Governance debates gained strong momentum in Africa in early December 2025 as the China-Kenya Readers Forum on Xi Jinping:The Governance of China convened in Nairobi on 1 December 2025,followed by a promotional event ...Governance debates gained strong momentum in Africa in early December 2025 as the China-Kenya Readers Forum on Xi Jinping:The Governance of China convened in Nairobi on 1 December 2025,followed by a promotional event for the English edition of the book’s fifth volume on 3 December 2025 in Johannesburg,South Africa.展开更多
Microplastics are becoming well-known as chronic pollutants of terrestrial ecosystems,although their sources,dynamics of transportation,reliability of detection and ecological hazard are not evenly described.This revi...Microplastics are becoming well-known as chronic pollutants of terrestrial ecosystems,although their sources,dynamics of transportation,reliability of detection and ecological hazard are not evenly described.This review is a synthesis of the existing information about microplastics in soils,including analytical detection and characterization techniques,the major sources in the terrestrial environment,transport routes within the compartments and between compartments,and reported ecotoxicological consequences on soil biota,plants,and microbial communities.We also critically discuss the strengths and weaknesses of methodologies,making the distinction of sampling design differences,size detection limits,polymer identification methods,and quality assurance procedures on data comparability and uncertainty.An important outcome of this review is the systematic evaluation of the strength of evidence in three interrelated areas:measurement,environmental transport,and biological impacts,hence explaining which findings are strong and in which areas of research significant knowledge gaps still exist.We also suggest a conceptual framework that strongly connects the measurement uncertainty to the exposure estimation,interpretation of risk,and management relevance.This review uses mechanistic insights into transport and ecotoxicology alongside analysis constraints to add to the more comprehensive foundation of terrestrial risk assessment.Lastly,we determine research priorities,such as harmonized methodologies,realistic exposure scenarios,and cross-scale monitoring strategies,in order to assist in the science-based policies and mitigation action.展开更多
Within contemporary healthcare systems, professional identity among specialized nurses serves as a pivotal intrinsic factor influencing the development of their core competencies. This review synthesizes existing rese...Within contemporary healthcare systems, professional identity among specialized nurses serves as a pivotal intrinsic factor influencing the development of their core competencies. This review synthesizes existing research, revealing that professional identity positively impacts the development of core competencies through multiple pathways, including psychological drive, behavioral facilitation, teamwork, and career stability. Building on this analysis, this paper proposes systematic enhancement strategies from four dimensions: education and training, organizational environment, cultural development, and individual growth, aiming to provide a reference for nursing practice and professional development.展开更多
Bone resorption is a vital physiological process that enables skeletal remodeling,maintenance,and adaptation to mechanical forces throughout life.While tightly regulated under the physiological state,its dysregulation...Bone resorption is a vital physiological process that enables skeletal remodeling,maintenance,and adaptation to mechanical forces throughout life.While tightly regulated under the physiological state,its dysregulation contributes to pathological conditions such as osteoporosis,rheumatoid arthritis,and periodontitis.Periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease driven by dysbiotic biofilms that disrupt the oral microbiome,leading to the progressive breakdown of the periodontal ligament,cementum,and alveolar bone and ultimately resulting in tooth loss.This review outlines the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying periodontitis,focusing on osteoclastogenesis,the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts,the primary mediators of bone resorption.Key transcriptional regulators,including NFATc1,c-Fos,and c-Src are discussed alongside major signaling pathways such as Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase(MAPK),Janus Tyrosine Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription(JAK/STAT),Nuclear Factor Kappa B(NF-κB),and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt,to elucidate their roles in the initiation and progression of periodontal bone loss.These pathways orchestrate the inflammatory response and osteoclast activity,underscoring their relevance in periodontitis and other osteolytic conditions.Hallmark features of periodontitis,including chronic inflammation,immune dysregulation,and tissue destruction are highlighted,with emphasis on current and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting these molecular pathways.Special attention is given to small molecules,biologics,and natural compounds that have the potential to modulate key signaling pathways.Although advances in understanding these mechanisms have identified promising therapeutic targets,translation into effective clinical interventions remains challenging.Continued research into regulating bone-resorptive signaling pathways is essential for developing more effective treatments for periodontitis and related inflammatory bone diseases.展开更多
From lecture halls in Beijing to villages in the mountains of southwest China,a group of young rural innovators from Global South countries recently embarked on a journey that connected policy thinking,technological p...From lecture halls in Beijing to villages in the mountains of southwest China,a group of young rural innovators from Global South countries recently embarked on a journey that connected policy thinking,technological practice and lived rural experience.展开更多
Recently,Tian et al.published a research paper with significant breakthroughs in Cell[1].The study found that targeting the signalling pathways named Serpine2-lowdensity lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1(Lrp1)and...Recently,Tian et al.published a research paper with significant breakthroughs in Cell[1].The study found that targeting the signalling pathways named Serpine2-lowdensity lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1(Lrp1)and ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1(CD39)-adenosine A_(3)receptor(A_(3)AR)is a promising strategy for the treatment of vascular dementia.The Serpine2-Lrp1 signalling pathway primarily exerts its therapeutic effects on myelin regeneration by regulating the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells.Serpine2 is a secretory serine protease inhibitor regulates proteolytic homeostasis.It may also bind to cell surface receptors such as Lrp1 to directly activate signalling pathways.As a transmembrane glycoprotein receptor,Lrpl mediates the endocytic clearance of ligands.展开更多
Taohong Siwu Decoction(THSWD), a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation, has been demonstrated to significantly modulate key signaling pathways implicated in atherosclerosis(AS). This review examines the complex me...Taohong Siwu Decoction(THSWD), a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation, has been demonstrated to significantly modulate key signaling pathways implicated in atherosclerosis(AS). This review examines the complex mechanisms through which THSWD influences critical pathways, including nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase(AKT), Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), that play pivotal roles in AS pathogenesis. By synthesizing experimental evidence and existing literature, the review summarizes how THSWD and its bioactive constituents regulate these signaling cascades to ameliorate AS. Furthermore, it highlights the distinctive therapeutic advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) compounds in managing chronic diseases driven by multi-target and multifactorial mechanisms. Analyzing disease targets from the perspective of signaling pathways enhances the scientific validation of clinical efficacy for such formulations, thereby offering novel insights for future research.展开更多
