Inertinite maceral compositions of the Late Permian coals from three sections in the terrestrial and paralic settings of eastern Yunnan are analyzed in order to reveal the paleo-fire events and the atmospheric oxygen ...Inertinite maceral compositions of the Late Permian coals from three sections in the terrestrial and paralic settings of eastern Yunnan are analyzed in order to reveal the paleo-fire events and the atmospheric oxygen levels in the latest Permian. Although the macerals in the studied sections are generally dominated by vitrinite, the inertinite group makes up a considerable proportion. Its content increases upward from the beginning of the Late Permian to the coal seam near the Permian- Triassic boundary. Based on the microscopic features and the prevailing theory that inertinite is largely a by-product of paleo-fires, we suggest that the increasing upward trend of the inertinite abundance in the latest Permian could imply that the Late Permian peatland had suffered from frequent wildfires. Since ignition and burning depend on sufficient oxygen, a model-based calculation suggests that the 02 levels near the Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian boundary and the Permian-Triassic boundary are 27% and 28% respectively. This output adds supports to other discoveries made in the temporal marine and terrestrial sediments, and challenges the theories advocating hypoxia as a mechanism for the PermianTriassic boundary crisis.展开更多
Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the oxygen content of Si-deoxidized H13 die steel by ferrous oxide-containing slags at 1873 K.The calculation of thermodynamics and kinetics was performed to ...Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the oxygen content of Si-deoxidized H13 die steel by ferrous oxide-containing slags at 1873 K.The calculation of thermodynamics and kinetics was performed to evaluate the oxygen level of molten steel through[Si]-[O]equilibrium and[Fe]-[O]equilibrium.The results show that as the FeO content in slag increases,the oxygen content with[Si]-[O]equilibrium(w([O])Si)has almost no change.When both the oxygen content with[Fe]-[O]equilibrium(w([O])Fe)and w([O])Si are less than the initial oxygen content in steel(w(TO)i),the oxygen content in steel(w([O]))depends on the higher value between w([O])Si and w([O])Fe.In the case of w([O])Fe>w(TO)i,the value of w([O])is the difference between the sum of w(TO)i and w([O])Si and the value of w([O])Fe.The reaction rates of[Si]-[O]and[Fe]-[O]are equal,which are controlled by the mass transfer of oxygen in molten steel.The evaluation method is suitable to the whole smelting process of Si-deoxidized H13 die steel.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is among the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) technology has become the first-line treatment for advanced HCC. Another important,...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is among the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) technology has become the first-line treatment for advanced HCC. Another important, recently developed technique is blood oxygen level–dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging(BOLD-fMRI), which utilizes hemoglobin as an endogenous contrast agent and measures deoxygenated hemoglobin content by sampling the oxygen content of tissues, thus reflecting the hemodynamics and pathophysiologic changes in body organs. Currently this technology is being used in patients with liver tumors;that is, it serves as an important tool in follow-up after TACE. The present paper summarizes these developments.展开更多
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia are the major symptoms of the disease. These motor i...Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia are the major symptoms of the disease. These motor impairments are often accompanied by affective and emotional dysfunctions which have been largely studied over the last decade. The aim of this study was to investigate emotional processing organization in the brain of patients with Parkinson's disease and to explore whether there are differences between recognition of different types of emotions in Parkinson's disease. We examined 18 patients with Parkinson's disease(8 men, 10 women) with no history of neurological or psychiatric comorbidities. All these patients underwent identical brain blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging for emotion evaluation. Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging results revealed that the occipito-temporal cortices, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and parietal cortex which are involved in emotion processing, were activated during the functional control. Additionally, positive emotions activate larger volumes of the same anatomical entities than neutral and negative emotions. Results also revealed that Parkinson's disease associated with emotional disorders are increasingly recognized as disabling as classic motor symptoms. These findings help clinical physicians to recognize the emotional dysfunction of patients with Parkinson's disease.展开更多
