The involvement of small RNAs in cotton fiber development is under explored.The objective of this work was to directly clone,annotate,and analyze small RNAs of developing ovules to reveal
An increasing number of microRNAs （miRNAs） have been shown to play crucial regulatory roles in the process of plant development. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing combined with computational analysis to chara...An increasing number of microRNAs （miRNAs） have been shown to play crucial regulatory roles in the process of plant development. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing combined with computational analysis to characterize miRNAomes from the ovules of wild-type upland cotton and a fiberless mutant during fiber initiation. Comparative miR- NAome analysis combined with northern blotting and RACE-PCR revealed seven fiber initiation-related miRNAs expressed in cotton ovules and experimentally validated targets of these miRNAs are involved in different cellular responses and metabolic processes, including transcriptional regulation, auxin and gibberellin signal transduction, actin bundles, and lignin biosynthesis. This paper describes a complex regulatory network consisting of these miRNAs expressed in cotton ovules to coordinate fiber initiation responses. In addition, 36 novel miRNAs and two conserved miRNAs were newly iden- tified, nearly doubling the number of known cotton miRNA families to a total of 78. Furthermore, a chromatin remodeling complex subunit and a pre-mRNA splicing factor are shown for the first time to be miRNA targets. To our knowledge, this study is the first systematic investigation of fiber initiation-related miRNAs and their targets in the developing cotton ovule, deepening our understanding of the important regulatory functions of miRNAs in cotton fiber initiation.展开更多
Background Ovarian follicular fluid(FF)is a dynamic environment that changes with the seasons,affecting follicle development,ovulation,and oocyte quality.Cells in the follicles release tiny particles called extracellu...Background Ovarian follicular fluid(FF)is a dynamic environment that changes with the seasons,affecting follicle development,ovulation,and oocyte quality.Cells in the follicles release tiny particles called extracellular vesicles(EVs)containing vital regulatory molecules,such as microRNAs(miRNAs).These miRNAs are pivotal in facilitating commu-nication within the follicles through diverse signaling and information transfer forms.EV-coupled miRNA signaling is implicated to be associated with ovarian function,follicle and oocyte growth and response to various environmen-tal insults.Herein,we investigated how seasonal variations directly influence the ovulatory and anovulatory states of ovarian follicles and how are they associated with follicular fluid EV-coupled miRNA dynamics in horses.Results Ultrasonographic monitoring and follicular fluid aspiration of preovulatory follicles in horses during the ano-vulatory(spring:non-breeding)and ovulatory(spring,summer,and fall:breeding)seasons and subsequent EV isola-tion and miRNA profiling identified significant variation in EV-miRNA cargo content.We identified 97 miRNAs with dif-ferential expression among the groups and specific clusters of miRNAs involved in the spring transition(miR-149,-200b,-206,-221,-328,and-615)and peak breeding period(including miR-143,-192,-451,-302b,-100,and let-7c).Bioinformatic analyses showed enrichments in various biological functions,e.g.,transcription factor activity,transcrip-tion and transcription regulation,nucleic acid binding,sequence-specific DNA binding,p53 signaling,and post-trans-lational modifications.Cluster analyses revealed distinct sets of significantly up-and down-regulated miRNAs associ-ated with spring anovulatory(Cluster 1)and summer ovulation–the peak breeding season(Clusters 4 and 6).Conclusions The findings from the current study shed light on the dynamics of FF-EV-coupled miRNAs in relation to equine ovulatory and anovulatory seasons,and their roles in understanding the mechanisms involved in seasonal shifts and ovulation during the breeding season warrant further investigation.展开更多
Reactive oxygen species(ROS)and nitric oxide(NO)are two critical classes of signaling molecules that regulate plant development and stress responses.The intracellular level of S-nitrosoglutathione(GSNO),a major bioact...Reactive oxygen species(ROS)and nitric oxide(NO)are two critical classes of signaling molecules that regulate plant development and stress responses.The intracellular level of S-nitrosoglutathione(GSNO),a major bioactive NO species,is regulated by the highly conserved GSNO reductase(GSNOR).However,the molecular mechanisms underlying ROS-mediated regulation of GSNOR remain largely unclear.Here,we show that H_(2)O_(2)negatively regulates the activity of GSNOR1 during ovule development in Arabidopsis.S-sulfenylation of GSNOR1 at Cys-284 inhibits its enzymatic activity.A GSNOR1C284S mutation causes a reduction of the total SNO level in pistils,thereby disrupting NO homeostasis and eventually leading to defective ovule development.These findings illustrate a unique mechanism by which ROS regulates ovule development through S-sulfenylation-mediated inhibition of the GSNOR activity,thereby establishing a molecular link between ROS and NO signaling pathways in reproductive development.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)play critical roles in regulating gene expression in plants,yet their functions underlying cultivated diploid Gossypium arboreum cotton ovule development are largely unknown.Here,we acquired small RNA...MicroRNAs(miRNAs)play critical roles in regulating gene expression in plants,yet their functions underlying cultivated diploid Gossypium arboreum cotton ovule development are largely unknown.Here,we acquired small RNA profiles from G.arboreum ovules and fibers collected at different growth stages,and identified 46 novel miRNAs that accounted for 23.7%of all miRNAs in G.arboreum reported in the latest plant sRNA database.Through analysis of 84(including 38 conserved)differentially expressed G.arboreum miRNAs,we detected 215 putative protein-coding genes in 26 biological processes as their potential targets.A Malvaceae-specific novel miRNA named gar-miRN44 was found to likely regulate cotton ovule growth by targeting to a newly duplicated Zn^(2+)ion transporter gene GaZIP1L.During cotton ovule development,gar-miRN44 transcript level decreased sharply after 10 to 15 days post-anthesis(DPA),while that of the GaZIP1L increased significantly,with a concomitant increase of Zn^(2+)ion concentration in late ovule developmental stages.Molecular dynamics simulation and ion absorption analysis showed that GaZIP1L has stronger Zn2+ion binding ability than the original GaZIP1,indicating that the newly evolved GaZIP1L may be more suitable for maintaining high Zn2+ion transport capacity that is likely required for cotton ovule growth via enhanced cellulose synthase activities.Our systematic miRNA profiling in G.arboreum and characterization of gar-miRN44 not only contribute to the understanding of miRNA function in cotton,but also provide potential targets for plant breeding.展开更多
