Based on analyzing traditional fuzzy cluster method, this paper presents a new method for building fuzzy similar matrix R and a method of polydirectional synthetical fuzzy cluster, which can fully reflect the partiali...Based on analyzing traditional fuzzy cluster method, this paper presents a new method for building fuzzy similar matrix R and a method of polydirectional synthetical fuzzy cluster, which can fully reflect the partiality and experience of policymakers. This method is simple, practical and can reflect thing’s feature comprehensively, so it has certain practical value.展开更多
针对三维激光标靶球定位模型中的系数矩阵存在随机元素和非随机元素以及考虑到观测向量与系数矩阵存在相关的情况,引入基于Partial EIV模型的相关观测加权总体最小二乘(Weighted Total Least Squares,WTLS)方法进行求解。模拟实验结果表...针对三维激光标靶球定位模型中的系数矩阵存在随机元素和非随机元素以及考虑到观测向量与系数矩阵存在相关的情况,引入基于Partial EIV模型的相关观测加权总体最小二乘(Weighted Total Least Squares,WTLS)方法进行求解。模拟实验结果表明,在顾及观测向量与系数矩阵存在相关性时,基于Partial EIV模型的相关观测加权总体最小二乘方法解算的参数结果更加接近真值,且精度更高。进一步将该方法应用于实际案例数据中,结果表明,在实际计算时有必要考虑到观测向量与系数矩阵之间的相关性,以提高参数解算精度。本文可补充和完善三维激光扫描标靶球定位技术方法。展开更多
Pulpotomy,which belongs to vital pulp therapy,has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades.This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing l...Pulpotomy,which belongs to vital pulp therapy,has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades.This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes.Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy(PP),the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue,and full pulpotomy(FP),the removal of whole coronal pulp,which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth.Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality,the overall treatment plan,the patient’s general health status,and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation.This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics,Chinese Stomatological Association.It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment(RCT)on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis,the development of capping biomaterial,and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine.This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy,which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.展开更多
To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary.Howeve...To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary.However,most of the studies had focused only on colored plastic fragments,ignoring colorless plastic fragments and the effects of different environmental media(backgrounds),thus underestimating their abundance.To address this issue,the present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to compare the identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),extreme gradient boost,support vector machine and random forest classifier.The effects of polymer color,type,thickness,and background on the plastic fragments classification were evaluated.PLS-DA presented the best and most stable outcome,with higher robustness and lower misclassification rate.All models frequently misinterpreted colorless plastic fragments and its background when the fragment thickness was less than 0.1mm.A two-stage modeling method,which first distinguishes the plastic types and then identifies colorless plastic fragments that had been misclassified as background,was proposed.The method presented an accuracy higher than 99%in different backgrounds.In summary,this study developed a novel method for rapid and synchronous identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments under complex environmental backgrounds.展开更多
The removal of nitrogen via the ANAMMOX process is a promising green wastewater treatment technology,with numerous benefits.The incessant studies on the ANAMMOX process over the years due to its long start-up and high...The removal of nitrogen via the ANAMMOX process is a promising green wastewater treatment technology,with numerous benefits.The incessant studies on the ANAMMOX process over the years due to its long start-up and high operational cost has positively influenced its technological advancement,even though at a rather slow pace.At the moment,relatively newANAMMOX technologies are being developedwith the goal of treating lowcarbon wastewater at low temperatures,tackling nitrite and nitrate accumulation and methane utilization from digestates while also recovering resources(phosphorus)in a sustainable manner.This review compares and contrasts the handful of ANAMMOX-based processes developed thus far with plausible solutions for addressing their respective bottlenecks hindering full-scale implementation.Ultimately,future prospects for advancing understanding of mechanisms and engineering application of ANAMMOX process are posited.As a whole,technological advances in process design and patents have greatly contributed to better understanding of the ANAMMOX process,which has greatly aided in the optimization and industrialization of the ANAMMOX process.This review is intended to provide researchers with an overview of the present state of research and technological development of the ANAMMOX process,thus serving as a guide for realizing energy autarkic future practical applications.展开更多
With the development of high-frequency and highvoltagetraction machines(TM)incorporating hairpin windings(HW)and SiC inverters for electric vehicles(EV),both theinterturn voltage stress and temperature within HW are r...With the development of high-frequency and highvoltagetraction machines(TM)incorporating hairpin windings(HW)and SiC inverters for electric vehicles(EV),both theinterturn voltage stress and temperature within HW are rising,increasing the risk of partial discharge(PD),and presentingsignificant challenges to insulation safety.Therefore,this paperaddresses this issue and proposes potential solutions.Firstly,thepaper examines an 8-pole,48-slot,6-layer HW TM to highlightthe unique characteristics of this winding structure,and explainsthe uneven distribution of interturn voltage stress andtemperature.Subsequently,a high-frequency equivalent circuitmodel of the HW TM prototype is developed.The error ofsimulation and experiment is only 5.7%,which proves theaccuracy of the model.Then,an improved HW scheme isproposed to lower the maximum voltage stress by 29.3%.Furthermore,the temperature distribution of HW TM isanalyzed to facilitate a detailed examination of the impact oftemperature on insulation PD.Finally,the partial dischargeinception voltage(PDIV)of interturn insulation,consideringtemperature effects,is calculated and verified throughexperiment.The paper proposes a reliability-oriented designmethod and process for HW TM.It demonstrates that thereliability-oriented design can achieve PD-free performance inthe design stage of HW.展开更多