Objective To observe the effect of stimulating Yinttang （印堂 EX-HN 3） and Baihui（百会 GV 20） with electroacupuncture （EA） on blood oxygenation level of brain and explore the feasibility of measuring the therape...Objective To observe the effect of stimulating Yinttang （印堂 EX-HN 3） and Baihui（百会 GV 20） with electroacupuncture （EA） on blood oxygenation level of brain and explore the feasibility of measuring the therapeutic effect of acupuncture by applying near infra red spectrum （NIRS）. Methods Ten participants semi-randomly selected from 158 adults （random test sequence） were stimulated with EA at the acupoints of EX-HN 3 and GV 20. Verbal fluency task was conducted before and after acupuncture, and changes in blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex were tested by applying NIRS. Quantitative data were processed with JMP 10.0.2 software, and changes in waveforms of blood oxygenation level of brain before and after treatment were compared by applying NIRS. Results ① The mean of reacting dose （integral value） of blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex of the 158 adults in the verbal fluency task was 10.6 ± 1.1, and the mean of the whole reacting dose of blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex at 1/2 period of time during the test （centroids value） was 46.8 ± 1.6. ② In the EA group, the mean of integral value and centroids value of 10 adults were 8.4 ± 5.1 and 54.7± 12.2 before EA while 9.8±3.5 and 41.2±6.7 after EA. The integral value and centroids value of the EA group were closer to the mean of all the subjects. Conclusion It was found by NIRS that the blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex could be regulated in bi- directional way by stimulating EX-HN 3 and GV 20 with EA, and a further research on whether it directly related to EA is to be made.展开更多
Benthic foraminifera, preserved in the Late Cretaceous organic carbon-rich sediments of Gamba, southern Tibet, provide high-resolution proxies for sea-level changes and dissolved oxygen fluctuations of southeastern Te...Benthic foraminifera, preserved in the Late Cretaceous organic carbon-rich sediments of Gamba, southern Tibet, provide high-resolution proxies for sea-level changes and dissolved oxygen fluctuations of southeastern Tethys. The fossils were statistically analyzed and divided into three faunas of ＂Cenomanian fauna＂, ＂Turonian fauna＂, and ＂Coniacian fauna＂. A middle neritic-upper bathal environment （50-250m） was estimated considering the ratios of planktonic and epifaunal benthic foraminifera （P/（P＋E））, the morphological analysis according to the studies of recent foraminifera and the abundant distributions of depth-related species such as Alabamina creta, Laevidentalina sp., Praebulimina spp., Pleurostomella cf. naranjoensis, Pyrulina sp., Quinqueloculina spp., Haplophragmoides spp., etc. The result shows an almost parallel trend with the global transgressive and regressive cycles, but the former fluctuates more frequently at upper Cenomanian, which probably indicates tectonic instability of the continental margin. According to the benthic foraminiferal richness （BFN）, Shannon-Weiner diversity （H（s））, as well as benthic foraminiferal oxygen index （BFOI）, five periods of oxygen depleted conditions （dysoxic-anoxic） have been recognized. They correspond to the OAE2, the lower Turonian, the upper Turonian, the Turonian- Caniacian boundary event and the probably OAE3. In addition, the oxygen fluctuations in Gamba might be controlled directly by sea-level changes, while the paleoproductivity and oxygen conditions interacted with each other under oxygen deficiency environments.展开更多
Based on a comparison between the oxygen isotope records of benthic and plank tonic foraminifers from core 8KL of the South China Sea and sea-level change records derived from the Huon Peninsula, New Guinea, it is fou...Based on a comparison between the oxygen isotope records of benthic and plank tonic foraminifers from core 8KL of the South China Sea and sea-level change records derived from the Huon Peninsula, New Guinea, it is found that both records are very similar from 72 K a B.P. to the present, especially for the benthic oxygen isotope record. The linear regression shows that δ18O changes (0.9995‰ for benthic foraminifers and 1.022‰ for planktonic foraminifers) are equal to 100 m in sea-level fluctuation. After making temperature correction in the δ18O record of benthic foraminifers from 72 to 120 Ka B.P., the curve of sea-level oscillation of the South China Sea since 186 Ka B.P. has been reconstructed. The lowermost sea - level that occurred in the last glacial maximum and oxygen isotope stage 6 is approximately - 130 m.展开更多
