To improve the compactness and properties of C/C-SiC-ZrC composites produced by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP)method,the low-temperature reactive melt infiltration(RMI)process was used to seal the composite...To improve the compactness and properties of C/C-SiC-ZrC composites produced by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP)method,the low-temperature reactive melt infiltration(RMI)process was used to seal the composites using Zr_(2)Cu as the filler.The microstructure,mechanical properties,and ablation properties of the Zr_(2)Cu packed composites were analyzed.Results show that during Zr_(2)Cu impregnation,the melt efficiently fills the large pores of the composites and is converted to ZrCu due to a partial reaction of zirconium with carbon.This results in an increase in composite density from 1.91 g/cm^(3)to 2.24 g/cm^(3)and a reduction in open porosity by 27.35%.Additionally,the flexural strength of Zr_(2)Cu packed C/C-SiC-ZrC composites is improved from 122.78±8.09 MPa to 135.53±5.40 MPa.After plasma ablation for 20 s,the modified composites demonstrate superior ablative resistance compared to PIP C/C-SiC-ZrC,with mass ablation and linear ablation rates of 2.77×10^(−3)g/s and 2.60×10^(−3)mm/s,respectively.The“selftranspiration”effect of the low-melting point copper-containing phase absorbs the heat of the plasma flame,further reducing the ablation temperature and promoting the formation of refined ZrO_(2)particles within the SiO_(2)melting layer.This provides more stable erosion protection for Zr_(2)Cu packed C/C-SiC-ZrC composites.展开更多
AIM:To assess the variations in photoreceptor cell packing density(PCPD)across the retina among young healthy individuals with emmetropia,low and moderate myopia.METHODS:High-resolution adaptive optics scanning laser ...AIM:To assess the variations in photoreceptor cell packing density(PCPD)across the retina among young healthy individuals with emmetropia,low and moderate myopia.METHODS:High-resolution adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy(AOSLO)systems were utilized for retinal imaging with a large sampling window of 700μm×700μm.The study cohort included 14 emmetropic[spherical equivalent(SE)ranged+0.5 to-0.5 D],15 low myopic(SE ranged-0.5 to-3 D)and 21 moderate myopic(SE ranged-3 to-6 D)healthy young adults.Photoreceptors at 3°temporal,6°superior and inferior 6°were captured.Statistical analysis was then performed to obtain PCPD and cell spacing.RESULTS:The average age of participants was 22.54±2.86(ranged 20–30y)with no difference among 3 groups.At 3°temporal,the emmetropic group exhibited the highest PCPD of 15186.16±2050.54 cells/mm^(2),while the low and moderate myopic groups had PCPD of 14009.15±1073.01 and 13466.92±1121.71 cells/mm2,respectively.At 3°temporal,the emmetropic group also had the smallest cell spacing at 6.66±0.26 mm,compared to 6.85±0.26 and 6.91±0.28 mm for the low and moderate myopic groups,respectively.Compared to the emmetropic group,at 3°temporal,the myopic groups showed significantly reduced PCPD(low myopia:P=0.032;moderate myopia:P=0.001).At 6°inferior,the moderate myopic group exhibited a significant decrease in PCPD(P=0.013),while at 6°superior,there were no significant statistical differences in PCPD for the low and moderate myopic groups(P>0.05).In comparison to the emmetropic group,only the moderate myopic group showed significantly increased cell spacing at all three positions(temporal 3°:P=0.011,superior 6°:P=0.046,inferior 6°:P=0.013).Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between PCPD and axial length changes(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Reduced PCPD and increased cell spacing strongly correlated with refractive error in mild to moderate myopic eyes,especially at 6°inferior to the fovea and the decreased PCPD in the macular region of myopic patients may be associated with increased axial lengthinduced retinal stretching.展开更多
