Mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation is an effective and promising approach for treating various systemic and diffuse diseases.However,the biological characteristics of transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells in hu...Mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation is an effective and promising approach for treating various systemic and diffuse diseases.However,the biological characteristics of transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells in humans remain unclear,including cell viability,distribution,migration,and fate.Conventional cell tracing methods cannot be used in the clinic.The use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents allows for the observation of transplanted cells using magnetic resonance imaging.In 2016,the National Medical Products Administration of China approved a new superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle,Ruicun,for use as a contrast agent in clinical trials.In the present study,an acute hemi-transection spinal cord injury model was established in beagle dogs.The injury was then treated by transplantation of Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells.The results indicated that Ruicunlabeled mesenchymal stromal cells repaired damaged spinal cord fibers and partially restored neurological function in animals with acute spinal cord injury.T2*-weighted imaging revealed low signal areas on both sides of the injured spinal cord.The results of quantitative susceptibility mapping with ultrashort echo time sequences indicated that Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells persisted stably within the injured spinal cord for over 4 weeks.These findings suggest that magnetic resonance imaging has the potential to effectively track the migration of Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells and assess their ability to repair spinal cord injury.展开更多
A microreactor system was used to study the catalytic reaction of NO+CO→1/2 N_2+CO_2 over Cu,Fe, Mn,Cr,and Ce oxides supported on alumina,and the effect of adding Ce in supported Cu-M-O(M=Mn,Fe and Cr) catalysts on t...A microreactor system was used to study the catalytic reaction of NO+CO→1/2 N_2+CO_2 over Cu,Fe, Mn,Cr,and Ce oxides supported on alumina,and the effect of adding Ce in supported Cu-M-O(M=Mn,Fe and Cr) catalysts on their catalytic activities for the topic reaction and the concentration of N_2O produced.It was found that the catalytic activity order of the single-element oxide is:CuO>Fe_2O_3≈Cr_2O_3> MnO_2>CeO_2>NiO.Cu-Mn-O is more active than CuO,and Cu-Fe-O is more active than Cu-Mn-O and Cu-Cr-O for NO+CO reaction.This study shows that the addition of Ce in supported Cu-M-O can promote their catalytic activities Jot the topic reaction,which makes the reaction of 2NO+CO→N_2O+CO_2 fast,and N_2O is an intermediate compound produced during NO+CO reaction.展开更多
The commercialization of solid oxide fuel cells depends on the cathode,which possesses both high catalytic activity and a thermal-expansion coefficient(TEC)that aligns with the electrolyte.Although the cobalt-based ca...The commercialization of solid oxide fuel cells depends on the cathode,which possesses both high catalytic activity and a thermal-expansion coefficient(TEC)that aligns with the electrolyte.Although the cobalt-based cathode La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)CoO_(3)(LSC)offers excellent catalytic performance,its TEC is significantly larger than that of the electrolyte.In this study,we mechanically mix Sm_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(2−δ)(SDC)with LSC to create a composite cathode.By incorporating 50wt%SDC,the TEC decreases significantly from 18.29×10^(−6) to 13.90×10^(−6) K^(−1).Under thermal-shock conditions ranging from room temperature to 800℃,the growth rate of polarization resistance is only 0.658%per cycle,i.e.,merely 49%that of pure LSC.The button cell comprising the LSC-SDC composite cathode operates stably for over 900 h without Sr segregation,with a voltage growth rate of 1.11%/kh.A commercial flat-tube cell(active area:70 cm^(2))compris-ing the LSC-SDC composite cathode delivers 54.8 W at 750℃.The distribution of relaxation-time shows that the non-electrode portion is the main rate-limiting step.This study demonstrates that the LSC-SDC mixture strategy effectively improves the compatibility with the electrolyte while maintaining a high output,thus rendering it a promising commercial cathode material.展开更多
Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)is a promising energy conversion device because of its high efficiency and fuel/oxidant flexibility,enabling the direct conversion of chemical energy to electrical power.By using N_(2)O as a...Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)is a promising energy conversion device because of its high efficiency and fuel/oxidant flexibility,enabling the direct conversion of chemical energy to electrical power.By using N_(2)O as an oxidant instead of air,we develop a dual-phase catalyst La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)-Gd_(0.1)Ce_(0.9)O_(2-δ)(LSCF-GDC),which exhibits efficient bifunctionality as a cathode for SOFC,synergistic ally promoting simultaneous N_(2)O decomposition and oxygen reduction kinetics.展开更多
Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(usSPIONs)are promising alternatives to gadolinium‐based contrast agents for positive contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Unlike larger SPIONs ...Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(usSPIONs)are promising alternatives to gadolinium‐based contrast agents for positive contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Unlike larger SPIONs that primarily function as T2/T2*negative contrast agents,usSPIONs with core diameters below 5 nm can effectively shorten T1 relaxation times,producing bright signals in T1‐weighted images.This distinct behavior stems from their unique magnetic properties,including single‐domain configurations,surface spin canting,and rapid Néel relaxation dynamics,which are particularly enhanced at low magnetic field strengths.The biocompatibility of iron oxide,efficient renal clearance pathways,and versatility for surface functionalization offer potential advantages over gadolinium‐based agents,especially regarding safety concerns related to nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and gadolinium deposition.These nanoparticles show particular promise for applications in lowfield MRI,vascular imaging,targeted molecular imaging,and theranostic platforms.Although challenges remain in optimizing synthesis methods for consistent production of monodisperse usSPIONs with tailored surface chemistry,ongoing research continues to advance their potential for clinical translation.This review explores the mechanisms,synthesis approaches,applications,and future perspectives of usSPIONs as positive contrast agents in MRI.展开更多
Propylene oxide(PO),with its reactive three-membered epoxide functional group,exhibits remarkable functional versatility and serves as a crucial bridge connecting the gaps between fossil energy utilization and chemica...Propylene oxide(PO),with its reactive three-membered epoxide functional group,exhibits remarkable functional versatility and serves as a crucial bridge connecting the gaps between fossil energy utilization and chemical intermediate generation for new material innovation [1].For instance,PO's downstream derivatives,such as polyether polyols,carbonic esters,and polyurethanes,are widely utilized in wind power generation,battery electrolytes,solar cells,and CO_(2)-based degradable polymers,contributing to sustainable decarbonization in industry [2].展开更多
Nitric oxide(NO)is a gaseous molecule produced by 3 different NO synthase(NOS)isoforms:Neural/brain NOS(nNOS/bNOS,type 1),endothelial NOS(eNOS,type 3)and inducible NOS(type 2).Type 1 and 3 NOS are constitutively expre...Nitric oxide(NO)is a gaseous molecule produced by 3 different NO synthase(NOS)isoforms:Neural/brain NOS(nNOS/bNOS,type 1),endothelial NOS(eNOS,type 3)and inducible NOS(type 2).Type 1 and 3 NOS are constitutively expressed.NO can serve different purposes:As a vasoactive molecule,as a neurotransmitter or as an immunomodulator.It plays a key role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury(CIRI).Hypoxic episodes simulate the production of oxygen free radicals,leading to mitochondrial and phospholipid damage.Upon reperfusion,increased levels of oxygen trigger oxide synthases;whose products are associated with neuronal damage by promoting lipid peroxidation,nitrosylation and excitotoxicity.Molecular pathways in CIRI can be altered by NOS.Neuroprotective effects are observed with eNOS activity.While nNOS interplay is prone to endothelial inflammation,oxidative stress and apoptosis.Therefore,nNOS appears to be detrimental.The interaction between NO and other free radicals develops peroxynitrite;which is a cytotoxic agent.It plays a main role in the likelihood of hemorrhagic events by tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA).Peroxynitrite scavengers are currently being studied as potential targets to prevent hemorrhagic transformation in CIRI.展开更多
