Objective:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a common endocrine disorder that affects women’s health.This study aims to investigate gene and transcription factor(TF)expression differences between PCOS patients and hea...Objective:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a common endocrine disorder that affects women’s health.This study aims to investigate gene and transcription factor(TF)expression differences between PCOS patients and healthy individuals using bioinformatics approaches,and to verify the function of key transcription factors,with the goal of providing new insights into the pathogenesis of PCOS.Methods:Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and differentially expressed transcription factors(DETFs)between PCOS patients and controls were identified from the RNA sequencing dataset GSE168404 using bioinformatics methods.Functional enrichment analysis was performed using Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)databases.The expression and function of core transcription factors were further validated in ovarian tissues of PCOS model mice and control mice using Western blotting and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RTqPCR).Results:A total of 332 DEGs were identified between PCOS patients and controls,including 259 upregulated and 73 downregulated genes in the PCOS group.19 DETFs were further screened,of which 16 were upregulated and 3 were downregulated in PCOS.The upregulated DETFs(including TFCP2L1,DACH1,ESR2,AFF3,SMAD9,ZNF331,HOPX,ATOH8,HIF3α,DPF3,HOXC4,HES1,ID1,JDP2,SOX4,and ID3)were primarily associated with lipid metabolism,development,and cell adhesion.Protein and mRNA expression analysis in PCOS model mice revealed significantly decreased levels of hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)1αand HIF2α,and significantly increased expression of HIF3αcompared to control mice(all P<0.001).Conclusion:Significant differences in gene and TF expression exist between PCOS patients and healthy individuals.HIF-3αmay play a crucial role in PCOS and could serve as a novel biomarker for diagnosis and a potential therapeutic target.展开更多
Objective To investigate whether 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside(TSG)ameliorated polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)-like characteristics by inhibiting inflammation.Methods PCOS models were established ...Objective To investigate whether 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside(TSG)ameliorated polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)-like characteristics by inhibiting inflammation.Methods PCOS models were established by injecting subcutaneously with dehydroepiandrosterone into female Sprague-Dawley rats,followed by receiving intraperitoneal injection of TSG.The granular cells(GCs)KGN were transfected with small interfering RNAs(si-NC and si-CYP19A1).The cells were preincubated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and then treated with or without TSG.The estrous cycle was monitored using vaginal exfoliated cells.The morphology of ovarian follicles was analyzed by H&E staining.ELISA was used to analyze estradiol(E2),testosterone(T),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),IL-6,TNF-α,AGEs,CRP and Omentin-1 levels in serum.Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze PCNA and CYP19A1 expressions in the GCs of ovaries.Tunel staining was executed to detect the apoptosis of GCs.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and Western blot were implemented to measure the expression of CYP19A1 in the ovaries and transfected cells.qPCR was used to analyze the expression of IL-6 and TNF-αin the transfected cells treated with LPS and TSG.Results The estrous cycles were restored in TSG group.Compared with model group,the sinus follicles were reduced and corpus luteums were increased in TSG group.TSG group showed increased E2,and decreased T and LH,compared with model group.Pro-inflammatory factors(IL-6,TNF-α,CRP and AGEs)were decreased,and anti-inflammatory factor(Omentin-1)was increased in TSG group compared with those in model group.TSG could partially inhibit decrease of PNCA-positive GCs and increase of Tunel-positive GCs caused by PCOS.The CYP19A1 expression of GCs in TSG group was upregulated compared with model group.The expressions of IL-6 and TNFαin si-CYP19A1 cells were increased compared with si-NC cells.Compared with cells(si-NC and si-CYP19A1)treated without LPS,the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-αcells were increased,and the expression of CYP19A1 was downregulated in LPS-preincubated cells.Compared with cells treated with LPS,the expression of IL-6 and TNF-αwere decreased,and the expression of CYP19A1 was increased in cells treated with LPS and TSG.Compared with si-NC cells treated with LPS and TSG,the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-αcells were increased in the si-CYP19A1 cells treated with LPS and TSG.Conclusion TSG could alleviate PCOS-like characteristics by increasing the expression of CYP19A1 in GCs to inhibit inflammatory response.展开更多
“What's in a name?That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet”-William Shakespeare Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is one of the commonest endocrinopathy in the reproductive age group,as depi...“What's in a name?That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet”-William Shakespeare Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is one of the commonest endocrinopathy in the reproductive age group,as depicted in a study among the North Indian population[1].The nomenclatures,the diagnostic criteria,the pathophysiology,and the modalities of treatment are full of controversies.Other names for this syndrome include Stein-Leventhal syndrome,polycystic ovary disease(PCOD),polycystic ovarian disease,functional ovarian hyperandrogenism,ovarian hyperthecosis and sclerocystic ovary syndrome,etc.展开更多
Recent studies have potentiated the essential role of androgens in normal follicu-logenesis and,therefore,female fertility.Contrastingly,excess androgen levels,i.e.,hyperandrogenism(HA),a hallmark characteristic of po...Recent studies have potentiated the essential role of androgens in normal follicu-logenesis and,therefore,female fertility.Contrastingly,excess androgen levels,i.e.,hyperandrogenism(HA),a hallmark characteristic of polycystic ovary syndrome,overrides the delicate balance of folliculogenesis,leading to follicular arrest and ovulatory issues.Insulin resistance(IR)has a profound effect on elevating androgen secretion and is considered one of the primary factors driving both ovarian androgen production and metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome.Together with IR,disruptions in key intraovarian and systemic factors,including activin,inhibin,follistatin,anti-Mullerian hormone,bone morpho-genetic proteins,growth differentiation factor-9 and Kit ligand,as well as dysreg-ulation in both the insulin and the transforming growth factor-βsuperfamily signaling pathway,contribute to follicular arrest,elevated androgen levels and metabolic dysfunction,exacerbating HA.Additionally,suppression of sex hormone-binding globulin,disrupted adipose-neuroendocrine signaling and altered microRNA expression heighten HA,with IR serving as the fundamental contributor.Emerging evidence implicates impaired atresia together with non-apoptotic cell death,such as ferroptosis and pyroptosis,which have also been associated with ovarian dysfunction.A comprehensive understanding of the most significant factors,particularly IR,which amplifies androgen production through hyperinsulinemia-mediated stimulation of theca cells,is essential for identifying targeted therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Sexual maturation heterosis has been widely exploited in animal crossbreeding.However,the underlying mechanism has been rarely explored in chicken.In the present study,we performed the reciprocal crossing between Whit...Sexual maturation heterosis has been widely exploited in animal crossbreeding.However,the underlying mechanism has been rarely explored in chicken.In the present study,we performed the reciprocal crossing between White Leghorn and Beijing You chicken to evaluate the phenotypes related to sexual maturation,and profiled the ovary circRNAs of purebreds(WW,YY)and crossbreds(WY,YW)to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying heterosis for sexual maturation.Pubic space and oviduct length exhibited positive heterosis,and age at first egg(AFE)exhibited negative heterosis in the crossbreds.We identified 3,025 known circRNAs and 624 putative circRNAs,which were mainly derived from the exons.Among these circRNAs,141 and 178circRNAs were specially expressed in WY and YW,respectively.There were 52.38 and 64.63%of total circRNAs in WY and YW exhibited non-additive expression pattern,respectively.GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the host genes of non-additive circRNAs were mainly involved in TGF-beta signaling pathway,oocyte development,ATPase activator activity,oocyte meiosis,progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation and GnRH signaling pathway.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified that 4 modules were significantly(P<0.05)correlated with oviduct length and pubic space.The host genes of non-additive circRNAs harbored in the 4 modules were associated with MAPK signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway.Furthermore,competing endogenous RNAs(ceRNA)network analysis characterized non-additive circRNAs gal-FGFR2_0005 and galMAPKAP1_0004 could interact with gga-miR-1612 and gga-miR-12235-5p to regulate CNOT6,COL8A1,and FHL2,which were essential for ovary development,indicating that the non-additive circRNAs involved in the formation of sexual maturation heterosis through regulating genes related to the reproductive and developmental process.The findings would provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying sexual maturation heterosis from a novel perspective.展开更多
