More old residential communities have become unsuitable for the elderly because of the aging of outdoor physical environment and functional degradation. This paper investigated behaviors and mental activities of the e...More old residential communities have become unsuitable for the elderly because of the aging of outdoor physical environment and functional degradation. This paper investigated behaviors and mental activities of the elderly, problems of outdoor environment in old residential communities, and proposed strategies for the renovation of old residential communities from the perspectives of outdoor environment, road, greening and public supporting facilities according to demands of the elderly on outdoor environment, so as to provide them a comfortable and reasonable outdoor environment.展开更多
Several studies have shown a positive relationship between high quality outdoor environments and users’health.Education of agricultural professionals also demands high quality outdoor environments in order to promote...Several studies have shown a positive relationship between high quality outdoor environments and users’health.Education of agricultural professionals also demands high quality outdoor environments in order to promote students’wellbeing,which in turn supports scientific researches.This study analyzed relationship between students’actual uses and campus outdoor environments,identified what environmental characteristics that students prefered,how they used and why they participated in the outdoor activities.The results could be used as guidance of campus design and management.Investigation of three universities in Harbin provided 686 valid questionnaires.The results suggested that health awareness effectively promoted students’use frequencies of outdoor environments.Environment with"natural"and"cultural"characteristics,especially undulating landform,vibrant plants and landmarks in a serpentins design style attracted more uses.Female students showed more preferences on social interaction activities than males.Students who had good economic consumption levels and participated in outdoor activities frequntly in childhood prefered to join all the kinds of activities after university enrollment.展开更多
Recently, the increasing concern about the environmental quality of human settlements makes people realize that the attractive environment given by natural ecology also deficiently needs the feedback and protection of...Recently, the increasing concern about the environmental quality of human settlements makes people realize that the attractive environment given by natural ecology also deficiently needs the feedback and protection of nature in some forms so that the natural ecology can be endlessly cycled on its own. Taking the project of German Enterprise Center in Qingdao Sino-German Ecopark as an example, this paper discussed construction of outdoor environment water circulation system using the landscape building method.展开更多
The COVID-19 is a major global health event that has changed people’s lives and behaviors. As a fragile and sensitive area with high population density and poor living conditions in the city, collective housing is al...The COVID-19 is a major global health event that has changed people’s lives and behaviors. As a fragile and sensitive area with high population density and poor living conditions in the city, collective housing is also an important construction area for future urban renewal. In the process of the spread of the new crown epidemic, the collective housing has exposed a series of weaknesses such as difficult community management, inconvenience of life, and insufficient outdoor space. Therefore, the update and transformation of the outdoor environment of the collective housing combined with the concept of public health is a problem that must be considered at present. This article combines the practice of renewal and transformation of the X community in Chaoyang District, Beijing, combined with survey methods such as questionnaires, interviews, and observations, combined with the needs of residents and the practical experience of the grassroots management unit, and carried out an overall renewal design of the external space environment of the collective housing. The epidemic is combined with the division of functional layout, refined design of outdoor activity space to ensure safe distance, and increased shared smart facilities to improve the quality of the outdoor environment of collective residences and strengthen community resilience;to achieve communication and sharing, epidemic prevention and control on the basis of ensuring safe social distance outdoor sports and other functions. In this way, the ability of collective housing to prevent, identify, and dispose of urban risks will be improved, and will provide residents with a better and livable community life.展开更多
On the basis of environmental psychology and environment-behavior science, this paper took Beijing Oriental Sun City Elderly Apartment for example to explore outdoor environmental landscape design schemes of the elder...On the basis of environmental psychology and environment-behavior science, this paper took Beijing Oriental Sun City Elderly Apartment for example to explore outdoor environmental landscape design schemes of the elderly apartment suitable for geomorphologic features, climatic conditions, and humanistic background of southern cities against the background of population aging in China, so as to provide references for the outdoor environment construction for the elderly apartment.展开更多