Multicomponent Gd_(1−x)Sm_(x)Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoCuO_(5+δ)double perovskites are optimized for application in terms of chemical composi-tion and morphology for the use as oxygen electrodes in solid oxide cells.Structur...Multicomponent Gd_(1−x)Sm_(x)Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoCuO_(5+δ)double perovskites are optimized for application in terms of chemical composi-tion and morphology for the use as oxygen electrodes in solid oxide cells.Structural studies of other physicochemical properties are con-ducted on a series of materials obtained by the sol-gel method with different ratios of Gd and Sm cations.It is documented that changing the x value,and the resulting adjustment of the average ionic radius,have a significant impact on the crystal structure,stability,as well as on the total conductivity and thermomechanical properties of the materials,with the best results obtained for the Gd_(0.75)Sm_(0.2)5Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoCuO_(5+δ)composition.Oxygen electrodes are prepared using the selected compound,allowing to obtain low polarization resistance values,such as 0.086Ω·cm^(2)at 800℃.Systematic studies of electrocatalytic activity are conducted using La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(_(0.2))O_(3−δ)as the electrolyte for all electrodes,and Ce_(0.8)Gd_(0.2)O_(2−δ)electrolyte for the best performing Gd_(0.75)Sm_(0.2)5Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoCuO_(5+δ)electrodes.The electrochemical data are analyzed using the distribution of relaxation times method.Also,the influence of the preparation method of the electrode material is in-ve`stigated using the electrospinning technique.Finally,the performance of the Gd_(0.75)Sm_(0.2)5Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoCuO_(5+δ)electrodes is tested in a Ni-YSZ(yttria-stabilized zirconia)anode-supported cell with a Ce_(0.8)Gd_(0.2)O_(2−δ)buffer layer,in the fuel cell and electrolyzer operating modes.With the electrospun electrode,a power density of 462 mW·cm^(−2)is obtained at 700℃,with a current density of ca.0.2 A·cm^(−2)at 1.3 V for the electrolysis at the same temperature,indicating better performance compared to the sol-gel-based electrode.展开更多
Low-concentration coal mine methane(LC-CMM),which is predominantly composed of methane,serves as a clean and low-carbon energy resource with significant potential for utilization.Utilizing LC-CMM as fuel for solid oxi...Low-concentration coal mine methane(LC-CMM),which is predominantly composed of methane,serves as a clean and low-carbon energy resource with significant potential for utilization.Utilizing LC-CMM as fuel for solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)represents an efficient and promising strategy for its effective utilization.However,direct application in Ni-based anodes induces carbon deposition,which severely degrades cell performance.Herein,a medium-entropy oxide Sr_(2)FeNi_(0.1)Cr_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Mo_(0.3)O_(6−δ)(SFNCMM)was developed as an anode internal reforming catalyst.Following reduction treatment,FeNi_(3) nano-alloy particles precipitate on the surface of the material,thereby significantly enhancing its catalytic activity for LC-CMM reforming process.The catalyst achieved a methane conversion rate of 53.3%,demonstrating excellent catalytic performance.Electrochemical evaluations revealed that SFNCMM-Gd_(0.1)Ce_(0.9)O_(2−δ)(GDC)with a weight ratio of 7:3 exhibited superior electrochemical performance when employed as the anodic catalytic layer.With H_(2) and LC-CMM as fuels,the single cell achieved maximum power densities of 1467.32 and 1116.97 mW·cm^(−2) at 800℃,respectively,with corresponding polarization impedances of 0.17 and 1.35Ω·cm^(2).Furthermore,the single cell maintained stable operation for over 100 h under LC-CMM fueling without significant carbon deposition,confirming its robust resistance to carbon formation.These results underscore the potential of medium-entropy oxides as highly effective catalytic layers for mitigating carbon deposition in SOFCs.展开更多
Minimizing the thermal expansion coefficient(TEC)mismatch between the cathode and electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells is crucial for achieving stable,durable operation and high performance.Recently,materials with ne...Minimizing the thermal expansion coefficient(TEC)mismatch between the cathode and electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells is crucial for achieving stable,durable operation and high performance.Recently,materials with negative thermal expansion(NTE)have at-tracted significant attention as effective additives for tailoring the thermomechanical properties of electrodes and enhancing cell durability.In this work,for the first time,single-phase NTE perovskite Sm_(0.85)Zn_(0.15)MnO_(3−δ)(SZM15)was successfully synthesized via the sol-gel method,eliminating the unwanted ZnO phase typically observed in materials obtained through the conventional solid-state reaction route.The sol-gel approach proved highly advantageous,offering low cost,robustness,excellent chemical homogeneity,precise compositional control,and high phase purity.After optimization of synthesis parameters,a negative TEC of approximately−6.5×10^(−6)K^(−1)was achieved in the 400-850℃range.SZM15 was then incorporated as an additive(10wt%-50wt%)into a SmBa0.5Sr0.5CoCuO_(5+δ)(SBSCCO)cathode to tune the thermomechanical properties with a La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)O_(3−δ)(LSGM)electrolyte,achieving a minimal TEC mismatch of only 1%.Notably,the SBSCCO+10wt%SZM15 composite cathode exhibited the lowest polarization resistance of 0.019Ω·cm^(2)at 900℃,showing approximately 70%lower than that of the pristine cathode.Excellent long-term stability after 100 h of operation was achieved.In addition,a high peak power density of 680 mW·cm^(−2)was achieved in a Ni-YSZ(yttria-stabilized zirconia)|YSZ|Ce_(0.9)Gd_(0.1)O_(2−δ)(GDC10)|SBSCCO+10wt%SZM15 anode-supported fuel cell at 850℃,highlighting the effectiveness of incorporating NTE materials as a promising strategy for regulating the thermomechanical properties and improving the long-term stability of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells(IT-SOFCs).展开更多
With an increase in global aging,the number of people affected by cerebrovascular diseases is also increasing,and the incidence of vascular dementia-closely related to cerebrovascular risk-is increasing at an epidemic...With an increase in global aging,the number of people affected by cerebrovascular diseases is also increasing,and the incidence of vascular dementia-closely related to cerebrovascular risk-is increasing at an epidemic rate.However,few therapeutic options exist that can markedly improve the cognitive impairment and prognosis of vascular dementia patients.Similarly in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological disorders,synaptic dysfunction is recognized as the main reason for cognitive decline.Nitric oxide is one of the ubiquitous gaseous cellular messengers involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes of the central nervous system.Recently,nitric oxide has been implicated in regulating synaptic plasticity and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia.This review introduces in detail the emerging role of nitric oxide in physiological and pathological states of vascular dementia and summarizes the diverse effects of nitric oxide on different aspects of synaptic dysfunction,neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,and blood-brain barrier dysfunction that underlie the progress of vascular dementia.Additionally,we propose that targeting the nitric oxide-sGC-cGMP pathway using certain specific approaches may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular dementia.展开更多
