The alkylation of p-cresol with tert-butanol（TBA）to 2-tert-butyl-p-cresol（TBC）catalyzed by a novel multiple-SO3H functioned ionic liquid（IL1）was investigated.Meanwhile,the catalytic activity of this novel ionic ...The alkylation of p-cresol with tert-butanol（TBA）to 2-tert-butyl-p-cresol（TBC）catalyzed by a novel multiple-SO3H functioned ionic liquid（IL1）was investigated.Meanwhile,the catalytic activity of this novel ionic liquid was compared with other four traditional ionic liquids.The results showed that IL1 has superior catalytic activity to other four traditional ionic liquids with the conversion of 85.3%and selectivity of 95.2%.Also,the reaction conditions were investigated to obtain the optimum conditions.Operational simplicity,small amount of usage,high activity,reusability and selectivity are the key features of this methodology.展开更多
Laboratory-scale experiments were carried out to evaluate the influences of operational parameters on the melt crystallization efficiency for p-cresol purification.The optimal crystallization conditions were determine...Laboratory-scale experiments were carried out to evaluate the influences of operational parameters on the melt crystallization efficiency for p-cresol purification.The optimal crystallization conditions were determined:dynamic pulsed aeration at 90 L·h-1 and the cooling rate of 0.6-0.8 ℃·min-1,followed by sweating at 0.2-0.3 ℃·min-1 for 40 min.Results also demonstrate that the melt crystallization efficiency is sensitive to feed concentration,which highlights this technology for separation and purification of high purity products.展开更多
Biological removal of sulfide, nitrate, and p-cresol at a loading rate of 340 gS/(m^3 · d), 340 gN/(m^3 · d) and600 gC/(m^3 · d), respectively, was achieved in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) r...Biological removal of sulfide, nitrate, and p-cresol at a loading rate of 340 gS/(m^3 · d), 340 gN/(m^3 · d) and600 gC/(m^3 · d), respectively, was achieved in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor. The ratio of C/S could affect the elemental sulfur(S^0) accumulation, and the C/S ratio of 1.75:1 was optimal for S^0 accumulation. Strains Pseudomonas sp., Simplicispira sp., and Rhizobium sp. could likely yield heterotrophs. Strains Arcobacter sp.,Sulfurimonas sp., Sulfurovum sp., and Sulfurospirillum sp. are the autotrophics required for the proposed UASB system. At high loading rate, the autotrophic denitrification pathway declined faster than the heterotrophic pathway.展开更多
The cultivation of aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactor for the biodegradation of p-cresol was studied.The reactor was started with 100 mg/L of p-cresol.Aerobic granules first appeared within one month of star...The cultivation of aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactor for the biodegradation of p-cresol was studied.The reactor was started with 100 mg/L of p-cresol.Aerobic granules first appeared within one month of start up.The granules were large and strong and had a compact structure.The diameter of stable granules was in the range of 1-5 mm.The integrity coefficient and granules density was found to be 96%and 1046 kg/m3,raspectively,The settling velocity of granules was found to be in the range of 2×10^-2-6×10^-7 m/sec.The aerobic granules were able to degrade p-cresol upto 800 mg/L at a removal efficiency of 88%.Specific p-cresol degradation rate in aerobic granules followed Haldane model for substrate inhibition,High specific p-cresol degradation rate up to 0,96 g pcresol/(g VSS.day)were sustained upto p-cresol concentration of 400 mg/L,Higher removal efficiency,good settling characteristics of aerobic granules,makes sequencing batch reactor suitable for erLhaneing the microorganism potential for biodegradation of inhibitory compounds.展开更多
In this study,extraction of p-cresol from the simulated wastewater has been studied using centrifugal extractors and QH-1 extractant.The distribution ratio of p-cresol was approximately 308.5 in the QH-1-p-cresol(pH=2...In this study,extraction of p-cresol from the simulated wastewater has been studied using centrifugal extractors and QH-1 extractant.The distribution ratio of p-cresol was approximately 308.5 in the QH-1-p-cresol(pH=2.0)system.The extraction stage efficiency of the single-stage centrifugal extractor was higher than 92%,and the extraction rate of the three-stage cascade was higher than 99%.When 15% NaOH was used for the stripping of p-cresol in QH-1 solution,the stripping rate of the three-stage cascade reached 100%.A mathematical model of multistage countercurrent extraction process that considers the phase volume change,extraction stage efficiency,and phase entrainment was used to simulate the extraction of p-cresol using centrifugal extractors.The calculated results using this model were in good agreement with the experimental results.展开更多
