BACKGROUND Parental presence in neonatal units(NUs)is essential for infant development and family well-being.A deeper understanding of the factors influencing parental presence is vital and will contribute to the deve...BACKGROUND Parental presence in neonatal units(NUs)is essential for infant development and family well-being.A deeper understanding of the factors influencing parental presence is vital and will contribute to the development of targeted interventions and policies that enhance parental engagement in neonatal care,thereby improving outcomes for infants and their families.AIM To identify and analyze primary factors influencing parental involvement in their child’s care in a neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).METHODS A literature search was conducted using the PubMed,MEDLINE,and Cochrane Library for systematic reviews databases,with the following search terms:“parental presence neonatology”,“couplet care”,“zero separation neonatal care”,“family integrated care”,“couplet care intervention”,“mother-child separation”,“parents newborn togetherness”,“mother-baby care”,“closeness and separation NICU”,“mother-infant interaction NICU”,“kangaroo care”,“dyad mother-infant”,and“newborn integrated care”.The database search for this literature review began on December 10,2024,with the final search conducted on April 10,2025.RESULTS The literature search yielded 281 articles,out of which 23 were selected for a detailed review.The factors associated with parental presence in NUs were grouped into five main categories:Parents’socio-demographic and cultural traits;the physical layout and care model of the NUs;the quality of parents’relationships with the healthcare staff;their active involvement in neonatal care;and the newborn’s health status.CONCLUSION The identification of factors that affect parental presence in NUs is critical for developing effective strategies aimed at encouraging increased parental involvement and ultimately improving neonatal and family outcomes.展开更多
Background:While various factors contributing to delinquency have been explored,the role of selfesteem in this specific context has received little attention.Hence,this study aims to investigate the complex issue of a...Background:While various factors contributing to delinquency have been explored,the role of selfesteem in this specific context has received little attention.Hence,this study aims to investigate the complex issue of adolescent delinquency in Iran by focusing on the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between parental attachment and delinquent behavior.Methods:Using the multistage cluster random sampling method,the research involved 528 high school students in Tehran.Each student completed validated scales assessing their parental attachment,self-esteem,and delinquency at school.Multiple regression analyses with the Sobel test and bootstrappingmethod were used to examine mediated effects.Results:Thefindings reveal that self-esteem significantly mediates the relationship betweenmaternal attachment and delinquency(standardized coefficient=−0.0292;p=0.04).Adolescents with secure maternal attachments tend to exhibit higher self-esteem,which reduces the likelihood of delinquent behavior.In contrast,paternal attachment did not show a significant mediating effect in this study.These results underscore the importance of cultivating secure maternal relationships and fostering positive self-esteem to address adolescent delinquency.Conclusion:The study suggests that targeted interventions that strengthen maternal attachment and boost self-esteem could effectively mitigate delinquent behaviors among Iranian adolescents.These interventions should prioritize the emotional support and value of secure maternal bonds as key factors in promoting healthy adolescent development.展开更多
Numerous hypotheses predict associations between phenotype-associated breeder traits and reproductive success.In secondary cavity-nesting passerine birds,which have been investigated most,up to more than 90parental ch...Numerous hypotheses predict associations between phenotype-associated breeder traits and reproductive success.In secondary cavity-nesting passerine birds,which have been investigated most,up to more than 90parental characteristics have been linked to at least one field measure of breeding performance.However,within study populations,different parental traits,such as clutch size,first-egg date,egg size,nest architecture,plumage colour,adult morphometry,or song performance,are often weakly correlated across female and/or male breeders.Furthermore,many of these studies have been conducted outside the theoretical framework of the'Individual Optimisation Hypothesis' of clutch size(IOH).IOH predicts that:(i) females with larger clutches will have larger broods at hatching and fledging compared to those with smaller clutches;and(ii) clutch size,which is adaptively adjusted to the parents' ability to rear nestlings,should always maximize the percentage of eggs producing fledglings so that variation in clutch size becomes disconnected from variation in breeding success.In this paper,we present the first detailed review of implications of IOH for parental characters other than clutch size.Our review covered 188 non-experimental studies and 1074 statistical results that examined how parental traits influence breeding success in Western Palearctic Great Tits(Parus major),Blue Tits(Cyanistes spp.),and flycatchers(Ficedula spp.).Clutch size explained one third of the variation in brood size at hatching and fledging within study populations.However,most parental characteristics associated weakly with the number of hatchlings or fledglings,likely because they did not correlate with clutch size.Overall,parental traits were poorly correlated with the proportion of hatchlings and fledglings per egg.We discuss why intraspecific variation in phenotype-associated breeder traits is often disconnected from interindividual differences in breeding success,and highlight the importance of underexplored research problems in avian breeding biology.展开更多
Good mental well-being is necessary for achievement in science at any level.There are extrinsic factors that have the potential to determine a learner’s mental well-being,and the role of the parent(s)cannot be underm...Good mental well-being is necessary for achievement in science at any level.There are extrinsic factors that have the potential to determine a learner’s mental well-being,and the role of the parent(s)cannot be undermined.Therefore,this study examined the relationships between parental engagement(PE),parents’attitude to science(PAS),and mental well-being(MWb)among junior science students.This descriptive survey involved a population of Junior Secondary Three(3)students studying Basic Science in public co-educational schools.A sample of three hundred(300)respondents was randomly drawn from 10 schools within the metropolis.Quantitative data were sourced using three validated questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.The research showed that PE(2.19)and PAS(2.13)are relatively high,while MWb(2.51)is moderately normal.The influence of PE and PAS on MWb is significant.Both PE and PAS have a significant positive relationship with MWb.Also,PE and PAS were found to jointly contribute to students’MWb.In conclusion,PE and PAS have implications for the child’s mental well-being and ultimate success in science.We,therefore,recommend that more parental engagement be encouraged by improving sensitization,and orientation programs could be organized for parents of science students.This may provide an avenue for parents to be better equipped to support their young scientists.展开更多
With the widespread adoption of smartphones,parental phubbing behaviors have become increasingly prevalent,potentially affecting preschool children’s development.Current research primarily focuses on adolescent popul...With the widespread adoption of smartphones,parental phubbing behaviors have become increasingly prevalent,potentially affecting preschool children’s development.Current research primarily focuses on adolescent populations,while the mechanisms through which parental phubbing and authoritarian parenting style influence preschool children’s behavioral problems within the Chinese cultural context remain to be explored.Our investigation seeks to examine the factors contributing to behavioral difficulties among children of preschool age and provide theoretical guidance for prevention.Methods In our research,we utilized a convenience sampling approach to collect data from parents whose children(n=612)were between 3 and 7 years of age.The questionnaire distribution was facilitated via the Wenjuanxing online survey platform.Research instruments included the Parental Phubbing Scale,Parent-Child Relationship Scale,Authoritarian Parenting Style Scale,and Conners Child Behavior Rating Scale.For analytical procedures,we employed SPSS 24.0 to generate descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.Chain mediation effects were examined via Process macro,while significance assessment of the mediating effects relied on the Bootstrap method for constructing 95%confidence intervals.Results A statistically significant positive association was observed between parental phubbing and behavioral problems exhibited by children(r=0.251,p<0.001).Parental phubbing exhibited a significant direct effect on children’s behavioral problems(β=0.088,p<0.001).Analysis of sequential mediation demonstrated that authoritarian parenting style together with parent-child conflict functioned as significant intermediary variables in the relationship between parental phubbing and children’s problem behaviors(β=0.163,p<0.001),with these indirect pathways constituting 64.94%of the total effect.Conclusion Parental phubbing significantly contributes to behavioral problems in preschool children.Parents should monitor their media use,improve their parenting approach,and enhance parent-child relationships to reduce behavioral problems in preschool children.展开更多