In pursuit of more efficient and stable electrochemical energy storage materials,composite materials consisting of metal oxides and graphene oxide have garnered significant attention due to their unique structures and...In pursuit of more efficient and stable electrochemical energy storage materials,composite materials consisting of metal oxides and graphene oxide have garnered significant attention due to their unique structures and exceptional properties.Graphene oxide(GO),a two-dimensional material with an extremely high specific surface area and excellent conductivity,offers new possibilities for enhancing the electrochemical performance of metal oxides.In this work,we synthesized met-al-organic framework(MOF)and GO composites by regulating the amount of GO,and successfully prepared composites of metal oxides supported by nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks and GO through a simple one-step calcination process.Based on the electrochemical tests,the optimal amount of GO was determined.This research will provide new insights into and directions for designing and synthesizing metal oxide and graphene oxide composite materials with an ideal electro-chemical performance.展开更多
By enhancing surface interaction between metal oxide particles and carbon-based materials,it can effectively improve Faraday capacitance and conductivity,ultimately achieving high energy density with sufficient redox ...By enhancing surface interaction between metal oxide particles and carbon-based materials,it can effectively improve Faraday capacitance and conductivity,ultimately achieving high energy density with sufficient redox reactions in supercapacitors.Through a gentle biomineralization process and subsequent thermal reduction strategy,we successfully prepared the graphene oxide(GO)wrapping mixed-valence manganese oxides(MnO_(x))and S,P self-codoped carbon matrix porous composite(MnO_(x)@SPC@reduced graphene oxide(RGO)).During the biomineralization process of engineered Pseudomonas sp.(Ml)cells,GO nanosheets functioned as the'soil'to adsorb Mn^(2+)ion and uniformly disperse biogenic Mn oxides(BMO).After undergoing annealing,the MnO_(x) nanoparticles were evenly wrapped with graphene,resulting in the creation of the MnO_(x)@SPC@RGO3 composite.This composite possesses strong C—O—Mn bond interfaces,numerous electroactive sites,and a uniform pore structure.By optimizing the synergistic interaction between the highly conductive graphene and the remarkable surface capacitance of MnO_(x),the MnO_(x)@SPC@RGO3 electrode,with its intercalation Faraday reactions mechanism of■transformations,exhibits an outstanding specific capacity(448.3 F·g^(-1)at 0.5 A·g^(-1)),multiplying performance(340.5 F·g^(-1)at10 A·g^(-1)),and cycling stability(93.8%retention after 5000 cycles).Moreover,the asymmetric all-solidstate supercapacitors of MnO_(x)@SPC@RGO3//PC exhibit an exceptional energy density of 64.8 W·h·kg^(-1)and power density of 350 W·kg^(-1),as well as a long lifespan with capacitance retention of 92.5%after10000 cycles.In conclusion,the synthetic route utilizing biomineralization and thermal reduction exhibits significant potential for exploiting high-performance electrode materials in all-solid-state supercapacitor applications.展开更多
Polycrystalline perovskite oxide particles are promising candidates for cathode materials in solid oxide fuel cells.However,their limited activity and stability pose significant challenges for practical applications.I...Polycrystalline perovskite oxide particles are promising candidates for cathode materials in solid oxide fuel cells.However,their limited activity and stability pose significant challenges for practical applications.In this study,we demonstrate a novel approach to achieve both high activity and durability in a PrBaCo_(2)O_(5+δ) catalyst through a simple epitaxial layer growth strategy.We found that an amorphous precursor of the highly durable catalyst SmBa_(0.5)Ca_(0.5)CoCuO_(5+δ) can spontaneously adhere to the surface of PrBaCo_(2)O_(5+δ) particles.Upon heat treatment,it grows along the perovskite lattice,forming a heteroepitaxial layer with just a few atomic layers thickness.This heterostructure enhances the operational stability of PrBaCo_(2)O_(5+δ) transforming a 78% decrease over 100 h into a 7% increase.After 100 h,the power output density of the cell with the modified sample is more than 500% higher than that of unmodified PrBaCo_(2)O_(5+δ.)This work presents a new strategy for fabricating heteroepitaxial layers on polycrystalline ceramic catalysts and introduces a pioneering approach for developing high-performance oxygen reduction catalysts and related materials.展开更多
Solid oxide cells(SOCs)are attractive electrochemical energy conversion/storage technologies for electricity/green hydrogen production because of the high efficiencies,all-solid structure,and superb reversibility.Neve...Solid oxide cells(SOCs)are attractive electrochemical energy conversion/storage technologies for electricity/green hydrogen production because of the high efficiencies,all-solid structure,and superb reversibility.Nevertheless,the widespread applications of SOCs are remarkably restricted by the inferior stability and high material costs induced by the high operational temperatures(600-800℃).Tremendous research efforts have been devoted to suppressing the operating temperatures of SOCs to decrease the overall costs and enhance the long-term durability.However,fuel electrodes as key components in SOCs suffer from insufficient(electro)catalytic activity and inferior impurity tolerance/redox resistance at reduced temperatures.Nanostructures and relevant nanomaterials exhibit great potential to boost the performance of fuel electrodes for low-temperature(LT)-SOCs due to the unique surface/interface properties,enlarged active sites,and strong interaction.Herein,an in-time review about advances in the design and fabrication of nanostructured fuel electrodes for LT-SOCs is presented by emphasizing the crucial role of nanostructure construction in boosting the performance of fuel electrodes and the relevant/distinct material design strategies.The main achievements,remaining challenges,and research trends about the development of nanostructured fuel electrodes in LT-SOCs are also presented,aiming to offer important insights for the future development of energy storage/conversion technologies.展开更多
Neodymium chromium oxide(NdCrO_(3))and NdCrO_(3)/graphene oxide(GO)nanocomposite were synthesized via sol-gel and co-precipitation techniques for being used in high-perfo rmance supercapacitors and for the possible ap...Neodymium chromium oxide(NdCrO_(3))and NdCrO_(3)/graphene oxide(GO)nanocomposite were synthesized via sol-gel and co-precipitation techniques for being used in high-perfo rmance supercapacitors and for the possible application in ultraviolet(UV)materials.Herein the systematic synthesis approach was adopted,which enhances the optical and electrical properties of the grown wide band-gap composite nanomaterial.Structural characterization of the grown materials was attempted using X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Most importantly the electrochemical analysis of the grown samples was carried out by employing a glassy carbon electrode and 3 mol/L KOH electrolyte,which demonstrates significant improvements in a specific capacitance of approximately360 F/g,an energy density of approximately 18 Wh/kg,and a maximum power density of approximately 257 W/kg,respectively.Moreover,NdCrO_(3)/GO nanocomposite maintains a cyclic stability of 97.6%after4000 cycles.Photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy confirms the wide bandgap nature of the NdCrO_(3)and NdCrO_(3)/GO nanocomposite,indicating its potential application in UVC devices.These findings emphasize the potential of the NdCrO_(3)/GO nanocomposite in advancing efficient energy storage solutions and the possibility of being used in UVC technology.展开更多
