目的:观察荔枝核总黄酮(total flavone from Litchi chinensis Sonn,TFL)对二甲基亚硝胺(dimethylnitrosamine,DMN)诱导的肝纤维化大鼠肝脏组Smads信号通路中关键信号传导分子Smad3、Smad4及基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(tissue inhibitor of...目的:观察荔枝核总黄酮(total flavone from Litchi chinensis Sonn,TFL)对二甲基亚硝胺(dimethylnitrosamine,DMN)诱导的肝纤维化大鼠肝脏组Smads信号通路中关键信号传导分子Smad3、Smad4及基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1TIMP-1)表达水平的变化,探讨TFL抗肝纤维化的作用机制.方法:90只S D大鼠随机平均分成正常对照组、模型组、秋水仙碱组不同浓度的TFL[200、100、50 mg/(kg·d)].用DMN腹腔注射诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型,造模同时灌胃给药.1次/d,共给6 wk,于实验第6周后处死大鼠,取血清测定谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)的含量.取留取肝脏同一部位行Masson染色观察大鼠病理改变及肝纤维化程度;免疫组织化学法检测Smad3、Smad4、TIMP-1表达量,实时荧光定量PCR检测(real-time quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR)检测Smad3、Smad4、TIMP-1m RNA表达量.结果:与模型组比较,TFL能降低血清ALT、AST含量,Masson染色病理显示TFL能显著减轻大鼠肝纤维化程度;与空白对照组比较,模型组大鼠的肝纤维化程度明显增加,肝组织Smad3、Smad4及TIMP-1的表达明显增强(P<0.05);与模型组比较,TFL各剂量组和秋水仙碱组肝组织Smad3、Smad4、TIMP-1的表达不同程度的降低(P<0.05).结论:T F L可减轻实验性大鼠肝损伤及改善肝纤维化程度,其机制与降低S m a d3、Smad4及TIMP-1的表达有密切关系,可能与改善肝功能、抑制肝细胞变性坏死,从而抑制胶原蛋白的合成和沉积减少细胞外基质有关.展开更多
Supported by The Ministry of S&T, “Construction of the Platform of Natural Resourses”(No.2004DKA30480) LM Malaria remains one of the most devasting infectious diseases in the world. The annual case number of the...Supported by The Ministry of S&T, “Construction of the Platform of Natural Resourses”(No.2004DKA30480) LM Malaria remains one of the most devasting infectious diseases in the world. The annual case number of the disease is estimated to be 350～500 million, and it causes about 1～3 million deaths each year, most of them are children. Due to the emergence of the drug resistance of the parasite and the insecticide resistance of mosquitoes, it becomes more difficult to control malaria. Furthermore, Simian malaria parasites infecting human were reported many times,which might cause severe public health problem. Since prevention of malaria epidemics hasn’t achieved tremendous success, emergence of primate malaria infection in human makes the situation even more complicated. Recently when we examine retrospectively the smears of “P. vivax” collected from Yunnan Province(the patient had spent sometimes in China-Myanmar border,logging), we found the similarity in morphology between the smears of the Yunnan patient and the naturally acquired P. knowlesi infection of human reported in Thailand, which belongs to primate malaria. P. knowlesi usually infects monkeys in nature and is shown to be infective to human occasionally from the report of oversea. It hadn’t drawn much attention of scientists, because its clinic symptoms were neither specific nor severe. The morphology of P. knowlesi in human infection could not easily differentiate with other Plasmodium species, especially for atypical form of P. vivax and P.malariae. We observed all stages of the erythrocytic cycle of the parasite in