The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into value-added chemicals and fuels has been extensively studied as a promising strategy for mitigating environmental issues and achieving sustainable energy con...The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into value-added chemicals and fuels has been extensively studied as a promising strategy for mitigating environmental issues and achieving sustainable energy conversion.Substantial efforts have been made to improve the understanding of CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)mechanisms by computational and spectroscopic studies.An in-depth understanding of CO_(2)RR mechanism can provide the guidance and criteria for designing high-efficiency catalysts,and hence,steering CO_(2)RR to desired products.This review systematically discusses the formation mechanisms and reaction pathways of various CO_(2)RR products,including C_(1)products(CO,HCOOH,and CH_(4)),C_(2)products(C_(2)H_(4),C_(2)H_(5)OH,and CH_(3)COOH),and C_(3+)products(C_(3)H_(6),C_(3)H_(7)OH,and others).The reaction pathways are elucidated by analyzing the adsorption behavior,energy barriers,and intermediate coupling steps involved in the generation of each product.Particular emphasis is placed on the key intermediates,such as^(*)OCHO,^(*)COOH,^(*)CO,^(*)OCCOH,and^(*)CCO,which play crucial roles in determining the product selectivity.The effects of catalyst composition,morphology,and electronic structure on the adsorption and activation of these intermediates are also discussed.Moreover,advanced characterization techniques,including in-situ spectroscopy and isotopic labeling experiments,are highlighted for their contributions to unraveling the reaction mechanisms.The review aims to provide critical insights to reveal the activity-determining para meters and underlying CO_(2)RR mechanisms,which will guide the rational design of next-generation electrocatalysts for selective CO^(2)RR towards high-value products.展开更多
The large-scale exploitation of vanadium(Ⅴ) bearing minerals has led to a massive accumulation of Ⅴ tailings, of which Ⅴ pollution poses severe ecological risks. Although the mechanisms of Ⅴ stress to the microbia...The large-scale exploitation of vanadium(Ⅴ) bearing minerals has led to a massive accumulation of Ⅴ tailings, of which Ⅴ pollution poses severe ecological risks. Although the mechanisms of Ⅴ stress to the microbial community have been reported, the influential pathways in a multi-medium-containing system, for example, the soil-tailings-groundwater system,are unknown. The dynamic redox conditions and substance exchange within the system exhibited complex Ⅴ stress on the local microbial communities. In this study, the influence pathways of Ⅴ stress to the microbial community in the soil-tailings-groundwater system were first investigated. High Ⅴ contents were observed in groundwater(139.2 ± 0.15 μg/L) and soil(98.0–323.8 ± 0.02 mg/kg), respectively. Distinct microbial composition was observed for soil and groundwater, where soil showed the highest level of diversity and richness. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were dominant in soil and groundwater with a sum relative abundance of around 80 %. Based on redundancy analysis and structural equation models, Ⅴ was one of the vital driving factors affecting microbial communities. Groundwater microbial communities were influenced by Ⅴ via Cr, dissolved oxygen, and total nitrogen, while Fe, Mn, and total phosphorus were the key mediators for Ⅴ to affect soil microbial communities. Ⅴ affected the microbial community via metabolic pathways related to carbonaceous matter, which was involved in the establishment of survival strategies for metal stress. This study provides novel insights into the influence pathways of Ⅴ on the microorganisms in tailings reservoir for pollution bioremediation.展开更多
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma stands out as an exceptionally fatal cancer owing to the complexities associated with its treatment and diagnosis,leading to a notably low five-year survival rate.This study offers a d...Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma stands out as an exceptionally fatal cancer owing to the complexities associated with its treatment and diagnosis,leading to a notably low five-year survival rate.This study offers a detailed exploration of epidemiological trends in pancreatic cancer and key molecular drivers,such as mutations in CDKN2A,KRAS,SMAD4,and TP53,along with the influence of cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)on disease progression.In particular,we focused on the pivotal roles of signaling pathways such as the transforming growth factor-βand Wnt/β-catenin pathways in the development of pancreatic cancer and investigated their application in emerging therapeutic strategies.This study provides new scientific perspectives on pancreatic cancer treatment,especially in the development of precision medicine and targeted therapeutic strategies,and demonstrates the importance of signaling pathway research in the development of effective therapeutic regimens.Future studies should explore the subtypes of CAFs and their specific roles in the tumor microenvironment to devise more effective therapeutic methods.展开更多
Background:Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs),including Alzheimer‘s disease,Parkinson‘s disease,and Huntington‘s disease,are complex and challenging due to their intricate pathophysiology and limited treatment options...Background:Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs),including Alzheimer‘s disease,Parkinson‘s disease,and Huntington‘s disease,are complex and challenging due to their intricate pathophysiology and limited treatment options.Methods:This review systematically sourced articles related to neurodegenerative diseases,neurodegeneration,quercetin,and clinical studies from primary medical databases,including Scopus,PubMed,and Web of Science.Results:Recent studies have included quercetin to impact the cellular and molecular pathways involved in neurodegeneration.Quercetin,a flavonoid abundant in vegetables and fruits,is gaining attention for its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antiapoptotic properties.It regulates signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),sirtuins,and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt).These pathways are essential for cellular survival,inflammation regulation,and apoptosis.Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that quercetin improves symptoms and pathology in neurodegenerative models,indicating promising outcomes.Conclusions:The study explores the potential of incorporating laboratory research into practical medical treatment,focusing on quercetin‘s neuroprotective effects on NDs and its optimal dosage.展开更多
