The Alectoris (Galliformes: Phasianidae) has a wide distribution range in the Palearctic region, with seven species and 27–31 subspecies that were distinguishable by minor morphological differences. The members of th...The Alectoris (Galliformes: Phasianidae) has a wide distribution range in the Palearctic region, with seven species and 27–31 subspecies that were distinguishable by minor morphological differences. The members of the genus exhibit distinct genetic structuring compatible with geography due to their inability to make long flights and ground-dwelling behaviors. In this respect, the evolutionary history of the genus and its populations is a useful tool for identifying potential cryptic refugia, dispersal corridors, and strong barriers for bird species in the Palearctic region. On the other hand, wild populations of the genus are among the bird species most affected by human activities. For this purpose, sequences from the mitochondrial D-loop and Cyt-b regions of individuals from the genus Alectoris were studied to identify the evolutionary history of the genus, determine potential cryptic species, and reveal possible hidden diversification areas in the Palearctic region. The results indicated that: the Mediterranean basin is the ancestral area of the Alectoris, there are two main diversification centers within its distribution range (Mediterranean Basin and China) of the genus, and certain micro-refugia and permanent dispersal corridors have been observed in Eastern Palaearctic region. Additionally, the results showed that the Pleistocene climatic changes acted as a species pump, playing a significant role in the diversification of lineages within the genus. Anatolia served as the ancestral area for the A. chukar and acted as a bridgehead during the species' dispersal in the inner side of the Eastern Palaearctic. High mountain ranges, monsoonal climate types, and deserts in the Eastern Palearctic played a significant role in the dispersal and diversification of the ancestral A. chukar population. Importantly, human activities appear to be the greatest evolutionary force shaping the future evolution of the genus.展开更多
Recent studies have revealed concerning declines in bird populations in Europe and other parts of the world.In understudied but biodiverse regions,especially those that are located along key migratory flyways,there is...Recent studies have revealed concerning declines in bird populations in Europe and other parts of the world.In understudied but biodiverse regions,especially those that are located along key migratory flyways,there is an unmet need to evaluate the status of resident and migratory birdlife for avian conservation ecology.This is especially urgent at a time when recent regional studies have highlighted the scale of the decline of the European and Palearctic avifauna.Rapidly growing community science datasets may help bridge the gaps in our understanding of long-term regional avifaunal trends.In this study,we used eBird data submitted by observers in Türkiye to undertake the first long-term assessment of the state of the country’s birds from 2001 to 2022.We evaluated population trends based on presence-absence data of species to determine if any birds have significantly increased or decreased in the country so far this century.We provide a list of trends for 418 bird species that had large enough sample sizes of eBird observations from Türkiye,and highlight which species have significantly declined or increased.We found that 63 species have significantly declined in detection while 120 have significantly increased during the study period.Our findings provide a baseline for the future monitoring of Türkiye’s birds and help contextualize population changes of birds in Türkiye against those occurring at the continental(Palearctic)scale.Additionally,we include movement classifications for all of the bird species in this study.We also provide a framework to effectively use eBird data to assess long-term avifaunal changes at the country-level in other understudied regions.Finally,we highlight ways in which eBirders in Türkiye and elsewhere can strengthen the quality and value of community ornithology data for population assessments and avian conservation ecology.展开更多
Highly diversified colorations among springtails (Collembola) have been widely used for species diagnosis, but their phylogenetic significance is poorly known. We addressed this issue in the largest Entomobryinae genu...Highly diversified colorations among springtails (Collembola) have been widely used for species diagnosis, but their phylogenetic significance is poorly known. We addressed this issue in the largest Entomobryinae genus Entomobrya, which possesses variable color patterns among species. The relationships within the genus and to other genera have also rarely been studied. Based on material mainly from China, we have conducted a multilocus phylogeny and topology tests with likelihood and Bayesian algorithms, and accordingly demonstrated the non-monophyly of Chinese Entomobrya. The division of five clades, including Entomobrya and several related genera, coincided well with five types of colorations, respectively. Further analyses of divergence time and historical biogeography revealed that Chinese Entomobrya originated mainly from Palearctic (northern and western) China in the Paleocene and Eocene. This study highlights the great phylo? genetic values as well as taxonomic uses of coloration in Chinese Entomobrya. Multiple phylogenetic and biogeographic origins of Entomobrya imply its complicated relationships with both scaled and unsealed genera of Entomobryinae.展开更多
基金upported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey(TUBITAK)under the Grant Number 116Z326Akdeniz University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under project No.FDK-2017-3022.
