Lithium plating/stripping occurs at the a node/electrolyte interface which involves the flow of electrons from the current collector and the migration of lithium ions from the solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI).The dua...Lithium plating/stripping occurs at the a node/electrolyte interface which involves the flow of electrons from the current collector and the migration of lithium ions from the solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI).The dual continuous rapid transport of interfacial electron/ion is required for homogeneous Li deposition.Herein,we propose a strategy to improve the Li metal anode performance by rationally regulating the interfacial electron density and Li ion transport through the SEI film.This key technique involves decreasing the interfacial oxygen density of biomass-derived carbon host by regulating the arrangement of the celluloses precursor fibrils.The higher specific surface area and lower interfacial oxygen density decrease the local current density and ensure the formation of thin and even SEI film,which stabilized Li^(+)transfer through the Li/electrolyte interface.Moreover,the improved graphitization and the interconnected conducting network enhance the surface electronegativity of carbon and enable uninterruptible electron conduction.The result is continuous and rapid coupled interfacial electron/ion transport at the anode/electrolyte reaction interface,which facilitates uniform Li deposition and improves Li anode performance.The Li/C anode shows a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 98%and a long-term lifespan of over 150cycles at a practical low N/P(negative-to-positive)ratio of 1.44 in full cells.展开更多
An atmospheric-pressure argon plasma jet with screw ring-ring electrodes in surface dielectric barrier discharge is generated by a sinusoidal excitation voltage at 8 kHz. The discharge characteristics, such as rotatio...An atmospheric-pressure argon plasma jet with screw ring-ring electrodes in surface dielectric barrier discharge is generated by a sinusoidal excitation voltage at 8 kHz. The discharge characteristics, such as rotational and vibrational temperature of nitrogen, electronic excitation temperature, oxygen atomic density, nitrogen molecular density, and average electron density, are estimated. It is found that the rotational temperature of nitrogen is in the range of 352 ～ 392 K by comparing the simulated spectrum with the measured spectrum at the C3Πu → B3Πg （△ν = 2） band transition, the electronic excitation temperature is found to be in the range of 3127 ～ 3230 K by using the Boltzmann plot method, the oxygen atomic and nitrogen molecular density are of the order of magnitude of 1016 cm-3 by the actinometry method, and the average electron density is of the order of magnitude of 1012 cm-3 by the energy balance equation. Besides, the effective power, conduction, and displacement current are measured during the discharge.展开更多
Ni0.35Zn0.65Fe2O4 ferrite was synthesized by SHS method. In the process of SHS, combustion temperature and velocity were the main process parameters , which were decided by the Fe content, grain size of the ferrite po...Ni0.35Zn0.65Fe2O4 ferrite was synthesized by SHS method. In the process of SHS, combustion temperature and velocity were the main process parameters , which were decided by the Fe content, grain size of the ferrite powder, relative density and the oxygen pressure. In this paper the effects of Fe content, grain size and oxygen pressure on combustion temperature and velocity were discussed. The relation between combustion temperature and magnetic permeability was also studied and the method of polynomial regression was used to establish the mathematical model of the relation.展开更多
Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are innovative devices that combine microbial processes with electrochemical reactions to convert organic matter in wastewater into electricity while simultaneously treating the wastewater.On...Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are innovative devices that combine microbial processes with electrochemical reactions to convert organic matter in wastewater into electricity while simultaneously treating the wastewater.One such application is the treatment of spent wash,a highly polluting effluent generated from the distillery industry after crude mesh is separated into ethanol and spent wash.Spent wash,also known as distillery effluent or stillage,is a highly challenging wastewater treatment method due to its high chemical oxygen demand(COD),biological oxygen demand(BOD),and total dissolved solids(TDS).These characteristics make it a complex and polluting industrial effluent that requires specialized treatment processes to reduce its environmental impact effectively.However,MFCs have shown promise in treating spent wash,as they can utilize the organic matter in wastewater as a fuel source for microbial growth as well as for electricity generation.For the treatment of spent wash,Saccharomyces cerevisiae sp.was used as a biocatalyst along with 340 mol/L potassium ferricyanide in the cathode chamber and 170 mol/L methylene blue in the anode as a mediator.All tests were conducted by balancing a one-liter volume for power production from spent wash in MFC with the optimal conditions of 10%agarose,pH 8.5,300 mL/min of aeration in the cathode chamber,and 40%(in weight)substrate concentration.At an ideal concentration,the maximum current and power density are roughly 53.41 mA/m^(2)and 72.22 mW/m^(2),respectively.For each litre of processed spent wash,a maximum voltage of 850 mV(4.5 mA)was obtained.Amazingly,91%of COD and BOD were removed from the effluent MFC.These findings show that MFCs are capable of producing electricity and efficiently removing COD from wasted wash at the same time.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975091,22122902,and 52272208)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities of China(2662023LXPY001 and 2662021JC004).