This narrative review examines recent advances in salivary biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),a major subtype of oral cancer with persistently low five-year survival rates due to delayed diagnosis.Saliv...This narrative review examines recent advances in salivary biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),a major subtype of oral cancer with persistently low five-year survival rates due to delayed diagnosis.Saliva has emerged as a noninvasive diagnostic medium capable of reflecting both local tumor activity and systemic physiological changes.Various salivary biomarkers,including microRNAs,cytokines,proteins,metabolites,and exosomes,have been linked to oncogenic signaling pathways involved in tumor progression,immune modulation,and therapeutic resistance.Advances in quantitative polymerase chain reaction,mass spectrometry,and next-generation sequencing have enabled comprehensive biomarker profiling,while point-of-care detection systems and saliva-based omics platforms are accelerating clinical translation.Remaining challenges include variability in salivary composition,lack of standardized collection protocols,and insufficient validation across large patient cohorts.This review highlights the mechanistic relevance,diagnostic potential,and translational challenges of salivary biomarkers in OSCC.展开更多
Femoral head necrosis(FHN) is a common leg disorder in the poultry industry often leads to significant cartilage damage.The mechanism behind abnormal apoptosis in FHN broilers,leading to cartilage damage,remains uncle...Femoral head necrosis(FHN) is a common leg disorder in the poultry industry often leads to significant cartilage damage.The mechanism behind abnormal apoptosis in FHN broilers,leading to cartilage damage,remains unclear;although endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS) has been found to play a role in glucocorticoid-induced FHN broilers.In this study,we collected samples from broilers with femoral head separation(FHS) and femoral head separation accompanied with growth plate lacerations(FHSL) in a broiler farm.The aim was to investigate the potential association between the severity of FHN,bone remodeling and cartilage damage.Additionally,primary chondrocytes were treated with methylprednisolone(MP) to construct an in vitro FHN model,followed by inhibition or activation of ERS or hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) to further investigate the mechanism of apoptosis in cartilage.The results suggested that cartilage appeared to be the appropriate tissue to investigate the potential mechanisms of FHN,as the degree of cartilage damage was found to be closely related to the severity of the disease.Bone quality was only affected in FHSL broilers,although factors related to bone metabolism were significantly altered among FHN-affected broilers.In addition,cartilage in FHN-affected broilers exhibited high levels of apoptosis and upregulated expression of ERS-related and HIF-1α,which was consistent with both in vivo and in vitro findings after MP treatment.The results were further supported by treatment with HIF-1α or ERS inhibition or activation.In conclusion,bone remodeling and cartilage homeostasis were affected in FHN broilers,but only cartilage damage was significantly exacerbated with FHN development.Moreover,activation of ERS or HIF-1α resulted in apoptosis in cartilage,thus exhibiting a significant correlation with FHN severity.展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The appro...Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The approach to biomass,as the only true full-scale alternative to fossil resources,is progressing rapidly.Converting biomass into furanic compounds,as versatile platform chemicals for synthesizing a wide range of bio-based products is the cornerstone of sustainable technologies.The extensive body of this review combines the biomass valorization to furanic compounds by CO_(2)utilization and furanic compounds conversion by CO_(2)fixation.These processes can be strategically applied through both‘thermochemical’and‘electrochemical’pathways,by utilizing CO_(2)from the atmosphere or industrial emission point and returning it to the natural carbon cycle.In the thermochemical pathway CO_(2)acts as a carbon source(carboxylation and polymerization)or active reaction assistant in the biomass conversion(CO_(2)-assisted conversion),without altering its oxidation state,facilitating the synthesis of valuable products and polymers.Conversely,in the electrochemical pathway,CO_(2)can be used as a carbon source(electrocarboxylation)to give the corresponding carboxylic acid,or it can undergo reduction,yielding methanol,carbon monoxide(CO),formic acid,and analogous compounds,while on the other side,furanic compounds undergo oxidation yielding high-value-added chemicals.Finally,potential future research directions are suggested to promote CO_(2)utilization and fixation in the valorization of biomass-derived furanic compounds,and challenges facing further research are highlighted.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury can be categorized into primary and secondary injuries.Secondary injuries are the main cause of disability following traumatic brain injury,which involves a complex multicellular cascade.Microgl...Traumatic brain injury can be categorized into primary and secondary injuries.Secondary injuries are the main cause of disability following traumatic brain injury,which involves a complex multicellular cascade.Microglia play an important role in secondary injury and can be activated in response to traumatic brain injury.In this article,we review the origin and classification of microglia as well as the dynamic changes of microglia in traumatic brain injury.We also clarify the microglial polarization pathways and the therapeutic drugs targeting activated microglia.We found that regulating the signaling pathways involved in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory microglia,such as the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B,mitogen-activated protein kinase,Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription,phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B,Notch,and high mobility group box 1 pathways,can alleviate the inflammatory response triggered by microglia in traumatic brain injury,thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.We also reviewed the strategies developed on the basis of these pathways,such as drug and cell replacement therapies.Drugs that modulate inflammatory factors,such as rosuvastatin,have been shown to promote the polarization of antiinflammatory microglia and reduce the inflammatory response caused by traumatic brain injury.Mesenchymal stem cells possess anti-inflammatory properties,and clinical studies have confirmed their significant efficacy and safety in patients with traumatic brain injury.Additionally,advancements in mesenchymal stem cell-delivery methods—such as combinations of novel biomaterials,genetic engineering,and mesenchymal stem cell exosome therapy—have greatly enhanced the efficiency and therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells in animal models.However,numerous challenges in the application of drug and mesenchymal stem cell treatment strategies remain to be addressed.In the future,new technologies,such as single-cell RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis,can facilitate further experimental studies.Moreover,research involving non-human primates can help translate these treatment strategies to clinical practice.展开更多