Background Crossbreeding is widely promoted as an efficient strategy to improve the productivity in agriculture.The molecular mechanism underlying heterosis for egg production is always intriguing in chicken.The trans...Background Crossbreeding is widely promoted as an efficient strategy to improve the productivity in agriculture.The molecular mechanism underlying heterosis for egg production is always intriguing in chicken.The transcriptional dynamic changes play a crucial role in the formation of heterosis,but little is known for the egg production traits.Results In present study,we measured the continuous manifestation of heterosis ranging from 2.67%to 10.24%for egg number in the crossbreds generated by reciprocal crossing White Leghorn and Beijing You chicken.The high-quality transcriptomes of ovary for purebreds(WW and YY)and crossbreds(WY and YW)in 5 laying stages were sequenced and integrated to identify regulatory networks relevant to the heterosis.We found highly conserved transcriptional features among 4 genetic groups.By using weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),we obtained multiple gene co-expression modules that were significantly correlated with egg number for each group.The common KEGG pathways including apelin signaling pathway,cell cycle,ribosome,spliceosome and oxidative phosphorylation,were screened for the 2 crossbreds.Then,we identified consensus co-expression modules(CMs)that showed divergent expression pattern among crossbred(WY or YW)and purebreds(WW and YY).The hub genes of CMs were again overrepresented in the cell cycle pathway,and the crossbreds exhibited temporally complementary dominance of hub genes in the 5 laying stages.These results suggested that the crossbreds inherited from both parents to maintain the ovary function by cell cycle-related genes,contributing to the persistent heterosis for egg production.Furthermore,the dominant genes including MAD2L1,CHEK2 and E2F1 were demonstrated to function in ovarian follicle development and maturation and could be the candidate genes for egg production heterosis.Conclusion Our study characterized the dynamic profile of genome-wide gene expression in ovary and highlighted the role of dominant expression of cell cycle pathway genes in heterosis.These findings provided new insights for the molecular mechanism of egg production heterosis,which would facilitate the rational choice of suitable parents for producing crossbred chickens with higher egg production.展开更多
BACKGROUND Point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)is the use of portable ultrasound devices by trained healthcare professionals to diagnose and monitor medical conditions directly at the patient's bedside,such as in emerg...BACKGROUND Point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)is the use of portable ultrasound devices by trained healthcare professionals to diagnose and monitor medical conditions directly at the patient's bedside,such as in emergency settings.We described a case where POCUS use,in Pediatric Emergency Department,allowed an early diagnosis and timely management in the surgical department,with a favorable outcome for child.Therefore we write this case because it is desirable to po-pularize ultrasound as the fifth pillar of clinical examination especially in Emer-gency Department CASE SUMMARY A 13-year-old girl with acute gastrointestinal symptoms,such as vomit and abdominal and lumbar pains.Upon physical examination,the patient had lo-calized abdominal pain in the left lower quadrant.Ultrasonography performed at the bedside revealed an enlarged left ovary with an irregular structure containing a 3 cm cyst.These findings raised suspicion of ovarian torsion.The child tran-sferred to Gynecology Surgery Unit,where she was taken emergently to the ope-rating room CONCLUSION It is desirable to spread POCUS in emergency settings where it allows a sig-nificant saving of time in patient management.展开更多
The immunomodulatory function of estrogen within the ovary remains a subject of ongoing debate,and the neonatal ovarian immune microenvironment,particularly its modulation by estrogen,has not been comprehensively char...The immunomodulatory function of estrogen within the ovary remains a subject of ongoing debate,and the neonatal ovarian immune microenvironment,particularly its modulation by estrogen,has not been comprehensively characterized.In this study,the effects of 17β-estradiol(E_(2)),a key regulator of immune function,were investigated using single-cell transcriptomic profiling of C57BL/6J neonatal mouse ovaries after E_(2)treatment.Results revealed dynamic alterations in the proportion of immune cell types after E_(2)treatment,accompanied by changes in cytokine and chemokine expression.Detailed analyses of gene expression,cell states,and developmental trajectories across distinct cell types indicated that E_(2)treatment influenced cell differentiation and development.Notably,E_(2)treatment reduced the abundance of macrophages and promoted a phenotypic transition from M1 to M2 macrophages.These findings demonstrate that the neonatal mouse ovarian immune microenvironment is sensitive to estrogenic modulation,which governs both the distribution and functional specialization of resident immune cells,offering novel mechanistic insights into the immunomodulatory roles of estrogen across various immune cell types.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the quantitative influence of engineering parameters(diameter,bending angle)of minimally invasive surgical instruments and single-port laparoscopic surgery on biomarkers of ovarian reserve fun...Objective:To investigate the quantitative influence of engineering parameters(diameter,bending angle)of minimally invasive surgical instruments and single-port laparoscopic surgery on biomarkers of ovarian reserve function,and establish a multi-parameter coupled mathematical prediction model,providing a theoretical basis for precision instrument design and operation optimization.Methods:A total of 45 reproductive-age patients undergoing single-port laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy were selected.Through orthogonal experimental design,the instrument diameter(3/5/8 mm)and bending angle(30°/60°/90°)were divided into 9 groups,with5 cases in each group.Changes in serum AMH(anti-müllerian hormone),FSH(follicle-stimulating hormone),INHB(inhibin B)and ultrasonic AFC(antral follicle count)indexes were measured before surgery and on the 2nd to 3rd day of the first menstrual period after surgery.Enhanced CT images and laparoscopic images of ovarian force distribution were obtained.Finite element analysis(FEA)of the single-port instrument-ovarian tissue model was performed using ABAQUS software to calculate stress distribution in the ovarian cortex.Oscillatory shear experiments were used to determine the characteristics of viscoelastic property changes in the linear viscoelastic range of ovarian tissue.Results:The rate of decrease in AMH was lower in the 3 mm diameter-30°angle group(P<0.05);the peak Von Mises stress in the D3-θ30 group was lower than that in the other groups(P<0.05);the optimal parameter combination was a diameter of 3.13 mm and an angle of 21.72°,with the model calculating an AMH attenuation of 20%.Ovarian tissue changed with the frequency of the oscillatory shear test.In the low-frequency region(<1 Hz):G'>G''(elasticity-dominated);in the high-frequency region(>5 Hz):G''>G'(viscosity-dominated);the crossover point was at 5 Hz,where G'=G''=5 kPa.Before ovarian dissection:G'was relatively high and G''was relatively low,with elasticity dominating.During dissection:G'decreased and G''increased,with instrument stress causing damage.After dissection:G'further decreased and G''continued to rise,resulting in irreversible damage to the ovarian stroma.Conclusion:The engineering parameters of minimally invasive instruments significantly affect the ovarian reserve function index AMH and the peak Von Mises stress of the ovary through mechanical stress transmission.Using an instrument with a diameter of 3.13 mm and a bending angle of 21.72°can more effectively reduce the impact of single-port laparoscopic surgery on AMH decline.展开更多
Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is the most common endocrine disease afflicting women of childbearing age.It is characterized by irregular menstruation,clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenemia,and polycystic ovary mor...Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is the most common endocrine disease afflicting women of childbearing age.It is characterized by irregular menstruation,clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenemia,and polycystic ovary morphology.As a complex endocrine-metabolic syndrome(MS),PCOS shares several endocrine-metabolic features with the MS,with insulin resistance at the core of their pathogenic mechanisms.PCOS and MS are interrelated and thus have similarities in treatment.Currently,the common treatment modalities for both are lifestyle intervention,medication,and surgery.More studies have shown that lifestyle intervention and regulation of intestinal flora are more effective and sustainable.However,progress towards treatment and cure is hampered by unclear etiology and mechanisms.This review aimed to summarize the relationship between PCOS and MS,the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders,and the current nutritional therapeutic strategies,especially lifestyle modifications and modulation of intestinal flora.Lifestyle interventions combined with the regulation of gut flora can be a new perspective for treatment.This perspective has a positive significance in the early diagnosis,adoption of personalized treatment plans,and prevention of complications in PCOS and MS.The need to prevent the occurrence of MS in patients with PCOS should be emphasized.展开更多
Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)is a frequently encountered disease with hormonal and metabolic dysfunction in women of reproductive age.Nano-sized titanium dioxide(nTiO_(2))has been widely used in skin care products...Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)is a frequently encountered disease with hormonal and metabolic dysfunction in women of reproductive age.Nano-sized titanium dioxide(nTiO_(2))has been widely used in skin care products,paints,food,and cosmetics.In this study,we found a substantial elevation of Ti in the follicular fluid of females diagnosed with nonhyperandrogenic PCOS(non-HA PCOS).Therefore,we orally subjected female rats to nTiO_(2) at 10 and 100 mg/kg body weight for 10 weeks.We found that nTiO_(2) triggered non-HA PCOS-like symptoms,including the increase of cystic follicles,estrous cycle disorder,and abnormal ovulation,but without high testosterone.By transcriptome sequencing,we identified that nTiO_(2) exposure inhibited the steroid hormone synthesis and activated the proapoptotic pathways.Upon validating these altered pathways,we discovered that aromatase(Cyp19a1)overexpression contributed to the decline in testosterone/estradiol ratio.Mean-while,the apoptosis of granulosa cells was increased by nTiO_(2) exposure,which might result in the disorder of follicular development.This study presents the evidences revealing a pronounced correlation between nTiO_(2) exposure and the emergence of non-HA PCOS,urging people to promote the safe utilization of nTiO_(2).展开更多
Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a prevalent endocrine disorder that poses a significant threat to women’s health.As a classical traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulation,Guizhi-Fuling Wan(GFW)has a good applicat...Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a prevalent endocrine disorder that poses a significant threat to women’s health.As a classical traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulation,Guizhi-Fuling Wan(GFW)has a good application prospect in the complementary treatment of PCOS.This study aimed to systematically summarize the traditional efficacy and pharmacological composition of the Chinese medicines contained in GFW and evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of their active ingredients in the complementary treatment of PCOS.A growing number of studies have demonstrated that GFW is effective at complementally treating PCOS through various mechanisms,including inhibiting inflammatory responses,modulating the intraovarian extracellular matrix,regulating apoptosis and autophagy in granulosa cells,and correcting oxidative stress imbalances.In addition,the GFW has been shown to be effective in treating the complications of PCOS.However,there are several problems,and future work should focus on elucidating the efficacy,safe dosage,and safety of different dosage forms of GFW,increasing the toxicological value of traditional Chinese medicine,and confirming the safety of the combination of GFW with Western medicine for the treatment of PCOS.展开更多
Objective:To screen potential serum differential proteins in insulin resistance(IR)complicated with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(i TRAQ)combined with ultra-...Objective:To screen potential serum differential proteins in insulin resistance(IR)complicated with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(i TRAQ)combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).Methods:A total of 20 patients diagnosed with PCOS in our hospital were selected,including 10 cases of simple PCOS and 10 cases of PCOS+IR.i TRAQ combined with LC-MS/MS was used for proteomic analysis to identify serum differential proteins.Bioinformatics analyses,including gene ontology(GO),Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG),and protein-protein interaction(PPI)analysis,were conducted to understand the biological processes,cellular components,and molecular functions of the differentially expressed proteins detected by the two methods.Results:A total of 454,675 secondary spectra were detected by iTRAQ,with 14,376 matched spectra.Combined with LC-MS/MS,74,386peptides,47,542 unique peptide sequences,and 54,675 proteins were identified.A total of 249 differentially expressed proteins with a fold change≥1.30 or≤0.83 were found,among which 9 had a P-value<0.05.There were 5 up-regulated and 4 down-regulated proteins,namely RPAP3,ALDH6A1,COX20,RASSF3,ALPK2,NANOS1,FAM210A,CHGA,and CGA.These differential proteins were imported into the STRING database for PPI network analysis,which revealed 21 nodes and 69 edges with a PPI enrichment P-value<0.001.KEGG enrichment results included hsa04913(Ovarian steroidogenesis),hsa04024(cAMP signaling pathway),and hsa04080(Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction).Conclusion:The combination of i TRAQ and LC-MS/MS technologies identified nine differential proteins including CHGA and CGA,which are mainly enriched in pathways related to ovarian steroidogenesis,c AMP signaling,and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction.This combination provides a powerful platform for exploring the pathogenesis of IR complicated with PCOS and discovering new biomarkers.展开更多
Background:Bonducellin is one of the bioactive compounds present in Caesalpinia bonduc Roxb(L).It is a homoisoflavonoid recognized for its anti-cancer,anti-androgenic,and anti-estrogenic properties and could potential...Background:Bonducellin is one of the bioactive compounds present in Caesalpinia bonduc Roxb(L).It is a homoisoflavonoid recognized for its anti-cancer,anti-androgenic,and anti-estrogenic properties and could potentially treat polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).However,the underlying molecular mechanism remains unexplored.This study aims to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of bonducellin in treating PCOS and its associated symptoms through an integrated approach combining network pharmacology,molecular docking,molecular dynamics simulation,and in vivo validation.Methods:Bonducellin-associated and PCOS-related genes were intersected using VENN analysis to determine common gene targets.KEGG pathway analysis was conducted to investigate the biological pathways involving the co-targeted genes.The protein-protein interactions of the target genes were performed to identify the key proteins interacting with bonducellin.Molecular docking and 100 ns molecular simulations were carried out to evaluate the binding affinity and conformational stability of bonducellin with the target proteins.Additionally,the acute toxicity of bonducellin was assessed on zebrafish embryos and in vivo gene expression studies were performed to examine its regulatory effect on the top co-targeted gene.Results:The intersection of bonducellin-associated and PCOS-related genes identified 76 co-targeted genes.KEGG pathway analysis revealed their involvement in 15 critical pathways,including steroid hormone biosynthesis.Protein-protein interaction and pathway enrichment analysis highlighted key targets,including MMP9,AR,KDR,PRKACA,KIT,CYP19A1,HSD11B1,ESR1,STAT3,ESR2,PRKCA,ROCK1,BRAF,HSD17B2,PIK3R1,and RAF1,all of which exhibited strong binding to bonducellin.Molecular simulations confirmed the stability of bonducellin to the top proteins,MMP9 and AR,with high binding scores.Acute toxicity studies in zebrafish embryos determined the LC50 value of bonducellin as 0.8μg/mL at 48 hpf.Gene expression analysis revealed that bonducellin differentially regulates the MMP9 gene that is involved in modulating PCOS-related pathways.Conclusion:This study suggests potential gene pathways and protein interactions through which bonducellin could exert therapeutic effects on PCOS and its associated disorders.This provides valuable insights for future research into understanding and developing bonducellin-based treatments for PCOS.展开更多
Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a lifelong disorder affecting reproductive,metabolic,and psychological health.A healthy lifestyle and effective weight management strategies should underpin the treatment of PCOS.This...Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a lifelong disorder affecting reproductive,metabolic,and psychological health.A healthy lifestyle and effective weight management strategies should underpin the treatment of PCOS.This case report documents the successful management of a Chinese patient with PCOS who was overweight and presented with oligomenorrhea and persistent adiposity.The patient was diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria.The intervention was a 2-month program involving caloric restriction(1,350 kcal/day whole-food diet),progressive exercise titration(150–180 min/week of aerobic and resistance training),mindfulness practice,and metformin initiation after confirmed insulin resistance(HOMA-IR 3.67)resulted in clinically significant body composition improvements:fat mass was reduced by 5.0 kg,visceral adipose area was reduced by 44.7 cm^(2),skeletal muscle was increased by 1.4 kg,and regular menstrual cycles(32 day interval)were restored following 5% weight loss-consistent with evidence linking this threshold to improved ovarian function.The combination of a structured lifestyle modification program with targeted pharmacotherapy offers a viable clinical approach for metabolic PCOS phenotypes,although further validation is required to ascertain long-term efficacy.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the sequential therapy in treating infertility with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)and luteal phase defects(LPD)by Yangxin Dianji decoction(养心奠基方,YXDJ-D)and N...