Background:Bullying is a current social and educational problem with detrimental consequences in adolescence and later life stages.Previous research has explored the risk or protective factor at different socio-ecolog...Background:Bullying is a current social and educational problem with detrimental consequences in adolescence and later life stages.Previous research has explored the risk or protective factor at different socio-ecological levels,but further integration is needed to examine the relationships of family characteristics.This study examines how parenting style and attachment relate to adolescents’bullying and cyberbullying,and whether parental phubbing mediates these links.Methods:Grounded in social bonding theory,we surveyed a cross-sectional convenience sample of U.S.college students(N=545;Mean_(age)=19.60,SD=1.41)who retrospectively reported middle/high-school experiences from Massachusetts,Colorado,and Virginia.Measures followed established traditions of bullying involvement,parenting style,and partner phubbing).Linear regressions tested associations among parenting style,attachment to parents/teachers,parental phubbing,and bullying/cyberbullying offending and victimization.Results:Stronger parental attachment and democratic(authoritative)parenting were associated with lower bullying victimization,and teacher attachment was protective for offline and overall offending.Critically,parents’excessive personal technology use(phubbing)mediated the link between democratic parenting and bullying outcomes:high parental device use attenuated or nullified the protective association of democratic parenting.Conclusion:Findings reaffirm the value of nurturing,boundary-setting parenting and close parent–child/teacher bonds,while highlighting a contemporary risk—parental device-related inattention.Despite rapid technological change,the core need for stable human connection remains central to reducing bullying involvement.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of parental involvement,parenting stress,and social support on the social skills of school-aged children(6-18 years old)with intellectual disabilities(ID).Data were collected from 2...This study investigated the effects of parental involvement,parenting stress,and social support on the social skills of school-aged children(6-18 years old)with intellectual disabilities(ID).Data were collected from 280 Chinese parents(mothers=70.0%,fathers=30.0%)of children with ID through purposive sampling and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling(PLS-SEM).The results indicated that parental involvement not only directly enhanced children’s social skills but also indirectly improved them by alleviating parenting stress,which acted as a partial mediator.Contrary to the stress-buffering hypothesis,social support did not moderate the negative impact of parenting stress on social skills.Theoretically,this study contributes by validating ecological systems theory through a shift in focus from individual deficits to family systems,while also challenging the conventional view of stress-buffering theory.Accordingly,parent-support programs should integrate practical involvement training with systematic stress reduction and provide tailored assistance such as behavior-management training and respite care.展开更多
BACKGROUND There is a possible link between depression and anxiety about suicidal ideation among parents of children with congenital heart disease(CHD).AIM To document the effects of depression and anxiety on parental...BACKGROUND There is a possible link between depression and anxiety about suicidal ideation among parents of children with congenital heart disease(CHD).AIM To document the effects of depression and anxiety on parental suicidal ideation among children with CHD and the associated factors.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study among 50 parents of children with CHD who attended the Cardiac Clinic of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla.Information was obtained using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.RESULTS A greater percentage of parents whose child had a heart defect had anxiety symptoms(50.0%)than did those whose child had no heart defect(24.0%),and the difference in proportions was statistically significant(χ^(2)=7.250,P=0.007).A greater percentage of parents whose child had a heart defect had suicidal ideation(28.0%)than did those whose child had no heart defect(8.0%),and the difference in proportions was statistically significant(χ^(2)=6.775 P=0.009).A positive correlation was elicited between anxiety and suicide ideation,and this correlation was statistically significant(r=0.748,P<0.001).A positive correlation was elicited between depression and suicidal ideation scores,and this was statistically significant(r=0.617,P<0.001).CONCLUSION There is strong interconnectivity between anxiety and depression with suicidal ideation.There is an urgent need to start screening for the mental health of parents of children with CHD to avert the high propensity of complete suicide.In addition,policy makers may introduce a national clinical practice guideline on the importance of psychotherapy and mental health screening and targeted interventions for parents of children with CHD.展开更多
Background:This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms between parental marital conflict and adolescent short video dependence by constructing a chain mediation model,focusing on the mediating roles of ex...Background:This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms between parental marital conflict and adolescent short video dependence by constructing a chain mediation model,focusing on the mediating roles of experiential avoidance and emotional disturbance(anxiety,depression,and stress).Methods:Conducted in January 2025,the research recruited 4125 adolescents from multiple Chinese provinces through convenience sampling;after data cleaning,3957 valid participants(1959 males,1998 females)were included.Using a cross-sectional design,measures included parental marital conflict,experiential avoidance,anxiety,depression,stress,and short video dependence.Results:Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations among all variables.Mediation analysis using the SPSS PROCESS macro showed that parental marital conflict directly predicted short video dependence(β=0.269,p<0.001),and also significantly predicted experiential avoidance(β=0.519,p<0.001),anxiety(β=0.072,p<0.001),depression(β=0.067,p<0.001),and stress(β=0.048,p<0.05).Experiential avoidance further predicted anxiety(β=0.521,p<0.001),depression(β=0.489,p<0.001),stress(β=0.408,p<0.001),and short video dependence(β=0.244,p<0.001).While both anxiety(β=0.050,p<0.05)and depression(β=0.116,p<0.001)positively predicted short video dependence,stress did not(β=0.019,p=0.257).Overall,experiential avoidance,anxiety,depression,and stress significantly mediated the relationship between parental marital conflict and short video dependence.Conclusion:These findings confirm that parental marital conflict not only directly influences adolescent short video dependence but also operates through a chain mediation pathway involving experiential avoidance and emotional disturbance,highlighting central psychological mechanisms and providing theoretical support for integrated mental health and behavioral interventions.展开更多