We have formulated 3 permissible levels of respiratory resistance for aircraft oxygen equipment in China based on a comprehensive analysis of the results of human pkysiological experiments and feasibility of technolog...We have formulated 3 permissible levels of respiratory resistance for aircraft oxygen equipment in China based on a comprehensive analysis of the results of human pkysiological experiments and feasibility of technological design and performance with reference to existing standards and data. The ideal level can be used as a basic human physiological criterion. The applied permissible level is a criterion that must be followed in the process of design and production. The permissible level during maximum flow rate is presented as an extended allowable criterion for possible exceeding of the stable level for a short time.展开更多
The interaction between rice host and its pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) at cellular level was studied by using a resistant somaclonal mutant HX-3 and its susceptable donor Minghui 63. After inoculation ...The interaction between rice host and its pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) at cellular level was studied by using a resistant somaclonal mutant HX-3 and its susceptable donor Minghui 63. After inoculation with Xoo strain Zhe 173 (Chinese pathotype Ⅳ), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in the callus of Minghui 63 was increased dramatically, and the active oxygen(O2 ) was produced at a higher rate; Meanwhile, the callus grew slowly with the reduction of protein content Compared to the activity of SOD and POD, the production rate of Oa and the fresh weight in HX-3 callus varied little after the inoculation It could be proposed that there were great differences between the resistance of HX-3 and Mighui 63 at cellular level. There was no difference detected concerning resistance to bacterial leaf blight in HX-3 between the plant and the callus.展开更多
目的比较功能定量磁化率成像(fQSM)和血氧水平依赖(BOLD)成像在对指任务功能MRI(fMRI)中检测脑激活的能力。方法前瞻性招募24例健康成人志愿者,采用3.0 T MRI设备同步采集对指运动任务的fMRI幅度及相位图。采用一般线性模型(GLM)和独立...目的比较功能定量磁化率成像(fQSM)和血氧水平依赖(BOLD)成像在对指任务功能MRI(fMRI)中检测脑激活的能力。方法前瞻性招募24例健康成人志愿者,采用3.0 T MRI设备同步采集对指运动任务的fMRI幅度及相位图。采用一般线性模型(GLM)和独立成分分析(ICA)成像提取任务诱发的BOLD以及fQSM脑激活图。采用相关分析探讨BOLD和f QSM脑激活成分时间序列的相似性,采用配对t检验或置换检验比较BOLD和fQSM脑激活成分动态范围和分数低频振幅的差别。结果GLM显示BOLD激活脑区主要位于双侧中央前后回和小脑运动区,而fQSM未检测到激活的脑区(体素水平P<0.001,团块水平FWEc校正P<0.05)。即使降低阈值,fQSM检测到的激活也远少于BOLD,且两者在小脑运动区的时间序列呈显著负相关。头动和空间平滑对BOLD及fQSM激活强度的影响不显著。固定成分数(90)的ICA显示,BOLD能敏感检测到与对指任务时序密切关联的脑激活独立成分,而fQSM未能检测到与任务相关的脑激活,BOLD和fQSM各激活成分时间序列相关性较弱,且BOLD激活成分时间序列的动态范围和分数低频振幅显著高于fQSM(P<0.05,Bonferroni校正)。此外,自动成分数选择的ICA识别到3个与运动显著关联的f QSM脑激活成分,包括感觉运动、内侧前额叶和小脑运动网络,且后者与BOLD感觉运动网络存在显著负相关。结论fQSM技术在手指运动相关脑激活方面的检测能力低于BOLD技术,使用自动成分数选择的ICA有助于提高fQSM脑激活检测能力。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41030213)the Major National S&T Program of China(2011ZX05033-002 and 2011ZX05009-002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China(2010YD09)
文摘Inertinite maceral compositions of the Late Permian coals from three sections in the terrestrial and paralic settings of eastern Yunnan are analyzed in order to reveal the paleo-fire events and the atmospheric oxygen levels in the latest Permian. Although the macerals in the studied sections are generally dominated by vitrinite, the inertinite group makes up a considerable proportion. Its content increases upward from the beginning of the Late Permian to the coal seam near the Permian- Triassic boundary. Based on the microscopic features and the prevailing theory that inertinite is largely a by-product of paleo-fires, we suggest that the increasing upward trend of the inertinite abundance in the latest Permian could imply that the Late Permian peatland had suffered from frequent wildfires. Since ignition and burning depend on sufficient oxygen, a model-based calculation suggests that the 02 levels near the Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian boundary and the Permian-Triassic boundary are 27% and 28% respectively. This output adds supports to other discoveries made in the temporal marine and terrestrial sediments, and challenges the theories advocating hypoxia as a mechanism for the PermianTriassic boundary crisis.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(51704021)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-20-004A3,FRF-TP-19-030A2,and FRF-TP-16-079A1).