The abiotic oxidation of divalentmanganese(Mn(Ⅱ))and the formation of Mn oxides are important geochemical processes,which control the mobility and availability of Mn as well as element cycling and pollutant behavior ...The abiotic oxidation of divalentmanganese(Mn(Ⅱ))and the formation of Mn oxides are important geochemical processes,which control the mobility and availability of Mn as well as element cycling and pollutant behavior in soils.It was found that iron(oxyhydr)oxides can catalyze Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation,but the effects of the coexisting dissolved organic matter(DOM)molecules on the catalysis of different iron(oxyhydr)oxides for Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation are poorly understood.Herein,we investigated Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation under the impacts of the interactions between iron(oxyhydr)oxides(i.e.,ferrihydrite,goethite and hematite)and DOM molecules.Simultaneously,we elucidated the variations of DOM composition and properties.Our results indicated that the catalysis of iron(oxyhydr)oxides for Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation was significantly inhibited by DOM.Moreover,DOM had less inhibiting effect on the catalysis of ferrihydrite for Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation and the formation of Mn oxides(e.g.,hausmannite and buserite)relative to goethite and hematite,whichwas partially because of the higher electron transfer capacities of ferrihydrite.Meanwhile,DOM molecules with high nominal oxidation state of carbon(NOSC),molecular weight,unsaturation and aromaticity were selectively adsorbed and oxidized by Mn oxides,including the oxygenated phenols and polyphenols.The newly formed molecules mainly belonged to phenols depleted of oxygen and aliphatics.Furthermore,NOSC was a key molecular characteristic for controlling DOM composition during DOM adsorption and oxidation by Mn oxides when iron minerals were present.Overall,our research contributes to understanding Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation mechanisms under heterogeneous systems and behaviors of DOM molecules in the environment.展开更多
Nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),as an important gas affecting climate warming,is attracting attention from allwalks of life.This reviewaddresses N_(2)O emissions status in the adipic acid industry,a significant industrial green...Nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),as an important gas affecting climate warming,is attracting attention from allwalks of life.This reviewaddresses N_(2)O emissions status in the adipic acid industry,a significant industrial greenhouse gas source.It elucidates the N_(2)O emission mechanism and influencing factors in adipic acid production.It extensively evaluates N_(2)O emission accounting methods,including Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)Guidelines,World Resources Institute(WRI)Protocol,and others.While the IPCC emission factor method offers simplicity and comparability,it may lack precision for facilities with advanced emission reduction measures.To address this,a combined modeling and monitoring approach is advocated.It scrutinizes modeling methods(statistical techniques,Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies,and Life-cycle Assessment)and highlights their reliance on specific data and perspectives.It emphasizes the growing importance of on-site monitoring with mid-IR technology.Additionally,it underscores the potential of aircraft-based and satellite remote sensing for comprehensive N_(2)O emissions data.The reviewalso highlights recent advancements in emission mitigation,particularly in adipic acid synthesis techniques,showing substantial potential for N_(2)O reduction.Innovative paradigms and strategies for N_(2)O mitigation in the adipic acid industry are presented,with a focus on achieving nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))-free production.These approaches hold promise for emission reduction,given the high removal efficiency in plant end-of-treatment processes.Various accounting methods,monitoring techniques,and mitigation strategies were integrated and analyzed to provides a comprehensive overview of N_(2)O emissions in the adipic acid industry,with the aim of guiding future research and policy initiatives.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(ESCA)is among the most prevalent and lethal tumors globally.While nitric oxide synthase 1(NOS1)is recognized for its important in-volvement in various cancers,its specific function in ESCA...BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(ESCA)is among the most prevalent and lethal tumors globally.While nitric oxide synthase 1(NOS1)is recognized for its important in-volvement in various cancers,its specific function in ESCA remains unclear.AIM To explore the potential role and underlying mechanisms of NOS1 in ESCA.METHODS Survival rates were analyzed using GeneCards and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis.The effects and mechanisms of NOS1 on ESCA cells were evaluated via the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay,scratch assay,Transwell assay,flow cytometry,quantitative polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling staining.The protein interaction network was used to screen the interacting proteins of NOS1 and validate these interactions through co-immuno-precipitation and dual luciferase assays.Additionally,a nude mouse xenograft model was established to evaluate the effect of NOS1 in vivo.RESULTS The survival rate of patients with ESCA with high NOS1 expression was higher than that of patients with low NOS1 expression.NOS1 expression in ESCA cell lines was lower than that in normal esophageal epithelial cells.Overexpression of NOS1(oe-NOS1)inhibited proliferation,invasion,and migration abilities in ESCA cell lines,resulting in decreased autophagy levels and increased apoptosis,pyroptosis,and ferroptosis.Protein interaction studies confirmed the interaction between NOS1 and NOS1 adaptor protein(NOS1AP).Following oe-NOS1 and the silencing of NOS1AP,levels of P62 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta increased both in vitro and in vivo.Furthermore,the expression levels of E-cadherin,along with the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)and protein kinase B(AKT),were inhibited in ESCA cell lines.CONCLUSION NOS1 and NOS1 proteins interact to suppress autophagy,activate the PI3K/AKT pathway,and exert anti-cancer effects in ESCA.展开更多
Precipitation is often used for the preparation of La(OH)_(3)with precipitants of liquid alkali and ammonia.To solve the problems of high cost and wastewater pollution caused by common precipitants,the active MgO synt...Precipitation is often used for the preparation of La(OH)_(3)with precipitants of liquid alkali and ammonia.To solve the problems of high cost and wastewater pollution caused by common precipitants,the active MgO synthesized by pyrolysis was used as the precipitant to prepare La(OH)_(3).The species distribution of LaCl_(3)and LaCl_(3)-MgCl_(2)mixed system solution was calculated,and the kinetic analysis of the precipi-tation process was carried out to confirm the key factors influencing the precipitation of La(OH)_(3).The results show that La(OH)_(3)with D_(50)of 5.57μm,a specific surface area of 25.70 m^(2)/g,a rod-like shape,and MgO content of 0.044 wt%,was successfully prepared by adding active MgO.The precipitation ratio of La reaches 99.92%.The La(OH)_(3)precipitation is controlled by the diffusion process.The activity of MgO has a significant influence on MgO content in the precipitate.The preparation of La(OH)_(3)by active MgO provides a potential way for an eco-friendly preparation method of rare earth.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,Nos.2017YFA0104302(to NG and XM)and 2017YFA0104304(to BW and ZZ)
文摘Mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation is an effective and promising approach for treating various systemic and diffuse diseases.However,the biological characteristics of transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells in humans remain unclear,including cell viability,distribution,migration,and fate.Conventional cell tracing methods cannot be used in the clinic.The use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents allows for the observation of transplanted cells using magnetic resonance imaging.In 2016,the National Medical Products Administration of China approved a new superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle,Ruicun,for use as a contrast agent in clinical trials.In the present study,an acute hemi-transection spinal cord injury model was established in beagle dogs.The injury was then treated by transplantation of Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells.The results indicated that Ruicunlabeled mesenchymal stromal cells repaired damaged spinal cord fibers and partially restored neurological function in animals with acute spinal cord injury.T2*-weighted imaging revealed low signal areas on both sides of the injured spinal cord.The results of quantitative susceptibility mapping with ultrashort echo time sequences indicated that Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells persisted stably within the injured spinal cord for over 4 weeks.These findings suggest that magnetic resonance imaging has the potential to effectively track the migration of Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells and assess their ability to repair spinal cord injury.