Background:Maternal mental health literacy is a cognitive resource that may support preschoolers’emotional development,yet its influence on emotional regulation and the related mechanisms remains unclear.This study e...Background:Maternal mental health literacy is a cognitive resource that may support preschoolers’emotional development,yet its influence on emotional regulation and the related mechanisms remains unclear.This study examined whether maternal depressive mood and democratic parenting form a chain pathway linking maternal mental health literacy to preschoolers’emotional regulation ability.Methods:Mothers of 544 preschoolers in China’s Mainland completed an online questionnaire that assessed maternal mental health literacy,depressive mood,democratic parenting,and child emotional regulation.Structural path analysis was conducted with child age and gender controlled.Indirect effects were tested using 5000 bootstrap samples.Results:Maternal mental health literacy did not directly predict preschoolers’emotional regulation.Three indirect effects were significant.The pathway through depressive mood had an effect of 0.005,the pathway through democratic parenting had an effect of 0.004,and the chain pathway through depressive mood and democratic parenting had an effect of 0.002.All confidence intervals excluded 0.Conclusion:Maternal mental health literacy influences preschoolers’emotional regulation only through maternal depressive mood and democratic parenting,indicating that cognitive resources affect child emotional outcomes through emotional and behavioral processes rather than a direct pathway.展开更多
Background:Childhood leukemia,a malignant proliferative disorder of the hematopoietic system and the most common childhood cancer,poses a significant threat to the lives and health of affected children.For parents,a l...Background:Childhood leukemia,a malignant proliferative disorder of the hematopoietic system and the most common childhood cancer,poses a significant threat to the lives and health of affected children.For parents,a leukemia diagnosis in their child is a profoundly traumatic event.As primary caregivers,they endure immense psychological distress and caregiving stress throughout the prolonged and demanding treatment process,which can adversely affect their own well-being and caregiving capacity.However,the psychological mechanisms,such as the role of mindfulness,linking caregiver stress to parental coping strategies remain underexplored,and evidence-based interventions to support these parents are needed.Methods:In Study 1,we administered a cross-sectional survey to 242 parents of children with leukemia who were hospitalized at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between January and August 2024.Participants completed measures assessing caregiver burden,mindful attention awareness,and parental coping style.In Study 2,we further evaluated the effects of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction(MBSR)intervention.Results:The results of Study 1 revealed:(1)The caregiving stress significantly and negatively predicted coping style(β=−1.18,95%CI[−2.18,−0.18],p<0.01).(2)Caregiving stress also significantly and negatively predicted mindfulness(β=−1.90,95%CI[−2.43,−1.38],p<0.01).(3)Conversely,mindfulness significantly and positively predicted coping style(β=0.85,95%CI[0.62,1.07],p<0.01).These findings suggest that mindfulness mediates the relationship between caregiver burden and coping style.In Study 2,the experimental group showed a significant decrease in caregiver stress post-intervention(t=2.24,p<0.05),a significant increase in mindfulness(t=−4.61,p<0.001),and a significant improvement in coping style(t=−2.36,p<0.01).No significant changes were observed in the control group.Conclusion:MBSR can effectively enhance mindfulness and promote adaptive coping strategies,while reducing caregiver burden among parents of children with leukemia.展开更多
With the widespread adoption of smartphones,parental phubbing behaviors have become increasingly prevalent,potentially affecting preschool children’s development.Current research primarily focuses on adolescent popul...With the widespread adoption of smartphones,parental phubbing behaviors have become increasingly prevalent,potentially affecting preschool children’s development.Current research primarily focuses on adolescent populations,while the mechanisms through which parental phubbing and authoritarian parenting style influence preschool children’s behavioral problems within the Chinese cultural context remain to be explored.Our investigation seeks to examine the factors contributing to behavioral difficulties among children of preschool age and provide theoretical guidance for prevention.Methods In our research,we utilized a convenience sampling approach to collect data from parents whose children(n=612)were between 3 and 7 years of age.The questionnaire distribution was facilitated via the Wenjuanxing online survey platform.Research instruments included the Parental Phubbing Scale,Parent-Child Relationship Scale,Authoritarian Parenting Style Scale,and Conners Child Behavior Rating Scale.For analytical procedures,we employed SPSS 24.0 to generate descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.Chain mediation effects were examined via Process macro,while significance assessment of the mediating effects relied on the Bootstrap method for constructing 95%confidence intervals.Results A statistically significant positive association was observed between parental phubbing and behavioral problems exhibited by children(r=0.251,p<0.001).Parental phubbing exhibited a significant direct effect on children’s behavioral problems(β=0.088,p<0.001).Analysis of sequential mediation demonstrated that authoritarian parenting style together with parent-child conflict functioned as significant intermediary variables in the relationship between parental phubbing and children’s problem behaviors(β=0.163,p<0.001),with these indirect pathways constituting 64.94%of the total effect.Conclusion Parental phubbing significantly contributes to behavioral problems in preschool children.Parents should monitor their media use,improve their parenting approach,and enhance parent-child relationships to reduce behavioral problems in preschool children.展开更多
BACKGROUND Parental presence in neonatal units(NUs)is essential for infant development and family well-being.A deeper understanding of the factors influencing parental presence is vital and will contribute to the deve...BACKGROUND Parental presence in neonatal units(NUs)is essential for infant development and family well-being.A deeper understanding of the factors influencing parental presence is vital and will contribute to the development of targeted interventions and policies that enhance parental engagement in neonatal care,thereby improving outcomes for infants and their families.AIM To identify and analyze primary factors influencing parental involvement in their child’s care in a neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).METHODS A literature search was conducted using the PubMed,MEDLINE,and Cochrane Library for systematic reviews databases,with the following search terms:“parental presence neonatology”,“couplet care”,“zero separation neonatal care”,“family integrated care”,“couplet care intervention”,“mother-child separation”,“parents newborn togetherness”,“mother-baby care”,“closeness and separation NICU”,“mother-infant interaction NICU”,“kangaroo care”,“dyad mother-infant”,and“newborn integrated care”.The database search for this literature review began on December 10,2024,with the final search conducted on April 10,2025.RESULTS The literature search yielded 281 articles,out of which 23 were selected for a detailed review.The factors associated with parental presence in NUs were grouped into five main categories:Parents’socio-demographic and cultural traits;the physical layout and care model of the NUs;the quality of parents’relationships with the healthcare staff;their active involvement in neonatal care;and the newborn’s health status.CONCLUSION The identification of factors that affect parental presence in NUs is critical for developing effective strategies aimed at encouraging increased parental involvement and ultimately improving neonatal and family outcomes.展开更多