Two-dimensional energetic materials(2DEMs),characterized by their exceptional interlayer sliding properties,are recognized as exemplar of low-sensitivity energetic materials.However,the diversity of available 2DEMs is...Two-dimensional energetic materials(2DEMs),characterized by their exceptional interlayer sliding properties,are recognized as exemplar of low-sensitivity energetic materials.However,the diversity of available 2DEMs is severely constrained by the absence of efficient methods for rapidly predicting crystal packing modes from molecular structures,impeding the high-throughput rational design of such materials.In this study,we employed quantified indicators,such as hydrogen bond dimension and maximum planar separation,to quickly screen 172DEM and 16 non-2DEM crystal structures from a crystal database.They were subsequently compared and analyzed,focusing on hydrogen bond donor-acceptor combinations,skeleton features,and intermolecular interactions.Our findings suggest that theπ-πpacking interaction energy is a key determinant in the formation of layered packing modes by planar energetic molecules,with its magnitude primarily influenced by the strongest dimericπ-πinteraction(π-π2max).Consequently,we have delineated a critical threshold forπ-π2max to discern layered packing modes and formulated a theoretical model for predictingπ-π2max,grounded in molecular electrostatic potential and dipole moment analysis.The predictive efficacy of this model was substantiated through external validation on a test set comprising 31 planar energetic molecular crystals,achieving an accuracy of 84%and a recall of 75%.Furthermore,the proposed model shows superior classification predictive performance compared to typical machine learning methods,such as random forest,on the external validation samples.This contribution introduces a novel methodology for the identification of crystal packing modes in 2DEMs,potentially accelerating the design and synthesis of high-energy,low-sensitivity 2DEMs.展开更多
For graphs G and H,an embedding of G into H is an injection ϕ:V(G)→V(H)such that ϕ(a)ϕ(b)∈E(H)whenever ab∈E(G).A packing of p graphs G_(1),G_(2),…,G_(p) into H is a p-tupleΦ=(ϕ_(1),ϕ_(2),…,ϕ_(p))such that,for i=...For graphs G and H,an embedding of G into H is an injection ϕ:V(G)→V(H)such that ϕ(a)ϕ(b)∈E(H)whenever ab∈E(G).A packing of p graphs G_(1),G_(2),…,G_(p) into H is a p-tupleΦ=(ϕ_(1),ϕ_(2),…,ϕ_(p))such that,for i=1,2,…,p,ϕ_(i) is an embedding of Gi into H and the p sets ϕ_(i)(E(G_(i)))are mutually disjoint.Motivated by the"Tree Packing Conjecture"made by Gyar fas and Lehel,Wang Hong conjectured that for each k-partite tree,there is a packing of two copies of T(X)into a complete k-partite graph B_(n+m)(Y),where m=■k/2」..In this paper,we confirm this conjecture for k=4.展开更多
Modern chromatography is increasingly focused on miniaturization and integration. Compared to conventional liquid chromatography, microfluidic chip liquid chromatography(microchip-LC) has the potential due to its zero...Modern chromatography is increasingly focused on miniaturization and integration. Compared to conventional liquid chromatography, microfluidic chip liquid chromatography(microchip-LC) has the potential due to its zero-dead volume connection and ease of integration. Nano-sized packings have the potential to significantly enhance separation performance in microchip-LC. However, their application has been hindered by packing difficulties. This study presents a method for packing nano-sized silica particles into a microchannel as the stationary phase. The microchip-LC packed column was prepared by combining the weir and the porous silica single-particle as frit to retain the packing particles. A surface tensionbased single-particle picking technique was established to insert porous single-particle frit into glass microchannels. Additionally, we developed a slurry packing method that utilizes air pressure to inject nano-sized packing into the microchannel. Pressure-driven chromatographic separation was performed using this nano-packed column integrated into a glass microchip. The mixture of four PAHs was successfully separated within just 8 min using a 5 mm separation channel length, achieving high theoretical plates(10~6plates/m). Overall, these findings demonstrate the potential of utilizing nano-sized packings for enhancing chromatographic performance in microchip systems.展开更多