Steroidal alkaloids are the main active components in many medicinal plants and exhibit diverse biological activities.Axillaridine A(AA)is a newly discovered steroidal alkaloid.However,whether AA could suppress osteoc...Steroidal alkaloids are the main active components in many medicinal plants and exhibit diverse biological activities.Axillaridine A(AA)is a newly discovered steroidal alkaloid.However,whether AA could suppress osteoclastogenesis and alleviate ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice remains unknown.In vitro,AA significantly suppressed the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)ligand(RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation via downregulating the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related marker genes,proteins,and transcriptional regulators,including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP),c-Src,matrix metallopeptidase-9(MMP-9),cathepsin K,nuclear factor of activated T cells,cytoplasmic 1(NFATc1),and c-Fos.This was achieved by blocking RANKL-RANK interaction and inhibiting RANKL-mediated RANK signaling pathways,including NF-κB,AKT,and mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)in osteoclast precursors.In vivo,AA significantly inhibited the ovariectomized(OVX)-induced body weight gain and blood glucose increase in mice.AA did not adversely affect the histomorphologies,weights,and indices of the kidney and liver in OVX mice.AA effectively ameliorated bone loss in OVX mice by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.AA significantly inhibited the serum levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP-5b)and C-telopeptide of type I collagen(CTX-I).AA significantly inhibited the OVX-induced expression of osteoclastogenesis-related marker genes and proteins in the femur.In summary,AA alleviates ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice by suppressing osteoclastogenesis via inhibition of RANKL-mediated RANK signaling pathways and could be potentially used for the prevention and treatment of osteoclastrelated diseases such as osteoporosis.展开更多
The published article titled“Procaine inhibits the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells through inactivation of the ERK/MAPK/FAK pathways by regulation of RhoA”has been retracted from Oncology Research,...The published article titled“Procaine inhibits the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells through inactivation of the ERK/MAPK/FAK pathways by regulation of RhoA”has been retracted from Oncology Research,Vol.26,No.2,2018,pp.209–217.展开更多
Glaucoma,a degenerative optic neuropathy,causes retinal ganglion cell(RGC)apoptosis and irreversible vision loss.Current therapies often fail to stop disease progression despite lowering intraocular pressure,the main ...Glaucoma,a degenerative optic neuropathy,causes retinal ganglion cell(RGC)apoptosis and irreversible vision loss.Current therapies often fail to stop disease progression despite lowering intraocular pressure,the main risk factor.Thus,neuroprotective strategies have gained interest.We performed a bibliometric analysis to determine global publishing trends and relationships among prolific authors,publications,institutions,funding agencies,and journals.We also analyzed author keywords to identify research hotspots in glaucoma neuroprotection.Further,based on keyword analysis,we reviewed most recent literature to understand mechanistic pathways underlying glaucomarelated pathophysiological responses leading to RGC loss.Bibliographic data were sourced from Scopus.Basic bibliographic features were characterized using Scopus’s functions.VOSviewer was used for mapping and visualizing bibliometric networks.The analysis included trends in publications since 2000,the most prolific countries,institutions,authors,and the strength of their linkages.A significant increase in publication output over the past two decades was noted.The United States leads in funding support,research output,and citation links,followed by China and the UK.Among the top 10 most cited authors,three are from Japanese institutions.Keyword analysis shows a focus on molecular targets related to ischemia,excitotoxicity,inflammation,and oxidative stress,with fewer emerging drug candidates and limited clinical trials.Based on the most recent literature,emerging molecular targets underlying these key pathophysiological mechanisms are summarized.In conclusion,while pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms are the current focus,there is not much progress in developing new drug candidates and conducting clinical trials.展开更多
Osteogenesis is the process of bone formation mediated by the osteoblasts,participating in various bone-related physiological processes including bone development,bone homeostasis and fracture healing.It exhibits temp...Osteogenesis is the process of bone formation mediated by the osteoblasts,participating in various bone-related physiological processes including bone development,bone homeostasis and fracture healing.It exhibits temporal and spatial interconnectivity with angiogenesis,constructed by multiple forms of cell communication occurring between bone and vascular endothelial cells.Molecular regulation among different cell types is crucial for coordinating osteogenesis and angiogenesis to facilitate bone remodeling,fracture healing,and other bone-related processes.The transmission of signaling molecules and the activation of their corresponding signal pathways are indispensable for various forms of cell communication.This communication acts as a“bridge”in coupling osteogenesis to angiogenesis.This article reviews the modes and processes of cell communication in osteogenesisangiogenesis coupling over the past decade,mainly focusing on interactions among bone-related cells and vascular endothelial cells to provide insights into the mechanism of cell communication of osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling in different bone-related contexts.Moreover,clinical relevance and applications are also introduced in this review.展开更多
In 2025,the 22nd China-ASEAN Expo(CAEXPO)is bringing the spotlight to artificial intelligence(AI),placing enterprises at the center of engagement,and supporting development of a closer China-ASEAN community with a sha...In 2025,the 22nd China-ASEAN Expo(CAEXPO)is bringing the spotlight to artificial intelligence(AI),placing enterprises at the center of engagement,and supporting development of a closer China-ASEAN community with a shared future.展开更多
Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely interrelated processes that are pivotal to the impaired wound healing associated with diabetes.Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetic patients induces excessive reactive oxygen...Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely interrelated processes that are pivotal to the impaired wound healing associated with diabetes.Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetic patients induces excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,which triggers heightened inflammatory responses.The resulting inflammation exacerbates oxidative damage,delays wound closure,and intensifies tissue injury,thereby creating a detrimental cycle that disrupts normal wound healing.Recent research has increasingly focused on the therapeutic potential of natural products in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation to enhance diabetic wound healing.Natural compounds,such as polyphenols,flavonoids,and terpenoids,have demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing oxidative damage and modulating inflammatory pathways.These bioactive agents exhibit potent antioxidant activity by scavenging ROS and enhancing endogenous antioxidant defenses while concurrently inhibiting the release of proinflammatory cytokines.Additionally,natural therapies have been shown to promote angiogenesis,enhance collagen synthesis,and improve fibroblast function,further facilitating wound repair.This review provides insights into the complex interplay between oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic wound healing and evaluates the therapeutic potential of natural products as adjunctive treatments.Further clinical investigations are essential to validate the efficacy and safety of these natural interventions for diabetic wound management.展开更多