Background:Parents of children with autism are susceptible to parenting burnout due to tremendous parenting burden and parenting challenges.Parenting burnout has a detrimental effect on both children with autism and t...Background:Parents of children with autism are susceptible to parenting burnout due to tremendous parenting burden and parenting challenges.Parenting burnout has a detrimental effect on both children with autism and their parents.However,the underlying mechanisms that lead to parenting burnout remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting stress and parenting burnout,along with the serial mediation effect of social support and coping strategies in the context of families with autistic children.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study in 231 parents of autistic children in four autism facilities located in central Hubei province.Data were collected through the Parental Stress Index,Social Support Rating Scale,Simplified Coping Strategies Questionnaire,and Caregiver Burnout Assessment Questionnaire.Results:Parenting stress and burnout status were:72.3%of parents reported high-stress levels,16.9%experienced risks for parenting burnout,and 19.9%were currently experiencing burnout.Both social support and coping strategies played partial mediating roles in the relationship between parental stress and burnout,forming a serial mediation effect.Conclusion:Parenting stress is a risk factor for parenting burnout.Social support and coping strategies play a chain mediating role between parenting stress and parenting burnout,which may act as the underlying mechanisms.The study offers insights into potential intervention points for reducing parenting burnout.Future efforts are needed to devote to parenting stress,social support and coping strategy to enhance the psychological well-being of parents with autistic children.展开更多
Good mental well-being is necessary for achievement in science at any level.There are extrinsic factors that have the potential to determine a learner’s mental well-being,and the role of the parent(s)cannot be underm...Good mental well-being is necessary for achievement in science at any level.There are extrinsic factors that have the potential to determine a learner’s mental well-being,and the role of the parent(s)cannot be undermined.Therefore,this study examined the relationships between parental engagement(PE),parents’attitude to science(PAS),and mental well-being(MWb)among junior science students.This descriptive survey involved a population of Junior Secondary Three(3)students studying Basic Science in public co-educational schools.A sample of three hundred(300)respondents was randomly drawn from 10 schools within the metropolis.Quantitative data were sourced using three validated questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.The research showed that PE(2.19)and PAS(2.13)are relatively high,while MWb(2.51)is moderately normal.The influence of PE and PAS on MWb is significant.Both PE and PAS have a significant positive relationship with MWb.Also,PE and PAS were found to jointly contribute to students’MWb.In conclusion,PE and PAS have implications for the child’s mental well-being and ultimate success in science.We,therefore,recommend that more parental engagement be encouraged by improving sensitization,and orientation programs could be organized for parents of science students.This may provide an avenue for parents to be better equipped to support their young scientists.展开更多
Objective:To explore the impact of parenting care guidance combined with preventive healthcare on child family parenting.Methods:Ninety-two child families were included as research subjects and randomly divided into a...Objective:To explore the impact of parenting care guidance combined with preventive healthcare on child family parenting.Methods:Ninety-two child families were included as research subjects and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group,with 46 cases in each group.The former implemented basic preventive healthcare,while the latter simultaneously carried out parenting care guidance combined with preventive healthcare.The intervention results of the two groups were compared.Results:The observation group had a higher awareness rate of family parenting knowledge and a higher formation rate of healthy behaviors,P<0.05.At the same time,parents’parenting anxiety scores were lower,and family health management ability scores were higher,P<0.05.Moreover,the observation group showed higher scores in children’s social skills,P<0.05.Conclusion:Parenting care guidance combined with preventive healthcare can effectively improve the status of child family parenting,and it is worthy of promotion and application.展开更多
Background To investigate the relationship of age at first separation from parents(AFSP)with suicidal ideation(SI),suicide planning(SP)and suicide attempts(SA)among left-behind children(LBC)in China and the mediating ...Background To investigate the relationship of age at first separation from parents(AFSP)with suicidal ideation(SI),suicide planning(SP)and suicide attempts(SA)among left-behind children(LBC)in China and the mediating effect of traumatic events(TEs).Methods This cross-sectional study employed a multistage sampling method to conduct questionnaire surveys in six high-concentrated LBC provinces.Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were performed to investigate the association of AFSP with SI,SP and SA,and meta-analysis(I2)was used to assess the heterogeneity.Causal mediation analysis(structural equation modelling)was used to evaluate the mediating effect of TEs,and bootstrap resampling was employed to assess the robustness of the causal mediation analysis.Results A total of 12162(6269 LBC)participants were included in this study;the prevalence rates of SI,SP and SA among LBC were 30.7%,18.6%and 11.9%;and LBC had a higher risk of SI(OR:1.32),SP(OR:1.40)and SA(OR:1.25)than non-LBC,all p<0.001.AFSP was negatively associated with SI,SP and SA,particularly peaking before 2 years old.LBC with AFSP<2 years old had a higher risk of SI(OR 2.65;95%CI 2.17 to 3.24;p<0.001),SP(OR 2.63;95%CI 3.36 to 4.29;p<0.001)and SA(OR 2.04;95%CI 2.73 to 3.63;p<0.001).TEs mediated the increased risk of SI(average causal mediation effect(ACME)0.03–0.07;proportion(Prop)40–54%;all p<0.001),SP(ACME 0.03–0.06;Prop 39–61%;all p<0.001)and SA(ACME 0.02–0.04;Prop 53–80%;all p<0.01).Conclusions We found that AFSP was associated with SI,SP and SA,mediated by TEs.Our findings supported the necessity of reducing SI,SP and SA risks among LBC and highlighted the need to consider AFSPs and TEs in intervention strategies.展开更多
Inclusive fitness theory posits that altruistic behaviors,which are directed more likely towards relatives,should be favored by natural selection.However,the prevalence of alternative parenting behaviors in offspring ...Inclusive fitness theory posits that altruistic behaviors,which are directed more likely towards relatives,should be favored by natural selection.However,the prevalence of alternative parenting behaviors in offspring selection,including rejecting their own offspring and accepting the offspring of others,remains poorly understood within the context of parental care evolution.In order to investigate the factors that prompt the occurrence of alternative parenting behaviors,we designed a series of experiments in the Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus).By manipulating the nest spatial position or offspring age/number and parent-offspring familiarity,we addressed how parents provided parental care for the manipulated offspring.In the nest resettlement experiment,the probability of parents rejecting their own offspring significantly increased with nest-moving distances while decreased with offspring ages.In the cross-fostering experiments,the probability of parents provisioning unrelated young significantly decreased with the age difference between cross-fostered chicks.In the nest duplication experiments,where parents were given a choice between familiar offspring and unfamiliar unrelated chicks or between unfamiliar offspring and familiar unrelated chicks,the probability of both alternative parenting behaviors was significantly influenced by the time when parental association with their offspring was deprived.We conclude that as offspring phenotypic traits become individualized and fixed at a special developmental stage,parents gradually acquire the capacity for offspring recognition by associating with them.Any factors that disrupt parent-offspring association or introduce unrelated young into the nest prior to this critical timeline can result in the occurrence of alternative parenting behaviors.展开更多
