The concentrations and distribution of polychlorinated naphthalenes（PCNs） in the whole blood of eight typical terrestrial meat animals（chicken, duck, rabbit, pig, cattle, sheep,horse and donkey） consumed daily in ...The concentrations and distribution of polychlorinated naphthalenes（PCNs） in the whole blood of eight typical terrestrial meat animals（chicken, duck, rabbit, pig, cattle, sheep,horse and donkey） consumed daily in our life were investigated. The total concentrations（on a liquid volume basis） of PCNs were in a range from 305 to 987 pg/L. Donkey blood contained the highest PCN concentrations. Mono-CNs were the dominant homolog group,accounting for 38%–71% PCNs. Apart from the mono-CNs and tri-CNs homolog groups, two hepta-CNs（mean： 9.5%） contributed most, followed by tetra-CNs（mean： 6.5%）. The congeners CN1, 5/7, 24/14, 27/30, 52/60, 66/67, and 73 were the most abundant congeners or congener groups. The highest toxicity equivalencies（TEQs） were observed in cattle blood（117.4 fg TEQ/L） then chicken blood（117.1 fg TEQ/L）. CN73 contributed 65% to total TEQs,followed by CN70（20%） and CN66/67（14%）. The dietary intakes of PCNs were also estimated.Chicken meat, which forms the second largest component of meat product consumption in China, contributed most to the total TEQs（61%）, followed by beef（27%） and pork（5.9%）. The consumption of chicken might pose the highest risk from exposure to PCNs than other types of meat to populations who prefer to eat chicken meat.展开更多
The concentrations and congener profiles of poly- chlorinated naphthalenes （PCNs） in surface sediment samples collected from the Yangtze and Yellow River Estuaries were inves- tigated. PCN congeners （from MoCNs to ...The concentrations and congener profiles of poly- chlorinated naphthalenes （PCNs） in surface sediment samples collected from the Yangtze and Yellow River Estuaries were inves- tigated. PCN congeners （from MoCNs to OCN） were determined by isotope dilution/high-resolution gas chromatography/high- resolution mass spectrometry （HRGC-HRMS）. The total concen- trations of PCNs were 34.3-303.0 pg/g （dry weight, dw） in the Yangtze Estuary samples and 6.2-408.0 pg/g （dw） in the Yellow River Estuary samples, which were lower compared with that in other sediments reported by previous studies. In addition, the re- markably different homologue or congener profiles of PCNs have been obtained in this study. Samples dominated with MoCNs to TrCNs might be attributed to atmospheric deposition and global fractionation, while in other samples taken from the surrounding industrial areas the enrichment of higher chlorinated homologues suggested that the industrial and human activities should be the main potential sources.展开更多
Polychlorinated naphthalenes(PCNs)are detrimental to human health and the environment.With the commercial production of PCNs banned,unintentional releases have emerged as a significant environmental source.However,rel...Polychlorinated naphthalenes(PCNs)are detrimental to human health and the environment.With the commercial production of PCNs banned,unintentional releases have emerged as a significant environmental source.However,relevant information is still scarce.In this study,provincial emissions for eight PCNs homologues from 37 sources in the Chinese mainland during the period of 1960-2019 were estimated based on a source-specific and time-varying emission factor database.The results showed that the total PCNs emissions in 2019 reached 757.0 kg with Hebei ranked at the top among all the provinces and iron&steel industry as the biggest source.Low-chlorinated PCNs comprised 90%of emissions by mass,while highly chlorinated PCNs dominated in terms of toxicity,highlighting divergent priorities for mitigating emissions and safeguarding human health.The emissions showed an overall upward trend from 1960 to 2019 driven by emission increase from iron&steel industry in terms of source,and from North China and East China in terms of geographic area.Per-capita emissions followed an inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curvewhile emission intensities decreased with increasing per-capita Gross Domestic Product(GDP)following a nearly linear pattern when log-transformed.展开更多
Thirty-one congeners of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and 21 congeners of polybrominated diphenylethers(PBDEs)in surface sediments at 5 stations and one mussel sample from Qingdao coastal waters were analyzed. T...Thirty-one congeners of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and 21 congeners of polybrominated diphenylethers(PBDEs)in surface sediments at 5 stations and one mussel sample from Qingdao coastal waters were analyzed. The maximum contents occur at the station near the Haibo River mouth. The total PCNs contents are in the range of 212-1209 pg/g dw, dominated by tri-Cl CN. The total PBDEs contents are in the range of 117-5510 pg/g dw,dominated by tri- to hexa-BrBDEs. The local sources of PCNs are likely from combustion processes such as incinerations and coal burnings. The sources of PBDEs are molecular diffusion from the materials containing them. Except for the area near the river mouth where is affected by the sewage sludges, an important source of PCNs and PBDEs in this area is believed to be the atmospheric deposition. Mussels enrich PCNs and PBDEs relative to the sediments. The total TEQs of PCNs in mussels are lower than the total TEQs of PCBs.展开更多
