The danger of mycotoxin contamination entering the food supply through post-harvest infection is of perennial concern to food safety experts. To explore the distribution of Penicillium expansum and diffusion of its my...The danger of mycotoxin contamination entering the food supply through post-harvest infection is of perennial concern to food safety experts. To explore the distribution of Penicillium expansum and diffusion of its mycotoxin, patulin, in blue mold-damaged pears, Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. cv. Yali obtained from markets and orchards in China were artificially inoculated with P. expansum and assayed for patulin accumulation and degree of fungal colonization. The inoculated pears were incubated until the lesions were 5, 10, 20, or 30 mm in diameter. We sampled tissue at a range of distances from the lesion, measured the spread of Penicillium by plate colony-counting methods, and used UHPLC-MS/MS to detect and quantify the patulin concentration. More P. expansum colony-forming units were isolated from pears with a higher degree of decay. Farther from the lesion, the fewer P. expansum colonies were observed, and the lower the patulin content detected. We found a significant difference in the patulin content between samples due to lesion size, and also in tissue sampled 10 mm away from the lesion. In consideration of this finding, to ensure food safety, we recommend that when a blue mold rot lesion on pear is 5, 10, or 20 mm in diameter, 20, 30, and 40 mm beyond the lesion should be removed, respectively. If a lesion surpasses 30 mm in diameter, the whole pear should be thrown away.展开更多
The content of patulin in dairy products was detected by rapid ELISA assay. The pretreatment of samples was simple, with wide range of application. The standard product showed good linear relationship with the range o...The content of patulin in dairy products was detected by rapid ELISA assay. The pretreatment of samples was simple, with wide range of application. The standard product showed good linear relationship with the range of 0-5.4 μg/kg, and the linear relationship reached 0.999 3, with high sensitivity. It took shorter time, with a total time-consumption of 1 h. Moreover, it had good repeatability for analytical requirements.展开更多
The mycotoxin, patulin （4-hydroxy-4H-furo [3, 2c] pyran-2 [6H]-one）, is produced by a number of fungi common to fruit and vegetable-based products, most notably apples. Patulin contamination within apple products po...The mycotoxin, patulin （4-hydroxy-4H-furo [3, 2c] pyran-2 [6H]-one）, is produced by a number of fungi common to fruit and vegetable-based products, most notably apples. Patulin contamination within apple products poses a serious health risk to consumers. Studies done on laboratory animals have demonstrated that patulin has a broad spectrum of toxicity, including mutagen city and carcinogenicity. The aim of the experiment was studying influence of selectively acting activated carbon powder--Ercarbon SH （Erbsloh, Germany） which is special produced for lowering HMF （hydroxy methyl furfural）, on reduction of patulin content in clear apple juice. Industrial apple row material with some damaged parts was pressed, juice was pasteurized at 95 ℃ during 2 min. After cooling on 55 ℃, enzymatic treated and clarified juice were filtered by 0.45 [am pore sizes membrane filter, Apple clear juice sample was divided for five parts. The samples of apple juice were diluted to 11.5° Brix and contacted with concentrations of 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 g/L activated carbon powder for 30 min. After filtration in the experimental samples, putulin was quantitatively determined by HPLC （high performance liquid chromatography with UV） detector at 276 nm. The research revealed that the best results were achieved by treatment with activated carbon in its powder form at concentration of 2.5 g/L with 30 min contact time.展开更多
An analytical method was developed and validated for determination of patulin in apple puree by HPLC. Extraction and clean-up ofpatulin from clear extract are achieved on AFFINIMIP SPEPATULIN cartridges. Patulin is th...An analytical method was developed and validated for determination of patulin in apple puree by HPLC. Extraction and clean-up ofpatulin from clear extract are achieved on AFFINIMIP SPEPATULIN cartridges. Patulin is then separated on a Hypersil GOLD column 150 mm × 4 mm, 5 μtmand detected at 276 nm. The recovery in the range of 5 μg/kg-80 μg/kg was 81.47%. The limit of detection （LOD） was 1.36 μg/kg, and the limit of quantification （LOQ） was 4.55 μg/kg. The patulin content of the commercial samples of apple puree and samples of apple and fruit puree forinfants and young children as well as the samples of apple puree prepared from two apple varieties intended for processing （Jonathan, Florina） and obtained from conventional and uncertified organic cultures has been evaluated in this paper. The 44.83% patulin concentration of the analyzed samples were under the maximum level of the European Commission Regulation （EC） 1881/2006, in 46.55% of the analyzed samples patulin was not detected and in 8.62% of samples patulin concentration was lower than LOQ （European Comission, 2006a） Patulin was not detected in samples of apple puree intended for infants and young children consumption.展开更多
In this study,the patulin imprinted and the non-imprinted nanoparticles are synthesized by the two-phase mini emulsion polymerization method and characterized by zeta-size analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectrosc...In this study,the patulin imprinted and the non-imprinted nanoparticles are synthesized by the two-phase mini emulsion polymerization method and characterized by zeta-size analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy.Afterwards,the patulin imprinted and the non-imprinted nanoparticles are attached on the surface of surface plasmon resonance(SPR)chips.The patulin imprinted and the non-imprinted SPR nanosensors are characterized by using atomic force microscope,ellipsometer,and contact angle measurements.Kinetic studies for patulin detection are carried out in the concentration range of 0.5nmol-750nmol.The limit of detection and the limit of quantification values are obtained as 0.011 nmol and 0.036 nmol,respectively.In all kinetic analysis,the response time is 13 min for equilibration,adsorption,and desorption cycles.The selectivity studies of the patulin imprinted and the non-imprinted SPR nanosensors are determined in the presence of ochratoxin A and aflatoxin Bl.In order to demonstrate the applicability,validation studies of the patulin imprinted SPR nanosensor are performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS).展开更多
基金supported by the Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products of China (GJFP 2015014)
文摘The danger of mycotoxin contamination entering the food supply through post-harvest infection is of perennial concern to food safety experts. To explore the distribution of Penicillium expansum and diffusion of its mycotoxin, patulin, in blue mold-damaged pears, Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. cv. Yali obtained from markets and orchards in China were artificially inoculated with P. expansum and assayed for patulin accumulation and degree of fungal colonization. The inoculated pears were incubated until the lesions were 5, 10, 20, or 30 mm in diameter. We sampled tissue at a range of distances from the lesion, measured the spread of Penicillium by plate colony-counting methods, and used UHPLC-MS/MS to detect and quantify the patulin concentration. More P. expansum colony-forming units were isolated from pears with a higher degree of decay. Farther from the lesion, the fewer P. expansum colonies were observed, and the lower the patulin content detected. We found a significant difference in the patulin content between samples due to lesion size, and also in tissue sampled 10 mm away from the lesion. In consideration of this finding, to ensure food safety, we recommend that when a blue mold rot lesion on pear is 5, 10, or 20 mm in diameter, 20, 30, and 40 mm beyond the lesion should be removed, respectively. If a lesion surpasses 30 mm in diameter, the whole pear should be thrown away.