Hello,everyone!I'm a fifth-grade student from Beijing.Today I want to talk about something I see a lot"tiger parenting".This means parents push their kids to study very hard.Many parents around me are li...Hello,everyone!I'm a fifth-grade student from Beijing.Today I want to talk about something I see a lot"tiger parenting".This means parents push their kids to study very hard.Many parents around me are like this.They send their kids to many after-school classes—online,inperson,big groups,small groups,even one-on-one lessons!Some parents give their kids a lot of extra homework.Others make them take many exams,like Olympic Math,KET,and PET.It feels like we always have to get certifi cates or we'll fall behind.Studying hard can be good.展开更多
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)affects approximately 5%of children worldwide and is associated with significant academic impairment.Parents of children with ADHD experience elevated stress an...BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)affects approximately 5%of children worldwide and is associated with significant academic impairment.Parents of children with ADHD experience elevated stress and anxiety levels,which may further affect their children's educational outcomes.This prospective study examined the relationship between parental anxiety and academic performance of children with ADHD over a 6-year period.AIM To investigate the longitudinal impact of parental anxiety on academic performance in children with ADHD and explore the mediating and moderating factors over a 6-year follow-up period.METHODS A longitudinal cohort study was conducted from 2018 to 2024,enrolling 118 children with ADHD(aged 6-12 years)and their parents from three specialized educational centers.Parental anxiety was assessed using the Parenting Stress Index-4(PSI-4)and Parental Anxiety Scale.Children's academic performance was measured using the Academic Performance Questionnaire and standardized achievement tests.Assessments were conducted at baseline and every 6 months for 3 years.RESULTS Higher parental anxiety scores were significantly associated with poorer academic performance in children with ADHD(β=-0.42,P<0.001).Children of parents with clinically significant anxiety(PSI-4 scores>85th percentile)showed 1.2 standard deviations lower academic achievement than children of parents with normal anxiety levels.The relationship was partially mediated by parent-child interaction quality(indirect effect=-0.18,95%CI:-0.26 to-0.10)and homework supervision practices(indirect effect=-0.15,95%CI:-0.22 to-0.08).CONCLUSION Parental anxiety could significantly affect the academic outcomes of children with ADHD via multiple pathways.Interventions targeting parental mental health may improve the educational outcomes of children with ADHD.展开更多
Background:Parenting exerts a profound influence on children’s mental health and behavioral development.Despite the high prevalence of children’s emotional and behavioral problems(CEBP)in China,evidence-based parent...Background:Parenting exerts a profound influence on children’s mental health and behavioral development.Despite the high prevalence of children’s emotional and behavioral problems(CEBP)in China,evidence-based parenting interventions remain scarcely investigated as preventive public health strategies.This pilot study evaluated a school-based intervention for preventing CEBP.Methods:We employed a quasi-experimental design with propensity score matching(PSM)to select 28 families(intervention:n=13;control:n=15)from two matched urban primary schools.Quantitative data from seven validated scales were analyzed using t-tests and ANCOVA.Qualitative insights were derived from 10 semi-structured interviews via thematic analysis.Results:Compared to the control group,the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in CEBP(p=0.020,Cohen’s d=0.92),parental adjustment(p=0.031,Cohen’s d=0.80),parenting confidence(p=0.003,Cohen’s d=1.04),and parentchild relationships(p=0.001,Cohen’s d=1.46).Non-significant effects were observed for parenting style,parental relationship,and parenting conflict(p>0.05).Qualitative analysis corroborated these findings and further identified contributing factors for non-significant outcomes,including challengeswithmeasurement adaptability and inconsistent co-parenting practices.Conclusions:This pilot study suggests that an authoritative parenting style may be effective and culturally adaptable in China.Positive parenting interventions appear to mitigate CEBP by reducing risk factors and enhancing protective factors.However,improving parental relationships and parenting conflict may require targeted strategies.Given the pilot nature of this PSM-matched study(n=28),the findings should be interpreted as exploratory and used primarily for intervention refinement.展开更多
BACKGROUND Emotional reactions,such as anxiety,irritability,and aggressive behavior,have attracted clinical attention as behavioral and emotional problems in preschool-age children.AIM To investigate the current statu...BACKGROUND Emotional reactions,such as anxiety,irritability,and aggressive behavior,have attracted clinical attention as behavioral and emotional problems in preschool-age children.AIM To investigate the current status of family rearing,parental stress,and behavioral and emotional problems of preschool children and to analyze the mediating effect of the current status of family rearing on parental stress and behavioral/emo-tional problems.METHODS We use convenience sampling to select 258 preschool children in the physical examination center of our hospital from October 2021 to September 2023.The children and their parents were evaluated using a questionnaire survey.Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correlation between child behavioral and emotional problems and parental stress and family rearing,and the structural equation model was constructed to test the mediating effect.RESULTS The score for behavioral/emotional problems of 258 preschool children was(27.54±3.63),the score for parental stress was(87.64±11.34),and the score for parental family rearing was(31.54±5.24).There was a positive correlation between the behavioral and emotional problems of the children and the“hostile/mandatory”parenting style;meanwhile,showed a negative correlation with the“support/participation”parenting style(all P<0.05).The intermediary effect value between the family upbringing of parents in parental stress and children's behavior problems was 29.89%.CONCLUSION Parental family upbringing has a mediating effect between parental stress and behavioral and emotional problems of children.Despite paying attention to the behavioral and emotional problems of preschool-age children,clinical medical staff should provide correct and reasonable parenting advice to their parents to promote the mental health of preschool-age children.展开更多
Parents play a very important role in our lives.They not only give us life,but also help us grow into responsible persons.There is no doubt that we should respect our parents.Firstly,we should communicate with them mo...Parents play a very important role in our lives.They not only give us life,but also help us grow into responsible persons.There is no doubt that we should respect our parents.Firstly,we should communicate with them more often,and share our joys and sorrows with them.Secondly,we can show our respect by doing small daily things.For example,we can help with housework.Simple things like washing dishes or taking out the rubbish can show our love.More importantly,we should work hard and take good care of ourselves.展开更多