While biochar amendment enhances plant productivity and water-use efficiency(WUE),particularly under waterlimited conditions,the specific mechanisms driving these benefits remain unclear.Thus,the present study aims to...While biochar amendment enhances plant productivity and water-use efficiency(WUE),particularly under waterlimited conditions,the specific mechanisms driving these benefits remain unclear.Thus,the present study aims to elucidate the synergistic effects of biochar and reduced irrigation on maize(Zea mays L.)plants,focusing on xylem composition,root-to-shoot signaling,stomatal behavior,and WUE.Maize plants were cultivated in splitroot pots filled with clay loam soil,amended by either wheat-straw biochar(WSB)or softwood biochar(SWB)at 2%(w/w).Plants received full irrigation(FI),deficit irrigation(DI),or partial root-zone drying rrigation(PRD)from the 4-leaf to the grain-filling stage.Our results revealed that the WSB amendment significantly enhanced plant water status,biomass accumulation,and WUE under reduced irrigation,particularly when combined with PRD.Although reduced irrigation inhibited photosynthesis,it enhanced WUE by modulating stomatal morphology and conductance.Biochar amendment combined with reduced rrigation significantly increased xylem K^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),NO_(3)^(-),Cl^(-),PO_(4)^(3-),and SO_(4)^(2-)-but decreased Na+,which in turn lowered xylem pH.Moreover,biochar amendment and especially WSB amendment further increased abscisic acid(ABA)contents in both leaf and xylem sap under reduced irrigation conditions due to changes in xylem ionic constituents and pH.The synergistic interactions between xylem components and ABA led to refined adjustments in stomatal size and density,thereby affecting stomatal conductance and ultimately improving the WUE of maize plants at different scales.The combined application of WSB and PRD can,therefore,emerge as a promising approach for improving the overall plant performance of maize plants with increased stomatal adaptations and WUE,especially under water-limited conditions.展开更多
Liver regeneration(LR)following partial hepatectomy(PH)is a unique and complex physiological response that restores hepatic mass and function through tightly orchestrated cellular and molecular events.Traditionally vi...Liver regeneration(LR)following partial hepatectomy(PH)is a unique and complex physiological response that restores hepatic mass and function through tightly orchestrated cellular and molecular events.Traditionally viewed as a proliferation-driven process,LR is now understood to involve both hepatocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy,triggered primarily by hemodynamic alterations such as increased portal pressure and shear stress.These promote LR through endothelial–hepatocyte communication via activation of Piezo1-a mechanosensitive ion channel highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells.This channel is considered one of the potential upstream activators of molecular cascades including the interleukin(IL)-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,tumour necrosis factor-alpha/nuclear factor-kappa B,Wnt/β-catenin,Hippo/YAP,transforming growth factor-beta,and Notch pathways,which contribute variably to the proliferation,differentiation,or suppression of hepatic cells.Novel insights into the IL-22 and IL-33 signaling axes,bile acid and glutamine metabolism,and the role of intestinal microbiota are also presented as promising emerging targets.This review synthesizes current insights into the interplay between mechanical cues,key signaling pathways,and metabolic reprogramming that govern early regenerative responses.We explore the mechanisms dictating the balance between hyperplasia and hypertrophy,noting that hypertrophy predominates after minor resections,while proliferation is dominant in larger resections.Polyploidization emerges as a significant adaptive mechanism,contributing to hepatocyte survival and tissue remodeling.The importance of ductular reactions,microvascular adjustments,and extracellular matrix dynamics in lobular architecture remodeling is also highlighted.The study explores the occurrence of ductular reactions in both minor and major resections,particularly within the granulation tissue near dissection areas.The paper also examines structural remodeling in regenerated liver tissue,demonstrating ongoing transformations in hepatocyte morphology and sinusoidal architecture even months after PH,and emphasizing that the termination of liver mass regrowth does not equate to the cessation of LR.展开更多
Aging is a pivotal risk factor for intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD)and chronic low back pain(LBP).The restoration of aging nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs)to a youthful epigenetic state is crucial for IVDD treatment...Aging is a pivotal risk factor for intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD)and chronic low back pain(LBP).The restoration of aging nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs)to a youthful epigenetic state is crucial for IVDD treatment,but remains a formidable challenge.Here,we proposed a strategy to partially reprogram and reinstate youthful epigenetics of senescent NPCs by delivering a plasmid carrier that expressed pluripotency-associated genes(Oct4,Klf4 and Sox2)in Cavin2-modified exosomes(OKS@M-Exo)for treatment of IVDD and alleviating LBP.The functional OKS@M-Exo efficaciously alleviated senescence markers(p16^(INK4a),p21^(CIP1)and p53),reduced DNA damage and H4K20me3 expression,as well as restored proliferation ability and metabolic balance in senescent NPCs,as validated through in vitro experiments.In a rat model of IVDD,OKS@M-Exo maintained intervertebral disc height,nucleus pulposus hydration and tissue structure,effectively ameliorated IVDD via decreasing the senescence markers.Additionally,OKS@MExo reduced nociceptive behavior and downregulated nociception markers,indicating its efficiency in alleviating LBP.The transcriptome sequencing analysis also demonstrated that OKS@M-Exo could decrease the expression of age-related pathways and restore cell proliferation.Collectively,reprogramming by the OKS@M-Exo to restore youthful epigenetics of senescent NPCs may hold promise as a therapeutic platform to treat IVDD.展开更多
In this paper a fully parametrized finite element simulation model of the stator bar end is created using the COMSOL Multiphysics.The model allows conducting the comparison of different corona protection structures’d...In this paper a fully parametrized finite element simulation model of the stator bar end is created using the COMSOL Multiphysics.The model allows conducting the comparison of different corona protection structures’design,various materials properties,and finally optimizing the corona protection system.Several samples of SiC based nonlinear conductivity materials for corona protection were fabricated in laboratory and then investigated.The conductivity dependencies on electric field(0.05 to 1 kV/mm)and temperature(20 to 155℃)were measured.By comparing the heat-resistant grades of the corona protection material and the insulating material,the maximum working temperature of the corona protection material corresponds to the heat-resistant grade F of the insulating material.As the temperature increases,the nonlinear characteristics of the corona protection material in the experiment decrease dramatically,reducing the heat-resistant grade of the corona protection material.The decrease in the nonlinear characteristics of the corona protection material at the maximum operating temperature causes the maximum electric field strength at the end of the HV rotating machines end corona protection(ECP)exceeding the corona discharge electric field strength,resulting in corona phenomenon.展开更多
