The rapid growth of distributed data-centric applications and AI workloads increases demand for low-latency,high-throughput communication,necessitating frequent and flexible updates to network routing configurations.H...The rapid growth of distributed data-centric applications and AI workloads increases demand for low-latency,high-throughput communication,necessitating frequent and flexible updates to network routing configurations.However,maintaining consistent forwarding states during these updates is challenging,particularly when rerouting multiple flows simultaneously.Existing approaches pay little attention to multi-flow update,where improper update sequences across data plane nodes may construct deadlock dependencies.Moreover,these methods typically involve excessive control-data plane interactions,incurring significant resource overhead and performance degradation.This paper presents P4LoF,an efficient loop-free update approach that enables the controller to reroute multiple flows through minimal interactions.P4LoF first utilizes a greedy-based algorithm to generate the shortest update dependency chain for the single-flow update.These chains are then dynamically merged into a dependency graph and resolved as a Shortest Common Super-sequence(SCS)problem to produce the update sequence of multi-flow update.To address deadlock dependencies in multi-flow updates,P4LoF builds a deadlock-fix forwarding model that leverages the flexible packet processing capabilities of the programmable data plane.Experimental results show that P4LoF reduces control-data plane interactions by at least 32.6%with modest overhead,while effectively guaranteeing loop-free consistency.展开更多
目的研究0.01%、0.05%、0.1%二甲亚砜(DMSO)对细胞色素P450(CYP450)酶系中3A4、2C9两个亚型基因及蛋白表达水平的影响。方法 Chang肝脏细胞经处理后,分为空白对照组(仅含培养液)、DMSO组(分别采用0.01%、0.05%、0.1%DMSO处理)、睾酮组(...目的研究0.01%、0.05%、0.1%二甲亚砜(DMSO)对细胞色素P450(CYP450)酶系中3A4、2C9两个亚型基因及蛋白表达水平的影响。方法 Chang肝脏细胞经处理后,分为空白对照组(仅含培养液)、DMSO组(分别采用0.01%、0.05%、0.1%DMSO处理)、睾酮组(分别采用1、10、100μmol/L睾酮处理)、利福平组(分别采用1、10、100μmol/L利福平处理)、DMSO+睾酮组(分别采用0.01%、0.05%、0.1%DMSO+10μmol/L睾酮处理)、DMSO+利福平组(分别采用0.01%、0.05%、0.1%DMSO+10μmol/L利福平处理)。利用逆转录定量PCR的方法,测定CYP3A4、CYP2C9基因水平的表达。利用蛋白免疫印迹法,测定CYP3A4、CYP2C9蛋白水平的表达。结果 0.1%DMSO组CYP3A4 m RNA高于空白对照组(P<0.01),且0.1%DMSO组CYP3A4蛋白的表达也高于空白对照组。0.01%、0.05%DMSO组CYP3A4 m RNA表达与空白对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但0.01%、0.05%DMSO组CYP3A4蛋白的表达高于空白对照组。0.01%、0.05%、0.1%DMSO组CYP2C9 m RNA表达与空白对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),0.01%、0.05%、0.1%DMSO组CYP2C9蛋白表达与空白对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。0.01%、0.05%DMSO+10μmol/L睾酮组CYP3A4 m RNA的表达与空白对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但0.01%、0.05%DMSO+10μmol/L睾酮组CYP3A4蛋白的表达高于睾酮组。0.01%、0.05%、0.1%DMSO+10μmol/L利福平组CYP2C9 m RNA的表达与利福平组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但0.01%、0.05%、0.1%DMSO+10μmol/L利福平组CYP2C9蛋白的表达高于利福平组。结论0.01%、0.05%、0.1%三个浓度的DMSO在体外肝细胞实验中对CYP3A4的表达有一定的影响,而对CYP2C9的表达影响不明显,当DMSO作为药物溶剂的时候,可能会影响药物单用时的实验结果。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2022YFB2901501in part by the Science and Technology Innovation leading Talents Subsidy Project of Central Plains under Grant 244200510038.
文摘The rapid growth of distributed data-centric applications and AI workloads increases demand for low-latency,high-throughput communication,necessitating frequent and flexible updates to network routing configurations.However,maintaining consistent forwarding states during these updates is challenging,particularly when rerouting multiple flows simultaneously.Existing approaches pay little attention to multi-flow update,where improper update sequences across data plane nodes may construct deadlock dependencies.Moreover,these methods typically involve excessive control-data plane interactions,incurring significant resource overhead and performance degradation.This paper presents P4LoF,an efficient loop-free update approach that enables the controller to reroute multiple flows through minimal interactions.P4LoF first utilizes a greedy-based algorithm to generate the shortest update dependency chain for the single-flow update.These chains are then dynamically merged into a dependency graph and resolved as a Shortest Common Super-sequence(SCS)problem to produce the update sequence of multi-flow update.To address deadlock dependencies in multi-flow updates,P4LoF builds a deadlock-fix forwarding model that leverages the flexible packet processing capabilities of the programmable data plane.Experimental results show that P4LoF reduces control-data plane interactions by at least 32.6%with modest overhead,while effectively guaranteeing loop-free consistency.
文摘目的研究0.01%、0.05%、0.1%二甲亚砜(DMSO)对细胞色素P450(CYP450)酶系中3A4、2C9两个亚型基因及蛋白表达水平的影响。方法 Chang肝脏细胞经处理后,分为空白对照组(仅含培养液)、DMSO组(分别采用0.01%、0.05%、0.1%DMSO处理)、睾酮组(分别采用1、10、100μmol/L睾酮处理)、利福平组(分别采用1、10、100μmol/L利福平处理)、DMSO+睾酮组(分别采用0.01%、0.05%、0.1%DMSO+10μmol/L睾酮处理)、DMSO+利福平组(分别采用0.01%、0.05%、0.1%DMSO+10μmol/L利福平处理)。利用逆转录定量PCR的方法,测定CYP3A4、CYP2C9基因水平的表达。利用蛋白免疫印迹法,测定CYP3A4、CYP2C9蛋白水平的表达。结果 0.1%DMSO组CYP3A4 m RNA高于空白对照组(P<0.01),且0.1%DMSO组CYP3A4蛋白的表达也高于空白对照组。0.01%、0.05%DMSO组CYP3A4 m RNA表达与空白对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但0.01%、0.05%DMSO组CYP3A4蛋白的表达高于空白对照组。0.01%、0.05%、0.1%DMSO组CYP2C9 m RNA表达与空白对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),0.01%、0.05%、0.1%DMSO组CYP2C9蛋白表达与空白对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。0.01%、0.05%DMSO+10μmol/L睾酮组CYP3A4 m RNA的表达与空白对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但0.01%、0.05%DMSO+10μmol/L睾酮组CYP3A4蛋白的表达高于睾酮组。0.01%、0.05%、0.1%DMSO+10μmol/L利福平组CYP2C9 m RNA的表达与利福平组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但0.01%、0.05%、0.1%DMSO+10μmol/L利福平组CYP2C9蛋白的表达高于利福平组。结论0.01%、0.05%、0.1%三个浓度的DMSO在体外肝细胞实验中对CYP3A4的表达有一定的影响,而对CYP2C9的表达影响不明显,当DMSO作为药物溶剂的时候,可能会影响药物单用时的实验结果。