Background In poultry, the smooth transition of follicles from the preovulatory-to-postovulatory phase impacts egg production in hens and can benefit the poultry industry. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying ...Background In poultry, the smooth transition of follicles from the preovulatory-to-postovulatory phase impacts egg production in hens and can benefit the poultry industry. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying follicular ovulation in avians is a complex biological process that remains unclear.Results Critical biochemical events involved in ovulation in domestic chickens(Gallus gallus) were evaluated by transcriptomics, proteomics, and in vitro assays. Comparative transcriptome analyses of the largest preovulatory follicle(F1) and postovulatory follicle(POF1) in continuous laying(CL) and intermittent laying(IL) chickens indicated the greatest difference between CL_F1 and IL_F1, with 950 differentially expressed genes(DEGs), and the smallest difference between CL_POF1 and IL_POF1, with 14 DEGs. Additionally, data-independent acquisition proteomics revealed 252 differentially abundant proteins between CL_F1 and IL_F1. Perivitelline membrane synthesis, steroid biosynthesis, lysosomes, and oxidative phosphorylation were identified as pivotal pathways contributing to ovulation regulation. In particular, the regulation of zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3, plasminogen activator, cathepsin A, and lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA) was shown to be essential for ovulation. Furthermore, the inhibition of LDHA decreased cell viability and promoted apoptosis of ovarian follicles in vitro.Conclusions This study reveals several important biochemical events involved in the process of ovulation, as well as crucial role of LDHA. These findings improve our understanding of ovulation and its regulatory mechanisms in avian species.展开更多
Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is the second most widely grown premium oilseed crop globally,mainly for its vegetable oil and protein meal.One of the main goals of breeders is producing high-yield rapeseed cultivars with ...Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is the second most widely grown premium oilseed crop globally,mainly for its vegetable oil and protein meal.One of the main goals of breeders is producing high-yield rapeseed cultivars with sustainable production to meet the requirements of the fast-growing population.Besides the pod number,seeds per silique(SS),and thousand-seed weight(TSW),the ovule number(ON)is a decisive yield determining factor of individual plants and the final seed yield.In recent years,tremendous efforts have been made to dissect the genetic and molecular basis of these complex traits,but relatively few genes or loci controlling these traits have been reported thus far.This review highlights the updated information on the hormonal and molecular basis of ON and development in model plants(Arabidopsis thaliana).It also presents what is known about the hormonal,molecular,and genetic mechanism of ovule development and number,and bridges our understanding between the model plant species(A.thaliana)and cultivated species(B.napus).This report will open new pathways for primary and applied research in plant biology and benefit rapeseed breeding programs.This synopsis will stimulate research interest to further understand ovule number determination,its role in yield improvement,and its possible utilization in breeding programs.展开更多
Background SRO(Similar to RCD1)genes family is largely recognized for their importance in the growth,develop-ment,and in responding to environmental stresses.However,genome-wide identification and functional character...Background SRO(Similar to RCD1)genes family is largely recognized for their importance in the growth,develop-ment,and in responding to environmental stresses.However,genome-wide identification and functional characteri-zation of SRO genes from cotton species have not been reported so far.Results A total of 36 SRO genes were identified from four cotton species.Phylogenetic analysis divided these genes into three groups with distinct structure.Syntenic and chromosomal distribution analysis indicated uneven distribu-tion of GaSRO,GrSRO,GhSRO,and GbSRO genes on A2,D5 genomes,Gh-At,Gh-Dt,Gb-At,and Gb-Dt subgenomes,respectively.Gene duplication analysis revealed the presence of six duplicated gene pairs among GhSRO genes.In promoter analysis,several elements responsive to the growth,development and hormones were found in GhSRO genes,implying gene induction during cotton growth and development.Several miRNAs responsive to plant growth and abiotic stress were predicted to target 12 GhSRO genes.Organ-specific expression profiling demonstrated the roles of GhSRO genes in one or more tissues.In addition,specific expression pattern of some GhSRO genes dur-ing ovule development depicted their involvement in these developmental processes.Conclusion The data presented in this report laid a foundation for understanding the classification and functions of SRO genes in cotton.展开更多
