Near-infrared image sensors are widely used in fields such as material identification,machine vision,and autonomous driving.Lead sulfide colloidal quantum dot-based infrared photodiodes can be integrated with sil⁃icon...Near-infrared image sensors are widely used in fields such as material identification,machine vision,and autonomous driving.Lead sulfide colloidal quantum dot-based infrared photodiodes can be integrated with sil⁃icon-based readout circuits in a single step.Based on this,we propose a photodiode based on an n-i-p structure,which removes the buffer layer and further simplifies the manufacturing process of quantum dot image sensors,thus reducing manufacturing costs.Additionally,for the noise complexity in quantum dot image sensors when capturing images,traditional denoising and non-uniformity methods often do not achieve optimal denoising re⁃sults.For the noise and stripe-type non-uniformity commonly encountered in infrared quantum dot detector imag⁃es,a network architecture has been developed that incorporates multiple key modules.This network combines channel attention and spatial attention mechanisms,dynamically adjusting the importance of feature maps to en⁃hance the ability to distinguish between noise and details.Meanwhile,the residual dense feature fusion module further improves the network's ability to process complex image structures through hierarchical feature extraction and fusion.Furthermore,the pyramid pooling module effectively captures information at different scales,improv⁃ing the network's multi-scale feature representation ability.Through the collaborative effect of these modules,the network can better handle various mixed noise and image non-uniformity issues.Experimental results show that it outperforms the traditional U-Net network in denoising and image correction tasks.展开更多
Traditional p-type colloidal quantum dot(CQD)hole transport layers(HTLs)used in CQD solar cells(CQDSCs)are commonly based on organic ligands exchange and the layer-by-layer(LbL)technique.Nonetheless,the ligand detachm...Traditional p-type colloidal quantum dot(CQD)hole transport layers(HTLs)used in CQD solar cells(CQDSCs)are commonly based on organic ligands exchange and the layer-by-layer(LbL)technique.Nonetheless,the ligand detachment and complex fabrication process introduce surface defects,compromising device stability and efficiency.In this work,we propose a solution-phase ligand exchange(SPLE)method utilizing inorganic ligands to develop stable p-type lead sulfide(PbS)CQD inks for the first time.Various amounts of tin(Ⅱ)iodide(SnI_(2))were mixed with lead halide(PbX_(2);X=I,Br)in the ligand solution.By precisely controlling the SnI_(2)concentration,we regulate the transition of PbS QDs from n-type to p-type.PbS CQDSCs were fabricated using two different HTL approaches:one with 1,2-ethanedithiol(EDT)-passivated QDs via the LbL method(control)and another with inorganic ligand-passivated QD ink(target).The target devices achieved a higher power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.93%,compared to 9.83%for the control devices.This improvement is attributed to reduced interfacial defects and enhanced carrier mobility.The proposed technique offers an efficient pathway for producing stable p-type PbS CQD inks using inorganic ligands,paving the way for high-performance and flexible CQD-based optoelectronic devices.展开更多
PbS quantum dot(QD)image sensors have emerged as promising chips for a wide range of infrared(IR)imaging applications due to their monolithic integration with silicon-based readout integrated circuits.However,avoiding...PbS quantum dot(QD)image sensors have emerged as promising chips for a wide range of infrared(IR)imaging applications due to their monolithic integration with silicon-based readout integrated circuits.However,avoiding primary toxic Pb usage and reducing the cost of PbS QDs remains crucial for widespread application.We present a novel cost-effective and environmentally friendly hydrometallurgical process for recovering PbCl_(2)from spent lead-acid battery paste to synthesize high-quality PbS QDs.The method recovers PbCl_(2)with a production ratio of 97%and a purity of 99.99%.PbS QDs and photodetectors synthesized from recycled PbCl_(2)(R-PbCl_(2))have comparable performance and quality to those made using commercial PbCl_(2).R-PbCl_(2)-derived photodetectors exhibit a high external quantum efficiency of 49.6%and a high specific detectivity of 6.95×10^(12)Jones compared to published studies.Additionally,based on R-PbCl_(2),a PbS QD image sensor with 640×512 resolution successfully discriminated common solvents.Moreover,through life-cycle assessment and economic cost analysis,this novel synthesis route offers great advantages in the environmentally friendly use of chemical reagents and reduces the production cost of PbS QDs by 23.2%compared to commercial PbCl_(2).Thus,this work not only contributes to the green recycling of spent lead paste but also provides a low-cost strategy for synthesizing PbS QDs and their optoelectronic application.展开更多
Autophagy is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and is linked to various dis-eases.In Saccharomyces cerevisiae,the Polymyxin B Sensitivity 2(Pbs2)protein is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(M...Autophagy is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and is linked to various dis-eases.In Saccharomyces cerevisiae,the Polymyxin B Sensitivity 2(Pbs2)protein is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)family and plays a role in mitophagy.To explore the potential role of Pbs2 in macroautophagy,we engineered wild-type and PBS2-deficient cells using plasmid construction and yeast transforma-tion techniques,followed by a series of autophagy assays.First,after nitrogen star-vation,the levels of autophagic activity were evaluated with the classical GFP-Atg8 cleavage assay and the Pho8Δ60 activity assay at different time points.Deleting PBS2 significantly decreased both GFP-Atg8 protein cleavage and Pho8Δ60 activity,indicat-ing that Pbs2 is essential for macroautophagy.Furthermore,the influence of Pbs2 on macroautophagy was shown to be independent of Hog1,a well-known downstream factor of Pbs2.Second,the Atg8 lipidation assay demonstrated that Atg8 lipidation levels increased upon PBS2 deletion,suggesting that Pbs2 acts after Atg8 lipidation.Third,the proteinase K protection assay indicated that the loss of PBS2 led to a higher proportion of closed autophagosomes,implying that Pbs2 impacts the later stages of macroautophagy following autophagosome closure.In conclusion,Pbs2 regulates the late stages of macroautophagy induced by nitrogen starvation.展开更多
基金Supported by the National key research and development program in the 14th five year plan 2021YFA1200700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62535018,62431025,62561160113)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(23ZR1473400).
