Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, the pathogen that causes wheat powdery mildew, is one of the most important diseases affecting wheat production in China, and the oversummering is the key stage of wheat powdery milde...Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, the pathogen that causes wheat powdery mildew, is one of the most important diseases affecting wheat production in China, and the oversummering is the key stage of wheat powdery mildew epidemic. The more oversummering regionalization of wheat powdery mildew has played an important role in disease prediction, prevention and control. In this study, we analyzed the correlation between oversummering data of wheat powdery mildew and the meteorological factors over the past years, and determined that temperature was the key meteorological factor influencing oversummering of wheat powdery mildew. The average temperature at which wheat powdery mildew growth was terminated(26.2°C) was used as the threshold temperature to regionalize the oversummering range of wheat powdery mildew. This regionalization was done using the GIS ordinary kriging method combined with the Digital Elevation model(DEM) of China. The results showed that annual probability of oversummering region based on Model 26.2 were consistent with the actual survey of the more summer wheat powdery mildew. Wheat powdery mildew oversummering regions in China mainly cover mountainous or high-altitude areas, and these regions form a narrow north-south oversummering zone. Oversummering regions of wheat powdery mildew is mainly concentrated in the high-altitude wheat growing areas, including northern and southern Yunnan, northwestern Guizhou, northern and southern Sichuan, northern and southern Chongqing, eastern and southern Gansu, southeastern Ningxia, northern and southern Shaanxi, central Shanxi, western Hubei, western Henan, northern and western Hebei, western Liaoning, eastern Tibet, eastern Qinghai, western Xinjiang and other regions of China.展开更多
Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst),the cause of wheat stripe rust,is a biotrophic and heteroecious rust fungus with five spore types.Cool and humid climatic conditions are conducive for the development of wheat st...Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst),the cause of wheat stripe rust,is a biotrophic and heteroecious rust fungus with five spore types.Cool and humid climatic conditions are conducive for the development of wheat stripe rust,and in turn,temperatures above 22°C limit or even cease the disease.The survival of Pst during summer after wheat harvest is responsible for the infection on autumn-sown wheat to maintain disease cycle all the year round.Teliospores formed at late stage of wheat growth are essential for initiating sexual reproduction in spring.Although Chinese native grasses have been experimentally testified as susceptible hosts for Pst and teliospores produced on wheat have been shown to be potential inoculum sources causing infection on alternate hosts(mainly Berberis)in spring,the roles of grass hosts in harboring the survival of urediospores and teliospores of Pst and promoting the emergence of diverse races under field conditions in China have not been known.Herein,Gansu,as a hotspot and an important oversummering region for Pst,was exemplified to demonstrate these roles of grass hosts.As a result,63 Pst isolates,derived from 2184 uredial samples collected from grass hosts during harvesting period(from mid-June to mid-to-late July)and seeding period(mid to late September)in 2012 and 2013,were identified as 52 diverse phenotypes(82.5%)on the Chinese differential hosts.Subsequently,after inoculation of barberry,52 Pst isolates with high infection type,20 known races and 32 new races,were recovered from 1,712 single aecium,which are derived from 35 telial samples of grass hosts.Our experiments showed that Pst urediospores can oversummer on grass species in Gansu or other oversummering regions with similar ecological and climatic conditions.Pst teliospores,which are produced on these grass hosts,are important inoculum source for barberry infection in spring.Therefore,treatment of grasses hosts should be taken into consideration in management of wheat stripe rust.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271987)the National key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300702)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201303016)
文摘Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, the pathogen that causes wheat powdery mildew, is one of the most important diseases affecting wheat production in China, and the oversummering is the key stage of wheat powdery mildew epidemic. The more oversummering regionalization of wheat powdery mildew has played an important role in disease prediction, prevention and control. In this study, we analyzed the correlation between oversummering data of wheat powdery mildew and the meteorological factors over the past years, and determined that temperature was the key meteorological factor influencing oversummering of wheat powdery mildew. The average temperature at which wheat powdery mildew growth was terminated(26.2°C) was used as the threshold temperature to regionalize the oversummering range of wheat powdery mildew. This regionalization was done using the GIS ordinary kriging method combined with the Digital Elevation model(DEM) of China. The results showed that annual probability of oversummering region based on Model 26.2 were consistent with the actual survey of the more summer wheat powdery mildew. Wheat powdery mildew oversummering regions in China mainly cover mountainous or high-altitude areas, and these regions form a narrow north-south oversummering zone. Oversummering regions of wheat powdery mildew is mainly concentrated in the high-altitude wheat growing areas, including northern and southern Yunnan, northwestern Guizhou, northern and southern Sichuan, northern and southern Chongqing, eastern and southern Gansu, southeastern Ningxia, northern and southern Shaanxi, central Shanxi, western Hubei, western Henan, northern and western Hebei, western Liaoning, eastern Tibet, eastern Qinghai, western Xinjiang and other regions of China.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1401000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072358,31871918,and 31071641)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2020JZ-15),National“111 Plan”(BP0719026).
文摘Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst),the cause of wheat stripe rust,is a biotrophic and heteroecious rust fungus with five spore types.Cool and humid climatic conditions are conducive for the development of wheat stripe rust,and in turn,temperatures above 22°C limit or even cease the disease.The survival of Pst during summer after wheat harvest is responsible for the infection on autumn-sown wheat to maintain disease cycle all the year round.Teliospores formed at late stage of wheat growth are essential for initiating sexual reproduction in spring.Although Chinese native grasses have been experimentally testified as susceptible hosts for Pst and teliospores produced on wheat have been shown to be potential inoculum sources causing infection on alternate hosts(mainly Berberis)in spring,the roles of grass hosts in harboring the survival of urediospores and teliospores of Pst and promoting the emergence of diverse races under field conditions in China have not been known.Herein,Gansu,as a hotspot and an important oversummering region for Pst,was exemplified to demonstrate these roles of grass hosts.As a result,63 Pst isolates,derived from 2184 uredial samples collected from grass hosts during harvesting period(from mid-June to mid-to-late July)and seeding period(mid to late September)in 2012 and 2013,were identified as 52 diverse phenotypes(82.5%)on the Chinese differential hosts.Subsequently,after inoculation of barberry,52 Pst isolates with high infection type,20 known races and 32 new races,were recovered from 1,712 single aecium,which are derived from 35 telial samples of grass hosts.Our experiments showed that Pst urediospores can oversummer on grass species in Gansu or other oversummering regions with similar ecological and climatic conditions.Pst teliospores,which are produced on these grass hosts,are important inoculum source for barberry infection in spring.Therefore,treatment of grasses hosts should be taken into consideration in management of wheat stripe rust.