Giemsa-stained blood films. Early trophozoites appeared as ring forms as early trophozoites of P. falciparum in multi-infection,except the rings were a little larger. Frequently, more than one ring forms were noted in erythrocytes and double or tri-chromatin dots were also seen. Late trophozoites were usually amoeboid, as that of P. vivax. Sometimes, the cytoplasm was compact, which occupied no more than two-third of the erythrocytes. Some late trophozoites had a trend to form “band” that are typical for P. malariae. Mature schizonts had a central cluster of 8 to 16 merozoites and did not fill the whole erythrocyte. Late trophozoites and schizonts were densely pigmented with dark brown/black malaria pigment. Gametocytes filled most part of the erythrocytes and malaria pigment was scattered. The structure of gametocytes was compatible with that of P. vivax,but smaller. From the observation above, we can’t conclude which species of Plasmodium the patient was infected with. A DNA-based diagnosis with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes of two human malaria species and P. knowlesi was introduced. The blood films were scraped using a clean blade. All the films were incubated overnight at 37℃ and extracted with pheonl-chlorolform and DNA was precipitated with isopropanol. Using primers targeting SSU rRNA of different Plasmodium species, the extacted DNA was amplified by PCR with different primes for P.falciparum, P.vivax and P. knowlesi,respectively. The primer pair specific for P. knowlesi produced a single fragment of 150 bp. The amplified fragments were digested by endonuclease, cloned into T-vector, and then transformed into E. coli XL-10. Analysis of sequences showed that the amplified fragment was identical to the sequence of P. knowlesi. This result confirmed that the patient was infected with P. knowlesi, not P. vivax. A pair of primer was designed according to the reported msp-1 partial sequence of P. knowlesi. The partial msp-1 encoding gene was amplified by PCR from the extracted DNA. The amplified fragments were digested by endonuclease, cloned into pET-32a vector, and then transformed into E. coli XL-10. Analysis of sequences showed that the partial msp-1 gene was identical to the sequence of P. knowlesi, which was deposited in the GenBank previously. The recombinant plasmid pET-32a/msp-1 was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3), and then the positive recombinant clone was expressed by induction with IPTG. The expressed E. coli BL21(DE3) was analyzed by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. A 31 kDa fusion protein band could be discerned. E. coli BL21(DE3) containing recombinant msp-1 was disintegrated with supersonic, then centrifuged. SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis showed that the msp-1 is expressed in E. coli as precipitation. The protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography column. Western blot result showed that the purified protein could react with the blood serum from the patient infected with P.falciparum and its molecular weight accorded with the theoretical expectation. This is the first report of naturally human infection of P. knowlesi in China,and also established the basis for molecular diagnosis and differentiation of Plasmodium species. Further working idea for identifying the P. vivax multinucleatum, and the importance of human infection of simian malaria are discussed.展开更多
从Nrf2信号通路探讨淫羊藿苷(icariin,ICA)对D-半乳糖(D-galactose,D-Gal)诱导的小鼠睾丸支持细胞株15P-1细胞损伤的保护作用。将15P-1细胞分为对照组(control)、150 mM D-Gal处理组、D-Gal+ICA(0.5μM)组和D-Gal+ICA(1.0μM)组。RT-PC...从Nrf2信号通路探讨淫羊藿苷(icariin,ICA)对D-半乳糖(D-galactose,D-Gal)诱导的小鼠睾丸支持细胞株15P-1细胞损伤的保护作用。将15P-1细胞分为对照组(control)、150 mM D-Gal处理组、D-Gal+ICA(0.5μM)组和D-Gal+ICA(1.0μM)组。RT-PCR法和Western blot法检测15P-1细胞分泌的相关因子GDNF、BMP4和SCF mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。Western blot法检测15P-1细胞紧密连接相关蛋白Occludin和Claudin-1、Nrf2信号通路相关蛋白Nrf2、HO-1和NQO-1的蛋白表达水平。免疫荧光法检测Nrf2表达及定位。与对照组相比,D-Gal处理组15P-1细胞分泌的相关因子GDNF、BMP4和SCF的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著下降,而给予ICA后均显著升高。此外,与对照组相比,D-Gal处理组15P-1细胞Occludin、Claudin-1、Nrf2、HO-1和NQO-1的蛋白表达水平均显著下降,而ICA可显著上调上述相关蛋白的表达。免疫荧光结果进一步显示,ICA可上调15P-1细胞核内Nrf2蛋白表达。ICA可减轻D-Gal诱导的15P-1细胞损伤,并改善其功能,其机制可能与上调Nrf2信号通路相关蛋白有关。展开更多
目的：观察JNK/MCP-1通路在姜黄素抗大鼠糖尿病神经病理性疼痛（DNP）中的作用及机制。方法：雄性SD大鼠诱导为2型糖尿病神经病理性痛大鼠（DNP）模型,将其随机分为6组（n=27）：DNP组、姜黄素组（Cur组）、溶剂对照组（DSC组）、JNK抑...目的：观察JNK/MCP-1通路在姜黄素抗大鼠糖尿病神经病理性疼痛（DNP）中的作用及机制。方法：雄性SD大鼠诱导为2型糖尿病神经病理性痛大鼠（DNP）模型,将其随机分为6组（n=27）：DNP组、姜黄素组（Cur组）、溶剂对照组（DSC组）、JNK抑制剂组（DJ组）、JNK抑制剂溶剂对照组（DJS组）、姜黄素＋单核细胞趋化蛋白1（MCP-1）激动剂组（DM组）。另取27只正常大鼠为正常对照组（C组）,给药后3 d、7 d、14 d时测定机械缩足痛阈和热缩足潜伏期,并在同一时点取脊髓腰膨大及L4-6背根神经节（DRG）,用免疫印迹法测定脊髓和DRG中p-JNK水平,用ELISA测定脊髓和DRG中的MCP-1含量。结果：与DNP组相比,在给药后的7 d、14 d Cur组、DJ组、DM组p-JNK的表达明显下降（P〈0.05）;与C组相比,链脲佐菌素给药后其它6组MCP-1含量出现明显下降;与DNP组相比,在给药后的7 d、14 d Cur组、DJ组MCP-1出现明显上升,而DM组出现进一步下降（P〈0.05）。结论：DNP大鼠脊髓和DRG中的p-JNK、MCP-1表达明显升高,姜黄素减轻2型糖尿病大鼠神经病理性疼痛的机制可能与JNK/MCP-1信号通路有关。展开更多
文摘目的:观察荔枝核总黄酮(total flavone from Litchi chinensis Sonn,TFL)对二甲基亚硝胺(dimethylnitrosamine,DMN)诱导的肝纤维化大鼠肝脏组Smads信号通路中关键信号传导分子Smad3、Smad4及基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1TIMP-1)表达水平的变化,探讨TFL抗肝纤维化的作用机制.方法:90只S D大鼠随机平均分成正常对照组、模型组、秋水仙碱组不同浓度的TFL[200、100、50 mg/(kg·d)].用DMN腹腔注射诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型,造模同时灌胃给药.1次/d,共给6 wk,于实验第6周后处死大鼠,取血清测定谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)的含量.取留取肝脏同一部位行Masson染色观察大鼠病理改变及肝纤维化程度;免疫组织化学法检测Smad3、Smad4、TIMP-1表达量,实时荧光定量PCR检测(real-time quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR)检测Smad3、Smad4、TIMP-1m RNA表达量.结果:与模型组比较,TFL能降低血清ALT、AST含量,Masson染色病理显示TFL能显著减轻大鼠肝纤维化程度;与空白对照组比较,模型组大鼠的肝纤维化程度明显增加,肝组织Smad3、Smad4及TIMP-1的表达明显增强(P<0.05);与模型组比较,TFL各剂量组和秋水仙碱组肝组织Smad3、Smad4、TIMP-1的表达不同程度的降低(P<0.05).结论:T F L可减轻实验性大鼠肝损伤及改善肝纤维化程度,其机制与降低S m a d3、Smad4及TIMP-1的表达有密切关系,可能与改善肝功能、抑制肝细胞变性坏死,从而抑制胶原蛋白的合成和沉积减少细胞外基质有关.