文摘A microreactor system was used to study the catalytic reaction of NO+CO→1/2 N_2+CO_2 over Cu,Fe, Mn,Cr,and Ce oxides supported on alumina,and the effect of adding Ce in supported Cu-M-O(M=Mn,Fe and Cr) catalysts on their catalytic activities for the topic reaction and the concentration of N_2O produced.It was found that the catalytic activity order of the single-element oxide is:CuO>Fe_2O_3≈Cr_2O_3> MnO_2>CeO_2>NiO.Cu-Mn-O is more active than CuO,and Cu-Fe-O is more active than Cu-Mn-O and Cu-Cr-O for NO+CO reaction.This study shows that the addition of Ce in supported Cu-M-O can promote their catalytic activities Jot the topic reaction,which makes the reaction of 2NO+CO→N_2O+CO_2 fast,and N_2O is an intermediate compound produced during NO+CO reaction.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22209191)Ningbo Key R&D Project(No.2023Z155).
文摘The commercialization of solid oxide fuel cells depends on the cathode,which possesses both high catalytic activity and a thermal-expansion coefficient(TEC)that aligns with the electrolyte.Although the cobalt-based cathode La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)CoO_(3)(LSC)offers excellent catalytic performance,its TEC is significantly larger than that of the electrolyte.In this study,we mechanically mix Sm_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(2−δ)(SDC)with LSC to create a composite cathode.By incorporating 50wt%SDC,the TEC decreases significantly from 18.29×10^(−6) to 13.90×10^(−6) K^(−1).Under thermal-shock conditions ranging from room temperature to 800℃,the growth rate of polarization resistance is only 0.658%per cycle,i.e.,merely 49%that of pure LSC.The button cell comprising the LSC-SDC composite cathode operates stably for over 900 h without Sr segregation,with a voltage growth rate of 1.11%/kh.A commercial flat-tube cell(active area:70 cm^(2))compris-ing the LSC-SDC composite cathode delivers 54.8 W at 750℃.The distribution of relaxation-time shows that the non-electrode portion is the main rate-limiting step.This study demonstrates that the LSC-SDC mixture strategy effectively improves the compatibility with the electrolyte while maintaining a high output,thus rendering it a promising commercial cathode material.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52336009)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515010429)+4 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2024JC-YBQN-0475)Xidian University Specially Funded Project for Interdisciplinary Exploration(No.TZJH2024063)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.QTZX23061)Qinchuangyuan Project(No.QCYRCXM-2022-236)the Innovation Center of Nuclear Power Technology(No.HDLCXZX-2022-ZH-013)
文摘Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)is a promising energy conversion device because of its high efficiency and fuel/oxidant flexibility,enabling the direct conversion of chemical energy to electrical power.By using N_(2)O as an oxidant instead of air,we develop a dual-phase catalyst La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)-Gd_(0.1)Ce_(0.9)O_(2-δ)(LSCF-GDC),which exhibits efficient bifunctionality as a cathode for SOFC,synergistic ally promoting simultaneous N_(2)O decomposition and oxygen reduction kinetics.
文摘Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(usSPIONs)are promising alternatives to gadolinium‐based contrast agents for positive contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Unlike larger SPIONs that primarily function as T2/T2*negative contrast agents,usSPIONs with core diameters below 5 nm can effectively shorten T1 relaxation times,producing bright signals in T1‐weighted images.This distinct behavior stems from their unique magnetic properties,including single‐domain configurations,surface spin canting,and rapid Néel relaxation dynamics,which are particularly enhanced at low magnetic field strengths.The biocompatibility of iron oxide,efficient renal clearance pathways,and versatility for surface functionalization offer potential advantages over gadolinium‐based agents,especially regarding safety concerns related to nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and gadolinium deposition.These nanoparticles show particular promise for applications in lowfield MRI,vascular imaging,targeted molecular imaging,and theranostic platforms.Although challenges remain in optimizing synthesis methods for consistent production of monodisperse usSPIONs with tailored surface chemistry,ongoing research continues to advance their potential for clinical translation.This review explores the mechanisms,synthesis approaches,applications,and future perspectives of usSPIONs as positive contrast agents in MRI.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (29792072, 22278441, 22478452)National Key Research and Development Program of China (937) (2006CB202508)the SINOPEC Project (419019-2, 413108)。
文摘Propylene oxide(PO),with its reactive three-membered epoxide functional group,exhibits remarkable functional versatility and serves as a crucial bridge connecting the gaps between fossil energy utilization and chemical intermediate generation for new material innovation [1].For instance,PO's downstream derivatives,such as polyether polyols,carbonic esters,and polyurethanes,are widely utilized in wind power generation,battery electrolytes,solar cells,and CO_(2)-based degradable polymers,contributing to sustainable decarbonization in industry [2].