By introducing noncanonical vortex pairs to partially coherent beams, spatial correlation singularity (SCS) and orbital angular momenta (OAM) of the resulting beams are studied using the Fraunhofer diffraction integra...By introducing noncanonical vortex pairs to partially coherent beams, spatial correlation singularity (SCS) and orbital angular momenta (OAM) of the resulting beams are studied using the Fraunhofer diffraction integral. The effect of noncanonical strength, off-axis distance and vortex sign on spatial correlation singularities in far field is stressed. Furthermore, far-field OAM spectra and densities are also investigated, and the OAM detection and crosstalk probabilities are discussed. The results show that the number of dislocations of SCS always equals the sum of absolute values of topological charges for canonical or noncanonical vortex pairs. Although the sum of the product of each OAM mode and its power weight equals the algebraic sum of topological charges for canonical vortex pairs, the relationship no longer holds in the noncanonical case except for opposite-charge vortex pairs. The changes of off-axis distance, noncanonical strength or coherence length can lead to a more dominant power in adjacent mode than that in center detection mode, which also indicates that crosstalk probabilities of adjacent modes exceed the center detection probability. This work may provide potential applications in OAM-based optical communication, imaging, sensing and computing.展开更多
In this paper,we establish common fixed point theorems for expansive map?pings on b-metric-like space and coincidence point for f-weakly isotone increasing mappings in partially ordered b-metric-like space.The main re...In this paper,we establish common fixed point theorems for expansive map?pings on b-metric-like space and coincidence point for f-weakly isotone increasing mappings in partially ordered b-metric-like space.The main results generalize and extend several well-known comparable results from the existing literature.Moreover,some examples are provided to illustrate the main results.展开更多
Aiming at the problem that infrared small target detection faces low contrast between the background and the target and insufficient noise suppression ability under the complex cloud background,an infrared small targe...Aiming at the problem that infrared small target detection faces low contrast between the background and the target and insufficient noise suppression ability under the complex cloud background,an infrared small target detection method based on the tensor nuclear norm and direction residual weighting was proposed.Based on converting the infrared image into an infrared patch tensor model,from the perspective of the low-rank nature of the background tensor,and taking advantage of the difference in contrast between the background and the target in different directions,we designed a double-neighborhood local contrast based on direction residual weighting method(DNLCDRW)combined with the partial sum of tensor nuclear norm(PSTNN)to achieve effective background suppression and recovery of infrared small targets.Experiments show that the algorithm is effective in suppressing the background and improving the detection ability of the target.展开更多
Highlights●CRISPR/Cas9 RNP complex-based strategy demonstrates robustness and accuracy in generating gene-edited sheep.●Sheep horn development remains unaffected by partial RXFP2 knockout.●Partial RXFP2 knockout re...Highlights●CRISPR/Cas9 RNP complex-based strategy demonstrates robustness and accuracy in generating gene-edited sheep.●Sheep horn development remains unaffected by partial RXFP2 knockout.●Partial RXFP2 knockout results in unilateral cryptorchidism in sheep.展开更多
The direct oxidation of methane to methanol(DOMM) has been recognized as a significant technology for efficiently utilizing low-concentration coalbed methane(LCMM) and supplying liquid fuel.Herein,the noble metals(Pt,...The direct oxidation of methane to methanol(DOMM) has been recognized as a significant technology for efficiently utilizing low-concentration coalbed methane(LCMM) and supplying liquid fuel.Herein,the noble metals(Pt,Pd and Ru) modified Cu/alkalized sepiolite(CuX/SEPA) catalysts were prepared and used for the DOMM in a gas-phase system at low temperatures.The CuRu/SEPA exhibited the highest methanol production of 53 μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) and methanol selectivity of 90% under the optimal reaction conditions.Various characterizations demonstrated that the addition of Ru promoted the formation of Cu^(2+)and the contraction of Cu—Si/Al bonds to reduce the distance between framework Al atoms of SEPA to further generate more Al pairs,which facilitated the formation of reactive dicopper species([Cu_(2)O]^(2+)or [Cu_(2)O_(2)]^(2+)).Investigation of the reaction mechanism revealed that [Cu_(2)O]^(2+) or [Cu_(2)O_(2)]^(2+) species could adsorb and activate methane to form CH_(3)O^(*) species and ultimately generated methanol with the assistance of water.展开更多
Environmental protection requires identifying,investigating,and raising awareness about safeguarding nature from the harmful effects of both anthropogenic and natural events.This process of environmental protection is...Environmental protection requires identifying,investigating,and raising awareness about safeguarding nature from the harmful effects of both anthropogenic and natural events.This process of environmental protection is essential for maintaining human well-being.In this context,it is critical to monitor and safeguard the personal environment,which includes maintaining a healthy diet and ensuring plant safety.Living in a balanced environment and ensuring the safety of plants for green spaces and a healthy diet require controlling the nature and quality of the soil in our environment.To ensure soil quality,it is imperative to monitor and assess the levels of various soil parameters.Therefore,an Optimized Reduced Kernel Partial Least Squares(ORKPLS)method is proposed to monitor and control soil parameters.This approach is designed to detect increases or deviations in soil parameter quantities.A Tabu search approach was used to select the appropriate kernel parameter.Subsequently,soil analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of the developed techniques.The simulation results were analyzed and compared.Through this study,deficiencies or exceedances in soil parameter quantities can be identified.The proposed method involves determining whether each soil parameter falls within a normal range.This allows for the assessment of soil parameter conditions based on the principle of fault detection.展开更多