Objective: Since not all women wish to conceive a child through aggressive treatment, we investigated the usefulness of modified repeated intracyclic clomiphene citrate (CC) therapy (repeated CC therapy) as a newly de...Objective: Since not all women wish to conceive a child through aggressive treatment, we investigated the usefulness of modified repeated intracyclic clomiphene citrate (CC) therapy (repeated CC therapy) as a newly devised administration method. Methods: We evaluated the effects of CC administration on menstrual cycle length and retrospectively compared ovulation and pregnancy in 220 women who received CC at our hospital. Patients in the conventional method group received 50 mg per day for five days, starting on the fifth day of menstruation (withdrawal bleeding). Groups with and without menstrual cycle shortening after conventional CC administration were compared. The repeated CC therapy group was also compared with the non-shortened group. Repeated CC therapy was administered for the first five days as in the conventional method, and a second five-day repeat treatment was administered after an interval of five to seven days. Pregnancy rates, including indirect pregnancies, were evaluated by three different methods. Results: Ovulation and pregnancy rates were significantly better in the shortened group than in the non-shortened group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). Even in the non-shortened group, ovulation and pregnancy rates including indirect pregnancies were significantly improved when ovulation was observed with repeated CC therapy (P < 0.001 and P = 0.022, respectively). Conclusions: For patients whose menstrual cycle was not improved or shortened, repeated CC therapy as the newly devised CC administration method is useful as the next step after the conventional CC administration method.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to determine the collection standard of cotton ovules on different days before flowering,and then to more clearly study the changes in gene expression of cotton ovules before and after blooming....[Objective]The aim was to determine the collection standard of cotton ovules on different days before flowering,and then to more clearly study the changes in gene expression of cotton ovules before and after blooming.[Method]The standard to distinguish ovules in Xinluzao 13 on different days before flowering was defined by the length and width of alabasterum and sepal.[Result]The alabasterum length increased gradually with approaching of flowering time,while other parameters did not show the same tendency.Therefore,the alabasterum length was chosen as the standard to determine the ovules on different days before flowering.The results of statistics analysis revealed that the alabstrums with length of 1.0-1.2,1.3-1.5 cm and more than 1.7 cm respectively were determined as the standards for ovules collection on 5,3 and 1 d before flowering.[Conclusion]This study will provide not only the reference data for the collection of ovules sample in the following experiment,but also the basis for more precisely detecting the changes in gene expression of ovules before and after flowering.展开更多
Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of combined traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy with acupoint injection and herbal patch application on patients with ovulatory dysfunction associated with polycysti...Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of combined traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy with acupoint injection and herbal patch application on patients with ovulatory dysfunction associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: A total of 80 PCOS patients who received treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine between October 2022 and March 2024 were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into a control group (n = 40) and an observation group (n = 40). The control group received conventional Western medical treatments, while the observation group was administered TCM combined with acupoint injection and herbal patch application. Pre- and post-treatment conditions were compared between the two groups. Results: After treatment, the overall effective rate was significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group (P 0.05). Following treatment, both ovulation and pregnancy rates increased in both groups, but the increase was more evident in the observation group, showing a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). Conclusion: For patients with oligoovulation or anovulation due to PCOS, the combined use of TCM, acupoint injection, and herbal patch application appears to be effective in improving systemic symptoms and achieving notable clinical outcomes.展开更多
Pollen morphology and hydration, ovule development, formation of pollination drop and the pollination process of Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehd were investigated in detail. The results showed that mature pollen was ...Pollen morphology and hydration, ovule development, formation of pollination drop and the pollination process of Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehd were investigated in detail. The results showed that mature pollen was one_celled, irregular in shape, nonsaccate, and the surface was covered with orbicules. When pollen became hydrated, the intine swelled and the exine bursted. The exine usually remained on the surface of water or on the pollination drop all the time, while the rest portion of the pollen sank into the drop of water or the pollination drop. In the late August, the down_curved female buds could be observed in the field trees. The downturning of the female buds was an characteristic feature discriminating from the vegetative buds. At this stage ovular primordium was present in the female bud with a dome_shaped nucellar primordium encircled by a rudimentary integument. The integument grew fast and overgrew the nucellus. In the March of the following year, the ovule formed a micropylar canal about 1?000 μm in length, 200-300 μm in width. Except the micropyle, the other part of the ovule was enclosed by 20-25 scales. During the early stage of the ovule development, the nucellar surface clearly showed cell configuration; but a membrane_like structure covering the nucellar apex appeared in the late stage of the ovule development, and subsequently broke down with nucellar cell disintegration before pollen shedding. The disintegrated cell products might partake in the formation of the pollination drop. Before and during pollination, the nucellar cells contained abundant mitochondria, endospermic reticulum and dictysomes with vesicles; the plasma membrane was undulated and there was no accumulation of electron_dense substances in the pericytoplasm. Pollination drops usually occurred at night, and disappeared by noon in the field tree. 15 days before pollination, the in vitro ovules from the field trees already had the capability of producing pollination drops, which could last for 4-5 days indoors. However, after these drops received pollen, they did not withdraw noticeably compared with the unpollinated ones. The retraction of the pollination drop was presumed not to be a nonmetabolic outcome but rather a result of evaporation.展开更多