Angelica sinensis,a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb with the unique property of being both a medicine and an edible plant,has been widely used for promoting blood circulation,modulating immunity,and reli...Angelica sinensis,a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb with the unique property of being both a medicine and an edible plant,has been widely used for promoting blood circulation,modulating immunity,and relieving pain.This review comprehensively investigates the extraction methods,structural characteristics,and biological activities of its primary bioactive components,such as polysaccharides,volatile oils,organic acids,and flavonoids.The biosynthesis pathways of these compounds,along with the key enzymes and transcription factors involved,are investigated to understand the factors influencing their synthesis and accumulation.Additionally,the biological activities of A.sinensis,including hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,immunemodulatory,anti-tumor,circulatory benefits,and neuroprotection,along with their underlying mechanisms are introduced.These findings provide a solid foundation for the development of A.sinensis as a valuable resource in functional foods and pharmaceutical products.展开更多
Chronic kidney disease(CKD)affects a significant fraction of the global population and is closely associated with elevated cardiovascular risk and poor clinical outcomes.Its pathophysiology entails complex molecular a...Chronic kidney disease(CKD)affects a significant fraction of the global population and is closely associated with elevated cardiovascular risk and poor clinical outcomes.Its pathophysiology entails complex molecular and cellular disturbances,including reduced nitric oxide bioavailability,persistent low-grade inflammation,oxidative stress,endothelial dysfunction,altered mineral metabolism,genetic predispositions,and uremic toxin accumulation.As current pharmacological treatments provide only partial risk reduction,complementary approaches are imperative.Exercise training,both aerobic and resistance,has emerged as a potent non-pharmacological intervention targeting these underlying molecular pathways.Regular exercise can enhance nitric oxide signaling,improve antioxidant defenses,attenuate inflammation,facilitate endothelial repair via endothelial progenitor cells,and stabilize muscle metabolism.Additionally,accumulating evidence points to a genetic dimension in CKD susceptibility and progression.Variants in genes such as APOL1,PKD1,PKD2,UMOD,and COL4A3–5 shape disease onset and severity,and may modulate response to interventions.Exercise may help buffer these genetic risks by inducing epigenetic changes,improving mitochondrial function,and optimizing crosstalk between muscle,adipose tissue,and the vasculature.This review synthesizes how exercise training can ameliorate key molecular mediators in CKD,emphasizing the interplay with genetic and epigenetic factors.We integrate evidence from clinical and experimental studies,discussing how personalized exercise prescriptions,informed by patients’genetic backgrounds and nutritional strategies(such as adequate protein intake),could enhance outcomes.Although large-scale trials linking molecular adaptations to long-term endpoints are needed,current knowledge strongly supports incorporating exercise as a cornerstone in CKD management to counteract pervasive molecular derangements and leverage genetic insights for individualized care.展开更多
In the context of urbanization,air pollution has emerged as a significant environmental challenge.A thorough understanding of their transport pathways,especially at a national scale,is essential for environmental prot...In the context of urbanization,air pollution has emerged as a significant environmental challenge.A thorough understanding of their transport pathways,especially at a national scale,is essential for environmental protection and policy-making.However,it remains partially elusive due to the constraints of available data and analytical methods.This study proposed a data-driven spatiotemporal correlation analysis method employing the Dynamic Time Warping(DTW).We represented the first comprehensive attempt to chart the long-term and nationwide transport pathways of PM_(2.5) utilizing an extensive dataset spanning from 2000 to 2021 across China,which is crucial for understanding long-term air pollution trends.Compared with traditional chemical transport models(CTMs),this data-driven method can generate transport pathways of PM_(2.5) without requiring extensive meteorological or emission data,and suggesting fundamentally consistent spatial distribution and trends.Our analysis reveals that China’s transport pathways are notably pronounced in the Northwest(34%of the total pathways in China),Southwest(22%),and North(21%)regions,with less significant pathways in the Northeast(10%)region and isolated occurrences elsewhere.Additionally,a notable decrease in the number of China’s PM_(2.5) transport pathways,similar to annual average concentrations,was observed after 2013,aligning with stricter environmental regulations.Furthermore,we have demonstrated the feasibility of applying our method to the transport pathways of other gaseous pollutants.The approach is effective in detecting and quantifying air pollutants’transport pathways,even in regions like the Northwest with limited monitoring infrastructure,which may aid in environmental decision-making.The study will notably improve the current understanding of air pollutants’transport process,providing a new perspective for studying the large-scale spatiotemporal correlations.展开更多
Lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in gastric cancer(GC)progression,characterized by complex metabolic reprogramming that supports tumor growth and survival.This narrative review comprehensively examines the dysreg...Lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in gastric cancer(GC)progression,characterized by complex metabolic reprogramming that supports tumor growth and survival.This narrative review comprehensively examines the dysregulation of lipid metabolism-associated genes,including fatty acid synthase(FASN),ATPcitrate lyase,acetyl-CoA carboxylases,FA binding proteins,sterol regulatory element-binding proteins,and other key enzymes.These genes facilitate critical oncogenic processes by enhancing FA synthesis,modifying cellular signaling,and supporting cancer cell proliferation,migration,and therapy resistance.Metabolic adaptations observed in GC include increased de novo lipogenesis,altered enzymatic activities,and modified protein lipidation,which contribute to tumor aggressiveness.The review highlights the potential of targeting these metabolic pathways as a therapeutic strategy,demonstrating how inhibiting specific enzymes like FASN,ATP-citrate lyase,and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 can induce apoptosis,disrupt cancer stem cell properties,and potentially overcome treatment resistance.By elucidating the intricate interactions between lipid metabolism genes and cancer progression,this review provides insights into novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for managing GC.展开更多