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the sequential therapy in treating infertility with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)and luteal phase defects(LPD)by Yangxin Dianji decoction(养心奠基方,YXDJ-D)and Nuangong Tiaojing decoction(暖宫调经方,NGTJ-D).METHODS:This study was undertaken in the Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine.Altogether 90 eligible patients with PCOS and LPD were assigned to exposed group A(Chinese Medicine therapy,YXDJ-D and NGTJ-D),exposed group B(Chinese Medicine plus Western Medicine therapy),control group(Western Medicine therapy).The exposed group A adopted the sequential therapy that YXDJ-D is taken in the postmenstrual period(follicular phase)and NGTJ-D is taken in premenstrual period(luteal phase).Control group took letrozole,dydrogesterone and was given intramuscular injection of human menopausal gonadotropin,human chorionic gonadotropin.The exposed group B was treated with the above-mentioned therapy project of integrated Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine.This study lasted for 2 courses for 6 months.The primary outcomes were pregnancy rate and early abortion rate.The secondary outcomes were the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,estrogen(E2)and progesterone(P),endometrial volume(EV),vascularity index(VI),flow index(FI)and vascularization flow index(VFI).These outcomes will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention.RESULTS:The pregnancy rates of the exposed group A and B were higher than the control group(60.00%vs 60.00%vs 53.33%),while early abortion rates of exposed groups A and B were lower than the control group(33.33%vs 16.67%vs 43.75%,P>0.05).Total efficacy rates in exposed group A and B were better than the control group(93.30%vs 93.30%vs 53.30%,P<0.01).TCM symptom scores and endometrial receptivity indexes(EV,FI,VFI)were significantly lower in exposed groups compared to the control group(P<0.05).P increase in exposed group B was superior to the other two groups(P<0.01).No noticeable abnormalities in safety indicators in the three groups.CONCLUSION:The sequential therapy of YXDJ-D and NGTJ-D can effectively increase pregnancy rate,reduce the early abortion rate and alleviate the clinical symptoms of infertility in patients with PCOS and LPD by improving luteal function and promoting the endometrial receptivity.展开更多
The ecdysone-induced transcription factor E93 in model insects plays multiple roles in the insect metamorphosis processes,such as remodeling larval tissues and determining adult tissue formation.The knockdown of E93in...The ecdysone-induced transcription factor E93 in model insects plays multiple roles in the insect metamorphosis processes,such as remodeling larval tissues and determining adult tissue formation.The knockdown of E93in insects leads to incomplete metamorphosis,suggesting that E93 is a potential target for pest control.In this study,the HaE93 gene in the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera,a polyphagous pest of various commercial crops worldwide,was identified and found to have high expression in the egg,prepupal,and pupal stages.The injection of ds HaE93 induced about 60%mortality in H.armigera at the larval-pupal stage.About 30%survived but showed delayed pupation and abnormal wings,and the females developed reduced ovaries.Therefore,about 90%of the HaE93 knockdown individuals failed to reproduce before they died.The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of ecdysone primary-response genes,chitin synthesis-related genes,and wing and ovary development-related genes were reduced in HaE93 knockdown H.armigera.These results indicated that HaE93plays a critical role in larva-pupa-adult metamorphosis and the development of the cuticle,wing,and ovary in female H.armigera by regulating the expression of the associated genes.Bioassays of ds HaE93 administered by either oral delivery or injection showed similar knockdown results,which suggested that HaE93 can be used as a target gene for the RNAi control of the pest H.armigera.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the distribution characteristics of sensory,sympathetic,and motor neurons as-sociated with the"Shenshu(BL 23)"and"Guanyuan(CV 4)"acupoints and the ovary,and to elucidate th...Objective:To investigate the distribution characteristics of sensory,sympathetic,and motor neurons as-sociated with the"Shenshu(BL 23)"and"Guanyuan(CV 4)"acupoints and the ovary,and to elucidate the neural anatomical connections between these acupoints and the ovary.Methods:In this study,dual fluorescent neural tracing was utilized,with twelve female Sprague-Dawley rats being randomly allocated into two groups(n=6 per group)for the purpose of administering tracer injections at distinct anatomical sites:the"BL 23"-ovary group received injections of Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated cholera toxin subunit B(AF488-CTB)at the left"BL 23"and Fluoro-Gold(FG)in the left ovary;the"CV 4"-ovary group received AF488-CTB at“CV 4”and FG in the left ovary.Three days post-injection,the distribution of AF488-CTB and FG-labeled neural components was observed in the dorsal root ganglia(DRGs),sympathetic chain,and spinal cord tissues.Results:①Sensory neurons labeled with AF488-CTB associated with"BL 23"were primarily distributed in the thoracic(T)10 to lumbar(L)2 DRGs,concentrated in T12-T13;postganglionic sympathetic neurons were mainly located in the thoracolumbar sympathetic chain;motor neurons were predominantly found in the anterior horn of the T11-L1 spinal cord segments.②Sensory neurons labeled with AF488-CTB associated with"CV 4"were primarily located in T10-L3 DRGs,concentrated in T13-L2 DRGs;postgan-glionic sympathetic neurons were mainly distributed in the lumbar sympathetic chain;motor neurons were primarily found in the anterior horn of T11-L2 spinal cord segments.③FG-labeled sensory neu-rons associated with the ovary were mainly distributed in the T9-L3 DRGs,concentrated in the T12-L2 DRGs;postganglionic sympathetic neurons were primarily located in the lumbar sympathetic chain.④Double-labeled(AF488-CTB and FG)sensory neurons associated with the"BL 23"and ovary were mainly distributed in the T12-T13 DRGs,with double-labeled postganglionic sympathetic neurons primarily in the lumbar sympathetic chain;double-labeled sensory neurons associated with the"CV 4"and ovary were mainly distributed in the T13-L1 DRGs,with double-labeled postganglionic sympathetic neurons primar-ily in the lumbar sympathetic chain.No double-labeled motor neurons were observed for either acupoint with the ovary.Conclusion:"BL 23"and"CV 4"and the ovary in rats exhibit segmental connections in sensory and sympathetic innervation,which may serve as the neural anatomical pathway and basis for acupuncture at these acupoints to regulate ovarian function.展开更多
As an important branch of traditional medicine,Zhuang Medicine is renowned for its unique prescriptions and techniques in clinical treatment,with significant therapeutic effects and widespread popularity.This article ...As an important branch of traditional medicine,Zhuang Medicine is renowned for its unique prescriptions and techniques in clinical treatment,with significant therapeutic effects and widespread popularity.This article introduces Professor Fang Gang’s experience in treating obesity-type polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)with modified Zhuang Medicine Mao Xia Yin.Professor Fang Gang proposes that the etiology and pathogenesis of obesity-type polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)primarily stem from spleen deficiency,which impairs the transport of water and dampness.This dysfunction leads to the accumulation of dampness that transforms into phlegm.Over time,the stagnation of phlegm and dampness generates internal heat,resulting in the formation of“dampness toxin,”“phlegm toxin,”and“heat toxin.”These pathological toxins obstruct the circulation of Qi and blood,causing stasis and the emergence of“stasis toxin.”The buildup of these toxins ultimately blocks the three channels and two pathways,disrupting the harmony among the three Qi of heaven,earth,and man.This disharmony culminates in impaired uterine gland function.Therefore,the treatment mainly focuses on tonifying deficiency,detoxifying,and regulating Qi.展开更多
Avian ovaries develop asymmetrically apart from prey birds,with only the left ovary growing more towards functional organ.Here,we analyze over 135,000 cells from chick's left and right ovaries at six distinct embr...Avian ovaries develop asymmetrically apart from prey birds,with only the left ovary growing more towards functional organ.Here,we analyze over 135,000 cells from chick's left and right ovaries at six distinct embryonic developmental stages utilizing single-cell transcriptome sequencing.We delineate gene expression patterns across 15 cell types within these embryo ovaries,revealing side-specific development.The left ovaries exhibit cortex cells,zygotene germ cells,and transcriptional changes unique to the left side.Differential gene expression analysis further identifies specific markers and pathways active in these cell types,highlighting the asymmetry in ovarian development.A fine-scale analysis of the germ cell meiotic transcriptome reveals seven distinct clusters with gene expression patterns specific to various meiotic stages.The study also identifies signaling pathways and intercellular communications,particularly between pre-granulosa and germ cells.Spatial transcriptome analysis shows the asymmetry,demonstrating cortex cells exclusively in the left ovary,modulating neighboring cell types through putative secreted signaling molecules.Overall,this single-cell analysis provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of the asymmetric development of avian ovaries,particularly the significant role of cortex cells in the left ovary.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2022JJ30886).