Alcohol intake is associated with increased mortality worldwide,particularly liver diseases,making it imperative to explore innovative strategies for managing alcohol-related liver disease.In this study,t he efficacy ...Alcohol intake is associated with increased mortality worldwide,particularly liver diseases,making it imperative to explore innovative strategies for managing alcohol-related liver disease.In this study,t he efficacy of Scytosiphon lomentaria fucoidan(SLF)in alleviating alcohol-induced liver injury was evaluated in a mouse model.It showed that SLF increased body weight and colon length,while reducing liver index,serum lipid,alanine aminotransferase,and aspartate aminotransferase in alcohol-treated mice.SLF inhibited inflammatory response in the liver by reducing inflammatory infiltration and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines.It can be associated with the alleviation of oxidative stress and the inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB pathway.SLF modulated alcohol-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota,including a reduction in Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria,and improved metabolites profile,primarily affecting short chain fatty acids and amino acids metabolism.In addition,SLF reduced the level of total bile acids,regulated the profile of bile acids,and increased the levels of farnesoid X receptor(FXR)and AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK),suggesting that SLF can alleviate alcohol-induced liver injury by regulating bile acid-FXR/AMPK pathway.This study suggests that SLF holds the potential to alleviate the adverse effect of alcohol on the liver via the gut-liver axis.展开更多
Pyrethroids are a class of novel broad-spectrum pesticides synthesized to mimic natural pyrethrins.Due to their high efficiency,low toxicity,and safety,pyrethroids have been widely used as alternatives to organophosph...Pyrethroids are a class of novel broad-spectrum pesticides synthesized to mimic natural pyrethrins.Due to their high efficiency,low toxicity,and safety,pyrethroids have been widely used as alternatives to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in the control of agricultural and sanitary pests.However,with the increasing use of pyrethroid pesticides,the resulting pesticide residues have posed threats to both the environment and human health.Biodegradation is considered one of the most promising methods for the removal of pyrethroids,and significant research has been conducted in this area.This review summarizes recent advances in the biodegradation of pyrethroids,including degradation by single strains,microbial consortia,and enzymes.It provides an in-depth analysis of the biodegradation pathways and catalytic mechanisms involved in the degradation of pyrethroids and outlines enhancement strategies for improving the activity of pyrethroid-degrading enzymes.The review also identifies current challenges in pyrethroid biodegradation and offers perspectives for future research.This review serves as a valuable reference for subsequent studies on pyrethroid biodegradation.展开更多
The development of highly efficient and multifunctional nanozymes holds promise for addressing the challenges posed by drugresistant bacteria.Here,copper single-atom-loaded MoS_(2) nanozymes(CuSAs/MoS_(2))were develop...The development of highly efficient and multifunctional nanozymes holds promise for addressing the challenges posed by drugresistant bacteria.Here,copper single-atom-loaded MoS_(2) nanozymes(CuSAs/MoS_(2))were developed to effectively combat drug-resistant bacteria by synergistically integrating the triple strategies of oxidative damage,cuproptosis-like death and disruption of cell wall synthesis.Density functional theory revealed that each Cu center coordinated with three sulfur ligands,enhancing the adsorption of H_(2)O_(2),which reduced the activation energy of the key step by 17%,thereby improving peroxidase-like(PODlike)activity.The generation of reactive oxygen species in combination with CuSAs/MoS_(2) glutathione peroxidase-like(GSH-Px-like)for glutathione scavenging resulted in an imbalance in redox homeostasis within bacteria.CuSAs/MoS_(2),which act as nanopioneers,drive oxidative stress to initiate the process of cuproptosis-like death,leading to abnormal aggregation of lipoylated proteins and inactivation of iron-sulfur cluster proteins.Moreover,CuSAs/MoS_(2) inhibited the biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan synthesis precursors D-glutamate and m-diaminopimelic acid and disrupted the peptidoglycan cross-linking process mediated by penicillin-binding proteins,effectively blocking the compensatory cell wall remodeling pathway ofβ-lactam-resistant bacteria.Overall,CuSAs/MoS_(2) with multiple functions can not only efficiently kill bacteria but also decelerate the development of bacterial resistance to combat drug-resistant bacterial infections.展开更多
Muscle atrophy can be induced by high doses or prolonged use of glucocorticoids.Kaempferol(Kae)is a naturally occurring flavonoid with a variety of biological activities and the effect of Kae on dexamethasone(Dex)indu...Muscle atrophy can be induced by high doses or prolonged use of glucocorticoids.Kaempferol(Kae)is a naturally occurring flavonoid with a variety of biological activities and the effect of Kae on dexamethasone(Dex)induced muscle atrophy in animals has not been elucidated.To explore this issue,the present experiments used a computationally assisted drug design scheme combining network pharmacology,molecular docking and in vivo experiments to investigate the mechanism of Kae against muscle atrophy.Network pharmacological analyses revealed 275 potential targets for Kae and 12294 potential targets for muscle atrophy,with a total of 228 crosstargets for Kae and muscle atrophy.GO and KEGG analyses were performed based on the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of muscle atrophy and Kae component targets.The GO results showed that the biological processes were mainly related to the metabolic process of reactive oxygen species,and the response to oxidative stress;the cellular components were mainly focused on membrane microdomains,and membrane regions;the molecular functions mainly worked on phosphatase binding;and the KEGG pathway enrichment analyses identified the pathways of interaction between Kae and muscle atrophy.Finally,as verified by in vivo experiments,Kae may reduce the onset of muscle atrophy by activating the PI3K/AKT/m TOR/signalling pathway,inhibiting Foxo1/Foxo3 activity,and inhibiting downstream production of the ubiquitination 3 ligases Atrogin1 and Mu RF1;Kae also promotes the expression of NRF2/HO-1/KEAP1 signalling pathway,enhances muscle antioxidant capacity,inhibits the release of COX-2 and TNF-αinflammatory factors,and reduces the damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammatory factors to muscles.Therefore,there may be a synergistic effect of PI3K/AKT/m TOR and NRF2/HO-1/KEAP1 in Kae working together to prevent muscle atrophy.The binding energy and stability of Kae to potential targets were examined by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations,implying that Kae could be used for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy in patients.展开更多
Educational cooperation,as the cornerstone and vanguard of people-to-people exchanges and practical cooperation between China and Africa,holds irreplaceable strategic significance for enhancing the quality of Africa&#...Educational cooperation,as the cornerstone and vanguard of people-to-people exchanges and practical cooperation between China and Africa,holds irreplaceable strategic significance for enhancing the quality of Africa's human capital and accelerating its structural transformation and modernization process.This paper employs“demand–supply–adaptation”as its core analytical framework and aims to systematically explore how the educational cooperation between China and Africa can serve Africa's goal of modernization more precisely and effectively.First,through reviewing and analyzing the domestic and international research literature,this paper clarifies the focus,paradigms,and shortcomings of existing research,identifying the knowledge contribution of this study.Second,utilizing detailed macro-level data,case studies,and comparative research methods,it comprehensively presents the multidimensional status,structural characteristics,and development trends of China–Africa educational cooperation in areas such as student exchanges,cooperative education,vocational and technical training,language and cultural exchange,and emerging digital education.This paper also deeply analyzes the pressing and specific demands placed on the education system by Africa's modernization development across key dimensions like economic diversification,industrialization,agricultural modernization,social governance upgrading,and digital transformation.Third,based on the cooperative principle of“Africa's needs and China's strengths,”this paper innovatively proposes systematic countermeasures and suggestions for constructing new,multi-level,high-quality,sustainable,and future-oriented pathways for China–Africa educational cooperation:(a)promoting the strategic focus of cooperation to extend from“hard infrastructure”support to empowering“soft infrastructure”;(b)deepening the integration of industry and education and school–enterprise collaboration to precisely align with Africa's industrial development needs;vigorously developing digital education and jointly building a smart education ecosystem to help Africa bridge the digital divide;(c)improving an evidence-based,third-party evaluation system for cooperative effectiveness and a full-process quality assurance system;and(d)promoting the collaborative participation of multiple actors including governments,schools,enterprises,think tanks,and social organizations to build a new cooperative pattern of coconstruction,co-governance,and shared benefits.展开更多