Inclusive fitness theory posits that altruistic behaviors,which are directed more likely towards relatives,should be favored by natural selection.However,the prevalence of alternative parenting behaviors in offspring ...Inclusive fitness theory posits that altruistic behaviors,which are directed more likely towards relatives,should be favored by natural selection.However,the prevalence of alternative parenting behaviors in offspring selection,including rejecting their own offspring and accepting the offspring of others,remains poorly understood within the context of parental care evolution.In order to investigate the factors that prompt the occurrence of alternative parenting behaviors,we designed a series of experiments in the Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus).By manipulating the nest spatial position or offspring age/number and parent-offspring familiarity,we addressed how parents provided parental care for the manipulated offspring.In the nest resettlement experiment,the probability of parents rejecting their own offspring significantly increased with nest-moving distances while decreased with offspring ages.In the cross-fostering experiments,the probability of parents provisioning unrelated young significantly decreased with the age difference between cross-fostered chicks.In the nest duplication experiments,where parents were given a choice between familiar offspring and unfamiliar unrelated chicks or between unfamiliar offspring and familiar unrelated chicks,the probability of both alternative parenting behaviors was significantly influenced by the time when parental association with their offspring was deprived.We conclude that as offspring phenotypic traits become individualized and fixed at a special developmental stage,parents gradually acquire the capacity for offspring recognition by associating with them.Any factors that disrupt parent-offspring association or introduce unrelated young into the nest prior to this critical timeline can result in the occurrence of alternative parenting behaviors.展开更多
Objectives:To investigate the parenting stress,care burden,and coping styles in mothers of autistic children during the pandemic of COVID-19.The outbreak of COVID-19 and the closure of education and care centers for t...Objectives:To investigate the parenting stress,care burden,and coping styles in mothers of autistic children during the pandemic of COVID-19.The outbreak of COVID-19 and the closure of education and care centers for these children may affect stress,care burden,and adaptation of these mothers.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional research.A total of 110 mothers completed questionnaires.Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics(frequency,percentage,mean,and standard deviation),independent t-test,ANOVA,and multiple linear regressions.Results:Findings showed that parenting stress has a strong and direct correlation with caring burden(P<0.001,r=0.95),and a strong and indirect correlation with coping styles(P<0.001,r=−0.91).Variables of caring burden,coping strategies,mother’s age,mother’s job,mother’s education,number of autistic children,economic status,children’s age,and functional level of autism in children can predict 72.21%of the variance in parenting stress in these mothers.Conclusions:In the present study,parenting stress of mothers of autistic children was reported to be high during the COVID-19 pandemic.Based on the findings of this study,it can be concluded that pediatric nurses and health policymakers should provide a suitable educational and supportive environment for mothers of autistic children to enhance the coping level of these mothers and consequently reduce their parenting stress and care burden.展开更多
Background:Despite growing research on parental technology use and its impacts on adolescent development,the influence of parental smartphone behavior on creativity remains understudied.This study addresses this gap b...Background:Despite growing research on parental technology use and its impacts on adolescent development,the influence of parental smartphone behavior on creativity remains understudied.This study addresses this gap by examining how parental phubbing affects adolescent creativity,exploring both direct and indirect pathways through creative self-efficacy as a mediator and problematic smartphone use(PSU)as a moderator.Methods:A total of 9111 Chinese vocational school adolescents(60.3%male;mean age=16.88 years)were recruited via convenience sampling.Participants completed validated self-report questionnaires assessing creativity,parental phubbing,creative self-efficacy,and PSU.A moderated mediation model was tested using jamovi with bootstrapping procedures(2000 resamples),controlling for gender,age,sibling status,and school type.Results:Creative self-efficacy significantly mediated the relationship between parental phubbing and adolescent creativity(indirect effect=0.061,95%CI[0.013,0.109]),while the direct effect was non-significant.PSU moderated both pathways,revealing contrasting patterns:for adolescents with high PSU,parental phubbing showed positive associations with creative self-efficacy and creativity,whereas among those with low PSU,parental phubbing demonstrated negative associations with both outcomes.Conclusion:This study reveals the complex influence of parental phubbing on adolescent creativity,with effects contingent upon adolescents’own digital engagement patterns.It emphasizes the need to balance guidance and autonomy in fostering creativity.While not endorsing phubbing,the findings challenge simplistic views of technology’s impact and stress the importance of individual differences.The results offer valuable insights for parents,educators,and policymakers supporting youth development in today’s digital family environments.展开更多
Background:Despite increasing attention to parental educational anxiety in China’s educational system,the underlying mechanisms through which this anxiety affects adolescent academic performance remain unclear.This s...Background:Despite increasing attention to parental educational anxiety in China’s educational system,the underlying mechanisms through which this anxiety affects adolescent academic performance remain unclear.This study aims to investigate how parental educational anxiety influences academic outcomes through depression and self-efficacy while considering the role of problematic social media use in today’s digital age.Methods:Data analysis was conducted using stratified random cluster sampling techniques.Participants for this study were recruited from middle and high schools in China.The sample comprised 2579 traditional two-parent families,each consisting of a pair of parents and one child.The commencement of data collection occurred in March 2024.A range of analytical techniques was employed to examine the relationship between parental education anxiety and student academic performance,including bivariate correlations,path analysis,mediation analysis,and moderation analysis.Results:The study findings revealed that parental educational anxiety negatively predicted student academic performance(β=−0.510,t=−35.011,p<0.001).Furthermore,a significant and negative relationship was identified between student depression and self-efficacy(β=−0.179,t=−8.336,p<0.001),which was chain-mediated.Additionally,problematic social media use moderated the relationship between parental educational anxiety and student academic performance(p<0.001),with stronger negative effects at higher levels of social media use.Conclusion:This study demonstrates that parental educational anxiety has both direct and indirect negative associationswith student academic performance through complex psychological pathways.The findings reveal a sequential mediation mechanism where parental educational anxiety first influences student depression,which in turn affects self-efficacy,ultimately impacting academic performance.The strength of these relationships is notably moderated by problematic social media use,with higher levels of social media engagement amplifying the negative association between parental educational anxiety and academic outcomes.These findings illuminate the complex interplay between family dynamics,student mental health,and educational achievement in the contemporary digital age.展开更多