Background:While various factors contributing to delinquency have been explored,the role of selfesteem in this specific context has received little attention.Hence,this study aims to investigate the complex issue of a...Background:While various factors contributing to delinquency have been explored,the role of selfesteem in this specific context has received little attention.Hence,this study aims to investigate the complex issue of adolescent delinquency in Iran by focusing on the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between parental attachment and delinquent behavior.Methods:Using the multistage cluster random sampling method,the research involved 528 high school students in Tehran.Each student completed validated scales assessing their parental attachment,self-esteem,and delinquency at school.Multiple regression analyses with the Sobel test and bootstrappingmethod were used to examine mediated effects.Results:Thefindings reveal that self-esteem significantly mediates the relationship betweenmaternal attachment and delinquency(standardized coefficient=−0.0292;p=0.04).Adolescents with secure maternal attachments tend to exhibit higher self-esteem,which reduces the likelihood of delinquent behavior.In contrast,paternal attachment did not show a significant mediating effect in this study.These results underscore the importance of cultivating secure maternal relationships and fostering positive self-esteem to address adolescent delinquency.Conclusion:The study suggests that targeted interventions that strengthen maternal attachment and boost self-esteem could effectively mitigate delinquent behaviors among Iranian adolescents.These interventions should prioritize the emotional support and value of secure maternal bonds as key factors in promoting healthy adolescent development.展开更多
文摘Background:Bullying is a current social and educational problem with detrimental consequences in adolescence and later life stages.Previous research has explored the risk or protective factor at different socio-ecological levels,but further integration is needed to examine the relationships of family characteristics.This study examines how parenting style and attachment relate to adolescents’bullying and cyberbullying,and whether parental phubbing mediates these links.Methods:Grounded in social bonding theory,we surveyed a cross-sectional convenience sample of U.S.college students(N=545;Mean_(age)=19.60,SD=1.41)who retrospectively reported middle/high-school experiences from Massachusetts,Colorado,and Virginia.Measures followed established traditions of bullying involvement,parenting style,and partner phubbing).Linear regressions tested associations among parenting style,attachment to parents/teachers,parental phubbing,and bullying/cyberbullying offending and victimization.Results:Stronger parental attachment and democratic(authoritative)parenting were associated with lower bullying victimization,and teacher attachment was protective for offline and overall offending.Critically,parents’excessive personal technology use(phubbing)mediated the link between democratic parenting and bullying outcomes:high parental device use attenuated or nullified the protective association of democratic parenting.Conclusion:Findings reaffirm the value of nurturing,boundary-setting parenting and close parent–child/teacher bonds,while highlighting a contemporary risk—parental device-related inattention.Despite rapid technological change,the core need for stable human connection remains central to reducing bullying involvement.
文摘This study investigated the effects of parental involvement,parenting stress,and social support on the social skills of school-aged children(6-18 years old)with intellectual disabilities(ID).Data were collected from 280 Chinese parents(mothers=70.0%,fathers=30.0%)of children with ID through purposive sampling and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling(PLS-SEM).The results indicated that parental involvement not only directly enhanced children’s social skills but also indirectly improved them by alleviating parenting stress,which acted as a partial mediator.Contrary to the stress-buffering hypothesis,social support did not moderate the negative impact of parenting stress on social skills.Theoretically,this study contributes by validating ecological systems theory through a shift in focus from individual deficits to family systems,while also challenging the conventional view of stress-buffering theory.Accordingly,parent-support programs should integrate practical involvement training with systematic stress reduction and provide tailored assistance such as behavior-management training and respite care.
文摘BACKGROUND There is a possible link between depression and anxiety about suicidal ideation among parents of children with congenital heart disease(CHD).AIM To document the effects of depression and anxiety on parental suicidal ideation among children with CHD and the associated factors.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study among 50 parents of children with CHD who attended the Cardiac Clinic of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla.Information was obtained using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.RESULTS A greater percentage of parents whose child had a heart defect had anxiety symptoms(50.0%)than did those whose child had no heart defect(24.0%),and the difference in proportions was statistically significant(χ^(2)=7.250,P=0.007).A greater percentage of parents whose child had a heart defect had suicidal ideation(28.0%)than did those whose child had no heart defect(8.0%),and the difference in proportions was statistically significant(χ^(2)=6.775 P=0.009).A positive correlation was elicited between anxiety and suicide ideation,and this correlation was statistically significant(r=0.748,P<0.001).A positive correlation was elicited between depression and suicidal ideation scores,and this was statistically significant(r=0.617,P<0.001).CONCLUSION There is strong interconnectivity between anxiety and depression with suicidal ideation.There is an urgent need to start screening for the mental health of parents of children with CHD to avert the high propensity of complete suicide.In addition,policy makers may introduce a national clinical practice guideline on the importance of psychotherapy and mental health screening and targeted interventions for parents of children with CHD.
文摘Background:This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms between parental marital conflict and adolescent short video dependence by constructing a chain mediation model,focusing on the mediating roles of experiential avoidance and emotional disturbance(anxiety,depression,and stress).Methods:Conducted in January 2025,the research recruited 4125 adolescents from multiple Chinese provinces through convenience sampling;after data cleaning,3957 valid participants(1959 males,1998 females)were included.Using a cross-sectional design,measures included parental marital conflict,experiential avoidance,anxiety,depression,stress,and short video dependence.Results:Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations among all variables.Mediation analysis using the SPSS PROCESS macro showed that parental marital conflict directly predicted short video dependence(β=0.269,p<0.001),and also significantly predicted experiential avoidance(β=0.519,p<0.001),anxiety(β=0.072,p<0.001),depression(β=0.067,p<0.001),and stress(β=0.048,p<0.05).Experiential avoidance further predicted anxiety(β=0.521,p<0.001),depression(β=0.489,p<0.001),stress(β=0.408,p<0.001),and short video dependence(β=0.244,p<0.001).While both anxiety(β=0.050,p<0.05)and depression(β=0.116,p<0.001)positively predicted short video dependence,stress did not(β=0.019,p=0.257).Overall,experiential avoidance,anxiety,depression,and stress significantly mediated the relationship between parental marital conflict and short video dependence.Conclusion:These findings confirm that parental marital conflict not only directly influences adolescent short video dependence but also operates through a chain mediation pathway involving experiential avoidance and emotional disturbance,highlighting central psychological mechanisms and providing theoretical support for integrated mental health and behavioral interventions.