Cold stress represents a critical constraint on crop productivity,particularly in temperate climates.Despite the established role of abscisic acid(ABA)in cold stress responses,the precise mechanisms through which tran...Cold stress represents a critical constraint on crop productivity,particularly in temperate climates.Despite the established role of abscisic acid(ABA)in cold stress responses,the precise mechanisms through which transcription factors mediate ABAdependent cold tolerance remain elusive.Here,we identify VaMYB4a,a MYB transcription factor from Vitis amurensis Rupr.(Amur grape),as a key regulator of cold tolerance.It integrates ABA signaling with the CBF(C-repeat binding factors)-COR(cold-regulated)pathway to orchestrate cold stress adaptation.Through a combination of overexpression and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout lines in Arabidopsis thaliana,grape callus,and Vitis vinifera L.seedlings,we demonstrate that VaMYB4a enhances freezing tolerance by promoting osmotic regulation,reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging,and stomatal closure.VaMYB4a functions as a homo-dimer,with its C-terminal domain being essential for transcriptional activation.Mechanistically,VaMYB4a directly upregulates CBF and COR genes while fine-tuning ABA signaling components such as ABI1 and ABF4.Notably,ABA exhibits a dual role:enhancing VaMYB4a-mediated freezing tolerance under short-term stress but attenuating its effects during prolonged cold exposure,revealing an intricate regulatory crosstalk between cold and hormonal pathways.Our work not only advances the molecular understanding of cold adaptation but also provides a promising genetic target for developing stress-resilient grape varieties to mitigate the impacts of climate change.展开更多
Accelerated industrialization combined with over-applied nitrogen fertilizers results in serious nitrate pollution insurface and ground water,disrupting the balance of the global nitrogen cycle.Electrochemical nitrate...Accelerated industrialization combined with over-applied nitrogen fertilizers results in serious nitrate pollution insurface and ground water,disrupting the balance of the global nitrogen cycle.Electrochemical nitrate reduction(eNO_(3)RR)emerges as an attractive strategy to simultaneously enable nitrate removal and decentralized ammo-nia fabrication,restoring the globally perturbed nitrogen cycle.However,complex deoxygenation-hydrogenationprocesses and sluggish proton-electron transfer kinetics significantly hinder practical application of eNO_(3)RR.In this study,we developed carbon-coated Cu-Ni bimetallic catalysts derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)to facilitate eNO_(3)RR.The unique structural features of catalyst promote enhanced synergy between Cuand Ni,effectively addressing critical challenges in nitrate reduction.Comprehensive structural and electrochem-ical analysis demonstrate that electrochemical nitrate-to-nitrite conversion mainly takes place on active Cu sites,the introduction of Ni could efficiently accelerate the generation of aquatic active hydrogen,promoting the hy-drogenation of oxynitrides during eNO_(3)RR.In addition,Ni introduction could push up the d-band center of thecatalyst,thus enhancing the adsorption and activation of nitrate and the corresponding intermediates.Detailedreaction pathways for nitrate-to-ammonia conversion are illuminated by rotating disk electrode(RDE),in-situFourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,in-situ Raman spectrum and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).Benefiting from the synergistic effect of Cu and Ni,optimum catalyst exhibited excellent nitrate reductionperformance.This work provides a new idea for elucidating the underlying eNO_(3)RR reaction mechanisms andcontributes a promising strategy for designing efficient bimetallic electrocatalysts.展开更多
Tumors are defined by uncontrolled cell proliferation(Hariharan and Bilder,2006).Benign tumors are typically slow-growing and localized,while malignant ones are invasive and aggressive.The nuclear receptor Eip75B(E75)...Tumors are defined by uncontrolled cell proliferation(Hariharan and Bilder,2006).Benign tumors are typically slow-growing and localized,while malignant ones are invasive and aggressive.The nuclear receptor Eip75B(E75),a heme-binding protein responsive to ecdysone signaling,encodes three major isoforms,E75A,E75B,and E75C(Bialecki et al.,2002),among them,only E75A and E75C contain zinc finger domains that enable DNA binding.展开更多
Background:ZhiZi-BoPi Decoction(ZZBPD),a traditional prescription for liver and gallbladder protection,has garnered significant clinical interest due to its hepatoprotective properties.Despite its proven efficacy in m...Background:ZhiZi-BoPi Decoction(ZZBPD),a traditional prescription for liver and gallbladder protection,has garnered significant clinical interest due to its hepatoprotective properties.Despite its proven efficacy in mitigating intrahepatic cholestasis,the precise mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain inadequately understood.This study aims to comprehensively investigate the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of ZZBPD in cholestatic liver injury(CLI).Methods:Firstly,we evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of ZZBPD on mice with CLI induced byα-naphthylisothiocyanate(ANIT),by measuring biochemical markers,inflammatory factors,and bile acid levels.Subsequently,we employed network pharmacology and single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)to identify key targets and potential signaling pathways for the prevention and treatment of CLI.Finally,we further validated the mechanism of action of ZZBPD on these key targets through molecular docking,western blotting,and immunofluorescence techniques.Results:ZZBPD notably improved serum liver function,reduced hepatic inflammation,and restored bile acid balance.Through network pharmacology and scRNA-seq analysis,48 core targets were identified,including TNF,IL-6,and NFKB1,all of which are linked to the IL-17 and NF-κB signaling pathways,as shown by KEGG enrichment analysis.Molecular docking further confirmed stable interactions between ZZBPD’s key active components and molecules such as IL-6,IL-17,and NF-κB.Additionally,western blotting and immunofluorescence validated the downregulation of IL-17 and NF-κB protein expression in liver tissue.Conclusion:ZZBPD effectively treats CLI by activating pathways related to the bile acid receptor FXR,while also modulating the IL-17/NF-κB signaling pathway.This dual action enhances bile secretion and alleviates liver inflammation.These findings offer important insights into the pharmacological mechanisms of ZZBPD and underscore its potential as a promising therapeutic for CLI.展开更多
文摘Governance debates gained strong momentum in Africa in early December 2025 as the China-Kenya Readers Forum on Xi Jinping:The Governance of China convened in Nairobi on 1 December 2025,followed by a promotional event for the English edition of the book’s fifth volume on 3 December 2025 in Johannesburg,South Africa.