Despite the advancement of technology and neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy,molecular targeted agents,gastrectomy,and D2 lymph node dissection are the only curative treatment option for advanced gastric cancer(GC).The...Despite the advancement of technology and neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy,molecular targeted agents,gastrectomy,and D2 lymph node dissection are the only curative treatment option for advanced gastric cancer(GC).The most common sites of recurrence in patients with GC are the peritoneum and omentum.The omentum contains areas rich in lymphatic tissue(the milky area)that form the connection between the peritoneum and the lymphatic system.Tumor cells are often found in these areas.Therefore,omentectomy is added to radical gastric resection and modified D2 lymph node dissection in the treatment of GC.Total omentectomy is recommended by Western countries for GC diagnosed at T3-4 stage,while Japanese research suggests partial omentectomy at T1-2 stage and total omentectomy at T3-4 stage due to early diagnosis of GC.In addition to the differences in tumor biology,the fact that patients in Western countries are more likely to receive perioperative chemotherapy and the 5%incidence of omental metastasis in advanced disease has led to the belief that partial omentectomy is an adequate surgical procedure compared with total omentectomy.There are studies recommending total omentectomy for the removal of possible tumor foci,and there are some studies reporting that partial omentectomy is sufficient even in advanced GC.The aim of this review was to investigate whether total or partial omentectomy should be performed in patients with GC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic hepatectomy has been widely accepted for the treatment of liver tumors.Compared with open surgery,it provides a reduced hospital stay,less intraoperative blood loss,less trauma,and fewer incisi...BACKGROUND Laparoscopic hepatectomy has been widely accepted for the treatment of liver tumors.Compared with open surgery,it provides a reduced hospital stay,less intraoperative blood loss,less trauma,and fewer incisional infections,without affecting tumor outcomes.However,lesions in the right lobe of the liver are deep and obstructed by the ribs,making exposure difficult and increasing the degree of surgical difficulty;thus,liver tumors in the deep right lobe pose technical challenges in standard laparoscopic surgery.AIM To investigate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic retroperitoneal partial hepatectomy for liver tumors.METHODS The clinical data of 72 patients who underwent laparoscopic retroperitoneal partial hepatectomy for liver tumors between January 2018 and December 2024 at the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province were analyzed.Of the 72 patients included,34 were male and 38 were female,with ages ranging from 34 years to 72 years(median age,45 years).The tumors were all located in the right lobe of the liver,with 30 cases in segment S6,27 cases in segment S7,and 15 cases in segment S8;the mean tumor diameter was 7.5±3.4 cm.The postoperative tumor indices,liver function,and postoperative complications were analyzed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic partial hepatectomy via the retroperitoneal approach.RESULTS The surgeries were successfully completed in all patients,and conversion to open surgery was required in 10 patients.The mean operative time,blood loss,drain retention time,and length of postoperative hospital stay were 140±30 minutes,150±46 mL,3.8±1.2 days,and 8.3±5.3 days,respectively.Liver function tests returned to normal in all patients within two weeks of surgery.Fifteen patients developed atelectasis and pleural effusion and were managed with incision and drainage and antibiotics.Two patients developed uncomplicated minimal ascites,and the remaining patients had no perioperative complications,such as abdominal hemorrhage,infection,liver failure,bile leakage,and other adverse events.All patients were successfully treated.CONCLUSION Laparoscopic retroperitoneal partial hepatectomy is a safe and effective approach for right hepatic space-occupying lesions,particularly in segments S6,S7,and S8,with fewer postoperative complications,less trauma,and faster recovery times.This procedure provides a new surgical access for resection of deep tumors in the right lobe of the liver and has clear clinical implications.展开更多
In this paper,a deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm based on Partially Observable Weighted Mean Field Reinforcement Learning(PO-WMFRL)framework is designed to solve the problem of path planning in large-scale...In this paper,a deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm based on Partially Observable Weighted Mean Field Reinforcement Learning(PO-WMFRL)framework is designed to solve the problem of path planning in large-scale Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)swarm operations.We establish a motion control and detection communication model of UAVs.A simulation environment is carried out with No-Fly Zone(NFZ),the task assembly point is established,and the long-term reward and immediate reward functions are designed for large-scale UAV swarm path planning problem.Considering the combat characteristics of large-scale UAV swarm,we improve the traditional Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(DDPG)algorithm and propose a Partially Observable Weighted Mean Field Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(PO-WMFDDPG)algorithm.The effectiveness of the PO-WMFDDPG algorithm is verified through simulation,and through the comparative analysis with the DDPG and MFDDPG algorithms,it is verified that the PO-WMFDDPG algorithm has a higher task success rate and convergence speed.展开更多
Soil responds to cavity expansion is inherently rate-dependent,especially in the case of fine-grained soils.To better understand such rate effects,self-boring pressuremeter tests were conducted on Kunming peaty soil w...Soil responds to cavity expansion is inherently rate-dependent,especially in the case of fine-grained soils.To better understand such rate effects,self-boring pressuremeter tests were conducted on Kunming peaty soil within a strain rate range of 0.1%/min to 5.0%/min.The results showed a clear dependence of cavity pressure and excess pore pressure(EPP)on strain ratesdboth increased with higher rates for a given radial displacement.In light of the experimental results,three cases of cylindrical cavity expansion were investigated using the finite element method and analytical method,partially drained expansion in Modified Cam-Clay(MCC)soil,and undrained and partially drained expansion in elastoviscoplastic(EVP)soil.The EVP behavior was and modeled using the MCC model and the overstress viscoplastic theory.The results indicated that over the strain rate range of 0.0001%/min and 50%/min,the rate response of cavity pressure for the case of partially drained expansion in MCC soil(permeability coefficient ranging from 5×10^(-6) m/s to 2.5×10^(-11) m/s)is not obvious,while the EPP response during undrained expansion in EVP soil shows rate-independent.Only the partially drained solution for cavity expansion in EVP soil captured the rate-sensitive responses of both cavity pressure and EPP,confirmed by the pressuremeter tests on the Kunming peaty soil,Saint-Herblain clay,and Burswood clay.This suggests that the rate effect results from a combination of drainage-related and time-dependent soil behavior.Parametric studies further demonstrated that both viscous behavior and the overconsolidation ratio significantly influence cylindrical cavity expansion response,and the drainage conditions during expansion can be assessed using a nondimensional velocity.展开更多
文摘Based on analyzing traditional fuzzy cluster method, this paper presents a new method for building fuzzy similar matrix R and a method of polydirectional synthetical fuzzy cluster, which can fully reflect the partiality and experience of policymakers. This method is simple, practical and can reflect thing’s feature comprehensively, so it has certain practical value.