Cancer remains a significant challenge to public health worldwide and ranks among the leading contributors to mortality in diverse populations.This persistent impact underscores the need for proactive approaches to red...Cancer remains a significant challenge to public health worldwide and ranks among the leading contributors to mortality in diverse populations.This persistent impact underscores the need for proactive approaches to reduce its incidence.Chemoprevention focuses on interrupting tumor development through naturally occurring compounds,particularly plant-derived bioactive com-pounds.These phytochemicals exert protective effects by modulating key molecular pathways and enhancing detoxification.Of particular interest are those that regulate phase I and II enzymes,facilitating carcinogen elimination and mitigating cellular damage associated with cancer progression.This review examines phytochemicals from plant-derived functional foods that enhance detoxification pathways for cancer prevention,summarizing current evidence and future directions for their clinical application and dietary integration.Emphasis is placed on specific bioactive constituents,such as sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables,organosulfur compounds in garlic,betanin from beetroot,a spectrum of citrus fruitflavonoids includingβ-cryptoxanthin,hesperidin,and nobiletin,epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea,and curcumin derived from turmeric.These naturally occurring compounds regulate enzymatic pathways involved in xenobiotic metabolism,underscoring their relevance in nutritional oncology.Findings from diverse experimental models show they inhibit phase I enzymes,induce phase II detox enzymes,activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway,and modulate gene expression epigenetically.Collectively,these multifaceted actions contribute to their protective role against carcinogenesis.Although natural approaches show promise for cancer prevention,they face challenges related to bioavailability,standardization,and clinical validation,necessitating further research for effective integration into evidence-based oncology.展开更多
Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a cornerstone of global food security,feeding over a third of the world’s population and functioning as a critical economic crop across diverse agroecological zones(FAO 2022).However,whe...Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a cornerstone of global food security,feeding over a third of the world’s population and functioning as a critical economic crop across diverse agroecological zones(FAO 2022).However,wheat production faces mounting challenges from climate volatility,resource depletion,and the pressing demand for sustainable intensification.展开更多
As a traditional model for inheriting Chinese medicine,apprenticeship education has evolved over millennia into a distinctive talent cultivation system.In the new era characterized by upholding tradition while pursuin...As a traditional model for inheriting Chinese medicine,apprenticeship education has evolved over millennia into a distinctive talent cultivation system.In the new era characterized by upholding tradition while pursuing innovation,apprenticeship education serves not only as the core vehicle for sustaining Chinese medical scholarship but also as the key support for resolving contemporary challenges in cultivating TCM professionals.This paper traces the historical evolution and policy context of apprenticeship education,analyzes its current development status and underlying contradictions,and systematically elucidates its irreplaceable value in dimensions such as academic inheritance,critical thinking cultivation,and cultural continuity.By integrating technological innovation and policy guidance,it outlines development pathways to provide practical references for constructing a modernized TCM education system.展开更多
This study tracked the characteristics of atmospheric wet deposition of the toxic element arsenic(As)at both urban(Guangzhou(GZ))and forested(Dinghushan Natural Reserve(DHS))sites within the Pearl River Delta(PRD)regi...This study tracked the characteristics of atmospheric wet deposition of the toxic element arsenic(As)at both urban(Guangzhou(GZ))and forested(Dinghushan Natural Reserve(DHS))sites within the Pearl River Delta(PRD)region between 2016 and 2019,examining its correlation with rainfall patterns.Additionally,by employing backward trajectory analysis and the potential source contribution function(PSCF)in conjunction with pertinent emission inventories,we pinpointed the main pathways of atmospheric arsenic transport and evaluated the emission contributions from priority source areas.The study revealed that the atmospheric arsenic wet deposition fluxes at the GZ and DHS sites exhibited a trend of increase followed by a decrease over the four-year period.Wet season deposition fluxes were more than triple those of the dry season,with urban site showing a difference of over four times.Notably,wet season As deposition at both sites was predominantly affected by heavy rainfall from marine air masses,constituting 31%of the total deposition.The predominant trajectory directions contributing to arsenic deposition at GZ and DHS were northeast(55%)and south(53%),respectively.The primary source areas for both sites were largely outside the PRD region,with the GZ site having 80%to 95%of its source area in the non-PRD region,compared to 69%to 88%at the DHS site.Furthermore,non-PRD areas contributed approximately 65%to arsenic emissions for both sites,with the industrial sector being the dominant emission source,exceeding 97%of the total emissions.展开更多
In the article“MicroRNA-101 Targets CXCL12-Mediated Akt and Snail Signaling Pathways to Inhibit Cellular Proliferation and Invasion in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma”(Oncology Research.2019 Jun 21;27(6):691-701,doi:10....In the article“MicroRNA-101 Targets CXCL12-Mediated Akt and Snail Signaling Pathways to Inhibit Cellular Proliferation and Invasion in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma”(Oncology Research.2019 Jun 21;27(6):691-701,doi:10.3727/096504018X15426763753594),the IHC images for CXCL12 and Bcl-2 expressions in adjacent noncancer tissues(NCT)shown in Fig.5E were unintentionally duplicated.And Fig.5A,B was also unintentionally duplicated.These needed corrections to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data presented.展开更多
