多发性硬化症(MS)是一种受免疫系统攻击、发生中枢神经系统白质脱髓鞘病变、使信号通道在大脑和身体之间传导受阻的自身免疫性疾病。常累及大脑、脊髓白质、皮质下结构、脑干、小脑和视神经等。随着病情进展,该病最终可导致患者肌肉协...多发性硬化症(MS)是一种受免疫系统攻击、发生中枢神经系统白质脱髓鞘病变、使信号通道在大脑和身体之间传导受阻的自身免疫性疾病。常累及大脑、脊髓白质、皮质下结构、脑干、小脑和视神经等。随着病情进展,该病最终可导致患者肌肉协调性丧失,视力减弱、功能丧失。奥扎莫德(ozanimod)最初由加州美国斯克利普斯研究所(The Scripps Research Institute,TSRI)研发,2009年4月,TSRI与美国Receptos生物制药公司签订独家许可协议,后者获得新型1-磷酸神经鞘氨醇(Sphingosine-1-phosphate,S1P)及S1P1和S1P5双重受体调节药专利权。协议规定,若Receptos公司不能合理使用和尽力开发奥扎莫德并使之商业化,TSRI有权终止许可协议。2015年8月,Receptos公司被美国Celgene细胞基因公司收购。Celgene公司将奥扎莫德开发用于治疗复发型多发性硬化症、溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病(Crohn's)等自身免疫性疾病。2018年2月,Celgene公司曾向美国食品药品管理局(FDA)提交奥扎莫德胶囊治疗MS新药上市申请(NDA),因未充分说明临床前和临床试验药理研究存在活性代谢物CC112273的性质,被FDA拒绝接受NDA。2019年11月,Celgene公司被美国百时美施贵宝公司(Bristol-Myers Squibb,BMS)收购。Celgene公司补充奥扎莫德动物实验长期毒性等一系列资料及2项Ⅲ期临床试验完整数据,于2019年3月13日再度提交NDA,FDA于2020年3月25日批准盐酸奥扎莫德胶囊上市,用于治疗成人复发型MS,包括临床孤立综合征(CIS)、复发缓解型多发性硬化症(RRMS)及继发进展型多发性硬化症(SPMS)。该药商品名为Zeposia^®。该文对盐酸奥扎莫德胶囊非临床和临床药理毒理学、临床研究、不良反应、适应证、剂量与用法、用药注意事项及知识产权状态和国内外研究进展等进行介绍。展开更多
环境法律和政策的核心是作出艰难的决策,它需要全盘考虑科学、经济、法律和政治问题,更不用说不可避免的权衡问题。虽然环境法可能具有让人畏惧的复杂性,但实践证明理解机制选择可以简明易懂。或许让人有点惊讶的是,只有5个基本的政策...环境法律和政策的核心是作出艰难的决策,它需要全盘考虑科学、经济、法律和政治问题,更不用说不可避免的权衡问题。虽然环境法可能具有让人畏惧的复杂性,但实践证明理解机制选择可以简明易懂。或许让人有点惊讶的是,只有5个基本的政策机制扮演角色,这些政策机制通过一个简单的"5P’s(The Five P’s)"框架可以被有效的讲授。5P’s包括指令性规范、财产权、经济惩罚、财政支付和说服。几乎没有哪种机制是解决某一问题的最佳工具,机制选择面临诸多挑战在于识别每种机制内在的优势和劣势。展开更多
The replacement of liquid electrolyte with solid electrolyte can significantly improve the safety and power/energy density of lithium batteries.70Li_(2)S–30P_(2)S_(5) is one of the most promising solid electrolytes w...The replacement of liquid electrolyte with solid electrolyte can significantly improve the safety and power/energy density of lithium batteries.70Li_(2)S–30P_(2)S_(5) is one of the most promising solid electrolytes with high conductivity for solid–state batteries.In this work,the ionic conductivity and stability toward moisture and lithium metal of 70Li_(2)S–30P_(2)S_(5) were enhanced by introducing the different amounts of Li_(2)O additives.65Li_(2)S–30P_(2)S_(5)–1%Li_(2)O delivered the highest conductivity,while 65Li_(2)S–30P_(2)S_(5)–5%Li_(2)O showed the best moisture stability and improved lithium compatibility.Solid-state batteries using 65Li_(2)S–30P_(2)S_(5)–5%Li_(2)O electrolyte and high-voltage LiNi_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Co_(0.2)O_(2) cathode exhibited low initial discharge capacity(100 mAh·g^(-1))and Coulombic efficiency(69%).Li_(3)InCl_(6) electrolytes were introduced both in the cathode mixture to replace sulfide electrolyte and in the interface layer to improve the cathode compatibility for the solid-state batteries,showing enhanced discharge capacity(175 mAh·g^(-1))and improved initial Coulombic efficiency(86%).Moreover,it also exhibited good performance at-20℃.展开更多
We present an experimental determination on the Lande g-factors for the 5 s^2 ^1 S0 and 5 s5 p ^3P0 states in ultra-cold atomic systems, which is important for evaluating the Zeeman shift of the clock transition in th...We present an experimental determination on the Lande g-factors for the 5 s^2 ^1 S0 and 5 s5 p ^3P0 states in ultra-cold atomic systems, which is important for evaluating the Zeeman shift of the clock transition in the ^87Sr optical lattice clock. The Zeeman shift of the 5 s5 p ^3 P0-5 s^2 ^1 S0 forbidden transition is measured with the π-polarized and σ^±-polarized interrogations at different magnetic field strengths. Moreover, in the g-factor measurement with the σ^±-transition spectra, it is unnecessary to calibrate the external magnetic field. By this means, the ground state 5 s^2 ^1 S0 g-factor for the ^87Sr atom is-1.306（52） ×10^-4, which is the first experimental determination to the best of our knowledge, and the result matches very well with the theoretical estimation. The differential g-factorδg between the 5 s5 p^3 P0 state and the 5 s^2 ^1 S0 state of the ^87Sr atoms is measured in the experiment as well,which are-7.67（36） ×10^-5 with π-transition spectra and-7.72（43） X 10^-5 with σ^±-transition spectra, in good agreement with the previous report [Phys. Rev. A 76（2007） 022510]. This work can also be used for determining the differential g-factor of the clock states for the optical clocks based on other atoms.展开更多
Measurements of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),methane(CH_(4)),and carbon monoxide(CO)are of great importance in the Qinghai-Tibetan region,as it is the highest and largest plateau in the world affecting global weather and cl...Measurements of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),methane(CH_(4)),and carbon monoxide(CO)are of great importance in the Qinghai-Tibetan region,as it is the highest and largest plateau in the world affecting global weather and climate systems.In this study,for the first time,we present CO_(2),CH_(4),and CO column measurements carried out by a Bruker EM27/SUN Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR)at Golmud(36.42°E,94.91°N,2808 m)in August 2021.The mean and standard deviation of the column-average dry-air mixing ratio of CO_(2),CH_(4),and CO(XCO_(2),XCH_(4),and XCO)are 409.3±0.4 ppm,1905.5±19.4 ppb,and 103.1±7.7 ppb,respectively.The differences between the FTIR co-located TROPOMI/S5P satellite measurements at Golmud are 0.68±0.64%(13.1±12.2 ppb)for XCH_(4)and 9.81±3.48%(–10.7±3.8 ppb)for XCO,which are within their retrieval uncertainties.High correlations for both XCH_(4)and XCO are observed between the FTIR and S5P satellite measurements.Using the FLEXPART model and satellite measurements,we find that enhanced CH_(4)and CO columns in Golmud are affected by anthropogenic emissions transported from North India.This study provides an insight into the variations of the CO_(2),CH_(4),and CO columns in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
文摘多发性硬化症(MS)是一种受免疫系统攻击、发生中枢神经系统白质脱髓鞘病变、使信号通道在大脑和身体之间传导受阻的自身免疫性疾病。常累及大脑、脊髓白质、皮质下结构、脑干、小脑和视神经等。随着病情进展,该病最终可导致患者肌肉协调性丧失,视力减弱、功能丧失。奥扎莫德(ozanimod)最初由加州美国斯克利普斯研究所(The Scripps Research Institute,TSRI)研发,2009年4月,TSRI与美国Receptos生物制药公司签订独家许可协议,后者获得新型1-磷酸神经鞘氨醇(Sphingosine-1-phosphate,S1P)及S1P1和S1P5双重受体调节药专利权。协议规定,若Receptos公司不能合理使用和尽力开发奥扎莫德并使之商业化,TSRI有权终止许可协议。2015年8月,Receptos公司被美国Celgene细胞基因公司收购。Celgene公司将奥扎莫德开发用于治疗复发型多发性硬化症、溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病(Crohn's)等自身免疫性疾病。2018年2月,Celgene公司曾向美国食品药品管理局(FDA)提交奥扎莫德胶囊治疗MS新药上市申请(NDA),因未充分说明临床前和临床试验药理研究存在活性代谢物CC112273的性质,被FDA拒绝接受NDA。2019年11月,Celgene公司被美国百时美施贵宝公司(Bristol-Myers Squibb,BMS)收购。Celgene公司补充奥扎莫德动物实验长期毒性等一系列资料及2项Ⅲ期临床试验完整数据,于2019年3月13日再度提交NDA,FDA于2020年3月25日批准盐酸奥扎莫德胶囊上市,用于治疗成人复发型MS,包括临床孤立综合征(CIS)、复发缓解型多发性硬化症(RRMS)及继发进展型多发性硬化症(SPMS)。该药商品名为Zeposia^®。该文对盐酸奥扎莫德胶囊非临床和临床药理毒理学、临床研究、不良反应、适应证、剂量与用法、用药注意事项及知识产权状态和国内外研究进展等进行介绍。
文摘环境法律和政策的核心是作出艰难的决策,它需要全盘考虑科学、经济、法律和政治问题,更不用说不可避免的权衡问题。虽然环境法可能具有让人畏惧的复杂性,但实践证明理解机制选择可以简明易懂。或许让人有点惊讶的是,只有5个基本的政策机制扮演角色,这些政策机制通过一个简单的"5P’s(The Five P’s)"框架可以被有效的讲授。5P’s包括指令性规范、财产权、经济惩罚、财政支付和说服。几乎没有哪种机制是解决某一问题的最佳工具,机制选择面临诸多挑战在于识别每种机制内在的优势和劣势。
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51821005,21975087,U1966214 and 51902116)the Certificate of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(No.2019M652634)We gratefully acknowledge the Analytical and Testing Center of HUST for allowing us to use its facilities.