文摘Objective:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a common endocrine disorder that affects women’s health.This study aims to investigate gene and transcription factor(TF)expression differences between PCOS patients and healthy individuals using bioinformatics approaches,and to verify the function of key transcription factors,with the goal of providing new insights into the pathogenesis of PCOS.Methods:Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and differentially expressed transcription factors(DETFs)between PCOS patients and controls were identified from the RNA sequencing dataset GSE168404 using bioinformatics methods.Functional enrichment analysis was performed using Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)databases.The expression and function of core transcription factors were further validated in ovarian tissues of PCOS model mice and control mice using Western blotting and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RTqPCR).Results:A total of 332 DEGs were identified between PCOS patients and controls,including 259 upregulated and 73 downregulated genes in the PCOS group.19 DETFs were further screened,of which 16 were upregulated and 3 were downregulated in PCOS.The upregulated DETFs(including TFCP2L1,DACH1,ESR2,AFF3,SMAD9,ZNF331,HOPX,ATOH8,HIF3α,DPF3,HOXC4,HES1,ID1,JDP2,SOX4,and ID3)were primarily associated with lipid metabolism,development,and cell adhesion.Protein and mRNA expression analysis in PCOS model mice revealed significantly decreased levels of hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)1αand HIF2α,and significantly increased expression of HIF3αcompared to control mice(all P<0.001).Conclusion:Significant differences in gene and TF expression exist between PCOS patients and healthy individuals.HIF-3αmay play a crucial role in PCOS and could serve as a novel biomarker for diagnosis and a potential therapeutic target.
文摘Objective To investigate whether 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside(TSG)ameliorated polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)-like characteristics by inhibiting inflammation.Methods PCOS models were established by injecting subcutaneously with dehydroepiandrosterone into female Sprague-Dawley rats,followed by receiving intraperitoneal injection of TSG.The granular cells(GCs)KGN were transfected with small interfering RNAs(si-NC and si-CYP19A1).The cells were preincubated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and then treated with or without TSG.The estrous cycle was monitored using vaginal exfoliated cells.The morphology of ovarian follicles was analyzed by H&E staining.ELISA was used to analyze estradiol(E2),testosterone(T),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),IL-6,TNF-α,AGEs,CRP and Omentin-1 levels in serum.Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze PCNA and CYP19A1 expressions in the GCs of ovaries.Tunel staining was executed to detect the apoptosis of GCs.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and Western blot were implemented to measure the expression of CYP19A1 in the ovaries and transfected cells.qPCR was used to analyze the expression of IL-6 and TNF-αin the transfected cells treated with LPS and TSG.Results The estrous cycles were restored in TSG group.Compared with model group,the sinus follicles were reduced and corpus luteums were increased in TSG group.TSG group showed increased E2,and decreased T and LH,compared with model group.Pro-inflammatory factors(IL-6,TNF-α,CRP and AGEs)were decreased,and anti-inflammatory factor(Omentin-1)was increased in TSG group compared with those in model group.TSG could partially inhibit decrease of PNCA-positive GCs and increase of Tunel-positive GCs caused by PCOS.The CYP19A1 expression of GCs in TSG group was upregulated compared with model group.The expressions of IL-6 and TNFαin si-CYP19A1 cells were increased compared with si-NC cells.Compared with cells(si-NC and si-CYP19A1)treated without LPS,the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-αcells were increased,and the expression of CYP19A1 was downregulated in LPS-preincubated cells.Compared with cells treated with LPS,the expression of IL-6 and TNF-αwere decreased,and the expression of CYP19A1 was increased in cells treated with LPS and TSG.Compared with si-NC cells treated with LPS and TSG,the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-αcells were increased in the si-CYP19A1 cells treated with LPS and TSG.Conclusion TSG could alleviate PCOS-like characteristics by increasing the expression of CYP19A1 in GCs to inhibit inflammatory response.
文摘“What's in a name?That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet”-William Shakespeare Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is one of the commonest endocrinopathy in the reproductive age group,as depicted in a study among the North Indian population[1].The nomenclatures,the diagnostic criteria,the pathophysiology,and the modalities of treatment are full of controversies.Other names for this syndrome include Stein-Leventhal syndrome,polycystic ovary disease(PCOD),polycystic ovarian disease,functional ovarian hyperandrogenism,ovarian hyperthecosis and sclerocystic ovary syndrome,etc.
基金Supported by Incentive Funding for Rated Researchers from the National Research Foundation,Pretoria,No.145943Research Reward from the Research Office of the University of KwaZulu-Natal,Durban,South Africa.
文摘Recent studies have potentiated the essential role of androgens in normal follicu-logenesis and,therefore,female fertility.Contrastingly,excess androgen levels,i.e.,hyperandrogenism(HA),a hallmark characteristic of polycystic ovary syndrome,overrides the delicate balance of folliculogenesis,leading to follicular arrest and ovulatory issues.Insulin resistance(IR)has a profound effect on elevating androgen secretion and is considered one of the primary factors driving both ovarian androgen production and metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome.Together with IR,disruptions in key intraovarian and systemic factors,including activin,inhibin,follistatin,anti-Mullerian hormone,bone morpho-genetic proteins,growth differentiation factor-9 and Kit ligand,as well as dysreg-ulation in both the insulin and the transforming growth factor-βsuperfamily signaling pathway,contribute to follicular arrest,elevated androgen levels and metabolic dysfunction,exacerbating HA.Additionally,suppression of sex hormone-binding globulin,disrupted adipose-neuroendocrine signaling and altered microRNA expression heighten HA,with IR serving as the fundamental contributor.Emerging evidence implicates impaired atresia together with non-apoptotic cell death,such as ferroptosis and pyroptosis,which have also been associated with ovarian dysfunction.A comprehensive understanding of the most significant factors,particularly IR,which amplifies androgen production through hyperinsulinemia-mediated stimulation of theca cells,is essential for identifying targeted therapeutic strategies.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172721)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-40)+1 种基金the Central Publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(2021-YWF-ZYSQ-12)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP-IAS04)。
文摘Sexual maturation heterosis has been widely exploited in animal crossbreeding.However,the underlying mechanism has been rarely explored in chicken.In the present study,we performed the reciprocal crossing between White Leghorn and Beijing You chicken to evaluate the phenotypes related to sexual maturation,and profiled the ovary circRNAs of purebreds(WW,YY)and crossbreds(WY,YW)to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying heterosis for sexual maturation.Pubic space and oviduct length exhibited positive heterosis,and age at first egg(AFE)exhibited negative heterosis in the crossbreds.We identified 3,025 known circRNAs and 624 putative circRNAs,which were mainly derived from the exons.Among these circRNAs,141 and 178circRNAs were specially expressed in WY and YW,respectively.There were 52.38 and 64.63%of total circRNAs in WY and YW exhibited non-additive expression pattern,respectively.GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the host genes of non-additive circRNAs were mainly involved in TGF-beta signaling pathway,oocyte development,ATPase activator activity,oocyte meiosis,progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation and GnRH signaling pathway.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified that 4 modules were significantly(P<0.05)correlated with oviduct length and pubic space.The host genes of non-additive circRNAs harbored in the 4 modules were associated with MAPK signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway.Furthermore,competing endogenous RNAs(ceRNA)network analysis characterized non-additive circRNAs gal-FGFR2_0005 and galMAPKAP1_0004 could interact with gga-miR-1612 and gga-miR-12235-5p to regulate CNOT6,COL8A1,and FHL2,which were essential for ovary development,indicating that the non-additive circRNAs involved in the formation of sexual maturation heterosis through regulating genes related to the reproductive and developmental process.The findings would provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying sexual maturation heterosis from a novel perspective.