文摘Nitric oxide(NO)is a gaseous molecule produced by 3 different NO synthase(NOS)isoforms:Neural/brain NOS(nNOS/bNOS,type 1),endothelial NOS(eNOS,type 3)and inducible NOS(type 2).Type 1 and 3 NOS are constitutively expressed.NO can serve different purposes:As a vasoactive molecule,as a neurotransmitter or as an immunomodulator.It plays a key role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury(CIRI).Hypoxic episodes simulate the production of oxygen free radicals,leading to mitochondrial and phospholipid damage.Upon reperfusion,increased levels of oxygen trigger oxide synthases;whose products are associated with neuronal damage by promoting lipid peroxidation,nitrosylation and excitotoxicity.Molecular pathways in CIRI can be altered by NOS.Neuroprotective effects are observed with eNOS activity.While nNOS interplay is prone to endothelial inflammation,oxidative stress and apoptosis.Therefore,nNOS appears to be detrimental.The interaction between NO and other free radicals develops peroxynitrite;which is a cytotoxic agent.It plays a main role in the likelihood of hemorrhagic events by tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA).Peroxynitrite scavengers are currently being studied as potential targets to prevent hemorrhagic transformation in CIRI.
基金funded by the National Science Centre,Poland,on the basis of the decision number UMO-2020/37/B/ST8/02097supported by the program“Excellence Initiative-Research University”for the AGH University of Krakow(IDUB AGH,No.501.696.7996,Action 4,ID 9880).
文摘Multicomponent Gd_(1−x)Sm_(x)Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoCuO_(5+δ)double perovskites are optimized for application in terms of chemical composi-tion and morphology for the use as oxygen electrodes in solid oxide cells.Structural studies of other physicochemical properties are con-ducted on a series of materials obtained by the sol-gel method with different ratios of Gd and Sm cations.It is documented that changing the x value,and the resulting adjustment of the average ionic radius,have a significant impact on the crystal structure,stability,as well as on the total conductivity and thermomechanical properties of the materials,with the best results obtained for the Gd_(0.75)Sm_(0.2)5Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoCuO_(5+δ)composition.Oxygen electrodes are prepared using the selected compound,allowing to obtain low polarization resistance values,such as 0.086Ω·cm^(2)at 800℃.Systematic studies of electrocatalytic activity are conducted using La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(_(0.2))O_(3−δ)as the electrolyte for all electrodes,and Ce_(0.8)Gd_(0.2)O_(2−δ)electrolyte for the best performing Gd_(0.75)Sm_(0.2)5Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoCuO_(5+δ)electrodes.The electrochemical data are analyzed using the distribution of relaxation times method.Also,the influence of the preparation method of the electrode material is in-ve`stigated using the electrospinning technique.Finally,the performance of the Gd_(0.75)Sm_(0.2)5Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoCuO_(5+δ)electrodes is tested in a Ni-YSZ(yttria-stabilized zirconia)anode-supported cell with a Ce_(0.8)Gd_(0.2)O_(2−δ)buffer layer,in the fuel cell and electrolyzer operating modes.With the electrospun electrode,a power density of 462 mW·cm^(−2)is obtained at 700℃,with a current density of ca.0.2 A·cm^(−2)at 1.3 V for the electrolysis at the same temperature,indicating better performance compared to the sol-gel-based electrode.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFB4007501)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240109)the project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Clean Utilization of Carbon Resources(No.BM2024007).
文摘Low-concentration coal mine methane(LC-CMM),which is predominantly composed of methane,serves as a clean and low-carbon energy resource with significant potential for utilization.Utilizing LC-CMM as fuel for solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)represents an efficient and promising strategy for its effective utilization.However,direct application in Ni-based anodes induces carbon deposition,which severely degrades cell performance.Herein,a medium-entropy oxide Sr_(2)FeNi_(0.1)Cr_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Mo_(0.3)O_(6−δ)(SFNCMM)was developed as an anode internal reforming catalyst.Following reduction treatment,FeNi_(3) nano-alloy particles precipitate on the surface of the material,thereby significantly enhancing its catalytic activity for LC-CMM reforming process.The catalyst achieved a methane conversion rate of 53.3%,demonstrating excellent catalytic performance.Electrochemical evaluations revealed that SFNCMM-Gd_(0.1)Ce_(0.9)O_(2−δ)(GDC)with a weight ratio of 7:3 exhibited superior electrochemical performance when employed as the anodic catalytic layer.With H_(2) and LC-CMM as fuels,the single cell achieved maximum power densities of 1467.32 and 1116.97 mW·cm^(−2) at 800℃,respectively,with corresponding polarization impedances of 0.17 and 1.35Ω·cm^(2).Furthermore,the single cell maintained stable operation for over 100 h under LC-CMM fueling without significant carbon deposition,confirming its robust resistance to carbon formation.These results underscore the potential of medium-entropy oxides as highly effective catalytic layers for mitigating carbon deposition in SOFCs.
基金supported by the research project within the program“Excellence Initiative-Research University”for the AGH University of Krakow(IDUB AGH,Action 21)Kun Zheng acknowledges financial support from AGH University of Krakow(No.16.16.210.476).
文摘Minimizing the thermal expansion coefficient(TEC)mismatch between the cathode and electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells is crucial for achieving stable,durable operation and high performance.Recently,materials with negative thermal expansion(NTE)have at-tracted significant attention as effective additives for tailoring the thermomechanical properties of electrodes and enhancing cell durability.In this work,for the first time,single-phase NTE perovskite Sm_(0.85)Zn_(0.15)MnO_(3−δ)(SZM15)was successfully synthesized via the sol-gel method,eliminating the unwanted ZnO phase typically observed in materials obtained through the conventional solid-state reaction route.The sol-gel approach proved highly advantageous,offering low cost,robustness,excellent chemical homogeneity,precise compositional control,and high phase purity.After optimization of synthesis parameters,a negative TEC of approximately−6.5×10^(−6)K^(−1)was achieved in the 400-850℃range.SZM15 was then incorporated as an additive(10wt%-50wt%)into a SmBa0.5Sr0.5CoCuO_(5+δ)(SBSCCO)cathode to tune the thermomechanical properties with a La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)O_(3−δ)(LSGM)electrolyte,achieving a minimal TEC mismatch of only 1%.Notably,the SBSCCO+10wt%SZM15 composite cathode exhibited the lowest polarization resistance of 0.019Ω·cm^(2)at 900℃,showing approximately 70%lower than that of the pristine cathode.Excellent long-term stability after 100 h of operation was achieved.In addition,a high peak power density of 680 mW·cm^(−2)was achieved in a Ni-YSZ(yttria-stabilized zirconia)|YSZ|Ce_(0.9)Gd_(0.1)O_(2−δ)(GDC10)|SBSCCO+10wt%SZM15 anode-supported fuel cell at 850℃,highlighting the effectiveness of incorporating NTE materials as a promising strategy for regulating the thermomechanical properties and improving the long-term stability of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells(IT-SOFCs).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2019YFE0121200(to LQZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82325017(to LQZ),82030032(to LQZ),82261138555(to DL)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,No.2022CFA004(to LQZ)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,No.20224BAB206040(to XZ)Research Project of Cognitive Science and Transdisciplinary Studies Center of Jiangxi Province,No.RZYB202201(to XZ).
