In previous studies,Periaqueductal Gray(PAG)stimulation was used to stop ratbots from moving.Due to the homology between the PAG and the intercollicular nucleus,which has been used for forward movement in birds,we inv...In previous studies,Periaqueductal Gray(PAG)stimulation was used to stop ratbots from moving.Due to the homology between the PAG and the intercollicular nucleus,which has been used for forward movement in birds,we investigated the possibility of PAG application to induce forward locomotion for the first time.Using a corridor maze,the traveled distances via PAG electrical stimulation were examined in nine Wistar male rats during three sessions.A custom-designed stimulator was developed to apply the stimulation.The results showed reductions in responses to stimulation over time.Accordingly,the traveled distances had negative slopes during the consecutive trials(in 8 out of the 9 rats),and the slope mean was significantly different from zero.There was a strong correlation between the stimulation parameters(electric Charge per Phase(CPP)and the Number of Pulses(NP))and the observed slopes.The negative Movement Slopes(MS)were highly correlated with the CPP and the NP,as the Pearson's linear correlation coefficients were−0.87 and−0.79,respectively.The MS-CPP coefficients of determination(R-squared)were also between 0.76 and 0.95.In addition,the MS-NP coefficients of determination were between 0.63 and 0.87.Thus,it is concluded that the electrical stimulation parameters influence the behavioral outcomes directly.Furthermore,the PAG area may be considered a suitable candidate for forward locomotion control in the future if the area is harnessed effectively to prevent undesirable chaotic behaviors.展开更多
Our previous work demonstrated that microinjection of OFQ into PAG antagonized e lectroacupuncture (EA) analgesia; increased the release of Glu in spinal dorsal horn and decreased the release of GABA, 5 HT and NE; and...Our previous work demonstrated that microinjection of OFQ into PAG antagonized e lectroacupuncture (EA) analgesia; increased the release of Glu in spinal dorsal horn and decreased the release of GABA, 5 HT and NE; and significantly facilita t ed c fibre response and post discharge of WDR neurons of spinal dorsal horn in t he rats. The aim of current study is to observe the effect of microinjection of OFQ into PAG and simultaneous EA on the release of monoamines and Amino acids in spinal dorsal horn in the rats, by the methods of nucleus injection, micro dia lysis and HPLC EC. The results were as follows: After microinjection of OFQ into PAG and simultaneous EA, extracellular concentr ation of Glu was significantly decreased, whereas extracellular concentratio ns of GABA, 5 HT and 5 HIAA, NE and MHPG were significantly increas ed (P<0.05～0.01), indicating significant differences in comparison wi t h OFQ control group (microinjection of OFQ into PAG alone) in the corresponding phases (P<0.5～0.001). The results suggest there are opposite effects on the descending pain modulating system between OFQ in the brain and EA, so this may be one of the mechanisms of OFQ in the brain antagonizing EA analgesia.展开更多
基金“Kerman Neuroscience Research Center”for their full support in terms of providing the financial grant and the required instruments.
文摘In previous studies,Periaqueductal Gray(PAG)stimulation was used to stop ratbots from moving.Due to the homology between the PAG and the intercollicular nucleus,which has been used for forward movement in birds,we investigated the possibility of PAG application to induce forward locomotion for the first time.Using a corridor maze,the traveled distances via PAG electrical stimulation were examined in nine Wistar male rats during three sessions.A custom-designed stimulator was developed to apply the stimulation.The results showed reductions in responses to stimulation over time.Accordingly,the traveled distances had negative slopes during the consecutive trials(in 8 out of the 9 rats),and the slope mean was significantly different from zero.There was a strong correlation between the stimulation parameters(electric Charge per Phase(CPP)and the Number of Pulses(NP))and the observed slopes.The negative Movement Slopes(MS)were highly correlated with the CPP and the NP,as the Pearson's linear correlation coefficients were−0.87 and−0.79,respectively.The MS-CPP coefficients of determination(R-squared)were also between 0.76 and 0.95.In addition,the MS-NP coefficients of determination were between 0.63 and 0.87.Thus,it is concluded that the electrical stimulation parameters influence the behavioral outcomes directly.Furthermore,the PAG area may be considered a suitable candidate for forward locomotion control in the future if the area is harnessed effectively to prevent undesirable chaotic behaviors.
文摘Our previous work demonstrated that microinjection of OFQ into PAG antagonized e lectroacupuncture (EA) analgesia; increased the release of Glu in spinal dorsal horn and decreased the release of GABA, 5 HT and NE; and significantly facilita t ed c fibre response and post discharge of WDR neurons of spinal dorsal horn in t he rats. The aim of current study is to observe the effect of microinjection of OFQ into PAG and simultaneous EA on the release of monoamines and Amino acids in spinal dorsal horn in the rats, by the methods of nucleus injection, micro dia lysis and HPLC EC. The results were as follows: After microinjection of OFQ into PAG and simultaneous EA, extracellular concentr ation of Glu was significantly decreased, whereas extracellular concentratio ns of GABA, 5 HT and 5 HIAA, NE and MHPG were significantly increas ed (P<0.05～0.01), indicating significant differences in comparison wi t h OFQ control group (microinjection of OFQ into PAG alone) in the corresponding phases (P<0.5～0.001). The results suggest there are opposite effects on the descending pain modulating system between OFQ in the brain and EA, so this may be one of the mechanisms of OFQ in the brain antagonizing EA analgesia.