基金supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302724 to Jingwei Yuan)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-40 to Yanyan Sun)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP-IAS16 to Jilan Chen)。
文摘Background Crossbreeding is widely promoted as an efficient strategy to improve the productivity in agriculture.The molecular mechanism underlying heterosis for egg production is always intriguing in chicken.The transcriptional dynamic changes play a crucial role in the formation of heterosis,but little is known for the egg production traits.Results In present study,we measured the continuous manifestation of heterosis ranging from 2.67%to 10.24%for egg number in the crossbreds generated by reciprocal crossing White Leghorn and Beijing You chicken.The high-quality transcriptomes of ovary for purebreds(WW and YY)and crossbreds(WY and YW)in 5 laying stages were sequenced and integrated to identify regulatory networks relevant to the heterosis.We found highly conserved transcriptional features among 4 genetic groups.By using weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),we obtained multiple gene co-expression modules that were significantly correlated with egg number for each group.The common KEGG pathways including apelin signaling pathway,cell cycle,ribosome,spliceosome and oxidative phosphorylation,were screened for the 2 crossbreds.Then,we identified consensus co-expression modules(CMs)that showed divergent expression pattern among crossbred(WY or YW)and purebreds(WW and YY).The hub genes of CMs were again overrepresented in the cell cycle pathway,and the crossbreds exhibited temporally complementary dominance of hub genes in the 5 laying stages.These results suggested that the crossbreds inherited from both parents to maintain the ovary function by cell cycle-related genes,contributing to the persistent heterosis for egg production.Furthermore,the dominant genes including MAD2L1,CHEK2 and E2F1 were demonstrated to function in ovarian follicle development and maturation and could be the candidate genes for egg production heterosis.Conclusion Our study characterized the dynamic profile of genome-wide gene expression in ovary and highlighted the role of dominant expression of cell cycle pathway genes in heterosis.These findings provided new insights for the molecular mechanism of egg production heterosis,which would facilitate the rational choice of suitable parents for producing crossbred chickens with higher egg production.
文摘BACKGROUND Point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)is the use of portable ultrasound devices by trained healthcare professionals to diagnose and monitor medical conditions directly at the patient's bedside,such as in emergency settings.We described a case where POCUS use,in Pediatric Emergency Department,allowed an early diagnosis and timely management in the surgical department,with a favorable outcome for child.Therefore we write this case because it is desirable to po-pularize ultrasound as the fifth pillar of clinical examination especially in Emer-gency Department CASE SUMMARY A 13-year-old girl with acute gastrointestinal symptoms,such as vomit and abdominal and lumbar pains.Upon physical examination,the patient had lo-calized abdominal pain in the left lower quadrant.Ultrasonography performed at the bedside revealed an enlarged left ovary with an irregular structure containing a 3 cm cyst.These findings raised suspicion of ovarian torsion.The child tran-sferred to Gynecology Surgery Unit,where she was taken emergently to the ope-rating room CONCLUSION It is desirable to spread POCUS in emergency settings where it allows a sig-nificant saving of time in patient management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072941)。
文摘The immunomodulatory function of estrogen within the ovary remains a subject of ongoing debate,and the neonatal ovarian immune microenvironment,particularly its modulation by estrogen,has not been comprehensively characterized.In this study,the effects of 17β-estradiol(E_(2)),a key regulator of immune function,were investigated using single-cell transcriptomic profiling of C57BL/6J neonatal mouse ovaries after E_(2)treatment.Results revealed dynamic alterations in the proportion of immune cell types after E_(2)treatment,accompanied by changes in cytokine and chemokine expression.Detailed analyses of gene expression,cell states,and developmental trajectories across distinct cell types indicated that E_(2)treatment influenced cell differentiation and development.Notably,E_(2)treatment reduced the abundance of macrophages and promoted a phenotypic transition from M1 to M2 macrophages.These findings demonstrate that the neonatal mouse ovarian immune microenvironment is sensitive to estrogenic modulation,which governs both the distribution and functional specialization of resident immune cells,offering novel mechanistic insights into the immunomodulatory roles of estrogen across various immune cell types.
文摘Objective:To investigate the quantitative influence of engineering parameters(diameter,bending angle)of minimally invasive surgical instruments and single-port laparoscopic surgery on biomarkers of ovarian reserve function,and establish a multi-parameter coupled mathematical prediction model,providing a theoretical basis for precision instrument design and operation optimization.Methods:A total of 45 reproductive-age patients undergoing single-port laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy were selected.Through orthogonal experimental design,the instrument diameter(3/5/8 mm)and bending angle(30°/60°/90°)were divided into 9 groups,with5 cases in each group.Changes in serum AMH(anti-müllerian hormone),FSH(follicle-stimulating hormone),INHB(inhibin B)and ultrasonic AFC(antral follicle count)indexes were measured before surgery and on the 2nd to 3rd day of the first menstrual period after surgery.Enhanced CT images and laparoscopic images of ovarian force distribution were obtained.Finite element analysis(FEA)of the single-port instrument-ovarian tissue model was performed using ABAQUS software to calculate stress distribution in the ovarian cortex.Oscillatory shear experiments were used to determine the characteristics of viscoelastic property changes in the linear viscoelastic range of ovarian tissue.Results:The rate of decrease in AMH was lower in the 3 mm diameter-30°angle group(P<0.05);the peak Von Mises stress in the D3-θ30 group was lower than that in the other groups(P<0.05);the optimal parameter combination was a diameter of 3.13 mm and an angle of 21.72°,with the model calculating an AMH attenuation of 20%.Ovarian tissue changed with the frequency of the oscillatory shear test.In the low-frequency region(<1 Hz):G'>G''(elasticity-dominated);in the high-frequency region(>5 Hz):G''>G'(viscosity-dominated);the crossover point was at 5 Hz,where G'=G''=5 kPa.Before ovarian dissection:G'was relatively high and G''was relatively low,with elasticity dominating.During dissection:G'decreased and G''increased,with instrument stress causing damage.After dissection:G'further decreased and G''continued to rise,resulting in irreversible damage to the ovarian stroma.Conclusion:The engineering parameters of minimally invasive instruments significantly affect the ovarian reserve function index AMH and the peak Von Mises stress of the ovary through mechanical stress transmission.Using an instrument with a diameter of 3.13 mm and a bending angle of 21.72°can more effectively reduce the impact of single-port laparoscopic surgery on AMH decline.
基金Special Funds for Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development by the Central Government(GuikeZY22096025)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272316)Beijing Innovation Team of Livestock Industry Technology System(BAIC05-2022).
文摘Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is the most common endocrine disease afflicting women of childbearing age.It is characterized by irregular menstruation,clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenemia,and polycystic ovary morphology.As a complex endocrine-metabolic syndrome(MS),PCOS shares several endocrine-metabolic features with the MS,with insulin resistance at the core of their pathogenic mechanisms.PCOS and MS are interrelated and thus have similarities in treatment.Currently,the common treatment modalities for both are lifestyle intervention,medication,and surgery.More studies have shown that lifestyle intervention and regulation of intestinal flora are more effective and sustainable.However,progress towards treatment and cure is hampered by unclear etiology and mechanisms.This review aimed to summarize the relationship between PCOS and MS,the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders,and the current nutritional therapeutic strategies,especially lifestyle modifications and modulation of intestinal flora.Lifestyle interventions combined with the regulation of gut flora can be a new perspective for treatment.This perspective has a positive significance in the early diagnosis,adoption of personalized treatment plans,and prevention of complications in PCOS and MS.The need to prevent the occurrence of MS in patients with PCOS should be emphasized.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81871161 and 32301082)Fujian Provincial Health Technology Project for their attribution from(No.2023GGB01)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2021J01343).