Objective To observe clinical effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on inducing ovulation. Methods Forty cases of anovulatory infertility were treated with electroacupuncture and moxibustion at Zigong （子宫 EX-CA 1）...Objective To observe clinical effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on inducing ovulation. Methods Forty cases of anovulatory infertility were treated with electroacupuncture and moxibustion at Zigong （子宫 EX-CA 1）, Guanyuan （元关 CV 4） and Zhongji （中极 CV 3） as well as Linggui Bafa therapy, 30 min each time, once a day for 15 days. One menstrual cycle made a session, and totally 3 sessions were required. The level of follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）, luteinizing hormone （LH） and estradiol （E2）, the growth and development situation of follicle and endometrium before and after treatment, spontaneous pregnancy rate during follow-up visit were observed and compared. Results After the treatment, the level of FSH, LH and Ez were signifiacntly increased （all P〈0.05）, the thickness of endometrium and diameter of follicle were obviously increased （both P〈0.05）. As for the spontaneous pregnancy rate during follow- up visit, 9 cases were cured, 25 cases were effective, 6 cases were failed and the total effective rate was 85.0%. Conclusion The acupuncture and moxibustion has better clinical efficacy for anovulatory infertility.展开更多
Recently, whether Archaefructus has bisexual multi-parted flowers or just inflorescences of unisexual flowers, and whether it is ancestral to all angiosperms or a derived eudicot have been debated. Here, from the same...Recently, whether Archaefructus has bisexual multi-parted flowers or just inflorescences of unisexual flowers, and whether it is ancestral to all angiosperms or a derived eudicot have been debated. Here, from the same Yixian Formation, NE China, we report a new Archaefructus species, A. eoflora sp. nov., with the generic characteristics of dissected leaves and bisexual reproductive axes. It is entirely preserved with roots, rhizome, shoots and protogynous reproductive organs at different developmental stages. Its lateral and main fertile shoots form a pseudo-indeterminate pattern, while the reproductive branches on the main shoot form a cymose inflorescence. Subtended by 1-2 bract-like leaves, the section of stamen clusters changes into a much shorter section of carpels that have one row of orthotropous ovules. Significantly, one cluster bearing two carpels and one stamen between the two sections demonstrates a true bisexual flower, an important step of the origin of floral bisexuality, and the homology between the stamen and carpel. The complex reproductive axes represent a mix between flowers and inflorescences, and suggest that A. eoflora sp. nov. possesses the potential to evolve into a variety of diverse flower types as found in modern basal and early fossil angiosperms. A comparison with other two species also leads to a revision of the generic diagnosis.展开更多
Seed cone in Platycladus orientalis (L.) France consists of four or five pairs of decussate bracts. Usually, two pairs of the fertile bracts in the middle of the cone subtend six ovules, which initiate in an acropeta...Seed cone in Platycladus orientalis (L.) France consists of four or five pairs of decussate bracts. Usually, two pairs of the fertile bracts in the middle of the cone subtend six ovules, which initiate in an acropetal manner. Only one ovule presents on each of the upper fertile bract, while two ovules initiate from a common primordium in the axil of lower bracts. In Beijing, most female cones initiated in July. All parts of the cone formed before dormancy, which occurred during November to the next January. After pollination in March, bract morphology changed dramatically; intercalary growth of the bract base formed a conspicuous protuberance, in which inverted vascular system developed. Furthermore, ovules on different pairs of bracts initiated in an acropetal manner and two ovules in each lower fertile bract initiated from a common primordium, which was different from the basipetal initiation of ovules and independently formed single ovule as reported by Takaso in Calltris展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate ovule abortion of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia and its reasons. It was found that in the ovule development period of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia from 15 d after coronal openin...This study was conducted to investigate ovule abortion of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia and its reasons. It was found that in the ovule development period of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia from 15 d after coronal opening, the levels of growth-promoting endogenous hormones in abortive ovules were lower than those in normal ovules, and the level of a growth-inhibiting hormone was always higher than those in normal ovules, indicating that ovule abortion of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia might be related to abnormal endogenous phytohormones in ovules. This study laid a foundation for further study on highly sterile phenomenon of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia seeds.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to manually isolate the microstructures such as ovule and embryo of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. by the non-enzymatic method. [Method] With the gum block and dissecting mic...[Objective] The aim of this study was to manually isolate the microstructures such as ovule and embryo of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. by the non-enzymatic method. [Method] With the gum block and dissecting microscope, its floral characteristics, ovule and embryo were manually isolated and observed by the non-enzymatic method. [Result] C. bursa-pastoris had four calyces, four petals, tetradynamous stamen and silicle, while its embryogenesis contained globular embryo, heart-shaped embryo and torpedo-shaped embryo. [Conclusion] The microstructures such as ovule and embryo of plants become easier to be isolated manually with the viscosity of gum block, which has small damage on embryo or disadvantages of keeping original shapes, and also can used in multi fields studies. This test can also be accomplished in labs with poor experiment facilities.展开更多
文摘The involvement of small RNAs in cotton fiber development is under explored.The objective of this work was to directly clone,annotate,and analyze small RNAs of developing ovules to reveal
基金This work was supported by grants from the State Key Basic Re- search and Development Plan （2010CB126003）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （90608016）, the Hi-Tech Re- search and Development Program of China （2008AA02Z116）, and the National Transgenic Animals and Plants Research Project （2009ZX08009-069B, 2009ZX08005-026B, and 2008ZX08009- 003）.