This study examined the role of moral disengagement dual system of self-control in the relationship between parental psychological control and cyberbullying.Participants were involved 802 vocational college students(4...This study examined the role of moral disengagement dual system of self-control in the relationship between parental psychological control and cyberbullying.Participants were involved 802 vocational college students(46.01%females;M=18.11,SD=1.23).They completed measures on parental psychological control,moral disengagement,dual system of self-control(impulse and control system),and cyberbullying.The results from mediation-moderation analysis indicated that parental psychological control directly predicts higher cyberbullying.Specifically,moral disengagement partially mediated this relationship,as higher parental psychological control increases moral disengagement,which in turn elevates the risk of cyberbullying.Furthermore,parental psychological control moderated the relationship between parental control and cyberbullying through impulse control systems within the dual system of self-control.Individuals with high impulsivity scores are more likely to engage in cyberbullying when exposed to high levels of parental psychological control,whereas individuals with low impulsivity scores exhibit a lower incidence of cyberbullying.展开更多
This longitudinal study examined the association between parental autonomy support and school-aged children’s adjustment across four major domains of school functioning,as well as the mediating role of children’s ex...This longitudinal study examined the association between parental autonomy support and school-aged children’s adjustment across four major domains of school functioning,as well as the mediating role of children’s executive function.Participants were 476 school-aged children(girl:49.2%,M_(age)=10.49 years,SD=1.32 years),who completed the Psychological Autonomy Support Scale,the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function–2,and the Primary School Students’Psychological Suzhi Scale at baseline and at two subsequent follow-up assessments.Results from unconditional latent growth curve models and structural equation modeling indicated that paternal autonomy support was a significant predictor of children’s adjustment across all four school domains.In contrast,maternal autonomy support was significantly associated only with interpersonal adjustment.Both the intercept(initial level)and slope(rate of change)of children’s executive function significantly predicted their adjustment in all four domains.Notably,the initial level of executive function fully mediated the association between paternal autonomy support and school adjustment,whereas the rate of change in executive function did not serve as a significant mediator.Thesefindings underscore the importance of promoting parental autonomy-supportive behaviors-particularly among fathers-as a means to enhance children’s executive functioning and,consequently,their school adjustment.展开更多
This study investigated the relationship between parental cognitive ability and child logical reasoning ability,and the role of academic expectation and family environment in that relationship.Based on the 2020 China ...This study investigated the relationship between parental cognitive ability and child logical reasoning ability,and the role of academic expectation and family environment in that relationship.Based on the 2020 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data,1491 children(girls ratio=53.78%;average grade=6.023 years,school grade standard deviation=1.825 years).Results following multiple regression model(OLS)show that the higher the parental cognitive ability,the higher the children’s logical reasoning ability.Secondly,parental academic expectation serves as a mediator between their cognitive ability and children’s logical reasoning ability for higher logical reasoning by children.Third,a possible family environment acts as a mediator in the relationship between parents’cognitive ability and children’s logical reasoning ability to be higher.We conclude from thesefindings that parents with high cognitive abilities can enhance their children’s logical reasoning skills not only by setting higher academic expectations,but also by cultivating a supportive family environment.Thesefindings imply a need for intervention to improve family quality of life to enhance children’s thinking abilities to optimize their academic learning.展开更多
The study by Lu et al explores the integration of remote family psychological support courses(R-FPSC)with traditional caregiver-mediated interventions(CMI)in the context of autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Conducted as a...The study by Lu et al explores the integration of remote family psychological support courses(R-FPSC)with traditional caregiver-mediated interventions(CMI)in the context of autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Conducted as a singleblinded randomized controlled trial involving 140 parents of children with ASD,the research highlights the crucial role of parental mental health in optimizing therapeutic outcomes.Results indicate that the addition of R-FPSC significantly enhances parental competence and reduces stress more effectively than CMI alone.Despite improvements in parenting stress and competence,no significant differences were noted in anxiety and depression symptoms between the groups,suggesting that while R-FPSC strengthens parenting skills,its impact on mood disorders requires further investigation.The findings advocate for the inclusion of remote psychological support in family interventions as a feasible and costeffective strategy,broadening access to essential resources and improving both parental and child outcomes.The study emphasizes the need for future research to evaluate the long-term impacts of such interventions and to explore the specific mechanisms through which parental mental health improvements affect child development.展开更多
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma and parental socialization have been postulated as environmental factors of at-risk mental state(ARMS).Parental socialization is the process through which parents shape children’s self-reg...BACKGROUND Childhood trauma and parental socialization have been postulated as environmental factors of at-risk mental state(ARMS).Parental socialization is the process through which parents shape children’s self-regulation by providing guidance and protection.Although the impact of trauma on ARMS has been theorized,its clinical implications have not yet been fully clarified in adolescence,nor have explanatory models of parenting styles been established.AIM To investigate the role of traumatic experiences in the appearance of ARMS in the general adolescent population,considering the influence of parental socialization.METHODS A cross-sectional study of 697 adolescents aged 11-15 years was conducted,during which several questionnaires assessing childhood trauma,psychotic symptoms,and parenting styles were administered.The sample was divided into control,low-risk,medium-risk,and high-risk groups.RESULTS Some 2.8%(n=19)of the adolescents presented ARMS and the presence of childhood trauma was associated with an increased risk of ARMS.Furthermore,the presence of abuse was greater in the high-risk and low-risk groups compared to controls.Regarding parental socialization,it was determined that a family socialization style based on greater affection–communication decreased the probability of ARMS.Finally,using PROCESS model 1(regressionbased path analysis that uses ordinary least squares regression),results suggested that low levels of affection and communication may mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and ARMS in adolescents.CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of the early detection of trauma in preventing ARMS,without forgetting the importance of socialization styles.展开更多