文摘Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)is a frequently encountered disease with hormonal and metabolic dysfunction in women of reproductive age.Nano-sized titanium dioxide(nTiO_(2))has been widely used in skin care products,paints,food,and cosmetics.In this study,we found a substantial elevation of Ti in the follicular fluid of females diagnosed with nonhyperandrogenic PCOS(non-HA PCOS).Therefore,we orally subjected female rats to nTiO_(2) at 10 and 100 mg/kg body weight for 10 weeks.We found that nTiO_(2) triggered non-HA PCOS-like symptoms,including the increase of cystic follicles,estrous cycle disorder,and abnormal ovulation,but without high testosterone.By transcriptome sequencing,we identified that nTiO_(2) exposure inhibited the steroid hormone synthesis and activated the proapoptotic pathways.Upon validating these altered pathways,we discovered that aromatase(Cyp19a1)overexpression contributed to the decline in testosterone/estradiol ratio.Mean-while,the apoptosis of granulosa cells was increased by nTiO_(2) exposure,which might result in the disorder of follicular development.This study presents the evidences revealing a pronounced correlation between nTiO_(2) exposure and the emergence of non-HA PCOS,urging people to promote the safe utilization of nTiO_(2).
基金supported by funds from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020MH346No.ZR2021MH003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81273667).
文摘Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a prevalent endocrine disorder that poses a significant threat to women’s health.As a classical traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulation,Guizhi-Fuling Wan(GFW)has a good application prospect in the complementary treatment of PCOS.This study aimed to systematically summarize the traditional efficacy and pharmacological composition of the Chinese medicines contained in GFW and evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of their active ingredients in the complementary treatment of PCOS.A growing number of studies have demonstrated that GFW is effective at complementally treating PCOS through various mechanisms,including inhibiting inflammatory responses,modulating the intraovarian extracellular matrix,regulating apoptosis and autophagy in granulosa cells,and correcting oxidative stress imbalances.In addition,the GFW has been shown to be effective in treating the complications of PCOS.However,there are several problems,and future work should focus on elucidating the efficacy,safe dosage,and safety of different dosage forms of GFW,increasing the toxicological value of traditional Chinese medicine,and confirming the safety of the combination of GFW with Western medicine for the treatment of PCOS.
文摘Objective:To screen potential serum differential proteins in insulin resistance(IR)complicated with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(i TRAQ)combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).Methods:A total of 20 patients diagnosed with PCOS in our hospital were selected,including 10 cases of simple PCOS and 10 cases of PCOS+IR.i TRAQ combined with LC-MS/MS was used for proteomic analysis to identify serum differential proteins.Bioinformatics analyses,including gene ontology(GO),Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG),and protein-protein interaction(PPI)analysis,were conducted to understand the biological processes,cellular components,and molecular functions of the differentially expressed proteins detected by the two methods.Results:A total of 454,675 secondary spectra were detected by iTRAQ,with 14,376 matched spectra.Combined with LC-MS/MS,74,386peptides,47,542 unique peptide sequences,and 54,675 proteins were identified.A total of 249 differentially expressed proteins with a fold change≥1.30 or≤0.83 were found,among which 9 had a P-value<0.05.There were 5 up-regulated and 4 down-regulated proteins,namely RPAP3,ALDH6A1,COX20,RASSF3,ALPK2,NANOS1,FAM210A,CHGA,and CGA.These differential proteins were imported into the STRING database for PPI network analysis,which revealed 21 nodes and 69 edges with a PPI enrichment P-value<0.001.KEGG enrichment results included hsa04913(Ovarian steroidogenesis),hsa04024(cAMP signaling pathway),and hsa04080(Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction).Conclusion:The combination of i TRAQ and LC-MS/MS technologies identified nine differential proteins including CHGA and CGA,which are mainly enriched in pathways related to ovarian steroidogenesis,c AMP signaling,and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction.This combination provides a powerful platform for exploring the pathogenesis of IR complicated with PCOS and discovering new biomarkers.
文摘Background:Bonducellin is one of the bioactive compounds present in Caesalpinia bonduc Roxb(L).It is a homoisoflavonoid recognized for its anti-cancer,anti-androgenic,and anti-estrogenic properties and could potentially treat polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).However,the underlying molecular mechanism remains unexplored.This study aims to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of bonducellin in treating PCOS and its associated symptoms through an integrated approach combining network pharmacology,molecular docking,molecular dynamics simulation,and in vivo validation.Methods:Bonducellin-associated and PCOS-related genes were intersected using VENN analysis to determine common gene targets.KEGG pathway analysis was conducted to investigate the biological pathways involving the co-targeted genes.The protein-protein interactions of the target genes were performed to identify the key proteins interacting with bonducellin.Molecular docking and 100 ns molecular simulations were carried out to evaluate the binding affinity and conformational stability of bonducellin with the target proteins.Additionally,the acute toxicity of bonducellin was assessed on zebrafish embryos and in vivo gene expression studies were performed to examine its regulatory effect on the top co-targeted gene.Results:The intersection of bonducellin-associated and PCOS-related genes identified 76 co-targeted genes.KEGG pathway analysis revealed their involvement in 15 critical pathways,including steroid hormone biosynthesis.Protein-protein interaction and pathway enrichment analysis highlighted key targets,including MMP9,AR,KDR,PRKACA,KIT,CYP19A1,HSD11B1,ESR1,STAT3,ESR2,PRKCA,ROCK1,BRAF,HSD17B2,PIK3R1,and RAF1,all of which exhibited strong binding to bonducellin.Molecular simulations confirmed the stability of bonducellin to the top proteins,MMP9 and AR,with high binding scores.Acute toxicity studies in zebrafish embryos determined the LC50 value of bonducellin as 0.8μg/mL at 48 hpf.Gene expression analysis revealed that bonducellin differentially regulates the MMP9 gene that is involved in modulating PCOS-related pathways.Conclusion:This study suggests potential gene pathways and protein interactions through which bonducellin could exert therapeutic effects on PCOS and its associated disorders.This provides valuable insights for future research into understanding and developing bonducellin-based treatments for PCOS.