文摘An increasing number of microRNAs （miRNAs） have been shown to play crucial regulatory roles in the process of plant development. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing combined with computational analysis to characterize miRNAomes from the ovules of wild-type upland cotton and a fiberless mutant during fiber initiation. Comparative miR- NAome analysis combined with northern blotting and RACE-PCR revealed seven fiber initiation-related miRNAs expressed in cotton ovules and experimentally validated targets of these miRNAs are involved in different cellular responses and metabolic processes, including transcriptional regulation, auxin and gibberellin signal transduction, actin bundles, and lignin biosynthesis. This paper describes a complex regulatory network consisting of these miRNAs expressed in cotton ovules to coordinate fiber initiation responses. In addition, 36 novel miRNAs and two conserved miRNAs were newly iden- tified, nearly doubling the number of known cotton miRNA families to a total of 78. Furthermore, a chromatin remodeling complex subunit and a pre-mRNA splicing factor are shown for the first time to be miRNA targets. To our knowledge, this study is the first systematic investigation of fiber initiation-related miRNAs and their targets in the developing cotton ovule, deepening our understanding of the important regulatory functions of miRNAs in cotton fiber initiation.
基金Southern Illinois University,Carbondale,ILMinistry of Higher Education&Scientific Research,Baghdad,Iraq+2 种基金NIFA-USDA Hatch project accession#1016077(Multistate#W4171)USDAARS project 6066-31000-015-00DNIH MS-IDeA network of Biomedical Research Excellence award 5P20GMI03476-19.GMI received a PhD scholarship from the Ministry of Higher Education&Scientific Research,Baghdad,Iraq.
文摘Background Ovarian follicular fluid(FF)is a dynamic environment that changes with the seasons,affecting follicle development,ovulation,and oocyte quality.Cells in the follicles release tiny particles called extracellular vesicles(EVs)containing vital regulatory molecules,such as microRNAs(miRNAs).These miRNAs are pivotal in facilitating commu-nication within the follicles through diverse signaling and information transfer forms.EV-coupled miRNA signaling is implicated to be associated with ovarian function,follicle and oocyte growth and response to various environmen-tal insults.Herein,we investigated how seasonal variations directly influence the ovulatory and anovulatory states of ovarian follicles and how are they associated with follicular fluid EV-coupled miRNA dynamics in horses.Results Ultrasonographic monitoring and follicular fluid aspiration of preovulatory follicles in horses during the ano-vulatory(spring:non-breeding)and ovulatory(spring,summer,and fall:breeding)seasons and subsequent EV isola-tion and miRNA profiling identified significant variation in EV-miRNA cargo content.We identified 97 miRNAs with dif-ferential expression among the groups and specific clusters of miRNAs involved in the spring transition(miR-149,-200b,-206,-221,-328,and-615)and peak breeding period(including miR-143,-192,-451,-302b,-100,and let-7c).Bioinformatic analyses showed enrichments in various biological functions,e.g.,transcription factor activity,transcrip-tion and transcription regulation,nucleic acid binding,sequence-specific DNA binding,p53 signaling,and post-trans-lational modifications.Cluster analyses revealed distinct sets of significantly up-and down-regulated miRNAs associ-ated with spring anovulatory(Cluster 1)and summer ovulation–the peak breeding season(Clusters 4 and 6).Conclusions The findings from the current study shed light on the dynamics of FF-EV-coupled miRNAs in relation to equine ovulatory and anovulatory seasons,and their roles in understanding the mechanisms involved in seasonal shifts and ovulation during the breeding season warrant further investigation.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170312,31830017,and 32200256)State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics(SKLPG2023-22).