Fixed-bed reactors are generally considered the optimal choice for numerous multi-phase catalytic reactions due to their excellent performance and stability.However,conventional fixed beds often encounter challenges r...Fixed-bed reactors are generally considered the optimal choice for numerous multi-phase catalytic reactions due to their excellent performance and stability.However,conventional fixed beds often encounter challenges related to inadequate mass transfer and a high pressure drop caused by the non-uniform void fraction distribution.To enhance the overall performance of fixed beds,the impact of different packing configurations on performance was investigated.Experimental and simulation methods were used to investigate the fluid flow and mass transfer performances of various packed beds under different flow rates.It was found that structured beds exhibited a significantly lower pressure drop per unit length than conventional packed beds.Furthermore,the packing configurations had a critical role in improving the overall performance of fixed beds.Specifically,structured packed beds,particularly the H-2 packing configuration,effectively reduced the pressure drop per unit length and improved the mass transfer efficiency.The H-2 packing configuration consisted of two parallel strips of particles in each layer,with strips arranged perpendicularly between adjacent layers,and the spacing between the strips varied from layer to layer.展开更多
Designing novel nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs)is of vital importance for the development of organic solar cells(OSC).Modification on the side chain and end group are two powerful tools to construct efficient NFAs.Here,b...Designing novel nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs)is of vital importance for the development of organic solar cells(OSC).Modification on the side chain and end group are two powerful tools to construct efficient NFAs.Here,based on the high-performance L8BO,we selected 3-ethylheptyl to substitute the inner chain of 2-ethylhexyl,obtaining the backbone of BON3.Then we introduced different halogen atoms of fluorine and chlorine on 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1Hinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile end group(EG)to construct efficient NFAs named BON3-F and BON3-Cl,respectively.Polymer donor D18 was chosen to combine with two novel NFAs to construct OSC devices.Impressively,D18:BON3-Cl-based device shows a remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 18.57%,with a high open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))of 0.907 V and an excellent fill factor(FF)of 80.44%,which is one of the highest binary PCE of devices based on D18 as the donor.However,BON3-F-based device shows a relatively lower PCE of 17.79%with a decreased FF of 79.05%.The better photovoltaic performance is mainly attributed to the red-shifted absorption,higher electron and hole mobilities,reduced charge recombination,and enhanced molecular packing in the D18:BON3-Cl films.Also,we performed stability tests on two binary systems;the D18:BON3-Cl and D18:BON3-F devices maintain 88.1%and 85.5%of their initial efficiencies after 169 h of storage at 85°C in an N2-filled glove box,respectively.Our work demonstrates the importance of selecting halogen atoms on EG and provides an efficient binary system of D18:BON3-Cl for further improvement of PCE.展开更多
基金Open Fund of Zhijian Laboratory,Rocket Force University of Engineering(2024-ZJSYS-KF02-09)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51902028,52272034)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(2023JBGS-15)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Changan University,300102313202,300102312406)。
文摘To improve the compactness and properties of C/C-SiC-ZrC composites produced by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP)method,the low-temperature reactive melt infiltration(RMI)process was used to seal the composites using Zr_(2)Cu as the filler.The microstructure,mechanical properties,and ablation properties of the Zr_(2)Cu packed composites were analyzed.Results show that during Zr_(2)Cu impregnation,the melt efficiently fills the large pores of the composites and is converted to ZrCu due to a partial reaction of zirconium with carbon.This results in an increase in composite density from 1.91 g/cm^(3)to 2.24 g/cm^(3)and a reduction in open porosity by 27.35%.Additionally,the flexural strength of Zr_(2)Cu packed C/C-SiC-ZrC composites is improved from 122.78±8.09 MPa to 135.53±5.40 MPa.After plasma ablation for 20 s,the modified composites demonstrate superior ablative resistance compared to PIP C/C-SiC-ZrC,with mass ablation and linear ablation rates of 2.77×10^(−3)g/s and 2.60×10^(−3)mm/s,respectively.The“selftranspiration”effect of the low-melting point copper-containing phase absorbs the heat of the plasma flame,further reducing the ablation temperature and promoting the formation of refined ZrO_(2)particles within the SiO_(2)melting layer.This provides more stable erosion protection for Zr_(2)Cu packed C/C-SiC-ZrC composites.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82271107).