The study of urban outdoor thermal environment was carried out in one of the mountainous cities by using geography information system(GIS) technique which is connected with predicting and evaluating models for the out...The study of urban outdoor thermal environment was carried out in one of the mountainous cities by using geography information system(GIS) technique which is connected with predicting and evaluating models for the outdoor thermal environment, monitoring data and simulating data. A prediction and evaluation system were set up. A typical mountainous city, i.e., Yunyang city in Chongqing in China, was taken as an example, its urbanization trend and population growth was predicted and evaluated. The heat island intensity and its trend were simulated, the temperature field, velocity field and the humidity field were analyzed. The results show that GIS is an effective tool to deal with the outdoor thermal environment, especially for the mountainous cities with special geographical particularities. GIS can be used in the environmental management and the city planning especially for the mountainous cities.展开更多
This paper analyzed current situation of domestic and foreign children's outdoor spaces, and the relationship between urban public spaces and children's behaviors, summarized design principles and techniques t...This paper analyzed current situation of domestic and foreign children's outdoor spaces, and the relationship between urban public spaces and children's behaviors, summarized design principles and techniques to improve use efficiency of urban outdoor public spaces and facilities, create public spaces capable of meeting psychological behavior needs of children.展开更多
Green building practices benefit many users because it imposes less of a burden both on people and the environment and plays a central role in achieving a sustainable lifestyle. Covering rooftops with tall evergreen t...Green building practices benefit many users because it imposes less of a burden both on people and the environment and plays a central role in achieving a sustainable lifestyle. Covering rooftops with tall evergreen trees increases evaporation and reduces energy consumption by heating and air conditioning systems. Japan has a cereal-crop culinary culture and rice cultivation is a primary activity. According to the Biophilia Hypothesis exposure to a lush greenery environment conducive to survival facilitates more effective relaxation and recovery from fatigue than simple elimination of stress. The impact of rice paddies is not only about reduction of energy consumption, but also about mitigating the urban environment and its physiological and psychological effects on the human body. Focusing on the spread of the rice canopy and exposure of water surfaces, clarified the reaction of the human body to thermal sensory perception and outdoor thermal environments, and the correlation between them. Rice fields where the rice canopy was smaller, and where ample standing water surfaces received short wavelength solar radiation, have a high heat capacity, which works to increase the longwave length thermal radiation in the time period when the accumulated amount of short wavelength solar radiation increases. Meanwhile, where the spread of the rice canopy was greater, and the surface of the standing irrigation water covered with rice plants, a mitigation effect on the outdoor thermal environment evaluation index of ETFe (enhanced conduction-corrected modified effective temperature) through reduction of long wavelength thermal radiation came into play, and it became clear that thermal sensory perception improved through visual stimuli that engendered images of humidity. The purpose of this study was to clarify the environmental mitigation effect of rice fields in an urban environment. In addition to the physical environmental mitigation effect, it was also shown that rice fields engendered a psychological environmental mitigation effect through visual stimuli in the form of natural ground surfaces such as green spaces.展开更多
Corrosion studies are important due to the enormous cost involved in the replacement of materials in all kinds of applications. The outdoor study on corrosion behavior of aluminum sheet, chequered aluminum plate and z...Corrosion studies are important due to the enormous cost involved in the replacement of materials in all kinds of applications. The outdoor study on corrosion behavior of aluminum sheet, chequered aluminum plate and zinc alloys roofing sheet commonly used as construction material within a highly industrial settlement were examined using the gravimetric technique. The outdoor corrosion of these alloys at different sites was observed via its exposure to atmospheric conditions, monitored and recorded for 12 months at an interval of 2 months. Results depicted a process spanning the initial and intermediate stages of corrosion. The samples of construction materials at Bonny island showed substantial weight losses and rate of corrosion which varied largely on percentage of atmospheric humidity, salt precipitations, industrial aerosols and corrosive gases present at the exposure site as well as the nature of the material and the presence of protective coating formed during corrosion process. The rapid rate of deterioration of these materials causes severe economic importance on the indigenes’ activities including the oil and gas industries and other construction companies on the island. Thus, there is urgent need for research concerned with methods to control or prevent excessive deterioration of metals in Bonny Island.展开更多