文摘Near-infrared image sensors are widely used in fields such as material identification,machine vision,and autonomous driving.Lead sulfide colloidal quantum dot-based infrared photodiodes can be integrated with sil⁃icon-based readout circuits in a single step.Based on this,we propose a photodiode based on an n-i-p structure,which removes the buffer layer and further simplifies the manufacturing process of quantum dot image sensors,thus reducing manufacturing costs.Additionally,for the noise complexity in quantum dot image sensors when capturing images,traditional denoising and non-uniformity methods often do not achieve optimal denoising re⁃sults.For the noise and stripe-type non-uniformity commonly encountered in infrared quantum dot detector imag⁃es,a network architecture has been developed that incorporates multiple key modules.This network combines channel attention and spatial attention mechanisms,dynamically adjusting the importance of feature maps to en⁃hance the ability to distinguish between noise and details.Meanwhile,the residual dense feature fusion module further improves the network's ability to process complex image structures through hierarchical feature extraction and fusion.Furthermore,the pyramid pooling module effectively captures information at different scales,improv⁃ing the network's multi-scale feature representation ability.Through the collaborative effect of these modules,the network can better handle various mixed noise and image non-uniformity issues.Experimental results show that it outperforms the traditional U-Net network in denoising and image correction tasks.
基金supported by MEXT KAKENHI Grant(24K01295,26286013).
文摘Traditional p-type colloidal quantum dot(CQD)hole transport layers(HTLs)used in CQD solar cells(CQDSCs)are commonly based on organic ligands exchange and the layer-by-layer(LbL)technique.Nonetheless,the ligand detachment and complex fabrication process introduce surface defects,compromising device stability and efficiency.In this work,we propose a solution-phase ligand exchange(SPLE)method utilizing inorganic ligands to develop stable p-type lead sulfide(PbS)CQD inks for the first time.Various amounts of tin(Ⅱ)iodide(SnI_(2))were mixed with lead halide(PbX_(2);X=I,Br)in the ligand solution.By precisely controlling the SnI_(2)concentration,we regulate the transition of PbS QDs from n-type to p-type.PbS CQDSCs were fabricated using two different HTL approaches:one with 1,2-ethanedithiol(EDT)-passivated QDs via the LbL method(control)and another with inorganic ligand-passivated QD ink(target).The target devices achieved a higher power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.93%,compared to 9.83%for the control devices.This improvement is attributed to reduced interfacial defects and enhanced carrier mobility.The proposed technique offers an efficient pathway for producing stable p-type PbS CQD inks using inorganic ligands,paving the way for high-performance and flexible CQD-based optoelectronic devices.
基金supported by Key program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52330004)National Natural Science Foundation of China General Project(51978301)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3902802)。
文摘PbS quantum dot(QD)image sensors have emerged as promising chips for a wide range of infrared(IR)imaging applications due to their monolithic integration with silicon-based readout integrated circuits.However,avoiding primary toxic Pb usage and reducing the cost of PbS QDs remains crucial for widespread application.We present a novel cost-effective and environmentally friendly hydrometallurgical process for recovering PbCl_(2)from spent lead-acid battery paste to synthesize high-quality PbS QDs.The method recovers PbCl_(2)with a production ratio of 97%and a purity of 99.99%.PbS QDs and photodetectors synthesized from recycled PbCl_(2)(R-PbCl_(2))have comparable performance and quality to those made using commercial PbCl_(2).R-PbCl_(2)-derived photodetectors exhibit a high external quantum efficiency of 49.6%and a high specific detectivity of 6.95×10^(12)Jones compared to published studies.Additionally,based on R-PbCl_(2),a PbS QD image sensor with 640×512 resolution successfully discriminated common solvents.Moreover,through life-cycle assessment and economic cost analysis,this novel synthesis route offers great advantages in the environmentally friendly use of chemical reagents and reduces the production cost of PbS QDs by 23.2%compared to commercial PbCl_(2).Thus,this work not only contributes to the green recycling of spent lead paste but also provides a low-cost strategy for synthesizing PbS QDs and their optoelectronic application.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:31970044 and 32370805。
文摘Autophagy is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and is linked to various dis-eases.In Saccharomyces cerevisiae,the Polymyxin B Sensitivity 2(Pbs2)protein is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)family and plays a role in mitophagy.To explore the potential role of Pbs2 in macroautophagy,we engineered wild-type and PBS2-deficient cells using plasmid construction and yeast transforma-tion techniques,followed by a series of autophagy assays.First,after nitrogen star-vation,the levels of autophagic activity were evaluated with the classical GFP-Atg8 cleavage assay and the Pho8Δ60 activity assay at different time points.Deleting PBS2 significantly decreased both GFP-Atg8 protein cleavage and Pho8Δ60 activity,indicat-ing that Pbs2 is essential for macroautophagy.Furthermore,the influence of Pbs2 on macroautophagy was shown to be independent of Hog1,a well-known downstream factor of Pbs2.Second,the Atg8 lipidation assay demonstrated that Atg8 lipidation levels increased upon PBS2 deletion,suggesting that Pbs2 acts after Atg8 lipidation.Third,the proteinase K protection assay indicated that the loss of PBS2 led to a higher proportion of closed autophagosomes,implying that Pbs2 impacts the later stages of macroautophagy following autophagosome closure.In conclusion,Pbs2 regulates the late stages of macroautophagy induced by nitrogen starvation.