文摘AIM:To assess the variations in photoreceptor cell packing density(PCPD)across the retina among young healthy individuals with emmetropia,low and moderate myopia.METHODS:High-resolution adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy(AOSLO)systems were utilized for retinal imaging with a large sampling window of 700μm×700μm.The study cohort included 14 emmetropic[spherical equivalent(SE)ranged+0.5 to-0.5 D],15 low myopic(SE ranged-0.5 to-3 D)and 21 moderate myopic(SE ranged-3 to-6 D)healthy young adults.Photoreceptors at 3°temporal,6°superior and inferior 6°were captured.Statistical analysis was then performed to obtain PCPD and cell spacing.RESULTS:The average age of participants was 22.54±2.86(ranged 20–30y)with no difference among 3 groups.At 3°temporal,the emmetropic group exhibited the highest PCPD of 15186.16±2050.54 cells/mm^(2),while the low and moderate myopic groups had PCPD of 14009.15±1073.01 and 13466.92±1121.71 cells/mm2,respectively.At 3°temporal,the emmetropic group also had the smallest cell spacing at 6.66±0.26 mm,compared to 6.85±0.26 and 6.91±0.28 mm for the low and moderate myopic groups,respectively.Compared to the emmetropic group,at 3°temporal,the myopic groups showed significantly reduced PCPD(low myopia:P=0.032;moderate myopia:P=0.001).At 6°inferior,the moderate myopic group exhibited a significant decrease in PCPD(P=0.013),while at 6°superior,there were no significant statistical differences in PCPD for the low and moderate myopic groups(P>0.05).In comparison to the emmetropic group,only the moderate myopic group showed significantly increased cell spacing at all three positions(temporal 3°:P=0.011,superior 6°:P=0.046,inferior 6°:P=0.013).Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between PCPD and axial length changes(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Reduced PCPD and increased cell spacing strongly correlated with refractive error in mild to moderate myopic eyes,especially at 6°inferior to the fovea and the decreased PCPD in the macular region of myopic patients may be associated with increased axial lengthinduced retinal stretching.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22275145,22305189and 21875184)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant Nos.2022JC-10 and 2024JC-YBQN-0112).
文摘Two-dimensional energetic materials(2DEMs),characterized by their exceptional interlayer sliding properties,are recognized as exemplar of low-sensitivity energetic materials.However,the diversity of available 2DEMs is severely constrained by the absence of efficient methods for rapidly predicting crystal packing modes from molecular structures,impeding the high-throughput rational design of such materials.In this study,we employed quantified indicators,such as hydrogen bond dimension and maximum planar separation,to quickly screen 172DEM and 16 non-2DEM crystal structures from a crystal database.They were subsequently compared and analyzed,focusing on hydrogen bond donor-acceptor combinations,skeleton features,and intermolecular interactions.Our findings suggest that theπ-πpacking interaction energy is a key determinant in the formation of layered packing modes by planar energetic molecules,with its magnitude primarily influenced by the strongest dimericπ-πinteraction(π-π2max).Consequently,we have delineated a critical threshold forπ-π2max to discern layered packing modes and formulated a theoretical model for predictingπ-π2max,grounded in molecular electrostatic potential and dipole moment analysis.The predictive efficacy of this model was substantiated through external validation on a test set comprising 31 planar energetic molecular crystals,achieving an accuracy of 84%and a recall of 75%.Furthermore,the proposed model shows superior classification predictive performance compared to typical machine learning methods,such as random forest,on the external validation samples.This contribution introduces a novel methodology for the identification of crystal packing modes in 2DEMs,potentially accelerating the design and synthesis of high-energy,low-sensitivity 2DEMs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12071334)。
文摘For graphs G and H,an embedding of G into H is an injection ϕ:V(G)→V(H)such that ϕ(a)ϕ(b)∈E(H)whenever ab∈E(G).A packing of p graphs G_(1),G_(2),…,G_(p) into H is a p-tupleΦ=(ϕ_(1),ϕ_(2),…,ϕ_(p))such that,for i=1,2,…,p,ϕ_(i) is an embedding of Gi into H and the p sets ϕ_(i)(E(G_(i)))are mutually disjoint.Motivated by the"Tree Packing Conjecture"made by Gyar fas and Lehel,Wang Hong conjectured that for each k-partite tree,there is a packing of two copies of T(X)into a complete k-partite graph B_(n+m)(Y),where m=■k/2」..In this paper,we confirm this conjecture for k=4.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21936001)the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program (No.BJJWZYJH01201910005017)。