文摘Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the oxygen content of Si-deoxidized H13 die steel by ferrous oxide-containing slags at 1873 K.The calculation of thermodynamics and kinetics was performed to evaluate the oxygen level of molten steel through[Si]-[O]equilibrium and[Fe]-[O]equilibrium.The results show that as the FeO content in slag increases,the oxygen content with[Si]-[O]equilibrium(w([O])Si)has almost no change.When both the oxygen content with[Fe]-[O]equilibrium(w([O])Fe)and w([O])Si are less than the initial oxygen content in steel(w(TO)i),the oxygen content in steel(w([O]))depends on the higher value between w([O])Si and w([O])Fe.In the case of w([O])Fe>w(TO)i,the value of w([O])is the difference between the sum of w(TO)i and w([O])Si and the value of w([O])Fe.The reaction rates of[Si]-[O]and[Fe]-[O]are equal,which are controlled by the mass transfer of oxygen in molten steel.The evaluation method is suitable to the whole smelting process of Si-deoxidized H13 die steel.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81571784 30870695)+2 种基金the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan (2019JJ531)the Foundation of Hunan Province and Technology Department, China (No. 2015SF2020-4)the Foundation of Hunan Provincial Development and the Reform Commission, China (No. 201583)
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is among the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) technology has become the first-line treatment for advanced HCC. Another important, recently developed technique is blood oxygen level–dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging(BOLD-fMRI), which utilizes hemoglobin as an endogenous contrast agent and measures deoxygenated hemoglobin content by sampling the oxygen content of tissues, thus reflecting the hemodynamics and pathophysiologic changes in body organs. Currently this technology is being used in patients with liver tumors;that is, it serves as an important tool in follow-up after TACE. The present paper summarizes these developments.
文摘Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia are the major symptoms of the disease. These motor impairments are often accompanied by affective and emotional dysfunctions which have been largely studied over the last decade. The aim of this study was to investigate emotional processing organization in the brain of patients with Parkinson's disease and to explore whether there are differences between recognition of different types of emotions in Parkinson's disease. We examined 18 patients with Parkinson's disease(8 men, 10 women) with no history of neurological or psychiatric comorbidities. All these patients underwent identical brain blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging for emotion evaluation. Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging results revealed that the occipito-temporal cortices, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and parietal cortex which are involved in emotion processing, were activated during the functional control. Additionally, positive emotions activate larger volumes of the same anatomical entities than neutral and negative emotions. Results also revealed that Parkinson's disease associated with emotional disorders are increasingly recognized as disabling as classic motor symptoms. These findings help clinical physicians to recognize the emotional dysfunction of patients with Parkinson's disease.
文摘Objective To observe the effect of stimulating Yinttang （印堂 EX-HN 3） and Baihui（百会 GV 20） with electroacupuncture （EA） on blood oxygenation level of brain and explore the feasibility of measuring the therapeutic effect of acupuncture by applying near infra red spectrum （NIRS）. Methods Ten participants semi-randomly selected from 158 adults （random test sequence） were stimulated with EA at the acupoints of EX-HN 3 and GV 20. Verbal fluency task was conducted before and after acupuncture, and changes in blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex were tested by applying NIRS. Quantitative data were processed with JMP 10.0.2 software, and changes in waveforms of blood oxygenation level of brain before and after treatment were compared by applying NIRS. Results ① The mean of reacting dose （integral value） of blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex of the 158 adults in the verbal fluency task was 10.6 ± 1.1, and the mean of the whole reacting dose of blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex at 1/2 period of time during the test （centroids value） was 46.8 ± 1.6. ② In the EA group, the mean of integral value and centroids value of 10 adults were 8.4 ± 5.1 and 54.7± 12.2 before EA while 9.8±3.5 and 41.2±6.7 after EA. The integral value and centroids value of the EA group were closer to the mean of all the subjects. Conclusion It was found by NIRS that the blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex could be regulated in bi- directional way by stimulating EX-HN 3 and GV 20 with EA, and a further research on whether it directly related to EA is to be made.
基金financially supported by the project of National key basic research and development of China("973" project) "Late Mesozoic Greenhouse Climatic-environmental evolution of East Tethys (No.2012CB822000-G)"
文摘Benthic foraminifera, preserved in the Late Cretaceous organic carbon-rich sediments of Gamba, southern Tibet, provide high-resolution proxies for sea-level changes and dissolved oxygen fluctuations of southeastern Tethys. The fossils were statistically analyzed and divided into three faunas of ＂Cenomanian fauna＂, ＂Turonian fauna＂, and ＂Coniacian fauna＂. A middle neritic-upper bathal environment （50-250m） was estimated considering the ratios of planktonic and epifaunal benthic foraminifera （P/（P＋E））, the morphological analysis according to the studies of recent foraminifera and the abundant distributions of depth-related species such as Alabamina creta, Laevidentalina sp., Praebulimina spp., Pleurostomella cf. naranjoensis, Pyrulina sp., Quinqueloculina spp., Haplophragmoides spp., etc. The result shows an almost parallel trend with the global transgressive and regressive cycles, but the former fluctuates more frequently at upper Cenomanian, which probably indicates tectonic instability of the continental margin. According to the benthic foraminiferal richness （BFN）, Shannon-Weiner diversity （H（s））, as well as benthic foraminiferal oxygen index （BFOI）, five periods of oxygen depleted conditions （dysoxic-anoxic） have been recognized. They correspond to the OAE2, the lower Turonian, the upper Turonian, the Turonian- Caniacian boundary event and the probably OAE3. In addition, the oxygen fluctuations in Gamba might be controlled directly by sea-level changes, while the paleoproductivity and oxygen conditions interacted with each other under oxygen deficiency environments.