文摘The replacement of liquid electrolyte with solid electrolyte can significantly improve the safety and power/energy density of lithium batteries.70Li_(2)S–30P_(2)S_(5) is one of the most promising solid electrolytes with high conductivity for solid–state batteries.In this work,the ionic conductivity and stability toward moisture and lithium metal of 70Li_(2)S–30P_(2)S_(5) were enhanced by introducing the different amounts of Li_(2)O additives.65Li_(2)S–30P_(2)S_(5)–1%Li_(2)O delivered the highest conductivity,while 65Li_(2)S–30P_(2)S_(5)–5%Li_(2)O showed the best moisture stability and improved lithium compatibility.Solid-state batteries using 65Li_(2)S–30P_(2)S_(5)–5%Li_(2)O electrolyte and high-voltage LiNi_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Co_(0.2)O_(2) cathode exhibited low initial discharge capacity(100 mAh·g^(-1))and Coulombic efficiency(69%).Li_(3)InCl_(6) electrolytes were introduced both in the cathode mixture to replace sulfide electrolyte and in the interface layer to improve the cathode compatibility for the solid-state batteries,showing enhanced discharge capacity(175 mAh·g^(-1))and improved initial Coulombic efficiency(86%).Moreover,it also exhibited good performance at-20℃.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61127901,11404025 and 91536106the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No XDB21030700+1 种基金the Key Research Project of Frontier Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No QYZDB-SSW-JSC004the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No 2014M560061
文摘We present an experimental determination on the Lande g-factors for the 5 s^2 ^1 S0 and 5 s5 p ^3P0 states in ultra-cold atomic systems, which is important for evaluating the Zeeman shift of the clock transition in the ^87Sr optical lattice clock. The Zeeman shift of the 5 s5 p ^3 P0-5 s^2 ^1 S0 forbidden transition is measured with the π-polarized and σ^±-polarized interrogations at different magnetic field strengths. Moreover, in the g-factor measurement with the σ^±-transition spectra, it is unnecessary to calibrate the external magnetic field. By this means, the ground state 5 s^2 ^1 S0 g-factor for the ^87Sr atom is-1.306（52） ×10^-4, which is the first experimental determination to the best of our knowledge, and the result matches very well with the theoretical estimation. The differential g-factorδg between the 5 s5 p^3 P0 state and the 5 s^2 ^1 S0 state of the ^87Sr atoms is measured in the experiment as well,which are-7.67（36） ×10^-5 with π-transition spectra and-7.72（43） X 10^-5 with σ^±-transition spectra, in good agreement with the previous report [Phys. Rev. A 76（2007） 022510]. This work can also be used for determining the differential g-factor of the clock states for the optical clocks based on other atoms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42205140,41975035)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3901000).
文摘Measurements of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),methane(CH_(4)),and carbon monoxide(CO)are of great importance in the Qinghai-Tibetan region,as it is the highest and largest plateau in the world affecting global weather and climate systems.In this study,for the first time,we present CO_(2),CH_(4),and CO column measurements carried out by a Bruker EM27/SUN Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR)at Golmud(36.42°E,94.91°N,2808 m)in August 2021.The mean and standard deviation of the column-average dry-air mixing ratio of CO_(2),CH_(4),and CO(XCO_(2),XCH_(4),and XCO)are 409.3±0.4 ppm,1905.5±19.4 ppb,and 103.1±7.7 ppb,respectively.The differences between the FTIR co-located TROPOMI/S5P satellite measurements at Golmud are 0.68±0.64%(13.1±12.2 ppb)for XCH_(4)and 9.81±3.48%(–10.7±3.8 ppb)for XCO,which are within their retrieval uncertainties.High correlations for both XCH_(4)and XCO are observed between the FTIR and S5P satellite measurements.Using the FLEXPART model and satellite measurements,we find that enhanced CH_(4)and CO columns in Golmud are affected by anthropogenic emissions transported from North India.This study provides an insight into the variations of the CO_(2),CH_(4),and CO columns in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