文摘针对三维激光标靶球定位模型中的系数矩阵存在随机元素和非随机元素以及考虑到观测向量与系数矩阵存在相关的情况,引入基于Partial EIV模型的相关观测加权总体最小二乘(Weighted Total Least Squares,WTLS)方法进行求解。模拟实验结果表明,在顾及观测向量与系数矩阵存在相关性时,基于Partial EIV模型的相关观测加权总体最小二乘方法解算的参数结果更加接近真值,且精度更高。进一步将该方法应用于实际案例数据中,结果表明,在实际计算时有必要考虑到观测向量与系数矩阵之间的相关性,以提高参数解算精度。本文可补充和完善三维激光扫描标靶球定位技术方法。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82170941 and 82370948 to Lu Zhang,82071110 and 82230029 to Zhi Chen)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1105100)。
文摘Pulpotomy,which belongs to vital pulp therapy,has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades.This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes.Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy(PP),the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue,and full pulpotomy(FP),the removal of whole coronal pulp,which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth.Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality,the overall treatment plan,the patient’s general health status,and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation.This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics,Chinese Stomatological Association.It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment(RCT)on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis,the development of capping biomaterial,and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine.This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy,which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22276139)the Shanghai’s Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission(No.2022028).
文摘To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary.However,most of the studies had focused only on colored plastic fragments,ignoring colorless plastic fragments and the effects of different environmental media(backgrounds),thus underestimating their abundance.To address this issue,the present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to compare the identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),extreme gradient boost,support vector machine and random forest classifier.The effects of polymer color,type,thickness,and background on the plastic fragments classification were evaluated.PLS-DA presented the best and most stable outcome,with higher robustness and lower misclassification rate.All models frequently misinterpreted colorless plastic fragments and its background when the fragment thickness was less than 0.1mm.A two-stage modeling method,which first distinguishes the plastic types and then identifies colorless plastic fragments that had been misclassified as background,was proposed.The method presented an accuracy higher than 99%in different backgrounds.In summary,this study developed a novel method for rapid and synchronous identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments under complex environmental backgrounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51508366)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20201450)the Jiangsu Qinglan Project,Kunshan Science and Technology Planning Project (No.KSF202108).
文摘The removal of nitrogen via the ANAMMOX process is a promising green wastewater treatment technology,with numerous benefits.The incessant studies on the ANAMMOX process over the years due to its long start-up and high operational cost has positively influenced its technological advancement,even though at a rather slow pace.At the moment,relatively newANAMMOX technologies are being developedwith the goal of treating lowcarbon wastewater at low temperatures,tackling nitrite and nitrate accumulation and methane utilization from digestates while also recovering resources(phosphorus)in a sustainable manner.This review compares and contrasts the handful of ANAMMOX-based processes developed thus far with plausible solutions for addressing their respective bottlenecks hindering full-scale implementation.Ultimately,future prospects for advancing understanding of mechanisms and engineering application of ANAMMOX process are posited.As a whole,technological advances in process design and patents have greatly contributed to better understanding of the ANAMMOX process,which has greatly aided in the optimization and industrialization of the ANAMMOX process.This review is intended to provide researchers with an overview of the present state of research and technological development of the ANAMMOX process,thus serving as a guide for realizing energy autarkic future practical applications.
基金supported by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52407060 and 52422704supported by Liaoning Province science and technology plan doctoral project under Grant 2023-BSBA-255.
文摘With the development of high-frequency and highvoltagetraction machines(TM)incorporating hairpin windings(HW)and SiC inverters for electric vehicles(EV),both theinterturn voltage stress and temperature within HW are rising,increasing the risk of partial discharge(PD),and presentingsignificant challenges to insulation safety.Therefore,this paperaddresses this issue and proposes potential solutions.Firstly,thepaper examines an 8-pole,48-slot,6-layer HW TM to highlightthe unique characteristics of this winding structure,and explainsthe uneven distribution of interturn voltage stress andtemperature.Subsequently,a high-frequency equivalent circuitmodel of the HW TM prototype is developed.The error ofsimulation and experiment is only 5.7%,which proves theaccuracy of the model.Then,an improved HW scheme isproposed to lower the maximum voltage stress by 29.3%.Furthermore,the temperature distribution of HW TM isanalyzed to facilitate a detailed examination of the impact oftemperature on insulation PD.Finally,the partial dischargeinception voltage(PDIV)of interturn insulation,consideringtemperature effects,is calculated and verified throughexperiment.The paper proposes a reliability-oriented designmethod and process for HW TM.It demonstrates that thereliability-oriented design can achieve PD-free performance inthe design stage of HW.