文摘With an increase in global aging,the number of people affected by cerebrovascular diseases is also increasing,and the incidence of vascular dementia-closely related to cerebrovascular risk-is increasing at an epidemic rate.However,few therapeutic options exist that can markedly improve the cognitive impairment and prognosis of vascular dementia patients.Similarly in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological disorders,synaptic dysfunction is recognized as the main reason for cognitive decline.Nitric oxide is one of the ubiquitous gaseous cellular messengers involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes of the central nervous system.Recently,nitric oxide has been implicated in regulating synaptic plasticity and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia.This review introduces in detail the emerging role of nitric oxide in physiological and pathological states of vascular dementia and summarizes the diverse effects of nitric oxide on different aspects of synaptic dysfunction,neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,and blood-brain barrier dysfunction that underlie the progress of vascular dementia.Additionally,we propose that targeting the nitric oxide-sGC-cGMP pathway using certain specific approaches may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular dementia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51971157)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20210324115412035,JCYJ202103-24123202008,JCYJ20210324122803009 and ZDS-YS20210813095534001)Guangdong Foundation for Basic and Applied Basic Research Program(2021A1515110880).
文摘In pursuit of more efficient and stable electrochemical energy storage materials,composite materials consisting of metal oxides and graphene oxide have garnered significant attention due to their unique structures and exceptional properties.Graphene oxide(GO),a two-dimensional material with an extremely high specific surface area and excellent conductivity,offers new possibilities for enhancing the electrochemical performance of metal oxides.In this work,we synthesized met-al-organic framework(MOF)and GO composites by regulating the amount of GO,and successfully prepared composites of metal oxides supported by nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks and GO through a simple one-step calcination process.Based on the electrochemical tests,the optimal amount of GO was determined.This research will provide new insights into and directions for designing and synthesizing metal oxide and graphene oxide composite materials with an ideal electro-chemical performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31900005)the Fund of Science and Technology Department of Henan Province(242102231001,242102320362,242102320157)+1 种基金the Fund of Program for Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)in University of Henan Province(23IRTSTHN009)Fund of Key Scientific Research Projects of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(22A150048)。
文摘By enhancing surface interaction between metal oxide particles and carbon-based materials,it can effectively improve Faraday capacitance and conductivity,ultimately achieving high energy density with sufficient redox reactions in supercapacitors.Through a gentle biomineralization process and subsequent thermal reduction strategy,we successfully prepared the graphene oxide(GO)wrapping mixed-valence manganese oxides(MnO_(x))and S,P self-codoped carbon matrix porous composite(MnO_(x)@SPC@reduced graphene oxide(RGO)).During the biomineralization process of engineered Pseudomonas sp.(Ml)cells,GO nanosheets functioned as the'soil'to adsorb Mn^(2+)ion and uniformly disperse biogenic Mn oxides(BMO).After undergoing annealing,the MnO_(x) nanoparticles were evenly wrapped with graphene,resulting in the creation of the MnO_(x)@SPC@RGO3 composite.This composite possesses strong C—O—Mn bond interfaces,numerous electroactive sites,and a uniform pore structure.By optimizing the synergistic interaction between the highly conductive graphene and the remarkable surface capacitance of MnO_(x),the MnO_(x)@SPC@RGO3 electrode,with its intercalation Faraday reactions mechanism of■transformations,exhibits an outstanding specific capacity(448.3 F·g^(-1)at 0.5 A·g^(-1)),multiplying performance(340.5 F·g^(-1)at10 A·g^(-1)),and cycling stability(93.8%retention after 5000 cycles).Moreover,the asymmetric all-solidstate supercapacitors of MnO_(x)@SPC@RGO3//PC exhibit an exceptional energy density of 64.8 W·h·kg^(-1)and power density of 350 W·kg^(-1),as well as a long lifespan with capacitance retention of 92.5%after10000 cycles.In conclusion,the synthetic route utilizing biomineralization and thermal reduction exhibits significant potential for exploiting high-performance electrode materials in all-solid-state supercapacitor applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2032157, 22209061)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20201425)the Start-up Fund for Senior Talents in Jiangsu University(21JDG060)。
文摘Polycrystalline perovskite oxide particles are promising candidates for cathode materials in solid oxide fuel cells.However,their limited activity and stability pose significant challenges for practical applications.In this study,we demonstrate a novel approach to achieve both high activity and durability in a PrBaCo_(2)O_(5+δ) catalyst through a simple epitaxial layer growth strategy.We found that an amorphous precursor of the highly durable catalyst SmBa_(0.5)Ca_(0.5)CoCuO_(5+δ) can spontaneously adhere to the surface of PrBaCo_(2)O_(5+δ) particles.Upon heat treatment,it grows along the perovskite lattice,forming a heteroepitaxial layer with just a few atomic layers thickness.This heterostructure enhances the operational stability of PrBaCo_(2)O_(5+δ) transforming a 78% decrease over 100 h into a 7% increase.After 100 h,the power output density of the cell with the modified sample is more than 500% higher than that of unmodified PrBaCo_(2)O_(5+δ.)This work presents a new strategy for fabricating heteroepitaxial layers on polycrystalline ceramic catalysts and introduces a pioneering approach for developing high-performance oxygen reduction catalysts and related materials.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB4002502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22279057)。
文摘Solid oxide cells(SOCs)are attractive electrochemical energy conversion/storage technologies for electricity/green hydrogen production because of the high efficiencies,all-solid structure,and superb reversibility.Nevertheless,the widespread applications of SOCs are remarkably restricted by the inferior stability and high material costs induced by the high operational temperatures(600-800℃).Tremendous research efforts have been devoted to suppressing the operating temperatures of SOCs to decrease the overall costs and enhance the long-term durability.However,fuel electrodes as key components in SOCs suffer from insufficient(electro)catalytic activity and inferior impurity tolerance/redox resistance at reduced temperatures.Nanostructures and relevant nanomaterials exhibit great potential to boost the performance of fuel electrodes for low-temperature(LT)-SOCs due to the unique surface/interface properties,enlarged active sites,and strong interaction.Herein,an in-time review about advances in the design and fabrication of nanostructured fuel electrodes for LT-SOCs is presented by emphasizing the crucial role of nanostructure construction in boosting the performance of fuel electrodes and the relevant/distinct material design strategies.The main achievements,remaining challenges,and research trends about the development of nanostructured fuel electrodes in LT-SOCs are also presented,aiming to offer important insights for the future development of energy storage/conversion technologies.