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period marked by significant psychological changes.This study explores how self-efficacy and parental parenting styles may influence the risk of severe depression among teens.The h...BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period marked by significant psychological changes.This study explores how self-efficacy and parental parenting styles may influence the risk of severe depression among teens.The hypothesis is that higher self-efficacy and authoritative parenting patterns will be negatively correlated with severe depression in adolescents.AIM To investigate the correlation between self-efficacy,parenting patterns and major depression in adolescents,and to provide guidance for mental intervention.METHODS Using a cross-sectional survey design,the data were collected through a questionnaire survey.Patients with major depression and healthy adolescents in the hospital control group were selected as the study objects.The General Self-Efficacy Scale,the Parenting Style Evaluation Scale,and the Beck Depression Inventory were used as research instruments.Data input and statistical analysis were performed,including descriptive statistics,correlation analysis,through SPSS software.RESULTS The study found that depressed patients had significantly lower self-efficacy than healthy controls,and parenting style was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in terms of emotional warmth and understanding,punishment severity,and denial.Specifically,parental emotional warmth and understanding were significantly negatively associated with depressive symptoms,while parental punishment severity and denial were significantly positively associated with depressive symptoms.Self-efficacy showed a significant negative correlation with depressive symptoms,indicating that higher self-efficacy had lower depressive symptoms.CONCLUSION Adolescent major depressive disorder patient was significantly associated with their parenting style and selfefficacy.Higher self-efficacy is associated with decreased depressive symptoms,so improving adolescent selfefficacy and improving parenting style are important.展开更多
Intelligence quotient(IQ)and adaptive behavior are the influencing factors of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in children entering mainstream schools.This study explored the association between parental education level,I...Intelligence quotient(IQ)and adaptive behavior are the influencing factors of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in children entering mainstream schools.This study explored the association between parental education level,IQ,and adaptive behavior in ASD groups.A total of 257 school-age ASD children were enrolled in our study from January 2017 to June 2021.Their parents completed a standard demographic form,including age at autism diagnosis,gender,school placement,and parents’educational background.The Chinese version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,Fourth Edition(WISC-IV)was completed by a certified assessor for each enrolled child.Parents were interviewed on adaptive behavior using the Chinese version of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System,Second Edition(ABAS-II).The average IQ of school-age ASD children was 76.88(standard deviation(SD)=22.62)and boys had higher IQ levels than girls.The IQ was positively correlated with age.The General Adaptive Composite(GAC)score was 82.47(SD=15.86)and adaptive behavior did not increase with age.ASD children who attended mainstream schools had better adaptive behavior profiles than other children.The mother’s education level showed a significant correlation with the IQ and adaptive behavior of autistic children,while the father’s education level did not.Consequently,better training and support for parents may help autistic children enter mainstream schools,with adaptive training being the most urgently required skill for parents.展开更多
Background:This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescent mental health problems,with academic pressure as a moderating variable.Methods:This study was based ...Background:This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescent mental health problems,with academic pressure as a moderating variable.Methods:This study was based on the baseline data of the China Education Panel Survey,which was collected within one school year during 2013–2014.It included 19,958 samples from seventh and ninth graders,who ranged from 11 to 18 years old.After removing missing values and conducting relevant data processing,the effective sample size for analysis was 16344.The OLS(Ordinary Least Squares)multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between parental educational expectations,academic pressure,and adolescents’mental health problems.In addition,we established an interaction term between parents’educational expectations and academic pressure to investigate the moderating effect of academic stress.Results:The study found that adolescents whose parents had high educational expectations reported less mental health problems.(β=−0.195;p<0.001).Additionally,adolescents who had high academic pressure reported more mental health problems.(β=0.649;p<0.001).Furthermore,the study found that academic pressure had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescents’mental health problems(β=0.082;p<0.001).Conclusion:Parental educational expectations had a close relationship with adolescents’mental health problems,and academic pressure moderated this relationship.For those adolescents with high levels of academic pressure,the association between high parental educational expectations and mental health problems became stronger.On the contrary,for those adolescents with low levels of academic pressure,the association between high parental educational expectations and mental health problems became weaker.These findings shed new light on how parental educational expectations affected adolescent mental health problems and had significant implications for their healthy development.展开更多
AIM:To understand the current situation of parental perspectives,knowledge,and practices concerning myopia prevention and control for both pre-and school-aged children.METHODS:This study was a cross-sectional survey t...AIM:To understand the current situation of parental perspectives,knowledge,and practices concerning myopia prevention and control for both pre-and school-aged children.METHODS:This study was a cross-sectional survey that involved children aged 0 to 15y and their parents.Participants were required to respond to an online questionnaire by scanning a quick response(QR)code.The questionnaire consisted of 25 tick-box questions and was open to response from December 22,2022,to January 5,2023.The dioptric traits of the children,the visual status and educational background of the parents,the parental perspectives towards myopia and its risks,and the parents’knowledge and practices related to myopia prevention and control were recorded and measured.The Chi-square test and binomial logistic regression were used for statistics.RESULTS:Totally 350 parents responded to the questionnaire.The prevalence and severity of myopia among the surveyed children exhibited a positive correlation with advancing age(P<0.001 and P=0.004,respectively).Nearly half of parents with myopic children considered myopia did not pose any health threat and could be effectively corrected(P<0.001).Parents who held master’s or doctoral degree demonstrated a better understanding of children’s vision standards for each age group(P=0.001),and 31.63% of them could undergo initial vision screening for their children during the age of 0 to 3y while parents with bachelor’s degree(34.04%)and below(32.43%)mainly initiated the vision examination for their children at the age of 4 to 6y(P=0.05).Parents with master’s or doctoral degree also exhibited more rational practices concerning outdoor time(P=0.048)and sleep time(P=0.044).No other significant discrepancy among the different educational groups in additional conceptions of myopia,such as hyperopia reserve,axis length,and corneal curvature alterations.Most parents preferred to employ conventional interventions,such as enhancing indoor lighting condition(80.00%)and ensuring appropriate reading posture and distance(71.71%).CONCLUSION:The current status of parental knowledge and practices about myopia prevention and control remains outdated and deficient.The administrative department should implement efficacious and adaptable measures to enhance parental awareness and foster their commitment towards myopia prevention and control.展开更多