It is a challenging issue to further drive charge separation through the oriented design of Z-scheme het-erojunction in the exploitation of cost-effective photocatalytic materials.In this contribution,the unique Z-sch...It is a challenging issue to further drive charge separation through the oriented design of Z-scheme het-erojunction in the exploitation of cost-effective photocatalytic materials.In this contribution,the unique Z-scheme 3D/2D In_(2)Se_(3)/PCN heterojunction is developed through implanting In_(2)Se_(3) microspheres on PCN nanosheets using an in situ growth technique,which acquires the effective CO generation activity from photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction(CO_(2)R).The CO yield of 4 h in the CO_(2)R reaction over the optimal In_(2)Se_(3)/PCN-15 sample reaches up to 11.40 and 2.41 times higher than that of individual PCN and In_(2)Se_(3),respectively.Such greatly enhanced photocatalytic performance is primarily the improvement of photo-generated carrier separation efficiency.To be more specific,the formed built-in electric field is signifi-cantly intensified by producing the temperature difference potential between In_(2)Se_(3) and PCN owing to the photothermoelectric effect of In_(2)Se_(3),which actuates the high-efficiency separation of photogenerated charge carriers along the Z-scheme transfer path in the In_(2)Se_(3)/PCN heterojunction.The effective strat-egy of enhancing the built-in electric field to drive photogenerated charge separation proposed in this work opens up an innovative avenue to design Z-scheme heterojunction applied to high-efficiency pho-tocatalytic reactions,such as hydrogen generation from water splitting,CO_(2)R,and degradation of organic pollutants.展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences“Strategic Leading Science and Technology Projects”(No.XDB14020000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21677169,21477150,21621064,and 21577148)
文摘The concentrations and distribution of polychlorinated naphthalenes（PCNs） in the whole blood of eight typical terrestrial meat animals（chicken, duck, rabbit, pig, cattle, sheep,horse and donkey） consumed daily in our life were investigated. The total concentrations（on a liquid volume basis） of PCNs were in a range from 305 to 987 pg/L. Donkey blood contained the highest PCN concentrations. Mono-CNs were the dominant homolog group,accounting for 38%–71% PCNs. Apart from the mono-CNs and tri-CNs homolog groups, two hepta-CNs（mean： 9.5%） contributed most, followed by tetra-CNs（mean： 6.5%）. The congeners CN1, 5/7, 24/14, 27/30, 52/60, 66/67, and 73 were the most abundant congeners or congener groups. The highest toxicity equivalencies（TEQs） were observed in cattle blood（117.4 fg TEQ/L） then chicken blood（117.1 fg TEQ/L）. CN73 contributed 65% to total TEQs,followed by CN70（20%） and CN66/67（14%）. The dietary intakes of PCNs were also estimated.Chicken meat, which forms the second largest component of meat product consumption in China, contributed most to the total TEQs（61%）, followed by beef（27%） and pork（5.9%）. The consumption of chicken might pose the highest risk from exposure to PCNs than other types of meat to populations who prefer to eat chicken meat.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20677070, 20621703)
文摘The concentrations and congener profiles of poly- chlorinated naphthalenes （PCNs） in surface sediment samples collected from the Yangtze and Yellow River Estuaries were inves- tigated. PCN congeners （from MoCNs to OCN） were determined by isotope dilution/high-resolution gas chromatography/high- resolution mass spectrometry （HRGC-HRMS）. The total concen- trations of PCNs were 34.3-303.0 pg/g （dry weight, dw） in the Yangtze Estuary samples and 6.2-408.0 pg/g （dw） in the Yellow River Estuary samples, which were lower compared with that in other sediments reported by previous studies. In addition, the re- markably different homologue or congener profiles of PCNs have been obtained in this study. Samples dominated with MoCNs to TrCNs might be attributed to atmospheric deposition and global fractionation, while in other samples taken from the surrounding industrial areas the enrichment of higher chlorinated homologues suggested that the industrial and human activities should be the main potential sources.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China (No.2022YFC3105800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.42277388,42230505,42206148,and 41907313)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No.19ZR1415100).