文摘Supported by The Ministry of S&T, “Construction of the Platform of Natural Resourses”(No.2004DKA30480) LM Malaria remains one of the most devasting infectious diseases in the world. The annual case number of the disease is estimated to be 350～500 million, and it causes about 1～3 million deaths each year, most of them are children. Due to the emergence of the drug resistance of the parasite and the insecticide resistance of mosquitoes, it becomes more difficult to control malaria. Furthermore, Simian malaria parasites infecting human were reported many times,which might cause severe public health problem. Since prevention of malaria epidemics hasn’t achieved tremendous success, emergence of primate malaria infection in human makes the situation even more complicated. Recently when we examine retrospectively the smears of “P. vivax” collected from Yunnan Province(the patient had spent sometimes in China-Myanmar border,logging), we found the similarity in morphology between the smears of the Yunnan patient and the naturally acquired P. knowlesi infection of human reported in Thailand, which belongs to primate malaria. P. knowlesi usually infects monkeys in nature and is shown to be infective to human occasionally from the report of oversea. It hadn’t drawn much attention of scientists, because its clinic symptoms were neither specific nor severe. The morphology of P. knowlesi in human infection could not easily differentiate with other Plasmodium species, especially for atypical form of P. vivax and P.malariae. We observed all stages of the erythrocytic cycle of the parasite in Giemsa-stained blood films. Early trophozoites appeared as ring forms as early trophozoites of P. falciparum in multi-infection,except the rings were a little larger. Frequently, more than one ring forms were noted in erythrocytes and double or tri-chromatin dots were also seen. Late trophozoites were usually amoeboid, as that of P. vivax. Sometimes, the cytoplasm was compact, which occupied no more than two-third of the erythrocytes. Some late trophozoites had a trend to form “band” that are typical for P. malariae. Mature schizonts had a central cluster of 8 to 16 merozoites and did not fill the whole erythrocyte. Late trophozoites and schizonts were densely pigmented with dark brown/black malaria pigment. Gametocytes filled most part of the erythrocytes and malaria pigment was scattered. The structure of gametocytes was compatible with that of P. vivax,but smaller. From the observation above, we can’t conclude which species of Plasmodium the patient was infected with. A DNA-based diagnosis with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes of two human malaria species and P. knowlesi was introduced. The blood films were scraped using a clean blade. All the films were incubated overnight at 37℃ and extracted with pheonl-chlorolform and DNA was precipitated with isopropanol. Using primers targeting SSU rRNA of different Plasmodium species, the extacted DNA was amplified by PCR with different primes for P.falciparum, P.vivax and P. knowlesi,respectively. The primer pair specific for P. knowlesi produced a single fragment of 150 bp. The amplified fragments were digested by endonuclease, cloned into T-vector, and then transformed into E. coli XL-10. Analysis of sequences showed that the amplified fragment was identical to the sequence of P. knowlesi. This result confirmed that the patient was infected with P. knowlesi, not P. vivax. A pair of primer was designed according to the reported msp-1 partial sequence of P. knowlesi. The partial msp-1 encoding gene was amplified by PCR from the extracted DNA. The amplified fragments were digested by endonuclease, cloned into pET-32a vector, and then transformed into E. coli XL-10. Analysis of sequences showed that the partial msp-1 gene was identical to the sequence of P. knowlesi, which was deposited in the GenBank previously. The recombinant plasmid pET-32a/msp-1 was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3), and then the positive recombinant clone was expressed by induction with IPTG. The expressed E. coli BL21(DE3) was analyzed by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. A 31 kDa fusion protein band could be discerned. E. coli BL21(DE3) containing recombinant msp-1 was disintegrated with supersonic, then centrifuged. SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis showed that the msp-1 is expressed in E. coli as precipitation. The protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography column. Western blot result showed that the purified protein could react with the blood serum from the patient infected with P.falciparum and its molecular weight accorded with the theoretical expectation. This is the first report of naturally human infection of P. knowlesi in China,and also established the basis for molecular diagnosis and differentiation of Plasmodium species. Further working idea for identifying the P. vivax multinucleatum, and the importance of human infection of simian malaria are discussed.
文摘目的：观察JNK/MCP-1通路在姜黄素抗大鼠糖尿病神经病理性疼痛（DNP）中的作用及机制。方法：雄性SD大鼠诱导为2型糖尿病神经病理性痛大鼠（DNP）模型,将其随机分为6组（n=27）：DNP组、姜黄素组（Cur组）、溶剂对照组（DSC组）、JNK抑制剂组（DJ组）、JNK抑制剂溶剂对照组（DJS组）、姜黄素＋单核细胞趋化蛋白1（MCP-1）激动剂组（DM组）。另取27只正常大鼠为正常对照组（C组）,给药后3 d、7 d、14 d时测定机械缩足痛阈和热缩足潜伏期,并在同一时点取脊髓腰膨大及L4-6背根神经节（DRG）,用免疫印迹法测定脊髓和DRG中p-JNK水平,用ELISA测定脊髓和DRG中的MCP-1含量。结果：与DNP组相比,在给药后的7 d、14 d Cur组、DJ组、DM组p-JNK的表达明显下降（P〈0.05）;与C组相比,链脲佐菌素给药后其它6组MCP-1含量出现明显下降;与DNP组相比,在给药后的7 d、14 d Cur组、DJ组MCP-1出现明显上升,而DM组出现进一步下降（P〈0.05）。结论：DNP大鼠脊髓和DRG中的p-JNK、MCP-1表达明显升高,姜黄素减轻2型糖尿病大鼠神经病理性疼痛的机制可能与JNK/MCP-1信号通路有关。