BACKGROUND Studies have revealed that Children's psychological,behavioral,and emotional problems are easily influenced by the family environment.In recent years,the family structure in China has undergone signific...BACKGROUND Studies have revealed that Children's psychological,behavioral,and emotional problems are easily influenced by the family environment.In recent years,the family structure in China has undergone significant changes,with more families having two or three children.AIM To explore the relationship between emotional behavior and parental job stress in only preschool and non-only preschool children.METHODS Children aged 3-6 in kindergartens in four main urban areas of Shijiazhuang were selected by stratified sampling for a questionnaire and divided into only and nononly child groups.Their emotional behaviors and parental pressure were compared.Only and non-only children were paired in a 1:1 ratio by class and age(difference less than or equal to 6 months),and the matched data were compared.The relationship between children's emotional behavior and parents'job stress before and after matching was analyzed.RESULTS Before matching,the mother's occupation,children's personality characteristics,and children's rearing patterns differed between the groups(P<0.05).After matching 550 pairs,differences in the children's parenting styles remained.There were significant differences in children's gender and parents'attitudes toward children between the two groups.The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)scores of children in the only child group and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form(PSI-SF)scores of parents were significantly lower than those in the non-only child group(P<0.05).Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that after matching,there was a positive correlation between children's parenting style and parents'attitudes toward their children(r=0.096,P<0.01),and the PSI-SF score was positively correlated with children's gender,parents'attitudes toward their children,and SDQ scores(r=0.077,0.193,0.172,0.222).CONCLUSION Preschool children's emotional behavior and parental pressure were significantly higher in multi-child families.Parental pressure in differently structured families was associated with many factors,and preschool children's emotional behavior was positively correlated with parental pressure.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Parental presence in neonatal units(NUs)is essential for infant development and family well-being.A deeper understanding of the factors influencing parental presence is vital and will contribute to the development of targeted interventions and policies that enhance parental engagement in neonatal care,thereby improving outcomes for infants and their families.AIM To identify and analyze primary factors influencing parental involvement in their child’s care in a neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).METHODS A literature search was conducted using the PubMed,MEDLINE,and Cochrane Library for systematic reviews databases,with the following search terms:“parental presence neonatology”,“couplet care”,“zero separation neonatal care”,“family integrated care”,“couplet care intervention”,“mother-child separation”,“parents newborn togetherness”,“mother-baby care”,“closeness and separation NICU”,“mother-infant interaction NICU”,“kangaroo care”,“dyad mother-infant”,and“newborn integrated care”.The database search for this literature review began on December 10,2024,with the final search conducted on April 10,2025.RESULTS The literature search yielded 281 articles,out of which 23 were selected for a detailed review.The factors associated with parental presence in NUs were grouped into five main categories:Parents’socio-demographic and cultural traits;the physical layout and care model of the NUs;the quality of parents’relationships with the healthcare staff;their active involvement in neonatal care;and the newborn’s health status.CONCLUSION The identification of factors that affect parental presence in NUs is critical for developing effective strategies aimed at encouraging increased parental involvement and ultimately improving neonatal and family outcomes.
基金supported in part by the Higher Education Sprout Project,Ministry of Education,to the Headquarters of University Advancement at National Cheng Kung University(NCKU).
文摘Background:While various factors contributing to delinquency have been explored,the role of selfesteem in this specific context has received little attention.Hence,this study aims to investigate the complex issue of adolescent delinquency in Iran by focusing on the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between parental attachment and delinquent behavior.Methods:Using the multistage cluster random sampling method,the research involved 528 high school students in Tehran.Each student completed validated scales assessing their parental attachment,self-esteem,and delinquency at school.Multiple regression analyses with the Sobel test and bootstrappingmethod were used to examine mediated effects.Results:Thefindings reveal that self-esteem significantly mediates the relationship betweenmaternal attachment and delinquency(standardized coefficient=−0.0292;p=0.04).Adolescents with secure maternal attachments tend to exhibit higher self-esteem,which reduces the likelihood of delinquent behavior.In contrast,paternal attachment did not show a significant mediating effect in this study.These results underscore the importance of cultivating secure maternal relationships and fostering positive self-esteem to address adolescent delinquency.Conclusion:The study suggests that targeted interventions that strengthen maternal attachment and boost self-esteem could effectively mitigate delinquent behaviors among Iranian adolescents.These interventions should prioritize the emotional support and value of secure maternal bonds as key factors in promoting healthy adolescent development.
文摘Numerous hypotheses predict associations between phenotype-associated breeder traits and reproductive success.In secondary cavity-nesting passerine birds,which have been investigated most,up to more than 90parental characteristics have been linked to at least one field measure of breeding performance.However,within study populations,different parental traits,such as clutch size,first-egg date,egg size,nest architecture,plumage colour,adult morphometry,or song performance,are often weakly correlated across female and/or male breeders.Furthermore,many of these studies have been conducted outside the theoretical framework of the'Individual Optimisation Hypothesis' of clutch size(IOH).IOH predicts that:(i) females with larger clutches will have larger broods at hatching and fledging compared to those with smaller clutches;and(ii) clutch size,which is adaptively adjusted to the parents' ability to rear nestlings,should always maximize the percentage of eggs producing fledglings so that variation in clutch size becomes disconnected from variation in breeding success.In this paper,we present the first detailed review of implications of IOH for parental characters other than clutch size.Our review covered 188 non-experimental studies and 1074 statistical results that examined how parental traits influence breeding success in Western Palearctic Great Tits(Parus major),Blue Tits(Cyanistes spp.),and flycatchers(Ficedula spp.).Clutch size explained one third of the variation in brood size at hatching and fledging within study populations.However,most parental characteristics associated weakly with the number of hatchlings or fledglings,likely because they did not correlate with clutch size.Overall,parental traits were poorly correlated with the proportion of hatchlings and fledglings per egg.We discuss why intraspecific variation in phenotype-associated breeder traits is often disconnected from interindividual differences in breeding success,and highlight the importance of underexplored research problems in avian breeding biology.
文摘Good mental well-being is necessary for achievement in science at any level.There are extrinsic factors that have the potential to determine a learner’s mental well-being,and the role of the parent(s)cannot be undermined.Therefore,this study examined the relationships between parental engagement(PE),parents’attitude to science(PAS),and mental well-being(MWb)among junior science students.This descriptive survey involved a population of Junior Secondary Three(3)students studying Basic Science in public co-educational schools.A sample of three hundred(300)respondents was randomly drawn from 10 schools within the metropolis.Quantitative data were sourced using three validated questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.The research showed that PE(2.19)and PAS(2.13)are relatively high,while MWb(2.51)is moderately normal.The influence of PE and PAS on MWb is significant.Both PE and PAS have a significant positive relationship with MWb.Also,PE and PAS were found to jointly contribute to students’MWb.In conclusion,PE and PAS have implications for the child’s mental well-being and ultimate success in science.We,therefore,recommend that more parental engagement be encouraged by improving sensitization,and orientation programs could be organized for parents of science students.This may provide an avenue for parents to be better equipped to support their young scientists.