文摘Microplastics are becoming well-known as chronic pollutants of terrestrial ecosystems,although their sources,dynamics of transportation,reliability of detection and ecological hazard are not evenly described.This review is a synthesis of the existing information about microplastics in soils,including analytical detection and characterization techniques,the major sources in the terrestrial environment,transport routes within the compartments and between compartments,and reported ecotoxicological consequences on soil biota,plants,and microbial communities.We also critically discuss the strengths and weaknesses of methodologies,making the distinction of sampling design differences,size detection limits,polymer identification methods,and quality assurance procedures on data comparability and uncertainty.An important outcome of this review is the systematic evaluation of the strength of evidence in three interrelated areas:measurement,environmental transport,and biological impacts,hence explaining which findings are strong and in which areas of research significant knowledge gaps still exist.We also suggest a conceptual framework that strongly connects the measurement uncertainty to the exposure estimation,interpretation of risk,and management relevance.This review uses mechanistic insights into transport and ecotoxicology alongside analysis constraints to add to the more comprehensive foundation of terrestrial risk assessment.Lastly,we determine research priorities,such as harmonized methodologies,realistic exposure scenarios,and cross-scale monitoring strategies,in order to assist in the science-based policies and mitigation action.
文摘Within contemporary healthcare systems, professional identity among specialized nurses serves as a pivotal intrinsic factor influencing the development of their core competencies. This review synthesizes existing research, revealing that professional identity positively impacts the development of core competencies through multiple pathways, including psychological drive, behavioral facilitation, teamwork, and career stability. Building on this analysis, this paper proposes systematic enhancement strategies from four dimensions: education and training, organizational environment, cultural development, and individual growth, aiming to provide a reference for nursing practice and professional development.
基金supported by grant provided by the Sao Paulo Research Foundation-FAPESP.Grant#2023/15750-7。
文摘Bone resorption is a vital physiological process that enables skeletal remodeling,maintenance,and adaptation to mechanical forces throughout life.While tightly regulated under the physiological state,its dysregulation contributes to pathological conditions such as osteoporosis,rheumatoid arthritis,and periodontitis.Periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease driven by dysbiotic biofilms that disrupt the oral microbiome,leading to the progressive breakdown of the periodontal ligament,cementum,and alveolar bone and ultimately resulting in tooth loss.This review outlines the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying periodontitis,focusing on osteoclastogenesis,the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts,the primary mediators of bone resorption.Key transcriptional regulators,including NFATc1,c-Fos,and c-Src are discussed alongside major signaling pathways such as Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase(MAPK),Janus Tyrosine Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription(JAK/STAT),Nuclear Factor Kappa B(NF-κB),and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt,to elucidate their roles in the initiation and progression of periodontal bone loss.These pathways orchestrate the inflammatory response and osteoclast activity,underscoring their relevance in periodontitis and other osteolytic conditions.Hallmark features of periodontitis,including chronic inflammation,immune dysregulation,and tissue destruction are highlighted,with emphasis on current and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting these molecular pathways.Special attention is given to small molecules,biologics,and natural compounds that have the potential to modulate key signaling pathways.Although advances in understanding these mechanisms have identified promising therapeutic targets,translation into effective clinical interventions remains challenging.Continued research into regulating bone-resorptive signaling pathways is essential for developing more effective treatments for periodontitis and related inflammatory bone diseases.
文摘From lecture halls in Beijing to villages in the mountains of southwest China,a group of young rural innovators from Global South countries recently embarked on a journey that connected policy thinking,technological practice and lived rural experience.
基金support from the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024JDHJ0043 and 2025YFHZ0121).
文摘Recently,Tian et al.published a research paper with significant breakthroughs in Cell[1].The study found that targeting the signalling pathways named Serpine2-lowdensity lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1(Lrp1)and ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1(CD39)-adenosine A_(3)receptor(A_(3)AR)is a promising strategy for the treatment of vascular dementia.The Serpine2-Lrp1 signalling pathway primarily exerts its therapeutic effects on myelin regeneration by regulating the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells.Serpine2 is a secretory serine protease inhibitor regulates proteolytic homeostasis.It may also bind to cell surface receptors such as Lrp1 to directly activate signalling pathways.As a transmembrane glycoprotein receptor,Lrpl mediates the endocytic clearance of ligands.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 82104430 and 82274133)the Shanghai Sailing Program (No. 21YF1447600)the Future Plan for Traditional Chinese Medicine Development of Science and Technology of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. WL-HBQN-2022002K)。
文摘Taohong Siwu Decoction(THSWD), a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation, has been demonstrated to significantly modulate key signaling pathways implicated in atherosclerosis(AS). This review examines the complex mechanisms through which THSWD influences critical pathways, including nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase(AKT), Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), that play pivotal roles in AS pathogenesis. By synthesizing experimental evidence and existing literature, the review summarizes how THSWD and its bioactive constituents regulate these signaling cascades to ameliorate AS. Furthermore, it highlights the distinctive therapeutic advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) compounds in managing chronic diseases driven by multi-target and multifactorial mechanisms. Analyzing disease targets from the perspective of signaling pathways enhances the scientific validation of clinical efficacy for such formulations, thereby offering novel insights for future research.
基金supported by the College of Oral Medicine,Taipei Medical University,Taipei,Taiwan(Grant No.TMUCOM202502)supported by Taipei Medical University Hospital,Taipei,Taiwan(Grant No.114TMUH-NE-05).