文摘The Alectoris (Galliformes: Phasianidae) has a wide distribution range in the Palearctic region, with seven species and 27–31 subspecies that were distinguishable by minor morphological differences. The members of the genus exhibit distinct genetic structuring compatible with geography due to their inability to make long flights and ground-dwelling behaviors. In this respect, the evolutionary history of the genus and its populations is a useful tool for identifying potential cryptic refugia, dispersal corridors, and strong barriers for bird species in the Palearctic region. On the other hand, wild populations of the genus are among the bird species most affected by human activities. For this purpose, sequences from the mitochondrial D-loop and Cyt-b regions of individuals from the genus Alectoris were studied to identify the evolutionary history of the genus, determine potential cryptic species, and reveal possible hidden diversification areas in the Palearctic region. The results indicated that: the Mediterranean basin is the ancestral area of the Alectoris, there are two main diversification centers within its distribution range (Mediterranean Basin and China) of the genus, and certain micro-refugia and permanent dispersal corridors have been observed in Eastern Palaearctic region. Additionally, the results showed that the Pleistocene climatic changes acted as a species pump, playing a significant role in the diversification of lineages within the genus. Anatolia served as the ancestral area for the A. chukar and acted as a bridgehead during the species' dispersal in the inner side of the Eastern Palaearctic. High mountain ranges, monsoonal climate types, and deserts in the Eastern Palearctic played a significant role in the dispersal and diversification of the ancestral A. chukar population. Importantly, human activities appear to be the greatest evolutionary force shaping the future evolution of the genus.
文摘Recent studies have revealed concerning declines in bird populations in Europe and other parts of the world.In understudied but biodiverse regions,especially those that are located along key migratory flyways,there is an unmet need to evaluate the status of resident and migratory birdlife for avian conservation ecology.This is especially urgent at a time when recent regional studies have highlighted the scale of the decline of the European and Palearctic avifauna.Rapidly growing community science datasets may help bridge the gaps in our understanding of long-term regional avifaunal trends.In this study,we used eBird data submitted by observers in Türkiye to undertake the first long-term assessment of the state of the country’s birds from 2001 to 2022.We evaluated population trends based on presence-absence data of species to determine if any birds have significantly increased or decreased in the country so far this century.We provide a list of trends for 418 bird species that had large enough sample sizes of eBird observations from Türkiye,and highlight which species have significantly declined or increased.We found that 63 species have significantly declined in detection while 120 have significantly increased during the study period.Our findings provide a baseline for the future monitoring of Türkiye’s birds and help contextualize population changes of birds in Türkiye against those occurring at the continental(Palearctic)scale.Additionally,we include movement classifications for all of the bird species in this study.We also provide a framework to effectively use eBird data to assess long-term avifaunal changes at the country-level in other understudied regions.Finally,we highlight ways in which eBirders in Türkiye and elsewhere can strengthen the quality and value of community ornithology data for population assessments and avian conservation ecology.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31772491, 41501056)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (KYZ201617, KJQN201668)the National Key Research and Development Programme (2016YFC1200700).
文摘Highly diversified colorations among springtails (Collembola) have been widely used for species diagnosis, but their phylogenetic significance is poorly known. We addressed this issue in the largest Entomobryinae genus Entomobrya, which possesses variable color patterns among species. The relationships within the genus and to other genera have also rarely been studied. Based on material mainly from China, we have conducted a multilocus phylogeny and topology tests with likelihood and Bayesian algorithms, and accordingly demonstrated the non-monophyly of Chinese Entomobrya. The division of five clades, including Entomobrya and several related genera, coincided well with five types of colorations, respectively. Further analyses of divergence time and historical biogeography revealed that Chinese Entomobrya originated mainly from Palearctic (northern and western) China in the Paleocene and Eocene. This study highlights the great phylo? genetic values as well as taxonomic uses of coloration in Chinese Entomobrya. Multiple phylogenetic and biogeographic origins of Entomobrya imply its complicated relationships with both scaled and unsealed genera of Entomobryinae.