文摘With the widespread adoption of smartphones,parental phubbing behaviors have become increasingly prevalent,potentially affecting preschool children’s development.Current research primarily focuses on adolescent populations,while the mechanisms through which parental phubbing and authoritarian parenting style influence preschool children’s behavioral problems within the Chinese cultural context remain to be explored.Our investigation seeks to examine the factors contributing to behavioral difficulties among children of preschool age and provide theoretical guidance for prevention.Methods In our research,we utilized a convenience sampling approach to collect data from parents whose children(n=612)were between 3 and 7 years of age.The questionnaire distribution was facilitated via the Wenjuanxing online survey platform.Research instruments included the Parental Phubbing Scale,Parent-Child Relationship Scale,Authoritarian Parenting Style Scale,and Conners Child Behavior Rating Scale.For analytical procedures,we employed SPSS 24.0 to generate descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.Chain mediation effects were examined via Process macro,while significance assessment of the mediating effects relied on the Bootstrap method for constructing 95%confidence intervals.Results A statistically significant positive association was observed between parental phubbing and behavioral problems exhibited by children(r=0.251,p<0.001).Parental phubbing exhibited a significant direct effect on children’s behavioral problems(β=0.088,p<0.001).Analysis of sequential mediation demonstrated that authoritarian parenting style together with parent-child conflict functioned as significant intermediary variables in the relationship between parental phubbing and children’s problem behaviors(β=0.163,p<0.001),with these indirect pathways constituting 64.94%of the total effect.Conclusion Parental phubbing significantly contributes to behavioral problems in preschool children.Parents should monitor their media use,improve their parenting approach,and enhance parent-child relationships to reduce behavioral problems in preschool children.
基金provided by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant 32071491,31772465,31672299,31572271,and 32260128)。
文摘Inclusive fitness theory posits that altruistic behaviors,which are directed more likely towards relatives,should be favored by natural selection.However,the prevalence of alternative parenting behaviors in offspring selection,including rejecting their own offspring and accepting the offspring of others,remains poorly understood within the context of parental care evolution.In order to investigate the factors that prompt the occurrence of alternative parenting behaviors,we designed a series of experiments in the Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus).By manipulating the nest spatial position or offspring age/number and parent-offspring familiarity,we addressed how parents provided parental care for the manipulated offspring.In the nest resettlement experiment,the probability of parents rejecting their own offspring significantly increased with nest-moving distances while decreased with offspring ages.In the cross-fostering experiments,the probability of parents provisioning unrelated young significantly decreased with the age difference between cross-fostered chicks.In the nest duplication experiments,where parents were given a choice between familiar offspring and unfamiliar unrelated chicks or between unfamiliar offspring and familiar unrelated chicks,the probability of both alternative parenting behaviors was significantly influenced by the time when parental association with their offspring was deprived.We conclude that as offspring phenotypic traits become individualized and fixed at a special developmental stage,parents gradually acquire the capacity for offspring recognition by associating with them.Any factors that disrupt parent-offspring association or introduce unrelated young into the nest prior to this critical timeline can result in the occurrence of alternative parenting behaviors.
基金supported by Hamadan University of Medical Sciences supported financially this research(No.140005123994).
文摘Objectives:To investigate the parenting stress,care burden,and coping styles in mothers of autistic children during the pandemic of COVID-19.The outbreak of COVID-19 and the closure of education and care centers for these children may affect stress,care burden,and adaptation of these mothers.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional research.A total of 110 mothers completed questionnaires.Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics(frequency,percentage,mean,and standard deviation),independent t-test,ANOVA,and multiple linear regressions.Results:Findings showed that parenting stress has a strong and direct correlation with caring burden(P<0.001,r=0.95),and a strong and indirect correlation with coping styles(P<0.001,r=−0.91).Variables of caring burden,coping strategies,mother’s age,mother’s job,mother’s education,number of autistic children,economic status,children’s age,and functional level of autism in children can predict 72.21%of the variance in parenting stress in these mothers.Conclusions:In the present study,parenting stress of mothers of autistic children was reported to be high during the COVID-19 pandemic.Based on the findings of this study,it can be concluded that pediatric nurses and health policymakers should provide a suitable educational and supportive environment for mothers of autistic children to enhance the coping level of these mothers and consequently reduce their parenting stress and care burden.
基金supported by a special grant from the Taishan Scholars Project(Project No.tsqn202211130).
文摘Background:Despite growing research on parental technology use and its impacts on adolescent development,the influence of parental smartphone behavior on creativity remains understudied.This study addresses this gap by examining how parental phubbing affects adolescent creativity,exploring both direct and indirect pathways through creative self-efficacy as a mediator and problematic smartphone use(PSU)as a moderator.Methods:A total of 9111 Chinese vocational school adolescents(60.3%male;mean age=16.88 years)were recruited via convenience sampling.Participants completed validated self-report questionnaires assessing creativity,parental phubbing,creative self-efficacy,and PSU.A moderated mediation model was tested using jamovi with bootstrapping procedures(2000 resamples),controlling for gender,age,sibling status,and school type.Results:Creative self-efficacy significantly mediated the relationship between parental phubbing and adolescent creativity(indirect effect=0.061,95%CI[0.013,0.109]),while the direct effect was non-significant.PSU moderated both pathways,revealing contrasting patterns:for adolescents with high PSU,parental phubbing showed positive associations with creative self-efficacy and creativity,whereas among those with low PSU,parental phubbing demonstrated negative associations with both outcomes.Conclusion:This study reveals the complex influence of parental phubbing on adolescent creativity,with effects contingent upon adolescents’own digital engagement patterns.It emphasizes the need to balance guidance and autonomy in fostering creativity.While not endorsing phubbing,the findings challenge simplistic views of technology’s impact and stress the importance of individual differences.The results offer valuable insights for parents,educators,and policymakers supporting youth development in today’s digital family environments.
基金support from the Liaoning Provincial Social Science Fund for Youth Projects(Grant ID:L24CSH003).
文摘Background:Despite increasing attention to parental educational anxiety in China’s educational system,the underlying mechanisms through which this anxiety affects adolescent academic performance remain unclear.This study aims to investigate how parental educational anxiety influences academic outcomes through depression and self-efficacy while considering the role of problematic social media use in today’s digital age.Methods:Data analysis was conducted using stratified random cluster sampling techniques.Participants for this study were recruited from middle and high schools in China.The sample comprised 2579 traditional two-parent families,each consisting of a pair of parents and one child.The commencement of data collection occurred in March 2024.A range of analytical techniques was employed to examine the relationship between parental education anxiety and student academic performance,including bivariate correlations,path analysis,mediation analysis,and moderation analysis.Results:The study findings revealed that parental educational anxiety negatively predicted student academic performance(β=−0.510,t=−35.011,p<0.001).Furthermore,a significant and negative relationship was identified between student depression and self-efficacy(β=−0.179,t=−8.336,p<0.001),which was chain-mediated.Additionally,problematic social media use moderated the relationship between parental educational anxiety and student academic performance(p<0.001),with stronger negative effects at higher levels of social media use.Conclusion:This study demonstrates that parental educational anxiety has both direct and indirect negative associationswith student academic performance through complex psychological pathways.The findings reveal a sequential mediation mechanism where parental educational anxiety first influences student depression,which in turn affects self-efficacy,ultimately impacting academic performance.The strength of these relationships is notably moderated by problematic social media use,with higher levels of social media engagement amplifying the negative association between parental educational anxiety and academic outcomes.These findings illuminate the complex interplay between family dynamics,student mental health,and educational achievement in the contemporary digital age.