文摘This narrative review examines recent advances in salivary biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),a major subtype of oral cancer with persistently low five-year survival rates due to delayed diagnosis.Saliva has emerged as a noninvasive diagnostic medium capable of reflecting both local tumor activity and systemic physiological changes.Various salivary biomarkers,including microRNAs,cytokines,proteins,metabolites,and exosomes,have been linked to oncogenic signaling pathways involved in tumor progression,immune modulation,and therapeutic resistance.Advances in quantitative polymerase chain reaction,mass spectrometry,and next-generation sequencing have enabled comprehensive biomarker profiling,while point-of-care detection systems and saliva-based omics platforms are accelerating clinical translation.Remaining challenges include variability in salivary composition,lack of standardized collection protocols,and insufficient validation across large patient cohorts.This review highlights the mechanistic relevance,diagnostic potential,and translational challenges of salivary biomarkers in OSCC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072936 and 32273080)。
文摘Femoral head necrosis(FHN) is a common leg disorder in the poultry industry often leads to significant cartilage damage.The mechanism behind abnormal apoptosis in FHN broilers,leading to cartilage damage,remains unclear;although endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS) has been found to play a role in glucocorticoid-induced FHN broilers.In this study,we collected samples from broilers with femoral head separation(FHS) and femoral head separation accompanied with growth plate lacerations(FHSL) in a broiler farm.The aim was to investigate the potential association between the severity of FHN,bone remodeling and cartilage damage.Additionally,primary chondrocytes were treated with methylprednisolone(MP) to construct an in vitro FHN model,followed by inhibition or activation of ERS or hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) to further investigate the mechanism of apoptosis in cartilage.The results suggested that cartilage appeared to be the appropriate tissue to investigate the potential mechanisms of FHN,as the degree of cartilage damage was found to be closely related to the severity of the disease.Bone quality was only affected in FHSL broilers,although factors related to bone metabolism were significantly altered among FHN-affected broilers.In addition,cartilage in FHN-affected broilers exhibited high levels of apoptosis and upregulated expression of ERS-related and HIF-1α,which was consistent with both in vivo and in vitro findings after MP treatment.The results were further supported by treatment with HIF-1α or ERS inhibition or activation.In conclusion,bone remodeling and cartilage homeostasis were affected in FHN broilers,but only cartilage damage was significantly exacerbated with FHN development.Moreover,activation of ERS or HIF-1α resulted in apoptosis in cartilage,thus exhibiting a significant correlation with FHN severity.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2101604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20123,22278339)+1 种基金Fujian Provincial Key Science and Technology Program of China(No.2022YZ037013)Xiamen University for the financial support.
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The approach to biomass,as the only true full-scale alternative to fossil resources,is progressing rapidly.Converting biomass into furanic compounds,as versatile platform chemicals for synthesizing a wide range of bio-based products is the cornerstone of sustainable technologies.The extensive body of this review combines the biomass valorization to furanic compounds by CO_(2)utilization and furanic compounds conversion by CO_(2)fixation.These processes can be strategically applied through both‘thermochemical’and‘electrochemical’pathways,by utilizing CO_(2)from the atmosphere or industrial emission point and returning it to the natural carbon cycle.In the thermochemical pathway CO_(2)acts as a carbon source(carboxylation and polymerization)or active reaction assistant in the biomass conversion(CO_(2)-assisted conversion),without altering its oxidation state,facilitating the synthesis of valuable products and polymers.Conversely,in the electrochemical pathway,CO_(2)can be used as a carbon source(electrocarboxylation)to give the corresponding carboxylic acid,or it can undergo reduction,yielding methanol,carbon monoxide(CO),formic acid,and analogous compounds,while on the other side,furanic compounds undergo oxidation yielding high-value-added chemicals.Finally,potential future research directions are suggested to promote CO_(2)utilization and fixation in the valorization of biomass-derived furanic compounds,and challenges facing further research are highlighted.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province,No.202401AS070086(to ZW)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2018YFA0801403(to ZW)+1 种基金Yunnan Science and Technology Talent and Platform Plan,No.202105AC160041(to ZW)the Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31960120(to ZW)。
文摘Traumatic brain injury can be categorized into primary and secondary injuries.Secondary injuries are the main cause of disability following traumatic brain injury,which involves a complex multicellular cascade.Microglia play an important role in secondary injury and can be activated in response to traumatic brain injury.In this article,we review the origin and classification of microglia as well as the dynamic changes of microglia in traumatic brain injury.We also clarify the microglial polarization pathways and the therapeutic drugs targeting activated microglia.We found that regulating the signaling pathways involved in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory microglia,such as the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B,mitogen-activated protein kinase,Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription,phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B,Notch,and high mobility group box 1 pathways,can alleviate the inflammatory response triggered by microglia in traumatic brain injury,thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.We also reviewed the strategies developed on the basis of these pathways,such as drug and cell replacement therapies.Drugs that modulate inflammatory factors,such as rosuvastatin,have been shown to promote the polarization of antiinflammatory microglia and reduce the inflammatory response caused by traumatic brain injury.Mesenchymal stem cells possess anti-inflammatory properties,and clinical studies have confirmed their significant efficacy and safety in patients with traumatic brain injury.Additionally,advancements in mesenchymal stem cell-delivery methods—such as combinations of novel biomaterials,genetic engineering,and mesenchymal stem cell exosome therapy—have greatly enhanced the efficiency and therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells in animal models.However,numerous challenges in the application of drug and mesenchymal stem cell treatment strategies remain to be addressed.In the future,new technologies,such as single-cell RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis,can facilitate further experimental studies.Moreover,research involving non-human primates can help translate these treatment strategies to clinical practice.