文摘Background:Maternal mental health literacy is a cognitive resource that may support preschoolers’emotional development,yet its influence on emotional regulation and the related mechanisms remains unclear.This study examined whether maternal depressive mood and democratic parenting form a chain pathway linking maternal mental health literacy to preschoolers’emotional regulation ability.Methods:Mothers of 544 preschoolers in China’s Mainland completed an online questionnaire that assessed maternal mental health literacy,depressive mood,democratic parenting,and child emotional regulation.Structural path analysis was conducted with child age and gender controlled.Indirect effects were tested using 5000 bootstrap samples.Results:Maternal mental health literacy did not directly predict preschoolers’emotional regulation.Three indirect effects were significant.The pathway through depressive mood had an effect of 0.005,the pathway through democratic parenting had an effect of 0.004,and the chain pathway through depressive mood and democratic parenting had an effect of 0.002.All confidence intervals excluded 0.Conclusion:Maternal mental health literacy influences preschoolers’emotional regulation only through maternal depressive mood and democratic parenting,indicating that cognitive resources affect child emotional outcomes through emotional and behavioral processes rather than a direct pathway.
基金approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Northwest Normal University(Approval No.:[2023028]).All participants signed the informed consent in this study.
文摘Background:Childhood leukemia,a malignant proliferative disorder of the hematopoietic system and the most common childhood cancer,poses a significant threat to the lives and health of affected children.For parents,a leukemia diagnosis in their child is a profoundly traumatic event.As primary caregivers,they endure immense psychological distress and caregiving stress throughout the prolonged and demanding treatment process,which can adversely affect their own well-being and caregiving capacity.However,the psychological mechanisms,such as the role of mindfulness,linking caregiver stress to parental coping strategies remain underexplored,and evidence-based interventions to support these parents are needed.Methods:In Study 1,we administered a cross-sectional survey to 242 parents of children with leukemia who were hospitalized at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between January and August 2024.Participants completed measures assessing caregiver burden,mindful attention awareness,and parental coping style.In Study 2,we further evaluated the effects of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction(MBSR)intervention.Results:The results of Study 1 revealed:(1)The caregiving stress significantly and negatively predicted coping style(β=−1.18,95%CI[−2.18,−0.18],p<0.01).(2)Caregiving stress also significantly and negatively predicted mindfulness(β=−1.90,95%CI[−2.43,−1.38],p<0.01).(3)Conversely,mindfulness significantly and positively predicted coping style(β=0.85,95%CI[0.62,1.07],p<0.01).These findings suggest that mindfulness mediates the relationship between caregiver burden and coping style.In Study 2,the experimental group showed a significant decrease in caregiver stress post-intervention(t=2.24,p<0.05),a significant increase in mindfulness(t=−4.61,p<0.001),and a significant improvement in coping style(t=−2.36,p<0.01).No significant changes were observed in the control group.Conclusion:MBSR can effectively enhance mindfulness and promote adaptive coping strategies,while reducing caregiver burden among parents of children with leukemia.
文摘With the widespread adoption of smartphones,parental phubbing behaviors have become increasingly prevalent,potentially affecting preschool children’s development.Current research primarily focuses on adolescent populations,while the mechanisms through which parental phubbing and authoritarian parenting style influence preschool children’s behavioral problems within the Chinese cultural context remain to be explored.Our investigation seeks to examine the factors contributing to behavioral difficulties among children of preschool age and provide theoretical guidance for prevention.Methods In our research,we utilized a convenience sampling approach to collect data from parents whose children(n=612)were between 3 and 7 years of age.The questionnaire distribution was facilitated via the Wenjuanxing online survey platform.Research instruments included the Parental Phubbing Scale,Parent-Child Relationship Scale,Authoritarian Parenting Style Scale,and Conners Child Behavior Rating Scale.For analytical procedures,we employed SPSS 24.0 to generate descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.Chain mediation effects were examined via Process macro,while significance assessment of the mediating effects relied on the Bootstrap method for constructing 95%confidence intervals.Results A statistically significant positive association was observed between parental phubbing and behavioral problems exhibited by children(r=0.251,p<0.001).Parental phubbing exhibited a significant direct effect on children’s behavioral problems(β=0.088,p<0.001).Analysis of sequential mediation demonstrated that authoritarian parenting style together with parent-child conflict functioned as significant intermediary variables in the relationship between parental phubbing and children’s problem behaviors(β=0.163,p<0.001),with these indirect pathways constituting 64.94%of the total effect.Conclusion Parental phubbing significantly contributes to behavioral problems in preschool children.Parents should monitor their media use,improve their parenting approach,and enhance parent-child relationships to reduce behavioral problems in preschool children.
文摘BACKGROUND Parental presence in neonatal units(NUs)is essential for infant development and family well-being.A deeper understanding of the factors influencing parental presence is vital and will contribute to the development of targeted interventions and policies that enhance parental engagement in neonatal care,thereby improving outcomes for infants and their families.AIM To identify and analyze primary factors influencing parental involvement in their child’s care in a neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).METHODS A literature search was conducted using the PubMed,MEDLINE,and Cochrane Library for systematic reviews databases,with the following search terms:“parental presence neonatology”,“couplet care”,“zero separation neonatal care”,“family integrated care”,“couplet care intervention”,“mother-child separation”,“parents newborn togetherness”,“mother-baby care”,“closeness and separation NICU”,“mother-infant interaction NICU”,“kangaroo care”,“dyad mother-infant”,and“newborn integrated care”.The database search for this literature review began on December 10,2024,with the final search conducted on April 10,2025.RESULTS The literature search yielded 281 articles,out of which 23 were selected for a detailed review.The factors associated with parental presence in NUs were grouped into five main categories:Parents’socio-demographic and cultural traits;the physical layout and care model of the NUs;the quality of parents’relationships with the healthcare staff;their active involvement in neonatal care;and the newborn’s health status.CONCLUSION The identification of factors that affect parental presence in NUs is critical for developing effective strategies aimed at encouraging increased parental involvement and ultimately improving neonatal and family outcomes.
基金supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Planning Fund of Chinese Ministry of Education(22YJAZH150).