文摘Reactive oxygen species(ROS)and nitric oxide(NO)are two critical classes of signaling molecules that regulate plant development and stress responses.The intracellular level of S-nitrosoglutathione(GSNO),a major bioactive NO species,is regulated by the highly conserved GSNO reductase(GSNOR).However,the molecular mechanisms underlying ROS-mediated regulation of GSNOR remain largely unclear.Here,we show that H_(2)O_(2)negatively regulates the activity of GSNOR1 during ovule development in Arabidopsis.S-sulfenylation of GSNOR1 at Cys-284 inhibits its enzymatic activity.A GSNOR1C284S mutation causes a reduction of the total SNO level in pistils,thereby disrupting NO homeostasis and eventually leading to defective ovule development.These findings illustrate a unique mechanism by which ROS regulates ovule development through S-sulfenylation-mediated inhibition of the GSNOR activity,thereby establishing a molecular link between ROS and NO signaling pathways in reproductive development.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31690090 and 31690091 to Y.Z.)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talent(to G.H.).
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs)play critical roles in regulating gene expression in plants,yet their functions underlying cultivated diploid Gossypium arboreum cotton ovule development are largely unknown.Here,we acquired small RNA profiles from G.arboreum ovules and fibers collected at different growth stages,and identified 46 novel miRNAs that accounted for 23.7%of all miRNAs in G.arboreum reported in the latest plant sRNA database.Through analysis of 84(including 38 conserved)differentially expressed G.arboreum miRNAs,we detected 215 putative protein-coding genes in 26 biological processes as their potential targets.A Malvaceae-specific novel miRNA named gar-miRN44 was found to likely regulate cotton ovule growth by targeting to a newly duplicated Zn^(2+)ion transporter gene GaZIP1L.During cotton ovule development,gar-miRN44 transcript level decreased sharply after 10 to 15 days post-anthesis(DPA),while that of the GaZIP1L increased significantly,with a concomitant increase of Zn^(2+)ion concentration in late ovule developmental stages.Molecular dynamics simulation and ion absorption analysis showed that GaZIP1L has stronger Zn2+ion binding ability than the original GaZIP1,indicating that the newly evolved GaZIP1L may be more suitable for maintaining high Zn2+ion transport capacity that is likely required for cotton ovule growth via enhanced cellulose synthase activities.Our systematic miRNA profiling in G.arboreum and characterization of gar-miRN44 not only contribute to the understanding of miRNA function in cotton,but also provide potential targets for plant breeding.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1600902)Key Research and Development Program of Shandong (2022LZGC013)China Agriculture Research System (CARS-40)。
文摘Background In poultry, the smooth transition of follicles from the preovulatory-to-postovulatory phase impacts egg production in hens and can benefit the poultry industry. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying follicular ovulation in avians is a complex biological process that remains unclear.Results Critical biochemical events involved in ovulation in domestic chickens(Gallus gallus) were evaluated by transcriptomics, proteomics, and in vitro assays. Comparative transcriptome analyses of the largest preovulatory follicle(F1) and postovulatory follicle(POF1) in continuous laying(CL) and intermittent laying(IL) chickens indicated the greatest difference between CL_F1 and IL_F1, with 950 differentially expressed genes(DEGs), and the smallest difference between CL_POF1 and IL_POF1, with 14 DEGs. Additionally, data-independent acquisition proteomics revealed 252 differentially abundant proteins between CL_F1 and IL_F1. Perivitelline membrane synthesis, steroid biosynthesis, lysosomes, and oxidative phosphorylation were identified as pivotal pathways contributing to ovulation regulation. In particular, the regulation of zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3, plasminogen activator, cathepsin A, and lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA) was shown to be essential for ovulation. Furthermore, the inhibition of LDHA decreased cell viability and promoted apoptosis of ovarian follicles in vitro.Conclusions This study reveals several important biochemical events involved in the process of ovulation, as well as crucial role of LDHA. These findings improve our understanding of ovulation and its regulatory mechanisms in avian species.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272111)+4 种基金the Special fund for youth team of the Southwest Universities,China(SWU-XJPY202306)the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation,China(CSTB2024NSCQ-LZX0012)the Chongqing Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System,China(COMAITS202304)the Chongqing Germplasm Resource Bank,China(ZWZZ2020004)the Germplasm Creation Special Program of Southwest University,China。
文摘Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is the second most widely grown premium oilseed crop globally,mainly for its vegetable oil and protein meal.One of the main goals of breeders is producing high-yield rapeseed cultivars with sustainable production to meet the requirements of the fast-growing population.Besides the pod number,seeds per silique(SS),and thousand-seed weight(TSW),the ovule number(ON)is a decisive yield determining factor of individual plants and the final seed yield.In recent years,tremendous efforts have been made to dissect the genetic and molecular basis of these complex traits,but relatively few genes or loci controlling these traits have been reported thus far.This review highlights the updated information on the hormonal and molecular basis of ON and development in model plants(Arabidopsis thaliana).It also presents what is known about the hormonal,molecular,and genetic mechanism of ovule development and number,and bridges our understanding between the model plant species(A.thaliana)and cultivated species(B.napus).This report will open new pathways for primary and applied research in plant biology and benefit rapeseed breeding programs.This synopsis will stimulate research interest to further understand ovule number determination,its role in yield improvement,and its possible utilization in breeding programs.