The outdoor ground radiation including the emitted radiation and reflected radiation plays an important role in the outdoor thermal environment. In this paper, based on the hypothesis of that the occupant body can be ...The outdoor ground radiation including the emitted radiation and reflected radiation plays an important role in the outdoor thermal environment. In this paper, based on the hypothesis of that the occupant body can be equivalent to a human cylinder and the outdoor ground surface is diffusive for radiation, a mathematical model is advanced to describe the radiation from the ground surface to the occupant. Through theoretical analysis of the mathematical model, general formulas for calculating the radiation arriving at the occupant from an annular ground surface and infinite ground surface are obtained. It shows that, the radiation from ground surface to the occupant depends on the surface temperature, reflectivity and emissivity, the arrange within the radius of 8.0m encircling the occupant can be defined as the dominant radiating area which radiates 90% radiation to the occupant. The radiative potentials of different pavement surface such grass, asphalt concrete surface, granite slab surface, terracotta bricks, colored concrete interlocking blocks are also compared with the datum measured by Tan Slew-Ann and Fwa Tien-Fang in Singapore, it shows that, in the summer sunny day, grass surface radiates more radiation in the morning but less in the afternoon than other pavement materials. Finally, discussions of reducing the radiation of outdoor ground surface are presented and main conclusions are drawn for improving the outdoor thermal environment.展开更多
Urban outdoor thermal environment(OTE)plays a crucial role in shaping the comfort and livability of cities,especially in complex urban settings where a variety of factors influence thermal conditions.This study presen...Urban outdoor thermal environment(OTE)plays a crucial role in shaping the comfort and livability of cities,especially in complex urban settings where a variety of factors influence thermal conditions.This study presents a high-resolution,computationally efficient framework for simulating and evaluating OTE,incorporating detailed vegetation modeling and optimized long-term simulations for wind and mean radiant temperature(MRT).The framework utilizes satellite imagery to capture city geometry,identifying buildings,trees,and water bodies.It combines fast fluid dynamics(FFD)and proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)for efficient wind estimations,alongside ParaCore ray-tracing algorithms for MRT calculations.Thermal comfort is quantified through the universal thermal climate index(UTCI).The framework is validated with measured data from Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SJTU)campus,showing robust predictive performance with an R2 value of 0.95 for UTCI estimations.The SJTU campus,covering 3.09 square kilometers and spanning 6,570 hours of outdoor activity over a year,is evaluated in just 5.67 hours,demonstrating the framework’s computational efficiency.The results provide valuable insights for urban planners,including outdoor thermal comfort autonomy(OTCA)maps that highlight areas needing improvement,as well as hourly thermal stress(TS)evaluations to identify critical discomfort periods.These outputs support strategic decisions on functional zoning,campus renewal,and seasonal adaptive design,ultimately enhancing urban sustainability.展开更多
为更加全面有效分析影响铁路设备全生命周期的环境因素,完善铁路室外环境监测,针对铁路环境监测的局限性,可采用以太网供电(Power over Ethernet,POE)和窄带物联网(NarrowBand Internet of Things,NB-IoT)的方式部署室内外环境监测系统...为更加全面有效分析影响铁路设备全生命周期的环境因素,完善铁路室外环境监测,针对铁路环境监测的局限性,可采用以太网供电(Power over Ethernet,POE)和窄带物联网(NarrowBand Internet of Things,NB-IoT)的方式部署室内外环境监测系统。POE方式室内环境监测新增粉尘、气压、噪音、二氧化碳参数监测,系统部署简单高效,维护成本、系统故障率低,有利于后期设备的平滑升级。N B-IoT方式室外环境监测创新性地引入路基填土温湿度、导电性及钢轨温度、震动和位移参数监测,室内外环境监测数据按室内3D图加室外设备图形化的形式展示。该系统集成度高、价格低廉、功耗低、覆盖全,适合铁路多站点、环境复杂场景。展开更多
文摘More old residential communities have become unsuitable for the elderly because of the aging of outdoor physical environment and functional degradation. This paper investigated behaviors and mental activities of the elderly, problems of outdoor environment in old residential communities, and proposed strategies for the renovation of old residential communities from the perspectives of outdoor environment, road, greening and public supporting facilities according to demands of the elderly on outdoor environment, so as to provide them a comfortable and reasonable outdoor environment.
基金Supported by the Natural Fund Project of Heilongjiang Province(E2018009)Heilongjiang Higher Education Teaching Reform Project(SJGY20170111)Great Northern Agricultural Scholar Program(SBJY 17024)。
文摘Several studies have shown a positive relationship between high quality outdoor environments and users’health.Education of agricultural professionals also demands high quality outdoor environments in order to promote students’wellbeing,which in turn supports scientific researches.This study analyzed relationship between students’actual uses and campus outdoor environments,identified what environmental characteristics that students prefered,how they used and why they participated in the outdoor activities.The results could be used as guidance of campus design and management.Investigation of three universities in Harbin provided 686 valid questionnaires.The results suggested that health awareness effectively promoted students’use frequencies of outdoor environments.Environment with"natural"and"cultural"characteristics,especially undulating landform,vibrant plants and landmarks in a serpentins design style attracted more uses.Female students showed more preferences on social interaction activities than males.Students who had good economic consumption levels and participated in outdoor activities frequntly in childhood prefered to join all the kinds of activities after university enrollment.