文摘Alcohol intake is associated with increased mortality worldwide,particularly liver diseases,making it imperative to explore innovative strategies for managing alcohol-related liver disease.In this study,t he efficacy of Scytosiphon lomentaria fucoidan(SLF)in alleviating alcohol-induced liver injury was evaluated in a mouse model.It showed that SLF increased body weight and colon length,while reducing liver index,serum lipid,alanine aminotransferase,and aspartate aminotransferase in alcohol-treated mice.SLF inhibited inflammatory response in the liver by reducing inflammatory infiltration and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines.It can be associated with the alleviation of oxidative stress and the inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB pathway.SLF modulated alcohol-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota,including a reduction in Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria,and improved metabolites profile,primarily affecting short chain fatty acids and amino acids metabolism.In addition,SLF reduced the level of total bile acids,regulated the profile of bile acids,and increased the levels of farnesoid X receptor(FXR)and AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK),suggesting that SLF can alleviate alcohol-induced liver injury by regulating bile acid-FXR/AMPK pathway.This study suggests that SLF holds the potential to alleviate the adverse effect of alcohol on the liver via the gut-liver axis.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42207148)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Quanzhou,China(Nos.2025QZNS002 and 2022N030)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(No.2022J01573)the Educational Research Project for Young and Middle-Aged Teachers in Fujian Province,China(No.JAT210042)the Open Project Fund of Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources,Ministry of Natural Resources of China(Nos.HY202201 and HY202202)。
文摘Pyrethroids are a class of novel broad-spectrum pesticides synthesized to mimic natural pyrethrins.Due to their high efficiency,low toxicity,and safety,pyrethroids have been widely used as alternatives to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in the control of agricultural and sanitary pests.However,with the increasing use of pyrethroid pesticides,the resulting pesticide residues have posed threats to both the environment and human health.Biodegradation is considered one of the most promising methods for the removal of pyrethroids,and significant research has been conducted in this area.This review summarizes recent advances in the biodegradation of pyrethroids,including degradation by single strains,microbial consortia,and enzymes.It provides an in-depth analysis of the biodegradation pathways and catalytic mechanisms involved in the degradation of pyrethroids and outlines enhancement strategies for improving the activity of pyrethroid-degrading enzymes.The review also identifies current challenges in pyrethroid biodegradation and offers perspectives for future research.This review serves as a valuable reference for subsequent studies on pyrethroid biodegradation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82372552)the Excellent Youth of Natural Science Research Projects in Anhui Province Universities(2023AH030060)+1 种基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2408085Y016)Anhui Province Excellent Research and Innovation Team Project(2024AH010013)。
文摘The development of highly efficient and multifunctional nanozymes holds promise for addressing the challenges posed by drugresistant bacteria.Here,copper single-atom-loaded MoS_(2) nanozymes(CuSAs/MoS_(2))were developed to effectively combat drug-resistant bacteria by synergistically integrating the triple strategies of oxidative damage,cuproptosis-like death and disruption of cell wall synthesis.Density functional theory revealed that each Cu center coordinated with three sulfur ligands,enhancing the adsorption of H_(2)O_(2),which reduced the activation energy of the key step by 17%,thereby improving peroxidase-like(PODlike)activity.The generation of reactive oxygen species in combination with CuSAs/MoS_(2) glutathione peroxidase-like(GSH-Px-like)for glutathione scavenging resulted in an imbalance in redox homeostasis within bacteria.CuSAs/MoS_(2),which act as nanopioneers,drive oxidative stress to initiate the process of cuproptosis-like death,leading to abnormal aggregation of lipoylated proteins and inactivation of iron-sulfur cluster proteins.Moreover,CuSAs/MoS_(2) inhibited the biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan synthesis precursors D-glutamate and m-diaminopimelic acid and disrupted the peptidoglycan cross-linking process mediated by penicillin-binding proteins,effectively blocking the compensatory cell wall remodeling pathway ofβ-lactam-resistant bacteria.Overall,CuSAs/MoS_(2) with multiple functions can not only efficiently kill bacteria but also decelerate the development of bacterial resistance to combat drug-resistant bacterial infections.
基金funded by Yunnan Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program(YNWR-QNBJ2018-173)Agricultural Joint project of Yunnan Provincial S&T Programs(202301BD070001-195)+2 种基金S&T project of Yunnan provincial finance(K212020001-01)supported by Yunnan Province Education Department’s Engineering Research Center of Eco-friendly Products from Yunnan Characteristic Edible FungiYunnan Province Yongsheng County Farmer Academician Technology service station.
文摘Muscle atrophy can be induced by high doses or prolonged use of glucocorticoids.Kaempferol(Kae)is a naturally occurring flavonoid with a variety of biological activities and the effect of Kae on dexamethasone(Dex)induced muscle atrophy in animals has not been elucidated.To explore this issue,the present experiments used a computationally assisted drug design scheme combining network pharmacology,molecular docking and in vivo experiments to investigate the mechanism of Kae against muscle atrophy.Network pharmacological analyses revealed 275 potential targets for Kae and 12294 potential targets for muscle atrophy,with a total of 228 crosstargets for Kae and muscle atrophy.GO and KEGG analyses were performed based on the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of muscle atrophy and Kae component targets.The GO results showed that the biological processes were mainly related to the metabolic process of reactive oxygen species,and the response to oxidative stress;the cellular components were mainly focused on membrane microdomains,and membrane regions;the molecular functions mainly worked on phosphatase binding;and the KEGG pathway enrichment analyses identified the pathways of interaction between Kae and muscle atrophy.Finally,as verified by in vivo experiments,Kae may reduce the onset of muscle atrophy by activating the PI3K/AKT/m TOR/signalling pathway,inhibiting Foxo1/Foxo3 activity,and inhibiting downstream production of the ubiquitination 3 ligases Atrogin1 and Mu RF1;Kae also promotes the expression of NRF2/HO-1/KEAP1 signalling pathway,enhances muscle antioxidant capacity,inhibits the release of COX-2 and TNF-αinflammatory factors,and reduces the damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammatory factors to muscles.Therefore,there may be a synergistic effect of PI3K/AKT/m TOR and NRF2/HO-1/KEAP1 in Kae working together to prevent muscle atrophy.The binding energy and stability of Kae to potential targets were examined by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations,implying that Kae could be used for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy in patients.
文摘Educational cooperation,as the cornerstone and vanguard of people-to-people exchanges and practical cooperation between China and Africa,holds irreplaceable strategic significance for enhancing the quality of Africa's human capital and accelerating its structural transformation and modernization process.This paper employs“demand–supply–adaptation”as its core analytical framework and aims to systematically explore how the educational cooperation between China and Africa can serve Africa's goal of modernization more precisely and effectively.First,through reviewing and analyzing the domestic and international research literature,this paper clarifies the focus,paradigms,and shortcomings of existing research,identifying the knowledge contribution of this study.Second,utilizing detailed macro-level data,case studies,and comparative research methods,it comprehensively presents the multidimensional status,structural characteristics,and development trends of China–Africa educational cooperation in areas such as student exchanges,cooperative education,vocational and technical training,language and cultural exchange,and emerging digital education.This paper also deeply analyzes the pressing and specific demands placed on the education system by Africa's modernization development across key dimensions like economic diversification,industrialization,agricultural modernization,social governance upgrading,and digital transformation.Third,based on the cooperative principle of“Africa's needs and China's strengths,”this paper innovatively proposes systematic countermeasures and suggestions for constructing new,multi-level,high-quality,sustainable,and future-oriented pathways for China–Africa educational cooperation:(a)promoting the strategic focus of cooperation to extend from“hard infrastructure”support to empowering“soft infrastructure”;(b)deepening the integration of industry and education and school–enterprise collaboration to precisely align with Africa's industrial development needs;vigorously developing digital education and jointly building a smart education ecosystem to help Africa bridge the digital divide;(c)improving an evidence-based,third-party evaluation system for cooperative effectiveness and a full-process quality assurance system;and(d)promoting the collaborative participation of multiple actors including governments,schools,enterprises,think tanks,and social organizations to build a new cooperative pattern of coconstruction,co-governance,and shared benefits.