基金support from the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University,Saudi Arabia(RGP2/505/45)。
文摘Neodymium chromium oxide(NdCrO_(3))and NdCrO_(3)/graphene oxide(GO)nanocomposite were synthesized via sol-gel and co-precipitation techniques for being used in high-perfo rmance supercapacitors and for the possible application in ultraviolet(UV)materials.Herein the systematic synthesis approach was adopted,which enhances the optical and electrical properties of the grown wide band-gap composite nanomaterial.Structural characterization of the grown materials was attempted using X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Most importantly the electrochemical analysis of the grown samples was carried out by employing a glassy carbon electrode and 3 mol/L KOH electrolyte,which demonstrates significant improvements in a specific capacitance of approximately360 F/g,an energy density of approximately 18 Wh/kg,and a maximum power density of approximately 257 W/kg,respectively.Moreover,NdCrO_(3)/GO nanocomposite maintains a cyclic stability of 97.6%after4000 cycles.Photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy confirms the wide bandgap nature of the NdCrO_(3)and NdCrO_(3)/GO nanocomposite,indicating its potential application in UVC devices.These findings emphasize the potential of the NdCrO_(3)/GO nanocomposite in advancing efficient energy storage solutions and the possibility of being used in UVC technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42207309 and 22306087)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2022JJ40369 and 2023JJ40547)the Program for Education Department of Hunan Province,China(No.21B0405).
文摘The abiotic oxidation of divalentmanganese(Mn(Ⅱ))and the formation of Mn oxides are important geochemical processes,which control the mobility and availability of Mn as well as element cycling and pollutant behavior in soils.It was found that iron(oxyhydr)oxides can catalyze Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation,but the effects of the coexisting dissolved organic matter(DOM)molecules on the catalysis of different iron(oxyhydr)oxides for Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation are poorly understood.Herein,we investigated Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation under the impacts of the interactions between iron(oxyhydr)oxides(i.e.,ferrihydrite,goethite and hematite)and DOM molecules.Simultaneously,we elucidated the variations of DOM composition and properties.Our results indicated that the catalysis of iron(oxyhydr)oxides for Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation was significantly inhibited by DOM.Moreover,DOM had less inhibiting effect on the catalysis of ferrihydrite for Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation and the formation of Mn oxides(e.g.,hausmannite and buserite)relative to goethite and hematite,whichwas partially because of the higher electron transfer capacities of ferrihydrite.Meanwhile,DOM molecules with high nominal oxidation state of carbon(NOSC),molecular weight,unsaturation and aromaticity were selectively adsorbed and oxidized by Mn oxides,including the oxygenated phenols and polyphenols.The newly formed molecules mainly belonged to phenols depleted of oxygen and aliphatics.Furthermore,NOSC was a key molecular characteristic for controlling DOM composition during DOM adsorption and oxidation by Mn oxides when iron minerals were present.Overall,our research contributes to understanding Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation mechanisms under heterogeneous systems and behaviors of DOM molecules in the environment.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3707201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52320105003)+1 种基金the Informatization Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.CAS-WX2023PY-0103)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.E3ET1803).
文摘Nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),as an important gas affecting climate warming,is attracting attention from allwalks of life.This reviewaddresses N_(2)O emissions status in the adipic acid industry,a significant industrial greenhouse gas source.It elucidates the N_(2)O emission mechanism and influencing factors in adipic acid production.It extensively evaluates N_(2)O emission accounting methods,including Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)Guidelines,World Resources Institute(WRI)Protocol,and others.While the IPCC emission factor method offers simplicity and comparability,it may lack precision for facilities with advanced emission reduction measures.To address this,a combined modeling and monitoring approach is advocated.It scrutinizes modeling methods(statistical techniques,Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies,and Life-cycle Assessment)and highlights their reliance on specific data and perspectives.It emphasizes the growing importance of on-site monitoring with mid-IR technology.Additionally,it underscores the potential of aircraft-based and satellite remote sensing for comprehensive N_(2)O emissions data.The reviewalso highlights recent advancements in emission mitigation,particularly in adipic acid synthesis techniques,showing substantial potential for N_(2)O reduction.Innovative paradigms and strategies for N_(2)O mitigation in the adipic acid industry are presented,with a focus on achieving nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))-free production.These approaches hold promise for emission reduction,given the high removal efficiency in plant end-of-treatment processes.Various accounting methods,monitoring techniques,and mitigation strategies were integrated and analyzed to provides a comprehensive overview of N_(2)O emissions in the adipic acid industry,with the aim of guiding future research and policy initiatives.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81000201.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(ESCA)is among the most prevalent and lethal tumors globally.While nitric oxide synthase 1(NOS1)is recognized for its important in-volvement in various cancers,its specific function in ESCA remains unclear.AIM To explore the potential role and underlying mechanisms of NOS1 in ESCA.METHODS Survival rates were analyzed using GeneCards and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis.The effects and mechanisms of NOS1 on ESCA cells were evaluated via the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay,scratch assay,Transwell assay,flow cytometry,quantitative polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling staining.The protein interaction network was used to screen the interacting proteins of NOS1 and validate these interactions through co-immuno-precipitation and dual luciferase assays.Additionally,a nude mouse xenograft model was established to evaluate the effect of NOS1 in vivo.RESULTS The survival rate of patients with ESCA with high NOS1 expression was higher than that of patients with low NOS1 expression.NOS1 expression in ESCA cell lines was lower than that in normal esophageal epithelial cells.Overexpression of NOS1(oe-NOS1)inhibited proliferation,invasion,and migration abilities in ESCA cell lines,resulting in decreased autophagy levels and increased apoptosis,pyroptosis,and ferroptosis.Protein interaction studies confirmed the interaction between NOS1 and NOS1 adaptor protein(NOS1AP).Following oe-NOS1 and the silencing of NOS1AP,levels of P62 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta increased both in vitro and in vivo.Furthermore,the expression levels of E-cadherin,along with the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)and protein kinase B(AKT),were inhibited in ESCA cell lines.CONCLUSION NOS1 and NOS1 proteins interact to suppress autophagy,activate the PI3K/AKT pathway,and exert anti-cancer effects in ESCA.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3504503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52274355)the Gansu Province Science and Technology Major Special Project,China(22ZD6GD061).
文摘Precipitation is often used for the preparation of La(OH)_(3)with precipitants of liquid alkali and ammonia.To solve the problems of high cost and wastewater pollution caused by common precipitants,the active MgO synthesized by pyrolysis was used as the precipitant to prepare La(OH)_(3).The species distribution of LaCl_(3)and LaCl_(3)-MgCl_(2)mixed system solution was calculated,and the kinetic analysis of the precipi-tation process was carried out to confirm the key factors influencing the precipitation of La(OH)_(3).The results show that La(OH)_(3)with D_(50)of 5.57μm,a specific surface area of 25.70 m^(2)/g,a rod-like shape,and MgO content of 0.044 wt%,was successfully prepared by adding active MgO.The precipitation ratio of La reaches 99.92%.The La(OH)_(3)precipitation is controlled by the diffusion process.The activity of MgO has a significant influence on MgO content in the precipitate.The preparation of La(OH)_(3)by active MgO provides a potential way for an eco-friendly preparation method of rare earth.