基金Sponsored by the National Science and Technology Project in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period(2013BAJ02B04)
文摘Recently, the increasing concern about the environmental quality of human settlements makes people realize that the attractive environment given by natural ecology also deficiently needs the feedback and protection of nature in some forms so that the natural ecology can be endlessly cycled on its own. Taking the project of German Enterprise Center in Qingdao Sino-German Ecopark as an example, this paper discussed construction of outdoor environment water circulation system using the landscape building method.
文摘The COVID-19 is a major global health event that has changed people’s lives and behaviors. As a fragile and sensitive area with high population density and poor living conditions in the city, collective housing is also an important construction area for future urban renewal. In the process of the spread of the new crown epidemic, the collective housing has exposed a series of weaknesses such as difficult community management, inconvenience of life, and insufficient outdoor space. Therefore, the update and transformation of the outdoor environment of the collective housing combined with the concept of public health is a problem that must be considered at present. This article combines the practice of renewal and transformation of the X community in Chaoyang District, Beijing, combined with survey methods such as questionnaires, interviews, and observations, combined with the needs of residents and the practical experience of the grassroots management unit, and carried out an overall renewal design of the external space environment of the collective housing. The epidemic is combined with the division of functional layout, refined design of outdoor activity space to ensure safe distance, and increased shared smart facilities to improve the quality of the outdoor environment of collective residences and strengthen community resilience;to achieve communication and sharing, epidemic prevention and control on the basis of ensuring safe social distance outdoor sports and other functions. In this way, the ability of collective housing to prevent, identify, and dispose of urban risks will be improved, and will provide residents with a better and livable community life.
基金Sponsored by Youth Foundation of Jiangxi Normal University
文摘On the basis of environmental psychology and environment-behavior science, this paper took Beijing Oriental Sun City Elderly Apartment for example to explore outdoor environmental landscape design schemes of the elderly apartment suitable for geomorphologic features, climatic conditions, and humanistic background of southern cities against the background of population aging in China, so as to provide references for the outdoor environment construction for the elderly apartment.
基金Project (50278099) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The study of urban outdoor thermal environment was carried out in one of the mountainous cities by using geography information system(GIS) technique which is connected with predicting and evaluating models for the outdoor thermal environment, monitoring data and simulating data. A prediction and evaluation system were set up. A typical mountainous city, i.e., Yunyang city in Chongqing in China, was taken as an example, its urbanization trend and population growth was predicted and evaluated. The heat island intensity and its trend were simulated, the temperature field, velocity field and the humidity field were analyzed. The results show that GIS is an effective tool to deal with the outdoor thermal environment, especially for the mountainous cities with special geographical particularities. GIS can be used in the environmental management and the city planning especially for the mountainous cities.
文摘This paper analyzed current situation of domestic and foreign children's outdoor spaces, and the relationship between urban public spaces and children's behaviors, summarized design principles and techniques to improve use efficiency of urban outdoor public spaces and facilities, create public spaces capable of meeting psychological behavior needs of children.
文摘Green building practices benefit many users because it imposes less of a burden both on people and the environment and plays a central role in achieving a sustainable lifestyle. Covering rooftops with tall evergreen trees increases evaporation and reduces energy consumption by heating and air conditioning systems. Japan has a cereal-crop culinary culture and rice cultivation is a primary activity. According to the Biophilia Hypothesis exposure to a lush greenery environment conducive to survival facilitates more effective relaxation and recovery from fatigue than simple elimination of stress. The impact of rice paddies is not only about reduction of energy consumption, but also about mitigating the urban environment and its physiological and psychological effects on the human body. Focusing on the spread of the rice canopy and exposure of water surfaces, clarified the reaction of the human body to thermal sensory perception and outdoor thermal environments, and the correlation between them. Rice fields where the rice canopy was smaller, and where ample standing water surfaces received short wavelength solar radiation, have a high heat capacity, which works to increase the longwave length thermal radiation in the time period when the accumulated amount of short wavelength solar radiation increases. Meanwhile, where the spread of the rice canopy was greater, and the surface of the standing irrigation water covered with rice plants, a mitigation effect on the outdoor thermal environment evaluation index of ETFe (enhanced conduction-corrected modified effective temperature) through reduction of long wavelength thermal radiation came into play, and it became clear that thermal sensory perception improved through visual stimuli that engendered images of humidity. The purpose of this study was to clarify the environmental mitigation effect of rice fields in an urban environment. In addition to the physical environmental mitigation effect, it was also shown that rice fields engendered a psychological environmental mitigation effect through visual stimuli in the form of natural ground surfaces such as green spaces.