基金supported by the Industry-Education Integration and Collaborative Education Project(No.230806121220054)the Joint Founding Project of Innovation Research Institute of Xijing Hospital(LHJJ24XL06).
文摘This study examined the role of moral disengagement dual system of self-control in the relationship between parental psychological control and cyberbullying.Participants were involved 802 vocational college students(46.01%females;M=18.11,SD=1.23).They completed measures on parental psychological control,moral disengagement,dual system of self-control(impulse and control system),and cyberbullying.The results from mediation-moderation analysis indicated that parental psychological control directly predicts higher cyberbullying.Specifically,moral disengagement partially mediated this relationship,as higher parental psychological control increases moral disengagement,which in turn elevates the risk of cyberbullying.Furthermore,parental psychological control moderated the relationship between parental control and cyberbullying through impulse control systems within the dual system of self-control.Individuals with high impulsivity scores are more likely to engage in cyberbullying when exposed to high levels of parental psychological control,whereas individuals with low impulsivity scores exhibit a lower incidence of cyberbullying.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(CN)(Grant No.32071074).
文摘This longitudinal study examined the association between parental autonomy support and school-aged children’s adjustment across four major domains of school functioning,as well as the mediating role of children’s executive function.Participants were 476 school-aged children(girl:49.2%,M_(age)=10.49 years,SD=1.32 years),who completed the Psychological Autonomy Support Scale,the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function–2,and the Primary School Students’Psychological Suzhi Scale at baseline and at two subsequent follow-up assessments.Results from unconditional latent growth curve models and structural equation modeling indicated that paternal autonomy support was a significant predictor of children’s adjustment across all four school domains.In contrast,maternal autonomy support was significantly associated only with interpersonal adjustment.Both the intercept(initial level)and slope(rate of change)of children’s executive function significantly predicted their adjustment in all four domains.Notably,the initial level of executive function fully mediated the association between paternal autonomy support and school adjustment,whereas the rate of change in executive function did not serve as a significant mediator.Thesefindings underscore the importance of promoting parental autonomy-supportive behaviors-particularly among fathers-as a means to enhance children’s executive functioning and,consequently,their school adjustment.
基金supported by scientific research fund of Jiangxi Provincial Social Sciences“14th Five-Year Plan”(No.23SH05).
文摘This study investigated the relationship between parental cognitive ability and child logical reasoning ability,and the role of academic expectation and family environment in that relationship.Based on the 2020 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data,1491 children(girls ratio=53.78%;average grade=6.023 years,school grade standard deviation=1.825 years).Results following multiple regression model(OLS)show that the higher the parental cognitive ability,the higher the children’s logical reasoning ability.Secondly,parental academic expectation serves as a mediator between their cognitive ability and children’s logical reasoning ability for higher logical reasoning by children.Third,a possible family environment acts as a mediator in the relationship between parents’cognitive ability and children’s logical reasoning ability to be higher.We conclude from thesefindings that parents with high cognitive abilities can enhance their children’s logical reasoning skills not only by setting higher academic expectations,but also by cultivating a supportive family environment.Thesefindings imply a need for intervention to improve family quality of life to enhance children’s thinking abilities to optimize their academic learning.
基金Supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,No.NRF-RS-2023-00237287.
文摘The study by Lu et al explores the integration of remote family psychological support courses(R-FPSC)with traditional caregiver-mediated interventions(CMI)in the context of autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Conducted as a singleblinded randomized controlled trial involving 140 parents of children with ASD,the research highlights the crucial role of parental mental health in optimizing therapeutic outcomes.Results indicate that the addition of R-FPSC significantly enhances parental competence and reduces stress more effectively than CMI alone.Despite improvements in parenting stress and competence,no significant differences were noted in anxiety and depression symptoms between the groups,suggesting that while R-FPSC strengthens parenting skills,its impact on mood disorders requires further investigation.The findings advocate for the inclusion of remote psychological support in family interventions as a feasible and costeffective strategy,broadening access to essential resources and improving both parental and child outcomes.The study emphasizes the need for future research to evaluate the long-term impacts of such interventions and to explore the specific mechanisms through which parental mental health improvements affect child development.
基金Supported by Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU,CEU Universities,No.GIR24/27。
文摘BACKGROUND Childhood trauma and parental socialization have been postulated as environmental factors of at-risk mental state(ARMS).Parental socialization is the process through which parents shape children’s self-regulation by providing guidance and protection.Although the impact of trauma on ARMS has been theorized,its clinical implications have not yet been fully clarified in adolescence,nor have explanatory models of parenting styles been established.AIM To investigate the role of traumatic experiences in the appearance of ARMS in the general adolescent population,considering the influence of parental socialization.METHODS A cross-sectional study of 697 adolescents aged 11-15 years was conducted,during which several questionnaires assessing childhood trauma,psychotic symptoms,and parenting styles were administered.The sample was divided into control,low-risk,medium-risk,and high-risk groups.RESULTS Some 2.8%(n=19)of the adolescents presented ARMS and the presence of childhood trauma was associated with an increased risk of ARMS.Furthermore,the presence of abuse was greater in the high-risk and low-risk groups compared to controls.Regarding parental socialization,it was determined that a family socialization style based on greater affection–communication decreased the probability of ARMS.Finally,using PROCESS model 1(regressionbased path analysis that uses ordinary least squares regression),results suggested that low levels of affection and communication may mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and ARMS in adolescents.CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of the early detection of trauma in preventing ARMS,without forgetting the importance of socialization styles.
