid welding, laser welding and pulsed gas metal arc welding （GMAW-P） are numerically simulated in quasi-steady state by using the developed heat source models, respectively. The calculated weld cross-sectious of the three types of welding processes agree well with their respective measured results. Through comparison, it is found that the temperature distribution of laser＋GMAW-P hybrid welding possesses the advantages of those in both laser and GMAW-P welding processes so that the improvement of welding productivity and weld quality are ensured.
文摘This paper presents the perturbation and observation (P & O) algorithm as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for the dynamical analysis of DC shunt motor fed by photovoltaic generator at different solar irradiance levels. At each solar intensity, the maximum power point of current/voltage (I/V) characteristic of the PV generator is achieved by perturbation and observation algorithm. The nonlinear behavior of (I/V) characteristics of the PV generator at various solar intensities and the magnetization curve of the ferromagnetic material of the DC shunt motor are described by high order polynomial mathematical expression. The dynamical analysis of the DC shunt motor fed by PV generator at different solar intensity has been carried out, also the dynamical analysis of DC shunt motor is investigated at a step change in solar intensity levels with fixed load at motor.
文摘The potential-pH diagram of Ni-P-H2O system is calculated and constructed by use of thermodynamic data. On the basis of the potential-pH diagram the electrochemical behaviors of electrodepositing Ni-Mo and Ni-Mo-P alloys are analyzed. The phases of Ni-Mo and Ni-Mo-P coatings are identified by means of X-ray diffraction analysis. The thermodynamic analysis shows that it is difficult to deposit Mo or P individually from its aqueous solution, and they must be co-deposited with other metals by induced deposition; P and Ni can be deposited as compound Ni3P on the cathode; Mo is deposited in two forms: one is in the form of MoO3 solid particles and the other is in the form of compound MoC. X-ray diffraction analysis is in agreement with the thermodynamic analysis.
文摘Introduction: Atrial arrhythmias in patients with sarcoidosis (Sar) are not unusual and can occur due to either atrial myocardial fibrosis and/or due to autonomic nervous system imbalance. Electrocardiographic markers (ECG), like maximum and minimum P wave duration and P wave dispersion {Pdis = Pmax?﹣Pmin} reflect atrial depolarization inhomogeneity and can indicate patients prone to develop atrial arrhythmias while standard deviation of RR interval (SDNN) is an index of heart rate variability, reflecting autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Methods: 90 patients with sarcoidosis (41 males/49 females) enrolled in this multicenter prospective study underwent digital electrocardiography, echocardiography and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Diastolic and systolic indices of right and left ventricle were measured echocardiographically including Doppler parameters while Pmax, Pmin, Pdis and SDNN were measured in a 5-minute duration digital electrocardiogram. All consecutive patients were compared to 65 healthy volunteers (30 males/35 females). Results: Although heart rate and the echocardiographic indices were similar among the two groups, the electrocardiographic indices were significantly prolonged in the patient group compared to controls. Maximum P wave duration was correlated with SDNN (p dis was correlated with SDNN (p max and Pdis were independently correlated with SDNN. Conclusion: P wave dispersion is significantly increased in patients with systemic sarcoidosis compared to healthy persons while maximum P wave duration and P wave dispersion are negatively correlated with the standard deviation of RR, an index of heart rate variability implying imbalance of ANS function. Further studies are needed for the clarification of the significance of this correlation.
基金supported by program for Seed Innovation and Industrialization in Fujian Province-Breeding and Industrialization of Major Edible Fungithe Science and Technology Major Project of Fujian Province(2016NZ0001)+1 种基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian Province(KLa17073A)agricultural technology extension service system for Edible fungus industry in Fujian,China(KNJ-153011-1)。
文摘Hypsizygus marmoreus is one of the most important edible fungi in Basidiomycete division and includes white and gray strains.However,very limited knowledge is known about the genomic structures and the genetic basis for the white/gray diversity of this mushroom.Here,we report the near-complete high-quality H.marmoreus genome at the chromosomal level.Comparative genomics analysis indicates that chromosome structures were relatively conserved,and variations in collinearity and chromosome number were mainly attributed by chromosome split/fusion events in Aragicales,whereas the fungi genome experienced many genomic chromosome fracture,fusion,and genomic replication events after the split of Aragicales from Basidiomycetes.Resequencing of 57 strains allows us to classify the population into four major groups and associate genetic variations with morphological features,indicating that white strains were not originated independently.We further generated genetic populations and identified a cytochrome P450 as the candidate causal gene for the melanogenesis in H.marmoreus based on bulked segregant analysis(BSA)and comparative transcriptome analysis.The high-quality H.marmoreus genome and diversity data compiled in this study provide new knowledge and resources for the molecular breeding of H.marmoreus as well as the evolution of Basidiomycete.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 40671161） and the Open Research Fund Program of the Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, China（No.1469990324233-03-04）.
文摘An algorithm （differential mode） is presented for the improvement of harmonic tidal analysis along T/P tracks, in which the differences between the observed sea surface heights at adjacent points are taken as observations. Also, the observation equations are constrained with the results of the crossover analysis; the parameter estimations are performed at 0.1° latitude intervals by the least squares. Cycle 10 to 330 T/P altimeter data covering the China Sea and the Northwest Pacific Ocean （2°-50° N,105°-150° E） are adopted for a refined along-track harmonic tidal analysis, and harmonic constants of 12 constituents in 8 474 points are obtained, which indicates that the algorithm can efficiently remove non-tidal effects in the altimeter observations, and improve the precision of tide parameters. Moreover, parameters along altimetry tracks represent a smoother distribution than those obtained by traditional algorithms. The root mean squares of the fitting errors between the tidal height model and the observations reduce from 11 cm to 1.3 cm.