文摘Corrosion studies are important due to the enormous cost involved in the replacement of materials in all kinds of applications. The outdoor study on corrosion behavior of aluminum sheet, chequered aluminum plate and zinc alloys roofing sheet commonly used as construction material within a highly industrial settlement were examined using the gravimetric technique. The outdoor corrosion of these alloys at different sites was observed via its exposure to atmospheric conditions, monitored and recorded for 12 months at an interval of 2 months. Results depicted a process spanning the initial and intermediate stages of corrosion. The samples of construction materials at Bonny island showed substantial weight losses and rate of corrosion which varied largely on percentage of atmospheric humidity, salt precipitations, industrial aerosols and corrosive gases present at the exposure site as well as the nature of the material and the presence of protective coating formed during corrosion process. The rapid rate of deterioration of these materials causes severe economic importance on the indigenes’ activities including the oil and gas industries and other construction companies on the island. Thus, there is urgent need for research concerned with methods to control or prevent excessive deterioration of metals in Bonny Island.
基金This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China （Nos. Do210013, 2006J0460）.
文摘The outdoor ground radiation including the emitted radiation and reflected radiation plays an important role in the outdoor thermal environment. In this paper, based on the hypothesis of that the occupant body can be equivalent to a human cylinder and the outdoor ground surface is diffusive for radiation, a mathematical model is advanced to describe the radiation from the ground surface to the occupant. Through theoretical analysis of the mathematical model, general formulas for calculating the radiation arriving at the occupant from an annular ground surface and infinite ground surface are obtained. It shows that, the radiation from ground surface to the occupant depends on the surface temperature, reflectivity and emissivity, the arrange within the radius of 8.0m encircling the occupant can be defined as the dominant radiating area which radiates 90% radiation to the occupant. The radiative potentials of different pavement surface such grass, asphalt concrete surface, granite slab surface, terracotta bricks, colored concrete interlocking blocks are also compared with the datum measured by Tan Slew-Ann and Fwa Tien-Fang in Singapore, it shows that, in the summer sunny day, grass surface radiates more radiation in the morning but less in the afternoon than other pavement materials. Finally, discussions of reducing the radiation of outdoor ground surface are presented and main conclusions are drawn for improving the outdoor thermal environment.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China,on“National Quality Infrastructure(NQI)”(Grant No.2023YFF0613101)the National Key Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China through Grant No.2022YFC3803204.
文摘Urban outdoor thermal environment(OTE)plays a crucial role in shaping the comfort and livability of cities,especially in complex urban settings where a variety of factors influence thermal conditions.This study presents a high-resolution,computationally efficient framework for simulating and evaluating OTE,incorporating detailed vegetation modeling and optimized long-term simulations for wind and mean radiant temperature(MRT).The framework utilizes satellite imagery to capture city geometry,identifying buildings,trees,and water bodies.It combines fast fluid dynamics(FFD)and proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)for efficient wind estimations,alongside ParaCore ray-tracing algorithms for MRT calculations.Thermal comfort is quantified through the universal thermal climate index(UTCI).The framework is validated with measured data from Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SJTU)campus,showing robust predictive performance with an R2 value of 0.95 for UTCI estimations.The SJTU campus,covering 3.09 square kilometers and spanning 6,570 hours of outdoor activity over a year,is evaluated in just 5.67 hours,demonstrating the framework’s computational efficiency.The results provide valuable insights for urban planners,including outdoor thermal comfort autonomy(OTCA)maps that highlight areas needing improvement,as well as hourly thermal stress(TS)evaluations to identify critical discomfort periods.These outputs support strategic decisions on functional zoning,campus renewal,and seasonal adaptive design,ultimately enhancing urban sustainability.
文摘为更加全面有效分析影响铁路设备全生命周期的环境因素,完善铁路室外环境监测,针对铁路环境监测的局限性,可采用以太网供电(Power over Ethernet,POE)和窄带物联网(NarrowBand Internet of Things,NB-IoT)的方式部署室内外环境监测系统。POE方式室内环境监测新增粉尘、气压、噪音、二氧化碳参数监测,系统部署简单高效,维护成本、系统故障率低,有利于后期设备的平滑升级。N B-IoT方式室外环境监测创新性地引入路基填土温湿度、导电性及钢轨温度、震动和位移参数监测,室内外环境监测数据按室内3D图加室外设备图形化的形式展示。该系统集成度高、价格低廉、功耗低、覆盖全,适合铁路多站点、环境复杂场景。