基金supported by the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key R&D Program,China(2023BCF01003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472711 and 32060672)the Agricultural Breeding Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(NXNYYZ202101)。
文摘Cold stress represents a critical constraint on crop productivity,particularly in temperate climates.Despite the established role of abscisic acid(ABA)in cold stress responses,the precise mechanisms through which transcription factors mediate ABAdependent cold tolerance remain elusive.Here,we identify VaMYB4a,a MYB transcription factor from Vitis amurensis Rupr.(Amur grape),as a key regulator of cold tolerance.It integrates ABA signaling with the CBF(C-repeat binding factors)-COR(cold-regulated)pathway to orchestrate cold stress adaptation.Through a combination of overexpression and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout lines in Arabidopsis thaliana,grape callus,and Vitis vinifera L.seedlings,we demonstrate that VaMYB4a enhances freezing tolerance by promoting osmotic regulation,reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging,and stomatal closure.VaMYB4a functions as a homo-dimer,with its C-terminal domain being essential for transcriptional activation.Mechanistically,VaMYB4a directly upregulates CBF and COR genes while fine-tuning ABA signaling components such as ABI1 and ABF4.Notably,ABA exhibits a dual role:enhancing VaMYB4a-mediated freezing tolerance under short-term stress but attenuating its effects during prolonged cold exposure,revealing an intricate regulatory crosstalk between cold and hormonal pathways.Our work not only advances the molecular understanding of cold adaptation but also provides a promising genetic target for developing stress-resilient grape varieties to mitigate the impacts of climate change.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52101279)the Key Scientific Research Foundation of Education department of Hunan Province(No.24A0003)the Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Hunan Province(No.21B000)and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University.
文摘Accelerated industrialization combined with over-applied nitrogen fertilizers results in serious nitrate pollution insurface and ground water,disrupting the balance of the global nitrogen cycle.Electrochemical nitrate reduction(eNO_(3)RR)emerges as an attractive strategy to simultaneously enable nitrate removal and decentralized ammo-nia fabrication,restoring the globally perturbed nitrogen cycle.However,complex deoxygenation-hydrogenationprocesses and sluggish proton-electron transfer kinetics significantly hinder practical application of eNO_(3)RR.In this study,we developed carbon-coated Cu-Ni bimetallic catalysts derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)to facilitate eNO_(3)RR.The unique structural features of catalyst promote enhanced synergy between Cuand Ni,effectively addressing critical challenges in nitrate reduction.Comprehensive structural and electrochem-ical analysis demonstrate that electrochemical nitrate-to-nitrite conversion mainly takes place on active Cu sites,the introduction of Ni could efficiently accelerate the generation of aquatic active hydrogen,promoting the hy-drogenation of oxynitrides during eNO_(3)RR.In addition,Ni introduction could push up the d-band center of thecatalyst,thus enhancing the adsorption and activation of nitrate and the corresponding intermediates.Detailedreaction pathways for nitrate-to-ammonia conversion are illuminated by rotating disk electrode(RDE),in-situFourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,in-situ Raman spectrum and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).Benefiting from the synergistic effect of Cu and Ni,optimum catalyst exhibited excellent nitrate reductionperformance.This work provides a new idea for elucidating the underlying eNO_(3)RR reaction mechanisms andcontributes a promising strategy for designing efficient bimetallic electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170824 and 32322027 to X.M.)HRHI program of Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine(1011103360222B1 to X.M.)+1 种基金"Pioneer"and"Leading Goose"R&D Program of Zhejiang(2024SSYS0034)State Key Laboratory of Gene Expression.
文摘Tumors are defined by uncontrolled cell proliferation(Hariharan and Bilder,2006).Benign tumors are typically slow-growing and localized,while malignant ones are invasive and aggressive.The nuclear receptor Eip75B(E75),a heme-binding protein responsive to ecdysone signaling,encodes three major isoforms,E75A,E75B,and E75C(Bialecki et al.,2002),among them,only E75A and E75C contain zinc finger domains that enable DNA binding.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.82405004,82474253)the Natural Science Foundation postdoctoral project of Chongqing(CSTB2022NSCQ-BHX0709)+2 种基金Chongqing Wanzhou District doctoral“through train”scientific research project(wzstc-20220124)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.Cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0996)Chongqing Wanzhou District Science and Health Joint Medical Research Project(wzstc-kw2023032)。
文摘Background:ZhiZi-BoPi Decoction(ZZBPD),a traditional prescription for liver and gallbladder protection,has garnered significant clinical interest due to its hepatoprotective properties.Despite its proven efficacy in mitigating intrahepatic cholestasis,the precise mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain inadequately understood.This study aims to comprehensively investigate the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of ZZBPD in cholestatic liver injury(CLI).Methods:Firstly,we evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of ZZBPD on mice with CLI induced byα-naphthylisothiocyanate(ANIT),by measuring biochemical markers,inflammatory factors,and bile acid levels.Subsequently,we employed network pharmacology and single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)to identify key targets and potential signaling pathways for the prevention and treatment of CLI.Finally,we further validated the mechanism of action of ZZBPD on these key targets through molecular docking,western blotting,and immunofluorescence techniques.Results:ZZBPD notably improved serum liver function,reduced hepatic inflammation,and restored bile acid balance.Through network pharmacology and scRNA-seq analysis,48 core targets were identified,including TNF,IL-6,and NFKB1,all of which are linked to the IL-17 and NF-κB signaling pathways,as shown by KEGG enrichment analysis.Molecular docking further confirmed stable interactions between ZZBPD’s key active components and molecules such as IL-6,IL-17,and NF-κB.Additionally,western blotting and immunofluorescence validated the downregulation of IL-17 and NF-κB protein expression in liver tissue.Conclusion:ZZBPD effectively treats CLI by activating pathways related to the bile acid receptor FXR,while also modulating the IL-17/NF-κB signaling pathway.This dual action enhances bile secretion and alleviates liver inflammation.These findings offer important insights into the pharmacological mechanisms of ZZBPD and underscore its potential as a promising therapeutic for CLI.