基金supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province,China(2024JCYBQN-0491)Heng Wan would like to thank the Chinese Scholarship Council(CsC)(202206300064)。
文摘While biochar amendment enhances plant productivity and water-use efficiency(WUE),particularly under waterlimited conditions,the specific mechanisms driving these benefits remain unclear.Thus,the present study aims to elucidate the synergistic effects of biochar and reduced irrigation on maize(Zea mays L.)plants,focusing on xylem composition,root-to-shoot signaling,stomatal behavior,and WUE.Maize plants were cultivated in splitroot pots filled with clay loam soil,amended by either wheat-straw biochar(WSB)or softwood biochar(SWB)at 2%(w/w).Plants received full irrigation(FI),deficit irrigation(DI),or partial root-zone drying rrigation(PRD)from the 4-leaf to the grain-filling stage.Our results revealed that the WSB amendment significantly enhanced plant water status,biomass accumulation,and WUE under reduced irrigation,particularly when combined with PRD.Although reduced irrigation inhibited photosynthesis,it enhanced WUE by modulating stomatal morphology and conductance.Biochar amendment combined with reduced rrigation significantly increased xylem K^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),NO_(3)^(-),Cl^(-),PO_(4)^(3-),and SO_(4)^(2-)-but decreased Na+,which in turn lowered xylem pH.Moreover,biochar amendment and especially WSB amendment further increased abscisic acid(ABA)contents in both leaf and xylem sap under reduced irrigation conditions due to changes in xylem ionic constituents and pH.The synergistic interactions between xylem components and ABA led to refined adjustments in stomatal size and density,thereby affecting stomatal conductance and ultimately improving the WUE of maize plants at different scales.The combined application of WSB and PRD can,therefore,emerge as a promising approach for improving the overall plant performance of maize plants with increased stomatal adaptations and WUE,especially under water-limited conditions.
文摘Liver regeneration(LR)following partial hepatectomy(PH)is a unique and complex physiological response that restores hepatic mass and function through tightly orchestrated cellular and molecular events.Traditionally viewed as a proliferation-driven process,LR is now understood to involve both hepatocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy,triggered primarily by hemodynamic alterations such as increased portal pressure and shear stress.These promote LR through endothelial–hepatocyte communication via activation of Piezo1-a mechanosensitive ion channel highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells.This channel is considered one of the potential upstream activators of molecular cascades including the interleukin(IL)-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,tumour necrosis factor-alpha/nuclear factor-kappa B,Wnt/β-catenin,Hippo/YAP,transforming growth factor-beta,and Notch pathways,which contribute variably to the proliferation,differentiation,or suppression of hepatic cells.Novel insights into the IL-22 and IL-33 signaling axes,bile acid and glutamine metabolism,and the role of intestinal microbiota are also presented as promising emerging targets.This review synthesizes current insights into the interplay between mechanical cues,key signaling pathways,and metabolic reprogramming that govern early regenerative responses.We explore the mechanisms dictating the balance between hyperplasia and hypertrophy,noting that hypertrophy predominates after minor resections,while proliferation is dominant in larger resections.Polyploidization emerges as a significant adaptive mechanism,contributing to hepatocyte survival and tissue remodeling.The importance of ductular reactions,microvascular adjustments,and extracellular matrix dynamics in lobular architecture remodeling is also highlighted.The study explores the occurrence of ductular reactions in both minor and major resections,particularly within the granulation tissue near dissection areas.The paper also examines structural remodeling in regenerated liver tissue,demonstrating ongoing transformations in hepatocyte morphology and sinusoidal architecture even months after PH,and emphasizing that the termination of liver mass regrowth does not equate to the cessation of LR.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2020YFA0908900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21935011 and 82072490)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(KQTD20200820113012029 and KJZD20230923114612025)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials(2022B1212010003).
文摘Aging is a pivotal risk factor for intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD)and chronic low back pain(LBP).The restoration of aging nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs)to a youthful epigenetic state is crucial for IVDD treatment,but remains a formidable challenge.Here,we proposed a strategy to partially reprogram and reinstate youthful epigenetics of senescent NPCs by delivering a plasmid carrier that expressed pluripotency-associated genes(Oct4,Klf4 and Sox2)in Cavin2-modified exosomes(OKS@M-Exo)for treatment of IVDD and alleviating LBP.The functional OKS@M-Exo efficaciously alleviated senescence markers(p16^(INK4a),p21^(CIP1)and p53),reduced DNA damage and H4K20me3 expression,as well as restored proliferation ability and metabolic balance in senescent NPCs,as validated through in vitro experiments.In a rat model of IVDD,OKS@M-Exo maintained intervertebral disc height,nucleus pulposus hydration and tissue structure,effectively ameliorated IVDD via decreasing the senescence markers.Additionally,OKS@MExo reduced nociceptive behavior and downregulated nociception markers,indicating its efficiency in alleviating LBP.The transcriptome sequencing analysis also demonstrated that OKS@M-Exo could decrease the expression of age-related pathways and restore cell proliferation.Collectively,reprogramming by the OKS@M-Exo to restore youthful epigenetics of senescent NPCs may hold promise as a therapeutic platform to treat IVDD.