文摘Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are the most frequent genetic alterations detected in human lung cancer. To assess the pathogenic significance of p53 gene alterations in Chinese non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),74 paired samples of primary lung cancer and normal lung tissue far away from the cancer were analyzed for mutations of the p53 gene(exons 5 8) using exon specific PCR, single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR SSCP). p53 mutations were observed in 55 4%(41/74) of the samples. No linkages were detected between the incidence of p53 mutations and histological type, lymph node metastasis,age or sex. Significant association between p53 mutations and degree of differentiation in adenocarcinomas, not in squamous cell carcinomas, was observed. The frequency of p53 mutations in smokers(65 3%) was higher than in nonsmokers(33 3%) and reached statistical significance.We also found p53 mutations in 6/7 samples which had tissue invasion and distant metastasis.These results suggest that smoking could be an important factor in lung carcinogenesis,p53 mutation is a worse prognosis indicator in adenocarcinomas and related to high aggressive behavior of human lung cancer.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [No. 30670736 and No.30972655 (J.Y.L.)]
文摘Mental retardation is defined by significant limitations in intellectual function and adaptive behavior that occur before 18 years of age.Many chromosomal diseases come with mental retardation.We reported two Chinese families with partial trisomy 9p and other chromosome partial monosomy,clinical features of mental retardation and mild facial and pinkie anomalies.In the family 1,we showed that the proband carried a trisomy 9p21.3→pter and monosomy 21q22.3→qter by using fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis.Molecular genetic analysis defined the precise breakpoint on chromosome 9p between markers D9S1846 and D9S171,an interval of about 2.9 Mb on 9p21.3,and the breakpoint on chromosome 21q between markers D21S1897 and D21S1446,a region of about 1.5 Mb on 21q22.3.In the family 2,a patient with trisomy 9p21.3→pter and monosomy 5p15.33→pter,and a de novo maternal balanced translocation between chromosomes 5 and 9 was identified in his mother.Cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis defined the precise breakpoints on chromosome 9p21.3 and chromosome 5p15.33.Further clinical investigation found that any individual had no refractoriness eczema disease except the proband in this family.These results further implicate that trisomy 9p is associated with mental retardation,and that there may be key gene duplication on chromosome 9p21.3→9pter responsible for mental retardation and mild facial anomaly.This result has been applied successfully in prenatal diagnosis of the second family.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81770915,81301737)。
文摘Objective:To analyze the structural features of human P2X7R protein,meanwhile homology,protein-protein interaction,and cell epitope were predicted to provide theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.Methods:Human P2X7R protein was analyzed and predicted by ProtParam、TMHMM、ProtScale and SignalP 5.0 Server et al.Results:Human P2X7R protein is composed of 595 amino acids,the molecular formula is C 3077 H 4749 N 835 O 871 S 40,with the theoretical isoelectric point PI of 8.62,the instability coefficient is 46.07,the total average hydrophilicity is-0.317,and the protein is an hydrophilic protein instead of secreted protein,no any signal peptide,but transmembrane region is contained,which belong to transmembrane protein.There are 157αhelices and 288 random coils in the secondary structure of human P2X7R protein,accounting for 26.39%and 48.40%of all amino acids,The coverage rate of the three-level structure prediction results is 100%,and the sequence consistency is 80.34%,and the ramachandran plot show that the predicted structure is relatively stability.The interaction of proteins show that there are a variety of proteins interacting with human P2X7R,and P2X7R was closely related to inflammation;this protein had many B and T cell epitopes,which could provide ideas for vaccine development.Conclusion:The results indicate that the analysis of human P2X7R protein that is based on bioinformatics method has certain reliability.P2X7R is involved in the development of inflammatory diseases,and the antigenic epitope of B,Th and CTL cells screened out by prediction will provide the treatment scheme for diseases.
基金supported by Yayasan Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Grant Scheme015LC0029 and 015LC0277.
文摘A web browser is the most basic tool for accessing the internet from any of the machines/equipment.Recently,data breaches have been reported frequently from users who are concerned about their personal information,as well as threats from criminal actors.Giving loss of data and information to an innocent user comes under the jurisdiction of cyber-attack.These kinds of cyber-attacks are far more dangerous when it comes to the many types of devices employed in an internet of things(IoT)environment.Continuous surveillance of IoT devices and forensic tools are required to overcome the issues pertaining to secure data and assets.Peer to peer(P2P)applications have been utilized for criminal operations on the web.Therefore,it is a challenge for a forensic investigator to perform forensic analysis of the evolving hardware and software platforms for IoT.For identity concealment and privacy protection,the Onion Router(Tor)and Chrome with the Invisible Internet Project(I2P)as the foundation browser are often used.Confirmation is required to determine whether Tor is truly anonymous and private as they claim.Some people,on the other hand,utilize the Tor browser for evil reasons.Tools and techniques are available for the collection of artifacts,identifying problem areas,further processing and analysis of data on the computer and IoT.Present research tried to explore a few tools for the tracing of I2P activities over computer on windows 10 that reflects IoT devices.According to the results of this research,it leaves an excessive amount of important digital evidence on the operating system that can be exploited to attack the information of users.This research is based on windows operating system and does not support other operating systems.