Small-scale farmland water conservancy projects are crucial infrastructure for ensuring agricultural production and enhancing water resource utilization efficiency,with their water-saving benefits directly linked to n...Small-scale farmland water conservancy projects are crucial infrastructure for ensuring agricultural production and enhancing water resource utilization efficiency,with their water-saving benefits directly linked to national food security and sustainable agricultural development.This study focuses on small-scale farmland water conservancy projects in China,identifying issues such as aging facilities,outdated technology,and management deficiencies through field research and data analysis.Targeted pathways for enhancing water-saving efficiency are proposed from three dimensions:engineering technology optimization,management mechanism innovation,and policy support.Research indicates that by promoting efficient water-saving technologies,establishing a diversified management model,and improving policy incentive mechanisms,the irrigation water utilization coefficient of small-scale farmland water conservancy projects can be increased by 0.1-0.15,and water consumption per unit area of farmland can be reduced by 15-20%.The findings provide theoretical references and practical guidance for the quality improvement and water-saving enhancement of small-scale farmland water conservancy projects in China.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 22225901,21975237 and 51702312)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant WK2340000101)+5 种基金the USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(Grant YD2340002007 and YD9990002017)the Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization(Grant RERU2022007)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grants 2023M733371,2024M750006 and 2023T160617)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade C)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20230008)the Natural Science Foundation Youth Project of Anhui Province(2408085QB065)the Postdoctoral Research Funding Project of Anhui Province(2023B727)。
文摘The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into value-added chemicals and fuels has been extensively studied as a promising strategy for mitigating environmental issues and achieving sustainable energy conversion.Substantial efforts have been made to improve the understanding of CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)mechanisms by computational and spectroscopic studies.An in-depth understanding of CO_(2)RR mechanism can provide the guidance and criteria for designing high-efficiency catalysts,and hence,steering CO_(2)RR to desired products.This review systematically discusses the formation mechanisms and reaction pathways of various CO_(2)RR products,including C_(1)products(CO,HCOOH,and CH_(4)),C_(2)products(C_(2)H_(4),C_(2)H_(5)OH,and CH_(3)COOH),and C_(3+)products(C_(3)H_(6),C_(3)H_(7)OH,and others).The reaction pathways are elucidated by analyzing the adsorption behavior,energy barriers,and intermediate coupling steps involved in the generation of each product.Particular emphasis is placed on the key intermediates,such as^(*)OCHO,^(*)COOH,^(*)CO,^(*)OCCOH,and^(*)CCO,which play crucial roles in determining the product selectivity.The effects of catalyst composition,morphology,and electronic structure on the adsorption and activation of these intermediates are also discussed.Moreover,advanced characterization techniques,including in-situ spectroscopy and isotopic labeling experiments,are highlighted for their contributions to unraveling the reaction mechanisms.The review aims to provide critical insights to reveal the activity-determining para meters and underlying CO_(2)RR mechanisms,which will guide the rational design of next-generation electrocatalysts for selective CO^(2)RR towards high-value products.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42377415)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2023NSFSC0811),Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2021JDTD0013 and 2021YFQ0066)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Major Project of Xizhang Autonomous Region of China(No.XZ202201ZD0004G06)the Everest Scientific Research Program(No.80000-2023ZF11405).
文摘The large-scale exploitation of vanadium(Ⅴ) bearing minerals has led to a massive accumulation of Ⅴ tailings, of which Ⅴ pollution poses severe ecological risks. Although the mechanisms of Ⅴ stress to the microbial community have been reported, the influential pathways in a multi-medium-containing system, for example, the soil-tailings-groundwater system,are unknown. The dynamic redox conditions and substance exchange within the system exhibited complex Ⅴ stress on the local microbial communities. In this study, the influence pathways of Ⅴ stress to the microbial community in the soil-tailings-groundwater system were first investigated. High Ⅴ contents were observed in groundwater(139.2 ± 0.15 μg/L) and soil(98.0–323.8 ± 0.02 mg/kg), respectively. Distinct microbial composition was observed for soil and groundwater, where soil showed the highest level of diversity and richness. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were dominant in soil and groundwater with a sum relative abundance of around 80 %. Based on redundancy analysis and structural equation models, Ⅴ was one of the vital driving factors affecting microbial communities. Groundwater microbial communities were influenced by Ⅴ via Cr, dissolved oxygen, and total nitrogen, while Fe, Mn, and total phosphorus were the key mediators for Ⅴ to affect soil microbial communities. Ⅴ affected the microbial community via metabolic pathways related to carbonaceous matter, which was involved in the establishment of survival strategies for metal stress. This study provides novel insights into the influence pathways of Ⅴ on the microorganisms in tailings reservoir for pollution bioremediation.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program Project,No.2017YFC1700601Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program Project,No.2018SF-350Leading Talents in Scientific and Technological Innovation of the Shaanxi Province Special Support Plan,No.00518。
文摘Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma stands out as an exceptionally fatal cancer owing to the complexities associated with its treatment and diagnosis,leading to a notably low five-year survival rate.This study offers a detailed exploration of epidemiological trends in pancreatic cancer and key molecular drivers,such as mutations in CDKN2A,KRAS,SMAD4,and TP53,along with the influence of cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)on disease progression.In particular,we focused on the pivotal roles of signaling pathways such as the transforming growth factor-βand Wnt/β-catenin pathways in the development of pancreatic cancer and investigated their application in emerging therapeutic strategies.This study provides new scientific perspectives on pancreatic cancer treatment,especially in the development of precision medicine and targeted therapeutic strategies,and demonstrates the importance of signaling pathway research in the development of effective therapeutic regimens.Future studies should explore the subtypes of CAFs and their specific roles in the tumor microenvironment to devise more effective therapeutic methods.