文摘BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period marked by significant psychological changes.This study explores how self-efficacy and parental parenting styles may influence the risk of severe depression among teens.The hypothesis is that higher self-efficacy and authoritative parenting patterns will be negatively correlated with severe depression in adolescents.AIM To investigate the correlation between self-efficacy,parenting patterns and major depression in adolescents,and to provide guidance for mental intervention.METHODS Using a cross-sectional survey design,the data were collected through a questionnaire survey.Patients with major depression and healthy adolescents in the hospital control group were selected as the study objects.The General Self-Efficacy Scale,the Parenting Style Evaluation Scale,and the Beck Depression Inventory were used as research instruments.Data input and statistical analysis were performed,including descriptive statistics,correlation analysis,through SPSS software.RESULTS The study found that depressed patients had significantly lower self-efficacy than healthy controls,and parenting style was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in terms of emotional warmth and understanding,punishment severity,and denial.Specifically,parental emotional warmth and understanding were significantly negatively associated with depressive symptoms,while parental punishment severity and denial were significantly positively associated with depressive symptoms.Self-efficacy showed a significant negative correlation with depressive symptoms,indicating that higher self-efficacy had lower depressive symptoms.CONCLUSION Adolescent major depressive disorder patient was significantly associated with their parenting style and selfefficacy.Higher self-efficacy is associated with decreased depressive symptoms,so improving adolescent selfefficacy and improving parenting style are important.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LGF20H090015)。
文摘Intelligence quotient(IQ)and adaptive behavior are the influencing factors of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in children entering mainstream schools.This study explored the association between parental education level,IQ,and adaptive behavior in ASD groups.A total of 257 school-age ASD children were enrolled in our study from January 2017 to June 2021.Their parents completed a standard demographic form,including age at autism diagnosis,gender,school placement,and parents’educational background.The Chinese version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,Fourth Edition(WISC-IV)was completed by a certified assessor for each enrolled child.Parents were interviewed on adaptive behavior using the Chinese version of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System,Second Edition(ABAS-II).The average IQ of school-age ASD children was 76.88(standard deviation(SD)=22.62)and boys had higher IQ levels than girls.The IQ was positively correlated with age.The General Adaptive Composite(GAC)score was 82.47(SD=15.86)and adaptive behavior did not increase with age.ASD children who attended mainstream schools had better adaptive behavior profiles than other children.The mother’s education level showed a significant correlation with the IQ and adaptive behavior of autistic children,while the father’s education level did not.Consequently,better training and support for parents may help autistic children enter mainstream schools,with adaptive training being the most urgently required skill for parents.
基金the National Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science,China (Grant Numbers 18ZDA133 & 23BSH105)ChinaAssociation of Higher Education (Grant Number 23LH0418).
文摘Background:This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescent mental health problems,with academic pressure as a moderating variable.Methods:This study was based on the baseline data of the China Education Panel Survey,which was collected within one school year during 2013–2014.It included 19,958 samples from seventh and ninth graders,who ranged from 11 to 18 years old.After removing missing values and conducting relevant data processing,the effective sample size for analysis was 16344.The OLS(Ordinary Least Squares)multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between parental educational expectations,academic pressure,and adolescents’mental health problems.In addition,we established an interaction term between parents’educational expectations and academic pressure to investigate the moderating effect of academic stress.Results:The study found that adolescents whose parents had high educational expectations reported less mental health problems.(β=−0.195;p<0.001).Additionally,adolescents who had high academic pressure reported more mental health problems.(β=0.649;p<0.001).Furthermore,the study found that academic pressure had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescents’mental health problems(β=0.082;p<0.001).Conclusion:Parental educational expectations had a close relationship with adolescents’mental health problems,and academic pressure moderated this relationship.For those adolescents with high levels of academic pressure,the association between high parental educational expectations and mental health problems became stronger.On the contrary,for those adolescents with low levels of academic pressure,the association between high parental educational expectations and mental health problems became weaker.These findings shed new light on how parental educational expectations affected adolescent mental health problems and had significant implications for their healthy development.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82205196).
文摘AIM:To understand the current situation of parental perspectives,knowledge,and practices concerning myopia prevention and control for both pre-and school-aged children.METHODS:This study was a cross-sectional survey that involved children aged 0 to 15y and their parents.Participants were required to respond to an online questionnaire by scanning a quick response(QR)code.The questionnaire consisted of 25 tick-box questions and was open to response from December 22,2022,to January 5,2023.The dioptric traits of the children,the visual status and educational background of the parents,the parental perspectives towards myopia and its risks,and the parents’knowledge and practices related to myopia prevention and control were recorded and measured.The Chi-square test and binomial logistic regression were used for statistics.RESULTS:Totally 350 parents responded to the questionnaire.The prevalence and severity of myopia among the surveyed children exhibited a positive correlation with advancing age(P<0.001 and P=0.004,respectively).Nearly half of parents with myopic children considered myopia did not pose any health threat and could be effectively corrected(P<0.001).Parents who held master’s or doctoral degree demonstrated a better understanding of children’s vision standards for each age group(P=0.001),and 31.63% of them could undergo initial vision screening for their children during the age of 0 to 3y while parents with bachelor’s degree(34.04%)and below(32.43%)mainly initiated the vision examination for their children at the age of 4 to 6y(P=0.05).Parents with master’s or doctoral degree also exhibited more rational practices concerning outdoor time(P=0.048)and sleep time(P=0.044).No other significant discrepancy among the different educational groups in additional conceptions of myopia,such as hyperopia reserve,axis length,and corneal curvature alterations.Most parents preferred to employ conventional interventions,such as enhancing indoor lighting condition(80.00%)and ensuring appropriate reading posture and distance(71.71%).CONCLUSION:The current status of parental knowledge and practices about myopia prevention and control remains outdated and deficient.The administrative department should implement efficacious and adaptable measures to enhance parental awareness and foster their commitment towards myopia prevention and control.
基金Shijiazhuang City Science and Technology Research and Development Self Raised Plan,No.221460383。
文摘BACKGROUND Studies have revealed that Children's psychological,behavioral,and emotional problems are easily influenced by the family environment.In recent years,the family structure in China has undergone significant changes,with more families having two or three children.AIM To explore the relationship between emotional behavior and parental job stress in only preschool and non-only preschool children.METHODS Children aged 3-6 in kindergartens in four main urban areas of Shijiazhuang were selected by stratified sampling for a questionnaire and divided into only and nononly child groups.Their emotional behaviors and parental pressure were compared.Only and non-only children were paired in a 1:1 ratio by class and age(difference less than or equal to 6 months),and the matched data were compared.The relationship between children's emotional behavior and parents'job stress before and after matching was analyzed.RESULTS Before matching,the mother's occupation,children's personality characteristics,and children's rearing patterns differed between the groups(P<0.05).After matching 550 pairs,differences in the children's parenting styles remained.There were significant differences in children's gender and parents'attitudes toward children between the two groups.The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)scores of children in the only child group and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form(PSI-SF)scores of parents were significantly lower than those in the non-only child group(P<0.05).Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that after matching,there was a positive correlation between children's parenting style and parents'attitudes toward their children(r=0.096,P<0.01),and the PSI-SF score was positively correlated with children's gender,parents'attitudes toward their children,and SDQ scores(r=0.077,0.193,0.172,0.222).CONCLUSION Preschool children's emotional behavior and parental pressure were significantly higher in multi-child families.Parental pressure in differently structured families was associated with many factors,and preschool children's emotional behavior was positively correlated with parental pressure.