文摘The content of patulin in dairy products was detected by rapid ELISA assay. The pretreatment of samples was simple, with wide range of application. The standard product showed good linear relationship with the range of 0-5.4 μg/kg, and the linear relationship reached 0.999 3, with high sensitivity. It took shorter time, with a total time-consumption of 1 h. Moreover, it had good repeatability for analytical requirements.
文摘The mycotoxin, patulin （4-hydroxy-4H-furo [3, 2c] pyran-2 [6H]-one）, is produced by a number of fungi common to fruit and vegetable-based products, most notably apples. Patulin contamination within apple products poses a serious health risk to consumers. Studies done on laboratory animals have demonstrated that patulin has a broad spectrum of toxicity, including mutagen city and carcinogenicity. The aim of the experiment was studying influence of selectively acting activated carbon powder--Ercarbon SH （Erbsloh, Germany） which is special produced for lowering HMF （hydroxy methyl furfural）, on reduction of patulin content in clear apple juice. Industrial apple row material with some damaged parts was pressed, juice was pasteurized at 95 ℃ during 2 min. After cooling on 55 ℃, enzymatic treated and clarified juice were filtered by 0.45 [am pore sizes membrane filter, Apple clear juice sample was divided for five parts. The samples of apple juice were diluted to 11.5° Brix and contacted with concentrations of 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 g/L activated carbon powder for 30 min. After filtration in the experimental samples, putulin was quantitatively determined by HPLC （high performance liquid chromatography with UV） detector at 276 nm. The research revealed that the best results were achieved by treatment with activated carbon in its powder form at concentration of 2.5 g/L with 30 min contact time.
文摘An analytical method was developed and validated for determination of patulin in apple puree by HPLC. Extraction and clean-up ofpatulin from clear extract are achieved on AFFINIMIP SPEPATULIN cartridges. Patulin is then separated on a Hypersil GOLD column 150 mm × 4 mm, 5 μtmand detected at 276 nm. The recovery in the range of 5 μg/kg-80 μg/kg was 81.47%. The limit of detection （LOD） was 1.36 μg/kg, and the limit of quantification （LOQ） was 4.55 μg/kg. The patulin content of the commercial samples of apple puree and samples of apple and fruit puree forinfants and young children as well as the samples of apple puree prepared from two apple varieties intended for processing （Jonathan, Florina） and obtained from conventional and uncertified organic cultures has been evaluated in this paper. The 44.83% patulin concentration of the analyzed samples were under the maximum level of the European Commission Regulation （EC） 1881/2006, in 46.55% of the analyzed samples patulin was not detected and in 8.62% of samples patulin concentration was lower than LOQ （European Comission, 2006a） Patulin was not detected in samples of apple puree intended for infants and young children consumption.
基金This study was partly supported by Scientific Research Foundation of Hacettepe University Project(Grant No.FHD-2019-18247).
文摘In this study,the patulin imprinted and the non-imprinted nanoparticles are synthesized by the two-phase mini emulsion polymerization method and characterized by zeta-size analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy.Afterwards,the patulin imprinted and the non-imprinted nanoparticles are attached on the surface of surface plasmon resonance(SPR)chips.The patulin imprinted and the non-imprinted SPR nanosensors are characterized by using atomic force microscope,ellipsometer,and contact angle measurements.Kinetic studies for patulin detection are carried out in the concentration range of 0.5nmol-750nmol.The limit of detection and the limit of quantification values are obtained as 0.011 nmol and 0.036 nmol,respectively.In all kinetic analysis,the response time is 13 min for equilibration,adsorption,and desorption cycles.The selectivity studies of the patulin imprinted and the non-imprinted SPR nanosensors are determined in the presence of ochratoxin A and aflatoxin Bl.In order to demonstrate the applicability,validation studies of the patulin imprinted SPR nanosensor are performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS).