基金financially supporting this work through the Large Research Group Project under grant number R.G.P.2/510/45。
文摘Background:Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs),including Alzheimer‘s disease,Parkinson‘s disease,and Huntington‘s disease,are complex and challenging due to their intricate pathophysiology and limited treatment options.Methods:This review systematically sourced articles related to neurodegenerative diseases,neurodegeneration,quercetin,and clinical studies from primary medical databases,including Scopus,PubMed,and Web of Science.Results:Recent studies have included quercetin to impact the cellular and molecular pathways involved in neurodegeneration.Quercetin,a flavonoid abundant in vegetables and fruits,is gaining attention for its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antiapoptotic properties.It regulates signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),sirtuins,and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt).These pathways are essential for cellular survival,inflammation regulation,and apoptosis.Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that quercetin improves symptoms and pathology in neurodegenerative models,indicating promising outcomes.Conclusions:The study explores the potential of incorporating laboratory research into practical medical treatment,focusing on quercetin‘s neuroprotective effects on NDs and its optimal dosage.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82404638)the Xingdian Talent Plan of Yunnan Province(XDYC-QNRC-2023-0427 and XDYC-YLXZ2022-0025)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(202101BD070001-034,202101BD070001-049,202201AT070267,and 202201AU070183)。
文摘Steroidal alkaloids are the main active components in many medicinal plants and exhibit diverse biological activities.Axillaridine A(AA)is a newly discovered steroidal alkaloid.However,whether AA could suppress osteoclastogenesis and alleviate ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice remains unknown.In vitro,AA significantly suppressed the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)ligand(RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation via downregulating the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related marker genes,proteins,and transcriptional regulators,including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP),c-Src,matrix metallopeptidase-9(MMP-9),cathepsin K,nuclear factor of activated T cells,cytoplasmic 1(NFATc1),and c-Fos.This was achieved by blocking RANKL-RANK interaction and inhibiting RANKL-mediated RANK signaling pathways,including NF-κB,AKT,and mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)in osteoclast precursors.In vivo,AA significantly inhibited the ovariectomized(OVX)-induced body weight gain and blood glucose increase in mice.AA did not adversely affect the histomorphologies,weights,and indices of the kidney and liver in OVX mice.AA effectively ameliorated bone loss in OVX mice by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.AA significantly inhibited the serum levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP-5b)and C-telopeptide of type I collagen(CTX-I).AA significantly inhibited the OVX-induced expression of osteoclastogenesis-related marker genes and proteins in the femur.In summary,AA alleviates ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice by suppressing osteoclastogenesis via inhibition of RANKL-mediated RANK signaling pathways and could be potentially used for the prevention and treatment of osteoclastrelated diseases such as osteoporosis.
文摘The published article titled“Procaine inhibits the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells through inactivation of the ERK/MAPK/FAK pathways by regulation of RhoA”has been retracted from Oncology Research,Vol.26,No.2,2018,pp.209–217.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Higher Education(Malaysia)(No.FRGS/1/2023/SKK15/IMU/01/1)International Medical University[No.PHMS I-2023(01)].
文摘Glaucoma,a degenerative optic neuropathy,causes retinal ganglion cell(RGC)apoptosis and irreversible vision loss.Current therapies often fail to stop disease progression despite lowering intraocular pressure,the main risk factor.Thus,neuroprotective strategies have gained interest.We performed a bibliometric analysis to determine global publishing trends and relationships among prolific authors,publications,institutions,funding agencies,and journals.We also analyzed author keywords to identify research hotspots in glaucoma neuroprotection.Further,based on keyword analysis,we reviewed most recent literature to understand mechanistic pathways underlying glaucomarelated pathophysiological responses leading to RGC loss.Bibliographic data were sourced from Scopus.Basic bibliographic features were characterized using Scopus’s functions.VOSviewer was used for mapping and visualizing bibliometric networks.The analysis included trends in publications since 2000,the most prolific countries,institutions,authors,and the strength of their linkages.A significant increase in publication output over the past two decades was noted.The United States leads in funding support,research output,and citation links,followed by China and the UK.Among the top 10 most cited authors,three are from Japanese institutions.Keyword analysis shows a focus on molecular targets related to ischemia,excitotoxicity,inflammation,and oxidative stress,with fewer emerging drug candidates and limited clinical trials.Based on the most recent literature,emerging molecular targets underlying these key pathophysiological mechanisms are summarized.In conclusion,while pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms are the current focus,there is not much progress in developing new drug candidates and conducting clinical trials.
基金supported by central government-guided major science and technology project of Hebei province 236Z7709G(M.C.Q.)Tangshan science and technology project 23130216E(M.C.Q.)+8 种基金key research projects of North China University of Science and Technology ZD-YG-202309(M.C.Q.)National Natural Science Foundations of China 82230030 and 81871492(Y.L.)Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Project Z221100002722003(Y.L.)Beijing Natural Science Foundation L234017(Y.L.)Peking University Medicine plus X Pilot Program-Key Technologies R&D Project 2024YXXLHGG004(Y.L.)Key R&D Plan of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 2020BCG01001(Y.L.)First-Class Discipline Team of Kunming Medical University 2024XKTDTS08(Y.L.)Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai SHSMU-ZLCX20212402(Y.L.)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZB20240038(X.J.C.).
文摘Osteogenesis is the process of bone formation mediated by the osteoblasts,participating in various bone-related physiological processes including bone development,bone homeostasis and fracture healing.It exhibits temporal and spatial interconnectivity with angiogenesis,constructed by multiple forms of cell communication occurring between bone and vascular endothelial cells.Molecular regulation among different cell types is crucial for coordinating osteogenesis and angiogenesis to facilitate bone remodeling,fracture healing,and other bone-related processes.The transmission of signaling molecules and the activation of their corresponding signal pathways are indispensable for various forms of cell communication.This communication acts as a“bridge”in coupling osteogenesis to angiogenesis.This article reviews the modes and processes of cell communication in osteogenesisangiogenesis coupling over the past decade,mainly focusing on interactions among bone-related cells and vascular endothelial cells to provide insights into the mechanism of cell communication of osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling in different bone-related contexts.Moreover,clinical relevance and applications are also introduced in this review.
文摘In 2025,the 22nd China-ASEAN Expo(CAEXPO)is bringing the spotlight to artificial intelligence(AI),placing enterprises at the center of engagement,and supporting development of a closer China-ASEAN community with a shared future.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81973854Scientific Research Programme Project of Hebei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.T2025095+1 种基金the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine‘Tuoxin Project’Fund Scientific Research Topics,No.2023012Key Project of the Huzhou City Science and Technology Plan,No.2023GZ83.