文摘Lithium plating/stripping occurs at the a node/electrolyte interface which involves the flow of electrons from the current collector and the migration of lithium ions from the solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI).The dual continuous rapid transport of interfacial electron/ion is required for homogeneous Li deposition.Herein,we propose a strategy to improve the Li metal anode performance by rationally regulating the interfacial electron density and Li ion transport through the SEI film.This key technique involves decreasing the interfacial oxygen density of biomass-derived carbon host by regulating the arrangement of the celluloses precursor fibrils.The higher specific surface area and lower interfacial oxygen density decrease the local current density and ensure the formation of thin and even SEI film,which stabilized Li^(+)transfer through the Li/electrolyte interface.Moreover,the improved graphitization and the interconnected conducting network enhance the surface electronegativity of carbon and enable uninterruptible electron conduction.The result is continuous and rapid coupled interfacial electron/ion transport at the anode/electrolyte reaction interface,which facilitates uniform Li deposition and improves Li anode performance.The Li/C anode shows a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 98%and a long-term lifespan of over 150cycles at a practical low N/P(negative-to-positive)ratio of 1.44 in full cells.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51177007)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2009AA064101-4)
文摘An atmospheric-pressure argon plasma jet with screw ring-ring electrodes in surface dielectric barrier discharge is generated by a sinusoidal excitation voltage at 8 kHz. The discharge characteristics, such as rotational and vibrational temperature of nitrogen, electronic excitation temperature, oxygen atomic density, nitrogen molecular density, and average electron density, are estimated. It is found that the rotational temperature of nitrogen is in the range of 352 ～ 392 K by comparing the simulated spectrum with the measured spectrum at the C3Πu → B3Πg （△ν = 2） band transition, the electronic excitation temperature is found to be in the range of 3127 ～ 3230 K by using the Boltzmann plot method, the oxygen atomic and nitrogen molecular density are of the order of magnitude of 1016 cm-3 by the actinometry method, and the average electron density is of the order of magnitude of 1012 cm-3 by the energy balance equation. Besides, the effective power, conduction, and displacement current are measured during the discharge.
文摘Ni0.35Zn0.65Fe2O4 ferrite was synthesized by SHS method. In the process of SHS, combustion temperature and velocity were the main process parameters , which were decided by the Fe content, grain size of the ferrite powder, relative density and the oxygen pressure. In this paper the effects of Fe content, grain size and oxygen pressure on combustion temperature and velocity were discussed. The relation between combustion temperature and magnetic permeability was also studied and the method of polynomial regression was used to establish the mathematical model of the relation.
文摘Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are innovative devices that combine microbial processes with electrochemical reactions to convert organic matter in wastewater into electricity while simultaneously treating the wastewater.One such application is the treatment of spent wash,a highly polluting effluent generated from the distillery industry after crude mesh is separated into ethanol and spent wash.Spent wash,also known as distillery effluent or stillage,is a highly challenging wastewater treatment method due to its high chemical oxygen demand(COD),biological oxygen demand(BOD),and total dissolved solids(TDS).These characteristics make it a complex and polluting industrial effluent that requires specialized treatment processes to reduce its environmental impact effectively.However,MFCs have shown promise in treating spent wash,as they can utilize the organic matter in wastewater as a fuel source for microbial growth as well as for electricity generation.For the treatment of spent wash,Saccharomyces cerevisiae sp.was used as a biocatalyst along with 340 mol/L potassium ferricyanide in the cathode chamber and 170 mol/L methylene blue in the anode as a mediator.All tests were conducted by balancing a one-liter volume for power production from spent wash in MFC with the optimal conditions of 10%agarose,pH 8.5,300 mL/min of aeration in the cathode chamber,and 40%(in weight)substrate concentration.At an ideal concentration,the maximum current and power density are roughly 53.41 mA/m^(2)and 72.22 mW/m^(2),respectively.For each litre of processed spent wash,a maximum voltage of 850 mV(4.5 mA)was obtained.Amazingly,91%of COD and BOD were removed from the effluent MFC.These findings show that MFCs are capable of producing electricity and efficiently removing COD from wasted wash at the same time.