基金Project 49206062 funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Based on a comparison between the oxygen isotope records of benthic and plank tonic foraminifers from core 8KL of the South China Sea and sea-level change records derived from the Huon Peninsula, New Guinea, it is found that both records are very similar from 72 K a B.P. to the present, especially for the benthic oxygen isotope record. The linear regression shows that δ18O changes (0.9995‰ for benthic foraminifers and 1.022‰ for planktonic foraminifers) are equal to 100 m in sea-level fluctuation. After making temperature correction in the δ18O record of benthic foraminifers from 72 to 120 Ka B.P., the curve of sea-level oscillation of the South China Sea since 186 Ka B.P. has been reconstructed. The lowermost sea - level that occurred in the last glacial maximum and oxygen isotope stage 6 is approximately - 130 m.
文摘We have formulated 3 permissible levels of respiratory resistance for aircraft oxygen equipment in China based on a comprehensive analysis of the results of human pkysiological experiments and feasibility of technological design and performance with reference to existing standards and data. The ideal level can be used as a basic human physiological criterion. The applied permissible level is a criterion that must be followed in the process of design and production. The permissible level during maximum flow rate is presented as an extended allowable criterion for possible exceeding of the stable level for a short time.
文摘The interaction between rice host and its pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) at cellular level was studied by using a resistant somaclonal mutant HX-3 and its susceptable donor Minghui 63. After inoculation with Xoo strain Zhe 173 (Chinese pathotype Ⅳ), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in the callus of Minghui 63 was increased dramatically, and the active oxygen(O2 ) was produced at a higher rate; Meanwhile, the callus grew slowly with the reduction of protein content Compared to the activity of SOD and POD, the production rate of Oa and the fresh weight in HX-3 callus varied little after the inoculation It could be proposed that there were great differences between the resistance of HX-3 and Mighui 63 at cellular level. There was no difference detected concerning resistance to bacterial leaf blight in HX-3 between the plant and the callus.
文摘目的比较功能定量磁化率成像(fQSM)和血氧水平依赖(BOLD)成像在对指任务功能MRI(fMRI)中检测脑激活的能力。方法前瞻性招募24例健康成人志愿者,采用3.0 T MRI设备同步采集对指运动任务的fMRI幅度及相位图。采用一般线性模型(GLM)和独立成分分析(ICA)成像提取任务诱发的BOLD以及fQSM脑激活图。采用相关分析探讨BOLD和f QSM脑激活成分时间序列的相似性,采用配对t检验或置换检验比较BOLD和fQSM脑激活成分动态范围和分数低频振幅的差别。结果GLM显示BOLD激活脑区主要位于双侧中央前后回和小脑运动区,而fQSM未检测到激活的脑区(体素水平P<0.001,团块水平FWEc校正P<0.05)。即使降低阈值,fQSM检测到的激活也远少于BOLD,且两者在小脑运动区的时间序列呈显著负相关。头动和空间平滑对BOLD及fQSM激活强度的影响不显著。固定成分数(90)的ICA显示,BOLD能敏感检测到与对指任务时序密切关联的脑激活独立成分,而fQSM未能检测到与任务相关的脑激活,BOLD和fQSM各激活成分时间序列相关性较弱,且BOLD激活成分时间序列的动态范围和分数低频振幅显著高于fQSM(P<0.05,Bonferroni校正)。此外,自动成分数选择的ICA识别到3个与运动显著关联的f QSM脑激活成分,包括感觉运动、内侧前额叶和小脑运动网络,且后者与BOLD感觉运动网络存在显著负相关。结论fQSM技术在手指运动相关脑激活方面的检测能力低于BOLD技术,使用自动成分数选择的ICA有助于提高fQSM脑激活检测能力。