文摘Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely interrelated processes that are pivotal to the impaired wound healing associated with diabetes.Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetic patients induces excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,which triggers heightened inflammatory responses.The resulting inflammation exacerbates oxidative damage,delays wound closure,and intensifies tissue injury,thereby creating a detrimental cycle that disrupts normal wound healing.Recent research has increasingly focused on the therapeutic potential of natural products in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation to enhance diabetic wound healing.Natural compounds,such as polyphenols,flavonoids,and terpenoids,have demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing oxidative damage and modulating inflammatory pathways.These bioactive agents exhibit potent antioxidant activity by scavenging ROS and enhancing endogenous antioxidant defenses while concurrently inhibiting the release of proinflammatory cytokines.Additionally,natural therapies have been shown to promote angiogenesis,enhance collagen synthesis,and improve fibroblast function,further facilitating wound repair.This review provides insights into the complex interplay between oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic wound healing and evaluates the therapeutic potential of natural products as adjunctive treatments.Further clinical investigations are essential to validate the efficacy and safety of these natural interventions for diabetic wound management.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100301,2023YFF1104403)Key R&D Project of Henan Province(231111112100)。
文摘Angelica sinensis,a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb with the unique property of being both a medicine and an edible plant,has been widely used for promoting blood circulation,modulating immunity,and relieving pain.This review comprehensively investigates the extraction methods,structural characteristics,and biological activities of its primary bioactive components,such as polysaccharides,volatile oils,organic acids,and flavonoids.The biosynthesis pathways of these compounds,along with the key enzymes and transcription factors involved,are investigated to understand the factors influencing their synthesis and accumulation.Additionally,the biological activities of A.sinensis,including hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,immunemodulatory,anti-tumor,circulatory benefits,and neuroprotection,along with their underlying mechanisms are introduced.These findings provide a solid foundation for the development of A.sinensis as a valuable resource in functional foods and pharmaceutical products.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(grant number:NRF-2022R1A2C1092743).
文摘Chronic kidney disease(CKD)affects a significant fraction of the global population and is closely associated with elevated cardiovascular risk and poor clinical outcomes.Its pathophysiology entails complex molecular and cellular disturbances,including reduced nitric oxide bioavailability,persistent low-grade inflammation,oxidative stress,endothelial dysfunction,altered mineral metabolism,genetic predispositions,and uremic toxin accumulation.As current pharmacological treatments provide only partial risk reduction,complementary approaches are imperative.Exercise training,both aerobic and resistance,has emerged as a potent non-pharmacological intervention targeting these underlying molecular pathways.Regular exercise can enhance nitric oxide signaling,improve antioxidant defenses,attenuate inflammation,facilitate endothelial repair via endothelial progenitor cells,and stabilize muscle metabolism.Additionally,accumulating evidence points to a genetic dimension in CKD susceptibility and progression.Variants in genes such as APOL1,PKD1,PKD2,UMOD,and COL4A3–5 shape disease onset and severity,and may modulate response to interventions.Exercise may help buffer these genetic risks by inducing epigenetic changes,improving mitochondrial function,and optimizing crosstalk between muscle,adipose tissue,and the vasculature.This review synthesizes how exercise training can ameliorate key molecular mediators in CKD,emphasizing the interplay with genetic and epigenetic factors.We integrate evidence from clinical and experimental studies,discussing how personalized exercise prescriptions,informed by patients’genetic backgrounds and nutritional strategies(such as adequate protein intake),could enhance outcomes.Although large-scale trials linking molecular adaptations to long-term endpoints are needed,current knowledge strongly supports incorporating exercise as a cornerstone in CKD management to counteract pervasive molecular derangements and leverage genetic insights for individualized care.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.42376246)the Key Research and Development Project of Guangxi(grant No.GuikeAB24010046)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.U2268217).
文摘In the context of urbanization,air pollution has emerged as a significant environmental challenge.A thorough understanding of their transport pathways,especially at a national scale,is essential for environmental protection and policy-making.However,it remains partially elusive due to the constraints of available data and analytical methods.This study proposed a data-driven spatiotemporal correlation analysis method employing the Dynamic Time Warping(DTW).We represented the first comprehensive attempt to chart the long-term and nationwide transport pathways of PM_(2.5) utilizing an extensive dataset spanning from 2000 to 2021 across China,which is crucial for understanding long-term air pollution trends.Compared with traditional chemical transport models(CTMs),this data-driven method can generate transport pathways of PM_(2.5) without requiring extensive meteorological or emission data,and suggesting fundamentally consistent spatial distribution and trends.Our analysis reveals that China’s transport pathways are notably pronounced in the Northwest(34%of the total pathways in China),Southwest(22%),and North(21%)regions,with less significant pathways in the Northeast(10%)region and isolated occurrences elsewhere.Additionally,a notable decrease in the number of China’s PM_(2.5) transport pathways,similar to annual average concentrations,was observed after 2013,aligning with stricter environmental regulations.Furthermore,we have demonstrated the feasibility of applying our method to the transport pathways of other gaseous pollutants.The approach is effective in detecting and quantifying air pollutants’transport pathways,even in regions like the Northwest with limited monitoring infrastructure,which may aid in environmental decision-making.The study will notably improve the current understanding of air pollutants’transport process,providing a new perspective for studying the large-scale spatiotemporal correlations.
文摘Lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in gastric cancer(GC)progression,characterized by complex metabolic reprogramming that supports tumor growth and survival.This narrative review comprehensively examines the dysregulation of lipid metabolism-associated genes,including fatty acid synthase(FASN),ATPcitrate lyase,acetyl-CoA carboxylases,FA binding proteins,sterol regulatory element-binding proteins,and other key enzymes.These genes facilitate critical oncogenic processes by enhancing FA synthesis,modifying cellular signaling,and supporting cancer cell proliferation,migration,and therapy resistance.Metabolic adaptations observed in GC include increased de novo lipogenesis,altered enzymatic activities,and modified protein lipidation,which contribute to tumor aggressiveness.The review highlights the potential of targeting these metabolic pathways as a therapeutic strategy,demonstrating how inhibiting specific enzymes like FASN,ATP-citrate lyase,and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 can induce apoptosis,disrupt cancer stem cell properties,and potentially overcome treatment resistance.By elucidating the intricate interactions between lipid metabolism genes and cancer progression,this review provides insights into novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for managing GC.