文摘In this paper a fully parametrized finite element simulation model of the stator bar end is created using the COMSOL Multiphysics.The model allows conducting the comparison of different corona protection structures’design,various materials properties,and finally optimizing the corona protection system.Several samples of SiC based nonlinear conductivity materials for corona protection were fabricated in laboratory and then investigated.The conductivity dependencies on electric field(0.05 to 1 kV/mm)and temperature(20 to 155℃)were measured.By comparing the heat-resistant grades of the corona protection material and the insulating material,the maximum working temperature of the corona protection material corresponds to the heat-resistant grade F of the insulating material.As the temperature increases,the nonlinear characteristics of the corona protection material in the experiment decrease dramatically,reducing the heat-resistant grade of the corona protection material.The decrease in the nonlinear characteristics of the corona protection material at the maximum operating temperature causes the maximum electric field strength at the end of the HV rotating machines end corona protection(ECP)exceeding the corona discharge electric field strength,resulting in corona phenomenon.
文摘By introducing noncanonical vortex pairs to partially coherent beams, spatial correlation singularity (SCS) and orbital angular momenta (OAM) of the resulting beams are studied using the Fraunhofer diffraction integral. The effect of noncanonical strength, off-axis distance and vortex sign on spatial correlation singularities in far field is stressed. Furthermore, far-field OAM spectra and densities are also investigated, and the OAM detection and crosstalk probabilities are discussed. The results show that the number of dislocations of SCS always equals the sum of absolute values of topological charges for canonical or noncanonical vortex pairs. Although the sum of the product of each OAM mode and its power weight equals the algebraic sum of topological charges for canonical vortex pairs, the relationship no longer holds in the noncanonical case except for opposite-charge vortex pairs. The changes of off-axis distance, noncanonical strength or coherence length can lead to a more dominant power in adjacent mode than that in center detection mode, which also indicates that crosstalk probabilities of adjacent modes exceed the center detection probability. This work may provide potential applications in OAM-based optical communication, imaging, sensing and computing.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12001249)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20232BAB211004)the Educational Commission Science Programm of Jiangxi Province(GJJ2200523)。
文摘In this paper,we establish common fixed point theorems for expansive map?pings on b-metric-like space and coincidence point for f-weakly isotone increasing mappings in partially ordered b-metric-like space.The main results generalize and extend several well-known comparable results from the existing literature.Moreover,some examples are provided to illustrate the main results.
基金Supported by the Key Laboratory Fund for Equipment Pre-Research(6142207210202)。
文摘Aiming at the problem that infrared small target detection faces low contrast between the background and the target and insufficient noise suppression ability under the complex cloud background,an infrared small target detection method based on the tensor nuclear norm and direction residual weighting was proposed.Based on converting the infrared image into an infrared patch tensor model,from the perspective of the low-rank nature of the background tensor,and taking advantage of the difference in contrast between the background and the target in different directions,we designed a double-neighborhood local contrast based on direction residual weighting method(DNLCDRW)combined with the partial sum of tensor nuclear norm(PSTNN)to achieve effective background suppression and recovery of infrared small targets.Experiments show that the algorithm is effective in suppressing the background and improving the detection ability of the target.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1300200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32161143010,32202646,and 32272848)+2 种基金the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-39)the Key Special Project of Ningxia Science and Technology Department,China(2021BEF02024)the local grants,China(NXTS2021-001,2022GD-TSLD-46,NK2022010207,and NXTS2022-001)。
文摘Highlights●CRISPR/Cas9 RNP complex-based strategy demonstrates robustness and accuracy in generating gene-edited sheep.●Sheep horn development remains unaffected by partial RXFP2 knockout.●Partial RXFP2 knockout results in unilateral cryptorchidism in sheep.
基金financial assistance from the Anhui Provincial Major Science and Technology Project(202003a05020022)the Institute of Energy,Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center(21KZS219)。
文摘The direct oxidation of methane to methanol(DOMM) has been recognized as a significant technology for efficiently utilizing low-concentration coalbed methane(LCMM) and supplying liquid fuel.Herein,the noble metals(Pt,Pd and Ru) modified Cu/alkalized sepiolite(CuX/SEPA) catalysts were prepared and used for the DOMM in a gas-phase system at low temperatures.The CuRu/SEPA exhibited the highest methanol production of 53 μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) and methanol selectivity of 90% under the optimal reaction conditions.Various characterizations demonstrated that the addition of Ru promoted the formation of Cu^(2+)and the contraction of Cu—Si/Al bonds to reduce the distance between framework Al atoms of SEPA to further generate more Al pairs,which facilitated the formation of reactive dicopper species([Cu_(2)O]^(2+)or [Cu_(2)O_(2)]^(2+)).Investigation of the reaction mechanism revealed that [Cu_(2)O]^(2+) or [Cu_(2)O_(2)]^(2+) species could adsorb and activate methane to form CH_(3)O^(*) species and ultimately generated methanol with the assistance of water.
基金supported by the Deputyship for Research and Innovation,Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number(0226-1443-S).
文摘Environmental protection requires identifying,investigating,and raising awareness about safeguarding nature from the harmful effects of both anthropogenic and natural events.This process of environmental protection is essential for maintaining human well-being.In this context,it is critical to monitor and safeguard the personal environment,which includes maintaining a healthy diet and ensuring plant safety.Living in a balanced environment and ensuring the safety of plants for green spaces and a healthy diet require controlling the nature and quality of the soil in our environment.To ensure soil quality,it is imperative to monitor and assess the levels of various soil parameters.Therefore,an Optimized Reduced Kernel Partial Least Squares(ORKPLS)method is proposed to monitor and control soil parameters.This approach is designed to detect increases or deviations in soil parameter quantities.A Tabu search approach was used to select the appropriate kernel parameter.Subsequently,soil analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of the developed techniques.The simulation results were analyzed and compared.Through this study,deficiencies or exceedances in soil parameter quantities can be identified.The proposed method involves determining whether each soil parameter falls within a normal range.This allows for the assessment of soil parameter conditions based on the principle of fault detection.