文摘Modern chromatography is increasingly focused on miniaturization and integration. Compared to conventional liquid chromatography, microfluidic chip liquid chromatography(microchip-LC) has the potential due to its zero-dead volume connection and ease of integration. Nano-sized packings have the potential to significantly enhance separation performance in microchip-LC. However, their application has been hindered by packing difficulties. This study presents a method for packing nano-sized silica particles into a microchannel as the stationary phase. The microchip-LC packed column was prepared by combining the weir and the porous silica single-particle as frit to retain the packing particles. A surface tensionbased single-particle picking technique was established to insert porous single-particle frit into glass microchannels. Additionally, we developed a slurry packing method that utilizes air pressure to inject nano-sized packing into the microchannel. Pressure-driven chromatographic separation was performed using this nano-packed column integrated into a glass microchip. The mixture of four PAHs was successfully separated within just 8 min using a 5 mm separation channel length, achieving high theoretical plates(10~6plates/m). Overall, these findings demonstrate the potential of utilizing nano-sized packings for enhancing chromatographic performance in microchip systems.
文摘Fixed-bed reactors are generally considered the optimal choice for numerous multi-phase catalytic reactions due to their excellent performance and stability.However,conventional fixed beds often encounter challenges related to inadequate mass transfer and a high pressure drop caused by the non-uniform void fraction distribution.To enhance the overall performance of fixed beds,the impact of different packing configurations on performance was investigated.Experimental and simulation methods were used to investigate the fluid flow and mass transfer performances of various packed beds under different flow rates.It was found that structured beds exhibited a significantly lower pressure drop per unit length than conventional packed beds.Furthermore,the packing configurations had a critical role in improving the overall performance of fixed beds.Specifically,structured packed beds,particularly the H-2 packing configuration,effectively reduced the pressure drop per unit length and improved the mass transfer efficiency.The H-2 packing configuration consisted of two parallel strips of particles in each layer,with strips arranged perpendicularly between adjacent layers,and the spacing between the strips varied from layer to layer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A20331)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.21925506)+3 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ22E030013)Ningbo Key Scientific and Technological Project(2022Z117)Ningbo Public Welfare Science and Technology Planning Project(2021S149)ZBTI Scientific Research Innovation Team(KYTD202105).
文摘Designing novel nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs)is of vital importance for the development of organic solar cells(OSC).Modification on the side chain and end group are two powerful tools to construct efficient NFAs.Here,based on the high-performance L8BO,we selected 3-ethylheptyl to substitute the inner chain of 2-ethylhexyl,obtaining the backbone of BON3.Then we introduced different halogen atoms of fluorine and chlorine on 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1Hinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile end group(EG)to construct efficient NFAs named BON3-F and BON3-Cl,respectively.Polymer donor D18 was chosen to combine with two novel NFAs to construct OSC devices.Impressively,D18:BON3-Cl-based device shows a remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 18.57%,with a high open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))of 0.907 V and an excellent fill factor(FF)of 80.44%,which is one of the highest binary PCE of devices based on D18 as the donor.However,BON3-F-based device shows a relatively lower PCE of 17.79%with a decreased FF of 79.05%.The better photovoltaic performance is mainly attributed to the red-shifted absorption,higher electron and hole mobilities,reduced charge recombination,and enhanced molecular packing in the D18:BON3-Cl films.Also,we performed stability tests on two binary systems;the D18:BON3-Cl and D18:BON3-F devices maintain 88.1%and 85.5%of their initial efficiencies after 169 h of storage at 85°C in an N2-filled glove box,respectively.Our work demonstrates the importance of selecting halogen atoms on EG and provides an efficient binary system of D18:BON3-Cl for further improvement of PCE.