文摘Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a lifelong disorder affecting reproductive,metabolic,and psychological health.A healthy lifestyle and effective weight management strategies should underpin the treatment of PCOS.This case report documents the successful management of a Chinese patient with PCOS who was overweight and presented with oligomenorrhea and persistent adiposity.The patient was diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria.The intervention was a 2-month program involving caloric restriction(1,350 kcal/day whole-food diet),progressive exercise titration(150–180 min/week of aerobic and resistance training),mindfulness practice,and metformin initiation after confirmed insulin resistance(HOMA-IR 3.67)resulted in clinically significant body composition improvements:fat mass was reduced by 5.0 kg,visceral adipose area was reduced by 44.7 cm^(2),skeletal muscle was increased by 1.4 kg,and regular menstrual cycles(32 day interval)were restored following 5% weight loss-consistent with evidence linking this threshold to improved ovarian function.The combination of a structured lifestyle modification program with targeted pharmacotherapy offers a viable clinical approach for metabolic PCOS phenotypes,although further validation is required to ascertain long-term efficacy.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:Elucidation of a New Mechanism of the Prescription for Reinforcing Kidney and Promoting Pregnancy (Bushen Zhuyun Decoction) in Treating Luteal Phase Defects Infertility based on Coenzyme Q10/Ubiquinol Mediated New Ferroptosis Pathway in Endometrium During Implantation (No. 82474567)Jiangsu Province Key Research and Development Plan (Society Development) Project:a Multicenter Real-world Study of Sequential Treatment of Luteal Phase Defects Infertility with “Improving Endometrial Receptivity” as the Effect Point (No. BE2021726)Project of Clinical Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangsu Province:Clinical And Basic Research on the Treatment of Luteal Phase Defects Infertility with “Improving Endometrial Receptivity” as the Effect Point (No. k2021j18-1)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the sequential therapy in treating infertility with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)and luteal phase defects(LPD)by Yangxin Dianji decoction(养心奠基方,YXDJ-D)and Nuangong Tiaojing decoction(暖宫调经方,NGTJ-D).METHODS:This study was undertaken in the Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine.Altogether 90 eligible patients with PCOS and LPD were assigned to exposed group A(Chinese Medicine therapy,YXDJ-D and NGTJ-D),exposed group B(Chinese Medicine plus Western Medicine therapy),control group(Western Medicine therapy).The exposed group A adopted the sequential therapy that YXDJ-D is taken in the postmenstrual period(follicular phase)and NGTJ-D is taken in premenstrual period(luteal phase).Control group took letrozole,dydrogesterone and was given intramuscular injection of human menopausal gonadotropin,human chorionic gonadotropin.The exposed group B was treated with the above-mentioned therapy project of integrated Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine.This study lasted for 2 courses for 6 months.The primary outcomes were pregnancy rate and early abortion rate.The secondary outcomes were the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,estrogen(E2)and progesterone(P),endometrial volume(EV),vascularity index(VI),flow index(FI)and vascularization flow index(VFI).These outcomes will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention.RESULTS:The pregnancy rates of the exposed group A and B were higher than the control group(60.00%vs 60.00%vs 53.33%),while early abortion rates of exposed groups A and B were lower than the control group(33.33%vs 16.67%vs 43.75%,P>0.05).Total efficacy rates in exposed group A and B were better than the control group(93.30%vs 93.30%vs 53.30%,P<0.01).TCM symptom scores and endometrial receptivity indexes(EV,FI,VFI)were significantly lower in exposed groups compared to the control group(P<0.05).P increase in exposed group B was superior to the other two groups(P<0.01).No noticeable abnormalities in safety indicators in the three groups.CONCLUSION:The sequential therapy of YXDJ-D and NGTJ-D can effectively increase pregnancy rate,reduce the early abortion rate and alleviate the clinical symptoms of infertility in patients with PCOS and LPD by improving luteal function and promoting the endometrial receptivity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001912 and 32370525)the Henan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(232300420012)。
文摘The ecdysone-induced transcription factor E93 in model insects plays multiple roles in the insect metamorphosis processes,such as remodeling larval tissues and determining adult tissue formation.The knockdown of E93in insects leads to incomplete metamorphosis,suggesting that E93 is a potential target for pest control.In this study,the HaE93 gene in the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera,a polyphagous pest of various commercial crops worldwide,was identified and found to have high expression in the egg,prepupal,and pupal stages.The injection of ds HaE93 induced about 60%mortality in H.armigera at the larval-pupal stage.About 30%survived but showed delayed pupation and abnormal wings,and the females developed reduced ovaries.Therefore,about 90%of the HaE93 knockdown individuals failed to reproduce before they died.The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of ecdysone primary-response genes,chitin synthesis-related genes,and wing and ovary development-related genes were reduced in HaE93 knockdown H.armigera.These results indicated that HaE93plays a critical role in larva-pupa-adult metamorphosis and the development of the cuticle,wing,and ovary in female H.armigera by regulating the expression of the associated genes.Bioassays of ds HaE93 administered by either oral delivery or injection showed similar knockdown results,which suggested that HaE93 can be used as a target gene for the RNAi control of the pest H.armigera.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:82305409National Key Research and Development Program of China:2022YFC3500504。
文摘Objective:To investigate the distribution characteristics of sensory,sympathetic,and motor neurons as-sociated with the"Shenshu(BL 23)"and"Guanyuan(CV 4)"acupoints and the ovary,and to elucidate the neural anatomical connections between these acupoints and the ovary.Methods:In this study,dual fluorescent neural tracing was utilized,with twelve female Sprague-Dawley rats being randomly allocated into two groups(n=6 per group)for the purpose of administering tracer injections at distinct anatomical sites:the"BL 23"-ovary group received injections of Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated cholera toxin subunit B(AF488-CTB)at the left"BL 23"and Fluoro-Gold(FG)in the left ovary;the"CV 4"-ovary group received AF488-CTB at“CV 4”and FG in the left ovary.Three days post-injection,the distribution of AF488-CTB and FG-labeled neural components was observed in the dorsal root ganglia(DRGs),sympathetic chain,and spinal cord tissues.Results:①Sensory neurons labeled with AF488-CTB associated with"BL 23"were primarily distributed in the thoracic(T)10 to lumbar(L)2 DRGs,concentrated in T12-T13;postganglionic sympathetic neurons were mainly located in the thoracolumbar sympathetic chain;motor neurons were predominantly found in the anterior horn of the T11-L1 spinal cord segments.②Sensory neurons labeled with AF488-CTB associated with"CV 4"were primarily located in T10-L3 DRGs,concentrated in T13-L2 DRGs;postgan-glionic sympathetic neurons were mainly distributed in the lumbar sympathetic chain;motor neurons were primarily found in the anterior horn of T11-L2 spinal cord segments.③FG-labeled sensory neu-rons associated with the ovary were mainly distributed in the T9-L3 DRGs,concentrated in the T12-L2 DRGs;postganglionic sympathetic neurons were primarily located in the lumbar sympathetic chain.④Double-labeled(AF488-CTB and FG)sensory neurons associated with the"BL 23"and ovary were mainly distributed in the T12-T13 DRGs,with double-labeled postganglionic sympathetic neurons primarily in the lumbar sympathetic chain;double-labeled sensory neurons associated with the"CV 4"and ovary were mainly distributed in the T13-L1 DRGs,with double-labeled postganglionic sympathetic neurons primar-ily in the lumbar sympathetic chain.No double-labeled motor neurons were observed for either acupoint with the ovary.Conclusion:"BL 23"and"CV 4"and the ovary in rats exhibit segmental connections in sensory and sympathetic innervation,which may serve as the neural anatomical pathway and basis for acupuncture at these acupoints to regulate ovarian function.
基金National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine high-level key discipline construction project on Ethnic Minority Medicine(Zhuang Medicine)(Project No.:zyyzdxk-2023164)Guangxi Higher Education Key Laboratory for Research on Toxin-related Diseases in Zhuang Medicine(Guijiao Keyan[2022]No.10).
文摘As an important branch of traditional medicine,Zhuang Medicine is renowned for its unique prescriptions and techniques in clinical treatment,with significant therapeutic effects and widespread popularity.This article introduces Professor Fang Gang’s experience in treating obesity-type polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)with modified Zhuang Medicine Mao Xia Yin.Professor Fang Gang proposes that the etiology and pathogenesis of obesity-type polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)primarily stem from spleen deficiency,which impairs the transport of water and dampness.This dysfunction leads to the accumulation of dampness that transforms into phlegm.Over time,the stagnation of phlegm and dampness generates internal heat,resulting in the formation of“dampness toxin,”“phlegm toxin,”and“heat toxin.”These pathological toxins obstruct the circulation of Qi and blood,causing stasis and the emergence of“stasis toxin.”The buildup of these toxins ultimately blocks the three channels and two pathways,disrupting the harmony among the three Qi of heaven,earth,and man.This disharmony culminates in impaired uterine gland function.Therefore,the treatment mainly focuses on tonifying deficiency,detoxifying,and regulating Qi.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2022NSFSC1767)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32360828)。
文摘Avian ovaries develop asymmetrically apart from prey birds,with only the left ovary growing more towards functional organ.Here,we analyze over 135,000 cells from chick's left and right ovaries at six distinct embryonic developmental stages utilizing single-cell transcriptome sequencing.We delineate gene expression patterns across 15 cell types within these embryo ovaries,revealing side-specific development.The left ovaries exhibit cortex cells,zygotene germ cells,and transcriptional changes unique to the left side.Differential gene expression analysis further identifies specific markers and pathways active in these cell types,highlighting the asymmetry in ovarian development.A fine-scale analysis of the germ cell meiotic transcriptome reveals seven distinct clusters with gene expression patterns specific to various meiotic stages.The study also identifies signaling pathways and intercellular communications,particularly between pre-granulosa and germ cells.Spatial transcriptome analysis shows the asymmetry,demonstrating cortex cells exclusively in the left ovary,modulating neighboring cell types through putative secreted signaling molecules.Overall,this single-cell analysis provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of the asymmetric development of avian ovaries,particularly the significant role of cortex cells in the left ovary.