A silica-supported cross-linked poly(maleic acid -co- styrene)-platinum complex (PMS-Pt) has been prepared and found to be active in the hydrogenation of p-cresol under mild conditions (303-323K, 1.01 x 10(5)Pa). In t...A silica-supported cross-linked poly(maleic acid -co- styrene)-platinum complex (PMS-Pt) has been prepared and found to be active in the hydrogenation of p-cresol under mild conditions (303-323K, 1.01 x 10(5)Pa). In this hydrogenation system water serves as a solvent and p-cresol can be converted to 4-methylcyclohexanol quantitatively via 4-methylcyclohexanone as intermediate.展开更多
目的:探索瘤胃球菌(R.gnavus)对慢性肾脏病(CKD)及其肠源性毒素硫酸对甲酚(pCS)清除的影响。方法:收集40例腹膜透析(PD)患者的粪便样本进行16 s rRNA测序,并根据血清pCS浓度中位数将患者分为两组,利用线性判别分析和共现性网络分析确定...目的:探索瘤胃球菌(R.gnavus)对慢性肾脏病(CKD)及其肠源性毒素硫酸对甲酚(pCS)清除的影响。方法:收集40例腹膜透析(PD)患者的粪便样本进行16 s rRNA测序,并根据血清pCS浓度中位数将患者分为两组,利用线性判别分析和共现性网络分析确定低pCS组的关键菌属R.gnavus。将20只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为四组:正常对照(CN)组、CKD组、R.gnavus+CKD组、CN粪便+CKD组,通过四联抗生素及腺嘌呤饮食建立伪无菌CKD小鼠模型。采用qRT-PCR检测粪便中R.gnavus相对丰度及肾组织中转运蛋白以及炎症因子表达的水平;通过ELISA检测血清尿素氮与肌酐水平,采用HE、Masson染色观察肾脏病理损伤;采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测血清pCS水平。结果:在PD患者中,R.gnavus与血清pCS水平呈负相关,且为低pCS组的关键菌属。在腺嘌呤诱导的CKD小鼠模型中,给予R.gnavus可显著改善肾功能(P<0.05),减轻肾脏纤维化(P<0.05),降低肾脏与结肠中炎症因子表达(P<0.05),显著上调肾脏转运蛋白有机阴离子转运体3(OAT3)、多药耐药相关蛋白4(MRP4)、ATP结合转运蛋白G亚家族成员2(ABCG2)的表达,并显著降低血清pCS浓度(P<0.05)。结论:R.gnavus定植可促进pCS的清除并减缓CKD进展。展开更多
Mesoporous molecular sieves Al-MCM-41 with n（SiO2）/n（Al2O3） ratio being 20,50 and 100 were prepared.As proved by X-ray diffraction（XRD） patterns and the N2 physical sorption,the as-synthesized Al-MCM-41 exhibite...Mesoporous molecular sieves Al-MCM-41 with n（SiO2）/n（Al2O3） ratio being 20,50 and 100 were prepared.As proved by X-ray diffraction（XRD） patterns and the N2 physical sorption,the as-synthesized Al-MCM-41 exhibited typical hexagonal structure,large surface areas and narrow pore distribution.The performance of HAl-MCM-41 as catalyst for tert-butylation of p-cresol with methyl tert-butyl-ether（MTBE） was then investigated.The effects of temperature,weight hourly space velocity（WHSV） and the feed ratio n（MTBE）/n（p-cresol） on p-cresol conversion and product selectivity were examined.The results showed that mesoporous HAl-MCM-41 molecular sieves（n（SiO2）/n（Al2O3） = 20） is an efficient catalyst with high activity,selectivity and stability for the synthesis of 2-tert-butyl-p-cresol from p-cresol and MTBE by tert-butylation.展开更多
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2006BAE03B06)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(B409)Shanghai International Cooperation of Science and Technology Project(06SR07101)
文摘The alkylation of p-cresol with tert-butanol（TBA）to 2-tert-butyl-p-cresol（TBC）catalyzed by a novel multiple-SO3H functioned ionic liquid（IL1）was investigated.Meanwhile,the catalytic activity of this novel ionic liquid was compared with other four traditional ionic liquids.The results showed that IL1 has superior catalytic activity to other four traditional ionic liquids with the conversion of 85.3%and selectivity of 95.2%.Also,the reaction conditions were investigated to obtain the optimum conditions.Operational simplicity,small amount of usage,high activity,reusability and selectivity are the key features of this methodology.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB219905)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT0936)Innovating Fund of Tianjin University
文摘Laboratory-scale experiments were carried out to evaluate the influences of operational parameters on the melt crystallization efficiency for p-cresol purification.The optimal crystallization conditions were determined:dynamic pulsed aeration at 90 L·h-1 and the cooling rate of 0.6-0.8 ℃·min-1,followed by sweating at 0.2-0.3 ℃·min-1 for 40 min.Results also demonstrate that the melt crystallization efficiency is sensitive to feed concentration,which highlights this technology for separation and purification of high purity products.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 21307160the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. 16CX02040A
文摘Biological removal of sulfide, nitrate, and p-cresol at a loading rate of 340 gS/(m^3 · d), 340 gN/(m^3 · d) and600 gC/(m^3 · d), respectively, was achieved in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor. The ratio of C/S could affect the elemental sulfur(S^0) accumulation, and the C/S ratio of 1.75:1 was optimal for S^0 accumulation. Strains Pseudomonas sp., Simplicispira sp., and Rhizobium sp. could likely yield heterotrophs. Strains Arcobacter sp.,Sulfurimonas sp., Sulfurovum sp., and Sulfurospirillum sp. are the autotrophics required for the proposed UASB system. At high loading rate, the autotrophic denitrification pathway declined faster than the heterotrophic pathway.