文摘Background:Parents of children with autism are susceptible to parenting burnout due to tremendous parenting burden and parenting challenges.Parenting burnout has a detrimental effect on both children with autism and their parents.However,the underlying mechanisms that lead to parenting burnout remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting stress and parenting burnout,along with the serial mediation effect of social support and coping strategies in the context of families with autistic children.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study in 231 parents of autistic children in four autism facilities located in central Hubei province.Data were collected through the Parental Stress Index,Social Support Rating Scale,Simplified Coping Strategies Questionnaire,and Caregiver Burnout Assessment Questionnaire.Results:Parenting stress and burnout status were:72.3%of parents reported high-stress levels,16.9%experienced risks for parenting burnout,and 19.9%were currently experiencing burnout.Both social support and coping strategies played partial mediating roles in the relationship between parental stress and burnout,forming a serial mediation effect.Conclusion:Parenting stress is a risk factor for parenting burnout.Social support and coping strategies play a chain mediating role between parenting stress and parenting burnout,which may act as the underlying mechanisms.The study offers insights into potential intervention points for reducing parenting burnout.Future efforts are needed to devote to parenting stress,social support and coping strategy to enhance the psychological well-being of parents with autistic children.
文摘Good mental well-being is necessary for achievement in science at any level.There are extrinsic factors that have the potential to determine a learner’s mental well-being,and the role of the parent(s)cannot be undermined.Therefore,this study examined the relationships between parental engagement(PE),parents’attitude to science(PAS),and mental well-being(MWb)among junior science students.This descriptive survey involved a population of Junior Secondary Three(3)students studying Basic Science in public co-educational schools.A sample of three hundred(300)respondents was randomly drawn from 10 schools within the metropolis.Quantitative data were sourced using three validated questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.The research showed that PE(2.19)and PAS(2.13)are relatively high,while MWb(2.51)is moderately normal.The influence of PE and PAS on MWb is significant.Both PE and PAS have a significant positive relationship with MWb.Also,PE and PAS were found to jointly contribute to students’MWb.In conclusion,PE and PAS have implications for the child’s mental well-being and ultimate success in science.We,therefore,recommend that more parental engagement be encouraged by improving sensitization,and orientation programs could be organized for parents of science students.This may provide an avenue for parents to be better equipped to support their young scientists.
文摘Objective:To explore the impact of parenting care guidance combined with preventive healthcare on child family parenting.Methods:Ninety-two child families were included as research subjects and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group,with 46 cases in each group.The former implemented basic preventive healthcare,while the latter simultaneously carried out parenting care guidance combined with preventive healthcare.The intervention results of the two groups were compared.Results:The observation group had a higher awareness rate of family parenting knowledge and a higher formation rate of healthy behaviors,P<0.05.At the same time,parents’parenting anxiety scores were lower,and family health management ability scores were higher,P<0.05.Moreover,the observation group showed higher scores in children’s social skills,P<0.05.Conclusion:Parenting care guidance combined with preventive healthcare can effectively improve the status of child family parenting,and it is worthy of promotion and application.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC)(Grant No 20BSH066,JZ).
文摘Background To investigate the relationship of age at first separation from parents(AFSP)with suicidal ideation(SI),suicide planning(SP)and suicide attempts(SA)among left-behind children(LBC)in China and the mediating effect of traumatic events(TEs).Methods This cross-sectional study employed a multistage sampling method to conduct questionnaire surveys in six high-concentrated LBC provinces.Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were performed to investigate the association of AFSP with SI,SP and SA,and meta-analysis(I2)was used to assess the heterogeneity.Causal mediation analysis(structural equation modelling)was used to evaluate the mediating effect of TEs,and bootstrap resampling was employed to assess the robustness of the causal mediation analysis.Results A total of 12162(6269 LBC)participants were included in this study;the prevalence rates of SI,SP and SA among LBC were 30.7%,18.6%and 11.9%;and LBC had a higher risk of SI(OR:1.32),SP(OR:1.40)and SA(OR:1.25)than non-LBC,all p<0.001.AFSP was negatively associated with SI,SP and SA,particularly peaking before 2 years old.LBC with AFSP<2 years old had a higher risk of SI(OR 2.65;95%CI 2.17 to 3.24;p<0.001),SP(OR 2.63;95%CI 3.36 to 4.29;p<0.001)and SA(OR 2.04;95%CI 2.73 to 3.63;p<0.001).TEs mediated the increased risk of SI(average causal mediation effect(ACME)0.03–0.07;proportion(Prop)40–54%;all p<0.001),SP(ACME 0.03–0.06;Prop 39–61%;all p<0.001)and SA(ACME 0.02–0.04;Prop 53–80%;all p<0.01).Conclusions We found that AFSP was associated with SI,SP and SA,mediated by TEs.Our findings supported the necessity of reducing SI,SP and SA risks among LBC and highlighted the need to consider AFSPs and TEs in intervention strategies.
基金provided by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant 32071491,31772465,31672299,31572271,and 32260128)。
文摘Inclusive fitness theory posits that altruistic behaviors,which are directed more likely towards relatives,should be favored by natural selection.However,the prevalence of alternative parenting behaviors in offspring selection,including rejecting their own offspring and accepting the offspring of others,remains poorly understood within the context of parental care evolution.In order to investigate the factors that prompt the occurrence of alternative parenting behaviors,we designed a series of experiments in the Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus).By manipulating the nest spatial position or offspring age/number and parent-offspring familiarity,we addressed how parents provided parental care for the manipulated offspring.In the nest resettlement experiment,the probability of parents rejecting their own offspring significantly increased with nest-moving distances while decreased with offspring ages.In the cross-fostering experiments,the probability of parents provisioning unrelated young significantly decreased with the age difference between cross-fostered chicks.In the nest duplication experiments,where parents were given a choice between familiar offspring and unfamiliar unrelated chicks or between unfamiliar offspring and familiar unrelated chicks,the probability of both alternative parenting behaviors was significantly influenced by the time when parental association with their offspring was deprived.We conclude that as offspring phenotypic traits become individualized and fixed at a special developmental stage,parents gradually acquire the capacity for offspring recognition by associating with them.Any factors that disrupt parent-offspring association or introduce unrelated young into the nest prior to this critical timeline can result in the occurrence of alternative parenting behaviors.
文摘Hello,everyone!I'm a fifth-grade student from Beijing.Today I want to talk about something I see a lot"tiger parenting".This means parents push their kids to study very hard.Many parents around me are like this.They send their kids to many after-school classes—online,inperson,big groups,small groups,even one-on-one lessons!Some parents give their kids a lot of extra homework.Others make them take many exams,like Olympic Math,KET,and PET.It feels like we always have to get certifi cates or we'll fall behind.Studying hard can be good.
