Forest cover change in the mountainous region is driven by a variety of anthropogenic and natural factors.The Hindu Kush-Himalayan Mountains has experienced a considerable vegetation cover change due to intensive huma...Forest cover change in the mountainous region is driven by a variety of anthropogenic and natural factors.The Hindu Kush-Himalayan Mountains has experienced a considerable vegetation cover change due to intensive human activities,such as population growth,proximate causes,accessibility,unstable political situations,government policy failure and poverty.The present study seeks to find out the impact of population growth and road network expansion on forest cover of Palas valley based on remotely sensed data and employing geospatial techniques.Changes in forest cover were determined by classifying time-series satellite images of Landsat and Sentinel 2 A.The images of October 1980,2000,2010 and 2017 were classified into six land cover classes and then the impact of population growth and accessibility on forest cover was analyzed.Furthermore,forest cover and land-use change detection map was prepared using classified images of 1980 and 2017.The data were collected mainly from field visits(ground verification),census reports,Communication and Works Department,Kohistan.Satellite imageries were obtained from the United States Geological Survey’s websites and classified in ERDAS imagine 2014 and ESRI ArcGIS 10.2.1 using supervised classification-maximum likelihood algorithm.Result of this study revealed that a substantial reduction in forest cover has taken place mainly in the proximity of human settlements.On the average,during the study period,annually more than 460 hectares of forest area has been converted into other uses.展开更多
Dear Editor,Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine with Cobb angle more than 10◦.1 The detailed genetic etiology and underlying mechanisms of this disease are still unclear.We identified three pathoge...Dear Editor,Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine with Cobb angle more than 10◦.1 The detailed genetic etiology and underlying mechanisms of this disease are still unclear.We identified three pathogenic variants in the RUNX2 gene(p.Ala173LeufsTer3,p.Arg225Gln,and pArg190Trp)in three patients with scoliosis by whole-exome or-genome sequencing and confirmed by BAM files(Figure 1A).展开更多
基金part of the research project within the framework of National Research Program for Universities(NRPU),Project No.20.2396/NRPU/R&D/HEC 2014/163,generously funded by the Higher Education Commission(HEC)of PakistanHEC for financial support。
文摘Forest cover change in the mountainous region is driven by a variety of anthropogenic and natural factors.The Hindu Kush-Himalayan Mountains has experienced a considerable vegetation cover change due to intensive human activities,such as population growth,proximate causes,accessibility,unstable political situations,government policy failure and poverty.The present study seeks to find out the impact of population growth and road network expansion on forest cover of Palas valley based on remotely sensed data and employing geospatial techniques.Changes in forest cover were determined by classifying time-series satellite images of Landsat and Sentinel 2 A.The images of October 1980,2000,2010 and 2017 were classified into six land cover classes and then the impact of population growth and accessibility on forest cover was analyzed.Furthermore,forest cover and land-use change detection map was prepared using classified images of 1980 and 2017.The data were collected mainly from field visits(ground verification),census reports,Communication and Works Department,Kohistan.Satellite imageries were obtained from the United States Geological Survey’s websites and classified in ERDAS imagine 2014 and ESRI ArcGIS 10.2.1 using supervised classification-maximum likelihood algorithm.Result of this study revealed that a substantial reduction in forest cover has taken place mainly in the proximity of human settlements.On the average,during the study period,annually more than 460 hectares of forest area has been converted into other uses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(grants 82394445,82030067,and 82161160342 to D.C.and 82202656 to Z.L.)Shenzhen Medical Research Funds B2502005 to D.C.+4 种基金the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2021-I2M-1-051 to N.W.,2021-I2M-1-052 and 2022-I2M-2001 to Z.W.)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7244389 to L.Z.)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-D-004 to N.W.,2022-PUMCHD-002 to Z.W.)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2507700 and 2022YFC2703102 to N.W.,2022YFC2703901 to Z.W.)the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019PT320025 to N.W.).
文摘Dear Editor,Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine with Cobb angle more than 10◦.1 The detailed genetic etiology and underlying mechanisms of this disease are still unclear.We identified three pathogenic variants in the RUNX2 gene(p.Ala173LeufsTer3,p.Arg225Gln,and pArg190Trp)in three patients with scoliosis by whole-exome or-genome sequencing and confirmed by BAM files(Figure 1A).