基金supported by UP Council of Science and Technology(UPCST),Uttar Pradesh,India
文摘The cultivation of aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactor for the biodegradation of p-cresol was studied.The reactor was started with 100 mg/L of p-cresol.Aerobic granules first appeared within one month of start up.The granules were large and strong and had a compact structure.The diameter of stable granules was in the range of 1-5 mm.The integrity coefficient and granules density was found to be 96%and 1046 kg/m3,raspectively,The settling velocity of granules was found to be in the range of 2×10^-2-6×10^-7 m/sec.The aerobic granules were able to degrade p-cresol upto 800 mg/L at a removal efficiency of 88%.Specific p-cresol degradation rate in aerobic granules followed Haldane model for substrate inhibition,High specific p-cresol degradation rate up to 0,96 g pcresol/(g VSS.day)were sustained upto p-cresol concentration of 400 mg/L,Higher removal efficiency,good settling characteristics of aerobic granules,makes sequencing batch reactor suitable for erLhaneing the microorganism potential for biodegradation of inhibitory compounds.
文摘In this study,extraction of p-cresol from the simulated wastewater has been studied using centrifugal extractors and QH-1 extractant.The distribution ratio of p-cresol was approximately 308.5 in the QH-1-p-cresol(pH=2.0)system.The extraction stage efficiency of the single-stage centrifugal extractor was higher than 92%,and the extraction rate of the three-stage cascade was higher than 99%.When 15% NaOH was used for the stripping of p-cresol in QH-1 solution,the stripping rate of the three-stage cascade reached 100%.A mathematical model of multistage countercurrent extraction process that considers the phase volume change,extraction stage efficiency,and phase entrainment was used to simulate the extraction of p-cresol using centrifugal extractors.The calculated results using this model were in good agreement with the experimental results.
文摘A silica-supported cross-linked poly(maleic acid -co- styrene)-platinum complex (PMS-Pt) has been prepared and found to be active in the hydrogenation of p-cresol under mild conditions (303-323K, 1.01 x 10(5)Pa). In this hydrogenation system water serves as a solvent and p-cresol can be converted to 4-methylcyclohexanol quantitatively via 4-methylcyclohexanone as intermediate.
文摘目的:探索瘤胃球菌(R.gnavus)对慢性肾脏病(CKD)及其肠源性毒素硫酸对甲酚(pCS)清除的影响。方法:收集40例腹膜透析(PD)患者的粪便样本进行16 s rRNA测序,并根据血清pCS浓度中位数将患者分为两组,利用线性判别分析和共现性网络分析确定低pCS组的关键菌属R.gnavus。将20只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为四组:正常对照(CN)组、CKD组、R.gnavus+CKD组、CN粪便+CKD组,通过四联抗生素及腺嘌呤饮食建立伪无菌CKD小鼠模型。采用qRT-PCR检测粪便中R.gnavus相对丰度及肾组织中转运蛋白以及炎症因子表达的水平;通过ELISA检测血清尿素氮与肌酐水平,采用HE、Masson染色观察肾脏病理损伤;采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测血清pCS水平。结果:在PD患者中,R.gnavus与血清pCS水平呈负相关,且为低pCS组的关键菌属。在腺嘌呤诱导的CKD小鼠模型中,给予R.gnavus可显著改善肾功能(P<0.05),减轻肾脏纤维化(P<0.05),降低肾脏与结肠中炎症因子表达(P<0.05),显著上调肾脏转运蛋白有机阴离子转运体3(OAT3)、多药耐药相关蛋白4(MRP4)、ATP结合转运蛋白G亚家族成员2(ABCG2)的表达,并显著降低血清pCS浓度(P<0.05)。结论:R.gnavus定植可促进pCS的清除并减缓CKD进展。
文摘Mesoporous molecular sieves Al-MCM-41 with n（SiO2）/n（Al2O3） ratio being 20,50 and 100 were prepared.As proved by X-ray diffraction（XRD） patterns and the N2 physical sorption,the as-synthesized Al-MCM-41 exhibited typical hexagonal structure,large surface areas and narrow pore distribution.The performance of HAl-MCM-41 as catalyst for tert-butylation of p-cresol with methyl tert-butyl-ether（MTBE） was then investigated.The effects of temperature,weight hourly space velocity（WHSV） and the feed ratio n（MTBE）/n（p-cresol） on p-cresol conversion and product selectivity were examined.The results showed that mesoporous HAl-MCM-41 molecular sieves（n（SiO2）/n（Al2O3） = 20） is an efficient catalyst with high activity,selectivity and stability for the synthesis of 2-tert-butyl-p-cresol from p-cresol and MTBE by tert-butylation.