文摘Background SRO(Similar to RCD1)genes family is largely recognized for their importance in the growth,develop-ment,and in responding to environmental stresses.However,genome-wide identification and functional characteri-zation of SRO genes from cotton species have not been reported so far.Results A total of 36 SRO genes were identified from four cotton species.Phylogenetic analysis divided these genes into three groups with distinct structure.Syntenic and chromosomal distribution analysis indicated uneven distribu-tion of GaSRO,GrSRO,GhSRO,and GbSRO genes on A2,D5 genomes,Gh-At,Gh-Dt,Gb-At,and Gb-Dt subgenomes,respectively.Gene duplication analysis revealed the presence of six duplicated gene pairs among GhSRO genes.In promoter analysis,several elements responsive to the growth,development and hormones were found in GhSRO genes,implying gene induction during cotton growth and development.Several miRNAs responsive to plant growth and abiotic stress were predicted to target 12 GhSRO genes.Organ-specific expression profiling demonstrated the roles of GhSRO genes in one or more tissues.In addition,specific expression pattern of some GhSRO genes dur-ing ovule development depicted their involvement in these developmental processes.Conclusion The data presented in this report laid a foundation for understanding the classification and functions of SRO genes in cotton.
文摘Objective: Since not all women wish to conceive a child through aggressive treatment, we investigated the usefulness of modified repeated intracyclic clomiphene citrate (CC) therapy (repeated CC therapy) as a newly devised administration method. Methods: We evaluated the effects of CC administration on menstrual cycle length and retrospectively compared ovulation and pregnancy in 220 women who received CC at our hospital. Patients in the conventional method group received 50 mg per day for five days, starting on the fifth day of menstruation (withdrawal bleeding). Groups with and without menstrual cycle shortening after conventional CC administration were compared. The repeated CC therapy group was also compared with the non-shortened group. Repeated CC therapy was administered for the first five days as in the conventional method, and a second five-day repeat treatment was administered after an interval of five to seven days. Pregnancy rates, including indirect pregnancies, were evaluated by three different methods. Results: Ovulation and pregnancy rates were significantly better in the shortened group than in the non-shortened group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). Even in the non-shortened group, ovulation and pregnancy rates including indirect pregnancies were significantly improved when ovulation was observed with repeated CC therapy (P < 0.001 and P = 0.022, respectively). Conclusions: For patients whose menstrual cycle was not improved or shortened, repeated CC therapy as the newly devised CC administration method is useful as the next step after the conventional CC administration method.
基金Supported by Key Project of 973Program(2004CB117307)Special Transgenic Fund in Department of Agriculture(2009ZX08005-027B)Doctor's Foundation in Corps(2007JC08)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to determine the collection standard of cotton ovules on different days before flowering,and then to more clearly study the changes in gene expression of cotton ovules before and after blooming.[Method]The standard to distinguish ovules in Xinluzao 13 on different days before flowering was defined by the length and width of alabasterum and sepal.[Result]The alabasterum length increased gradually with approaching of flowering time,while other parameters did not show the same tendency.Therefore,the alabasterum length was chosen as the standard to determine the ovules on different days before flowering.The results of statistics analysis revealed that the alabstrums with length of 1.0-1.2,1.3-1.5 cm and more than 1.7 cm respectively were determined as the standards for ovules collection on 5,3 and 1 d before flowering.[Conclusion]This study will provide not only the reference data for the collection of ovules sample in the following experiment,but also the basis for more precisely detecting the changes in gene expression of ovules before and after flowering.
文摘Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of combined traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy with acupoint injection and herbal patch application on patients with ovulatory dysfunction associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: A total of 80 PCOS patients who received treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine between October 2022 and March 2024 were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into a control group (n = 40) and an observation group (n = 40). The control group received conventional Western medical treatments, while the observation group was administered TCM combined with acupoint injection and herbal patch application. Pre- and post-treatment conditions were compared between the two groups. Results: After treatment, the overall effective rate was significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group (P 0.05). Following treatment, both ovulation and pregnancy rates increased in both groups, but the increase was more evident in the observation group, showing a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). Conclusion: For patients with oligoovulation or anovulation due to PCOS, the combined use of TCM, acupoint injection, and herbal patch application appears to be effective in improving systemic symptoms and achieving notable clinical outcomes.
文摘Pollen morphology and hydration, ovule development, formation of pollination drop and the pollination process of Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehd were investigated in detail. The results showed that mature pollen was one_celled, irregular in shape, nonsaccate, and the surface was covered with orbicules. When pollen became hydrated, the intine swelled and the exine bursted. The exine usually remained on the surface of water or on the pollination drop all the time, while the rest portion of the pollen sank into the drop of water or the pollination drop. In the late August, the down_curved female buds could be observed in the field trees. The downturning of the female buds was an characteristic feature discriminating from the vegetative buds. At this stage ovular primordium was present in the female bud with a dome_shaped nucellar primordium encircled by a rudimentary integument. The integument grew fast and overgrew the nucellus. In the March of the following year, the ovule formed a micropylar canal about 1?000 μm in length, 200-300 μm in width. Except the micropyle, the other part of the ovule was enclosed by 20-25 scales. During the early stage of the ovule development, the nucellar surface clearly showed cell configuration; but a membrane_like structure covering the nucellar apex appeared in the late stage of the ovule development, and subsequently broke down with nucellar cell disintegration before pollen shedding. The disintegrated cell products might partake in the formation of the pollination drop. Before and during pollination, the nucellar cells contained abundant mitochondria, endospermic reticulum and dictysomes with vesicles; the plasma membrane was undulated and there was no accumulation of electron_dense substances in the pericytoplasm. Pollination drops usually occurred at night, and disappeared by noon in the field tree. 15 days before pollination, the in vitro ovules from the field trees already had the capability of producing pollination drops, which could last for 4-5 days indoors. However, after these drops received pollen, they did not withdraw noticeably compared with the unpollinated ones. The retraction of the pollination drop was presumed not to be a nonmetabolic outcome but rather a result of evaporation.