文摘Cancer remains a significant challenge to public health worldwide and ranks among the leading contributors to mortality in diverse populations.This persistent impact underscores the need for proactive approaches to reduce its incidence.Chemoprevention focuses on interrupting tumor development through naturally occurring compounds,particularly plant-derived bioactive com-pounds.These phytochemicals exert protective effects by modulating key molecular pathways and enhancing detoxification.Of particular interest are those that regulate phase I and II enzymes,facilitating carcinogen elimination and mitigating cellular damage associated with cancer progression.This review examines phytochemicals from plant-derived functional foods that enhance detoxification pathways for cancer prevention,summarizing current evidence and future directions for their clinical application and dietary integration.Emphasis is placed on specific bioactive constituents,such as sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables,organosulfur compounds in garlic,betanin from beetroot,a spectrum of citrus fruitflavonoids includingβ-cryptoxanthin,hesperidin,and nobiletin,epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea,and curcumin derived from turmeric.These naturally occurring compounds regulate enzymatic pathways involved in xenobiotic metabolism,underscoring their relevance in nutritional oncology.Findings from diverse experimental models show they inhibit phase I enzymes,induce phase II detox enzymes,activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway,and modulate gene expression epigenetically.Collectively,these multifaceted actions contribute to their protective role against carcinogenesis.Although natural approaches show promise for cancer prevention,they face challenges related to bioavailability,standardization,and clinical validation,necessitating further research for effective integration into evidence-based oncology.
文摘Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a cornerstone of global food security,feeding over a third of the world’s population and functioning as a critical economic crop across diverse agroecological zones(FAO 2022).However,wheat production faces mounting challenges from climate volatility,resource depletion,and the pressing demand for sustainable intensification.
文摘As a traditional model for inheriting Chinese medicine,apprenticeship education has evolved over millennia into a distinctive talent cultivation system.In the new era characterized by upholding tradition while pursuing innovation,apprenticeship education serves not only as the core vehicle for sustaining Chinese medical scholarship but also as the key support for resolving contemporary challenges in cultivating TCM professionals.This paper traces the historical evolution and policy context of apprenticeship education,analyzes its current development status and underlying contradictions,and systematically elucidates its irreplaceable value in dimensions such as academic inheritance,critical thinking cultivation,and cultural continuity.By integrating technological innovation and policy guidance,it outlines development pathways to provide practical references for constructing a modernized TCM education system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42121004,42275107,and 42077205)the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2023YFC3706202)+1 种基金the Foundational and Applied Basic Research in Guangzhou in 2023(No.2023A04J0251)the Special Fund Project for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province(No.2019B121205004)。
文摘This study tracked the characteristics of atmospheric wet deposition of the toxic element arsenic(As)at both urban(Guangzhou(GZ))and forested(Dinghushan Natural Reserve(DHS))sites within the Pearl River Delta(PRD)region between 2016 and 2019,examining its correlation with rainfall patterns.Additionally,by employing backward trajectory analysis and the potential source contribution function(PSCF)in conjunction with pertinent emission inventories,we pinpointed the main pathways of atmospheric arsenic transport and evaluated the emission contributions from priority source areas.The study revealed that the atmospheric arsenic wet deposition fluxes at the GZ and DHS sites exhibited a trend of increase followed by a decrease over the four-year period.Wet season deposition fluxes were more than triple those of the dry season,with urban site showing a difference of over four times.Notably,wet season As deposition at both sites was predominantly affected by heavy rainfall from marine air masses,constituting 31%of the total deposition.The predominant trajectory directions contributing to arsenic deposition at GZ and DHS were northeast(55%)and south(53%),respectively.The primary source areas for both sites were largely outside the PRD region,with the GZ site having 80%to 95%of its source area in the non-PRD region,compared to 69%to 88%at the DHS site.Furthermore,non-PRD areas contributed approximately 65%to arsenic emissions for both sites,with the industrial sector being the dominant emission source,exceeding 97%of the total emissions.
文摘In the article“MicroRNA-101 Targets CXCL12-Mediated Akt and Snail Signaling Pathways to Inhibit Cellular Proliferation and Invasion in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma”(Oncology Research.2019 Jun 21;27(6):691-701,doi:10.3727/096504018X15426763753594),the IHC images for CXCL12 and Bcl-2 expressions in adjacent noncancer tissues(NCT)shown in Fig.5E were unintentionally duplicated.And Fig.5A,B was also unintentionally duplicated.These needed corrections to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data presented.
文摘Small-scale farmland water conservancy projects are crucial infrastructure for ensuring agricultural production and enhancing water resource utilization efficiency,with their water-saving benefits directly linked to national food security and sustainable agricultural development.This study focuses on small-scale farmland water conservancy projects in China,identifying issues such as aging facilities,outdated technology,and management deficiencies through field research and data analysis.Targeted pathways for enhancing water-saving efficiency are proposed from three dimensions:engineering technology optimization,management mechanism innovation,and policy support.Research indicates that by promoting efficient water-saving technologies,establishing a diversified management model,and improving policy incentive mechanisms,the irrigation water utilization coefficient of small-scale farmland water conservancy projects can be increased by 0.1-0.15,and water consumption per unit area of farmland can be reduced by 15-20%.The findings provide theoretical references and practical guidance for the quality improvement and water-saving enhancement of small-scale farmland water conservancy projects in China.