文摘Despite the advancement of technology and neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy,molecular targeted agents,gastrectomy,and D2 lymph node dissection are the only curative treatment option for advanced gastric cancer(GC).The most common sites of recurrence in patients with GC are the peritoneum and omentum.The omentum contains areas rich in lymphatic tissue(the milky area)that form the connection between the peritoneum and the lymphatic system.Tumor cells are often found in these areas.Therefore,omentectomy is added to radical gastric resection and modified D2 lymph node dissection in the treatment of GC.Total omentectomy is recommended by Western countries for GC diagnosed at T3-4 stage,while Japanese research suggests partial omentectomy at T1-2 stage and total omentectomy at T3-4 stage due to early diagnosis of GC.In addition to the differences in tumor biology,the fact that patients in Western countries are more likely to receive perioperative chemotherapy and the 5%incidence of omental metastasis in advanced disease has led to the belief that partial omentectomy is an adequate surgical procedure compared with total omentectomy.There are studies recommending total omentectomy for the removal of possible tumor foci,and there are some studies reporting that partial omentectomy is sufficient even in advanced GC.The aim of this review was to investigate whether total or partial omentectomy should be performed in patients with GC.
基金Supported by Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Center for Digestive System Diseases,No.2024YNLCYXZX0132.
文摘BACKGROUND Laparoscopic hepatectomy has been widely accepted for the treatment of liver tumors.Compared with open surgery,it provides a reduced hospital stay,less intraoperative blood loss,less trauma,and fewer incisional infections,without affecting tumor outcomes.However,lesions in the right lobe of the liver are deep and obstructed by the ribs,making exposure difficult and increasing the degree of surgical difficulty;thus,liver tumors in the deep right lobe pose technical challenges in standard laparoscopic surgery.AIM To investigate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic retroperitoneal partial hepatectomy for liver tumors.METHODS The clinical data of 72 patients who underwent laparoscopic retroperitoneal partial hepatectomy for liver tumors between January 2018 and December 2024 at the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province were analyzed.Of the 72 patients included,34 were male and 38 were female,with ages ranging from 34 years to 72 years(median age,45 years).The tumors were all located in the right lobe of the liver,with 30 cases in segment S6,27 cases in segment S7,and 15 cases in segment S8;the mean tumor diameter was 7.5±3.4 cm.The postoperative tumor indices,liver function,and postoperative complications were analyzed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic partial hepatectomy via the retroperitoneal approach.RESULTS The surgeries were successfully completed in all patients,and conversion to open surgery was required in 10 patients.The mean operative time,blood loss,drain retention time,and length of postoperative hospital stay were 140±30 minutes,150±46 mL,3.8±1.2 days,and 8.3±5.3 days,respectively.Liver function tests returned to normal in all patients within two weeks of surgery.Fifteen patients developed atelectasis and pleural effusion and were managed with incision and drainage and antibiotics.Two patients developed uncomplicated minimal ascites,and the remaining patients had no perioperative complications,such as abdominal hemorrhage,infection,liver failure,bile leakage,and other adverse events.All patients were successfully treated.CONCLUSION Laparoscopic retroperitoneal partial hepatectomy is a safe and effective approach for right hepatic space-occupying lesions,particularly in segments S6,S7,and S8,with fewer postoperative complications,less trauma,and faster recovery times.This procedure provides a new surgical access for resection of deep tumors in the right lobe of the liver and has clear clinical implications.
基金supported by the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(20220013053005)。
文摘In this paper,a deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm based on Partially Observable Weighted Mean Field Reinforcement Learning(PO-WMFRL)framework is designed to solve the problem of path planning in large-scale Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)swarm operations.We establish a motion control and detection communication model of UAVs.A simulation environment is carried out with No-Fly Zone(NFZ),the task assembly point is established,and the long-term reward and immediate reward functions are designed for large-scale UAV swarm path planning problem.Considering the combat characteristics of large-scale UAV swarm,we improve the traditional Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(DDPG)algorithm and propose a Partially Observable Weighted Mean Field Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(PO-WMFDDPG)algorithm.The effectiveness of the PO-WMFDDPG algorithm is verified through simulation,and through the comparative analysis with the DDPG and MFDDPG algorithms,it is verified that the PO-WMFDDPG algorithm has a higher task success rate and convergence speed.
基金The financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41972293,42272337)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hubei Province(Grant No.2023AFA078)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Soil responds to cavity expansion is inherently rate-dependent,especially in the case of fine-grained soils.To better understand such rate effects,self-boring pressuremeter tests were conducted on Kunming peaty soil within a strain rate range of 0.1%/min to 5.0%/min.The results showed a clear dependence of cavity pressure and excess pore pressure(EPP)on strain ratesdboth increased with higher rates for a given radial displacement.In light of the experimental results,three cases of cylindrical cavity expansion were investigated using the finite element method and analytical method,partially drained expansion in Modified Cam-Clay(MCC)soil,and undrained and partially drained expansion in elastoviscoplastic(EVP)soil.The EVP behavior was and modeled using the MCC model and the overstress viscoplastic theory.The results indicated that over the strain rate range of 0.0001%/min and 50%/min,the rate response of cavity pressure for the case of partially drained expansion in MCC soil(permeability coefficient ranging from 5×10^(-6) m/s to 2.5×10^(-11) m/s)is not obvious,while the EPP response during undrained expansion in EVP soil shows rate-independent.Only the partially drained solution for cavity expansion in EVP soil captured the rate-sensitive responses of both cavity pressure and EPP,confirmed by the pressuremeter tests on the Kunming peaty soil,Saint-Herblain clay,and Burswood clay.This suggests that the rate effect results from a combination of drainage-related and time-dependent soil behavior.Parametric studies further demonstrated that both viscous behavior and the overconsolidation ratio significantly influence cylindrical cavity expansion response,and the drainage conditions during expansion can be assessed using a nondimensional velocity.