文摘Polychlorinated naphthalenes(PCNs)are detrimental to human health and the environment.With the commercial production of PCNs banned,unintentional releases have emerged as a significant environmental source.However,relevant information is still scarce.In this study,provincial emissions for eight PCNs homologues from 37 sources in the Chinese mainland during the period of 1960-2019 were estimated based on a source-specific and time-varying emission factor database.The results showed that the total PCNs emissions in 2019 reached 757.0 kg with Hebei ranked at the top among all the provinces and iron&steel industry as the biggest source.Low-chlorinated PCNs comprised 90%of emissions by mass,while highly chlorinated PCNs dominated in terms of toxicity,highlighting divergent priorities for mitigating emissions and safeguarding human health.The emissions showed an overall upward trend from 1960 to 2019 driven by emission increase from iron&steel industry in terms of source,and from North China and East China in terms of geographic area.Per-capita emissions followed an inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curvewhile emission intensities decreased with increasing per-capita Gross Domestic Product(GDP)following a nearly linear pattern when log-transformed.
文摘Thirty-one congeners of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and 21 congeners of polybrominated diphenylethers(PBDEs)in surface sediments at 5 stations and one mussel sample from Qingdao coastal waters were analyzed. The maximum contents occur at the station near the Haibo River mouth. The total PCNs contents are in the range of 212-1209 pg/g dw, dominated by tri-Cl CN. The total PBDEs contents are in the range of 117-5510 pg/g dw,dominated by tri- to hexa-BrBDEs. The local sources of PCNs are likely from combustion processes such as incinerations and coal burnings. The sources of PBDEs are molecular diffusion from the materials containing them. Except for the area near the river mouth where is affected by the sewage sludges, an important source of PCNs and PBDEs in this area is believed to be the atmospheric deposition. Mussels enrich PCNs and PBDEs relative to the sediments. The total TEQs of PCNs in mussels are lower than the total TEQs of PCBs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072153 and 62004143)Key R&D Program of Hubei Province(No.2022BAA084)+2 种基金Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2021M690023)Graduate Research Innovation Program of Jiangsu Provincial(Nos.KYCX22_3694 and KYCX23_3649)Zhenjiang Key R&D Programmes(No.SH2021021).
文摘It is a challenging issue to further drive charge separation through the oriented design of Z-scheme het-erojunction in the exploitation of cost-effective photocatalytic materials.In this contribution,the unique Z-scheme 3D/2D In_(2)Se_(3)/PCN heterojunction is developed through implanting In_(2)Se_(3) microspheres on PCN nanosheets using an in situ growth technique,which acquires the effective CO generation activity from photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction(CO_(2)R).The CO yield of 4 h in the CO_(2)R reaction over the optimal In_(2)Se_(3)/PCN-15 sample reaches up to 11.40 and 2.41 times higher than that of individual PCN and In_(2)Se_(3),respectively.Such greatly enhanced photocatalytic performance is primarily the improvement of photo-generated carrier separation efficiency.To be more specific,the formed built-in electric field is signifi-cantly intensified by producing the temperature difference potential between In_(2)Se_(3) and PCN owing to the photothermoelectric effect of In_(2)Se_(3),which actuates the high-efficiency separation of photogenerated charge carriers along the Z-scheme transfer path in the In_(2)Se_(3)/PCN heterojunction.The effective strat-egy of enhancing the built-in electric field to drive photogenerated charge separation proposed in this work opens up an innovative avenue to design Z-scheme heterojunction applied to high-efficiency pho-tocatalytic reactions,such as hydrogen generation from water splitting,CO_(2)R,and degradation of organic pollutants.