文摘BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)affects approximately 5%of children worldwide and is associated with significant academic impairment.Parents of children with ADHD experience elevated stress and anxiety levels,which may further affect their children's educational outcomes.This prospective study examined the relationship between parental anxiety and academic performance of children with ADHD over a 6-year period.AIM To investigate the longitudinal impact of parental anxiety on academic performance in children with ADHD and explore the mediating and moderating factors over a 6-year follow-up period.METHODS A longitudinal cohort study was conducted from 2018 to 2024,enrolling 118 children with ADHD(aged 6-12 years)and their parents from three specialized educational centers.Parental anxiety was assessed using the Parenting Stress Index-4(PSI-4)and Parental Anxiety Scale.Children's academic performance was measured using the Academic Performance Questionnaire and standardized achievement tests.Assessments were conducted at baseline and every 6 months for 3 years.RESULTS Higher parental anxiety scores were significantly associated with poorer academic performance in children with ADHD(β=-0.42,P<0.001).Children of parents with clinically significant anxiety(PSI-4 scores>85th percentile)showed 1.2 standard deviations lower academic achievement than children of parents with normal anxiety levels.The relationship was partially mediated by parent-child interaction quality(indirect effect=-0.18,95%CI:-0.26 to-0.10)and homework supervision practices(indirect effect=-0.15,95%CI:-0.22 to-0.08).CONCLUSION Parental anxiety could significantly affect the academic outcomes of children with ADHD via multiple pathways.Interventions targeting parental mental health may improve the educational outcomes of children with ADHD.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China[18BSH146].
文摘Background:Parenting exerts a profound influence on children’s mental health and behavioral development.Despite the high prevalence of children’s emotional and behavioral problems(CEBP)in China,evidence-based parenting interventions remain scarcely investigated as preventive public health strategies.This pilot study evaluated a school-based intervention for preventing CEBP.Methods:We employed a quasi-experimental design with propensity score matching(PSM)to select 28 families(intervention:n=13;control:n=15)from two matched urban primary schools.Quantitative data from seven validated scales were analyzed using t-tests and ANCOVA.Qualitative insights were derived from 10 semi-structured interviews via thematic analysis.Results:Compared to the control group,the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in CEBP(p=0.020,Cohen’s d=0.92),parental adjustment(p=0.031,Cohen’s d=0.80),parenting confidence(p=0.003,Cohen’s d=1.04),and parentchild relationships(p=0.001,Cohen’s d=1.46).Non-significant effects were observed for parenting style,parental relationship,and parenting conflict(p>0.05).Qualitative analysis corroborated these findings and further identified contributing factors for non-significant outcomes,including challengeswithmeasurement adaptability and inconsistent co-parenting practices.Conclusions:This pilot study suggests that an authoritative parenting style may be effective and culturally adaptable in China.Positive parenting interventions appear to mitigate CEBP by reducing risk factors and enhancing protective factors.However,improving parental relationships and parenting conflict may require targeted strategies.Given the pilot nature of this PSM-matched study(n=28),the findings should be interpreted as exploratory and used primarily for intervention refinement.
基金Supported by the Shijiazhuang Science and Technology Research and Development Program,No.221460383.
文摘BACKGROUND Emotional reactions,such as anxiety,irritability,and aggressive behavior,have attracted clinical attention as behavioral and emotional problems in preschool-age children.AIM To investigate the current status of family rearing,parental stress,and behavioral and emotional problems of preschool children and to analyze the mediating effect of the current status of family rearing on parental stress and behavioral/emo-tional problems.METHODS We use convenience sampling to select 258 preschool children in the physical examination center of our hospital from October 2021 to September 2023.The children and their parents were evaluated using a questionnaire survey.Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correlation between child behavioral and emotional problems and parental stress and family rearing,and the structural equation model was constructed to test the mediating effect.RESULTS The score for behavioral/emotional problems of 258 preschool children was(27.54±3.63),the score for parental stress was(87.64±11.34),and the score for parental family rearing was(31.54±5.24).There was a positive correlation between the behavioral and emotional problems of the children and the“hostile/mandatory”parenting style;meanwhile,showed a negative correlation with the“support/participation”parenting style(all P<0.05).The intermediary effect value between the family upbringing of parents in parental stress and children's behavior problems was 29.89%.CONCLUSION Parental family upbringing has a mediating effect between parental stress and behavioral and emotional problems of children.Despite paying attention to the behavioral and emotional problems of preschool-age children,clinical medical staff should provide correct and reasonable parenting advice to their parents to promote the mental health of preschool-age children.
文摘Parents play a very important role in our lives.They not only give us life,but also help us grow into responsible persons.There is no doubt that we should respect our parents.Firstly,we should communicate with them more often,and share our joys and sorrows with them.Secondly,we can show our respect by doing small daily things.For example,we can help with housework.Simple things like washing dishes or taking out the rubbish can show our love.More importantly,we should work hard and take good care of ourselves.
基金supported in part by the Higher Education Sprout Project,Ministry of Education,to the Headquarters of University Advancement at National Cheng Kung University(NCKU).
文摘Background:While various factors contributing to delinquency have been explored,the role of selfesteem in this specific context has received little attention.Hence,this study aims to investigate the complex issue of adolescent delinquency in Iran by focusing on the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between parental attachment and delinquent behavior.Methods:Using the multistage cluster random sampling method,the research involved 528 high school students in Tehran.Each student completed validated scales assessing their parental attachment,self-esteem,and delinquency at school.Multiple regression analyses with the Sobel test and bootstrappingmethod were used to examine mediated effects.Results:Thefindings reveal that self-esteem significantly mediates the relationship betweenmaternal attachment and delinquency(standardized coefficient=−0.0292;p=0.04).Adolescents with secure maternal attachments tend to exhibit higher self-esteem,which reduces the likelihood of delinquent behavior.In contrast,paternal attachment did not show a significant mediating effect in this study.These results underscore the importance of cultivating secure maternal relationships and fostering positive self-esteem to address adolescent delinquency.Conclusion:The study suggests that targeted interventions that strengthen maternal attachment and boost self-esteem could effectively mitigate delinquent behaviors among Iranian adolescents.These interventions should prioritize the emotional support and value of secure maternal bonds as key factors in promoting healthy adolescent development.