文摘Objective To observe clinical effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on inducing ovulation. Methods Forty cases of anovulatory infertility were treated with electroacupuncture and moxibustion at Zigong （子宫 EX-CA 1）, Guanyuan （元关 CV 4） and Zhongji （中极 CV 3） as well as Linggui Bafa therapy, 30 min each time, once a day for 15 days. One menstrual cycle made a session, and totally 3 sessions were required. The level of follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）, luteinizing hormone （LH） and estradiol （E2）, the growth and development situation of follicle and endometrium before and after treatment, spontaneous pregnancy rate during follow-up visit were observed and compared. Results After the treatment, the level of FSH, LH and Ez were signifiacntly increased （all P〈0.05）, the thickness of endometrium and diameter of follicle were obviously increased （both P〈0.05）. As for the spontaneous pregnancy rate during follow- up visit, 9 cases were cured, 25 cases were effective, 6 cases were failed and the total effective rate was 85.0%. Conclusion The acupuncture and moxibustion has better clinical efficacy for anovulatory infertility.
文摘Recently, whether Archaefructus has bisexual multi-parted flowers or just inflorescences of unisexual flowers, and whether it is ancestral to all angiosperms or a derived eudicot have been debated. Here, from the same Yixian Formation, NE China, we report a new Archaefructus species, A. eoflora sp. nov., with the generic characteristics of dissected leaves and bisexual reproductive axes. It is entirely preserved with roots, rhizome, shoots and protogynous reproductive organs at different developmental stages. Its lateral and main fertile shoots form a pseudo-indeterminate pattern, while the reproductive branches on the main shoot form a cymose inflorescence. Subtended by 1-2 bract-like leaves, the section of stamen clusters changes into a much shorter section of carpels that have one row of orthotropous ovules. Significantly, one cluster bearing two carpels and one stamen between the two sections demonstrates a true bisexual flower, an important step of the origin of floral bisexuality, and the homology between the stamen and carpel. The complex reproductive axes represent a mix between flowers and inflorescences, and suggest that A. eoflora sp. nov. possesses the potential to evolve into a variety of diverse flower types as found in modern basal and early fossil angiosperms. A comparison with other two species also leads to a revision of the generic diagnosis.
文摘Seed cone in Platycladus orientalis (L.) France consists of four or five pairs of decussate bracts. Usually, two pairs of the fertile bracts in the middle of the cone subtend six ovules, which initiate in an acropetal manner. Only one ovule presents on each of the upper fertile bract, while two ovules initiate from a common primordium in the axil of lower bracts. In Beijing, most female cones initiated in July. All parts of the cone formed before dormancy, which occurred during November to the next January. After pollination in March, bract morphology changed dramatically; intercalary growth of the bract base formed a conspicuous protuberance, in which inverted vascular system developed. Furthermore, ovules on different pairs of bracts initiated in an acropetal manner and two ovules in each lower fertile bract initiated from a common primordium, which was different from the basipetal initiation of ovules and independently formed single ovule as reported by Takaso in Calltris
文摘This study was conducted to investigate ovule abortion of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia and its reasons. It was found that in the ovule development period of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia from 15 d after coronal opening, the levels of growth-promoting endogenous hormones in abortive ovules were lower than those in normal ovules, and the level of a growth-inhibiting hormone was always higher than those in normal ovules, indicating that ovule abortion of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia might be related to abnormal endogenous phytohormones in ovules. This study laid a foundation for further study on highly sterile phenomenon of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia seeds.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation (No. 30770124)SRTP Fund from Henan University of Science and Technology~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to manually isolate the microstructures such as ovule and embryo of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. by the non-enzymatic method. [Method] With the gum block and dissecting microscope, its floral characteristics, ovule and embryo were manually isolated and observed by the non-enzymatic method. [Result] C. bursa-pastoris had four calyces, four petals, tetradynamous stamen and silicle, while its embryogenesis contained globular embryo, heart-shaped embryo and torpedo-shaped embryo. [Conclusion] The microstructures such as ovule and embryo of plants become easier to be isolated manually with the viscosity of gum block, which has small damage on embryo or disadvantages of keeping original shapes, and also can used in multi fields studies. This test can also be accomplished in labs with poor experiment facilities.
